GIFT  OF 


JOURNAL  1 

Of  the  TRANSACTIONS  and  OCCURRENCES  in  the  fettlement  of 

MafTachufetts  and  the  other  New-England  Colonies, 

from  the  year  1630  to  1644  : 


WRITTEN     BY 


JOHN  WINTHROP,  Efq, 

Firft  Governor  of  Maffachufetts : 


And  now  fir  ft  puhliftied  from  a  correft  copy  of  the 
original    Manufcript. 

Utcumque  trit^  juvabit  tamen,  rerum  gejlarum  memories 9 

ipfum  confuluijjc. 

Tit.  Liv,  Pref. 


HARTFORD:    PRINTED 

By     ELISHA     BABCOCK, 

M,DCC,XC. 

vi   :' 


"'  *  '       "        * 


TO  THE  POSTERITY 


o» 


JOHN  WINTHROP,  Efq.  | 

The  founder  of  the  Msffackufetts  Colony,  and  for  many  years,  the 
father  and  the  Governor  of  that  infant  Settlement, 

The  following  JOURMAL,  written  by  their   ILLUSTRIOUS  ANT- 
CESTO&,  is  refpe&fully  infcribed    by  their 
Moft  obedient 

humble  fervant, 

THE  EDITOR* 
Hartford)  July  1790. 


THE  EDITOR'S  PREFACE. 


HT'HE  following  Journal  was  written  by  JOHN  WINTHROP,  Ef«[. 
JL  the  firft-  Governor  of  Maffachuietts.  This  diflinguifhed  gen- 
tleman was  born  at  Groton,  in  Suffolk,  June  12,  1587.  His  Grand- 
father was  an  eminent  lawyer,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII,  and  at- 
tached to  the  reformation.  His  father  was  of  the  fame  profeffion, 
and  the  Governor  himfelf  was  bred  a  lawyer,  in  which  character  he 
•was  eminent  both  for  integrity  and  abilities.  Indeed  he  muft  have 
had  the  faireft  reputation  ;  for  he  was  appointed  a  Juftice  of  Peace 
at  eighteen  years  of  age. 

When  the  defign  of  fettling  a  colony  in  New-England  was  un- 
dertaken, Mr.  Winthrop  was  chofen  with  general  confent,  to  con- 
duct the  enterprize.  His  eftate,  amounting  to  the  value  of  fix  6r 
feven  hundred  pounds  fterling  a  year,  he  converted  into  money, 
and  embarked  for  America,  in  the  forty  third  year  of  his  age.  He 
arrived  at  Salem,  with  the  Maflachufetts  charter,  June  12,  1630. 
He  was  many  years  Governor  of  that  infant  colony,  ami  conducted 
himfelf  with  fuch  addrefs  and  unfhaken  reftitude  as  to  render  his 
character  univerfally  refpeSable  among  his  cotemporaries,  and  his 
memory,  dear  to  pofterity.  He  died,  March  26,  1649* 

Mr.  Winthrop  kept  a  Journal  of  every  important  occurrence, 
from  his  firft  embarking  for  America,  in  1630,  to  the  year  1644, 
This  Manufcript,  as  appears  by  fome  paflages,  was  originally  de- 
figned  for  publication  ;  and  it  was  formerly  confulted  by  the  firfi 
compilers  of  New-England  hiftory  particularly  by  HUB  BARD, 
MATHER  and  PRINCE.  But  it  continued,  unpublifhed  and  un- 
copied,  in  pofleflion  of  the  elder  branch  of  the  family,  till  the  late 
revolution,  when  Governor  TRUMBULL  of  Gonnefticut  procured 
it,  and,  with  the  aii fiance  of  his  Secretary,  copied  a  coniiderable 
"  part  of  it.  Soon  after  the  Governor's  death,  a  gentleman,  who  has 
a  tafte  for  examining  curious  original  papers,  which  refpefl:  his  own 
country,  came,  by  accident,  to  a  knowledge  of  this  manufcript ;  and 
with  confent  of  the  Governor's  heirs,  contracted  for  a  copy,  mere- 
ly for  his  own  improvement  and  amufement.  On  reading  the 
work,  he  found  it  to  contain  many  curious  and  interefting  fafts,  re- 
lating to  the  fettlement  of  Maffachufetts  and  the  other  New-Eng- 
land colonies,  and  highly  defcriptive  of  the  character  and  views  of 
the  firft  inhabitants.  This  fuggufted  to  him  the  defign  of  publifh- 
ing  the  Journal  c*mpktt\  as  any  abridgement  of  it  would  tend  to 
weaken  its  hiftorical  evidence,  and  put  in  the  power  of  captious 
critics  to  impeach  its  authenticity.  By  confent  of  the  defendants 
of  Gov.  Winthrop,  propofals  were  iflued  for  publifhing  a  fmall 
number  of  copies  ;  and  the  defign  is  at  length  accomplifhed. 


PREFACE. 

The  cop7  litre  prefentcd  to  the  public,  was  made  by  JOHN  FOR- 
TER,  Efq.  theHSecretary  of  the  late  Gov.  Trumbull,  whofe  declara- 
tion, reipe&ing  its  accuracy,  is  here  annexed.  It  is  an  extract  from 
his  letter  to  the  Editor. 

Lebanon,  January  ift  1788. 
DEAR  SIR, 

A  G  REE  ABLE  to  your  rcque^  I  fend  you  a  copy  of  Gov.  Winthrop** 
hi/lory.  The  tranfcribing  has  required  more  labor  than  I  atjirjl  ex- 
pccl^d.  I  carefully  examined  the  original,  and  on  comparing,  found 
many  errors  in  thejirft  copy  ,•  which,  upon  further  experience  in  reading 
the  original,  I  have  been  able  to  correct  ;  as  alfo  to  Jill  up  many  blanks. 
This  has  caufed  me  muchjludy,  and  retarded  the  completion  of  the  bujmefs 
for  feme  time.  You  will  obfervefome  blanks  in  theprefent  copy — -Jbme  of 
them  are  Jo  in  the  original — but  excepting  the  blanks^  1  believe  this  may  be. 
depended  on  as  a  gsnuin  copy. 

I  am,  dear  Sir, 

zuith  fentiments  of  efteem, 
your  obedient  humbU fervent, 

JOHN  PORTER. 

The  original  is  in  the  hand-writing,  common  to  that  age  ;  and  is 
not  read  without  difficulty.  The  firft  copy  was  made  during  Gov* 
Trumbull's  life,  and  part  of  it  by  the  Governor  himfelf.  The  laft 
copy,  here  given  to  the  world,  was  taken  from  the  firft,  and  through- 
out the  whole,  compared  with  the  original.  The  blanks  are  few, 
and,  as  the  reader  will  obferve,  of  no  condderable  confequence. 

Many  ^rts  of  the  work  are  not  intercfting  to  modern  readers  ; 
but  even  thefe  are  necefiary  to  give  future  hiftorians  an  accurate 
acount  of  the  firft  tranfaciions  of  the  fettlers,  and  furnifh  pofterity 
with  a  precife  knowlege  of  the  characters  and  manners  of  their  fore- 
fathers. 

Important  inftitutions,  and  the  general  complexion  of  national 
government  often  originate  in  the  moft  trivial  circumftances,  or  th» 
minuteft  traits  of  character  ;  and  without  a  detail  of  the  moft  trif- 
ling facls  in  the  early  hiftory  of  New-England,  it  will  be  impoflible 
to  underftand  the  nature  of  their  prefent  religious  and  political  ef- 
tublifhments. 

But  however  unimportant  particular  paffages  in  the  following 
Journal  may  appear  to  the  body  of  readers,  the  fubftance  of  the 
work  is  highly  valuable:  and  it  is  prefumed  the  hiftorian,  th'fc  phi- 
lofopher  and  the  divine,  will  be  gratified  with  a  publication,  which 
has  long  been  a  dcfideratum  among  the  Literati  of  the  New  WorkL 

H&Ttforil,  July  1790. 


GOVERNOR  WINTHROP'S 
JOURNAL, 

Anno  Domini,    16309 

March  tyth,  Monday. 


RIDING  at  the  Cowes,  near  the  lite  of  Wight,  in  the 
,  Arabella,  a  fhip  of  350  tons,  whereof  Captain  Peter 
Milburne  was  Mailer,  being  manned  with  52  feamen  and  28 
pieces  of  ordnance.  The  wind  coming  to  the  N.  by  W.  the 
evening  before ;  in  the  morning  there  came  aboard  ns,  Mr, 
Cradock,  the  late  Governor,  and  the  Mafler  of  his  two  mips. 
Captain  John  Love,  Mailer  of  the  Ambrofe,and  Mr.  Niche- 
las  Thurlfton,  Mailer  of  the  Jewel,  and  Mr.  Thomas  BeacLcr, 
Mafter  of  the  Talbot,  which  three  ihips  rode  then  by  us  ;  ,thc 
Charles-,  the  May-flower,  the  William  and  Francis,  the  Hope- 
tvell,  the  Whale,  the  Succefs,  the  Trial,  being  at  Hamptott 
and  not  ready.  When,  upon  conference,  it  was  agreed,  that 
in  regard  it  was.  uncertain  when  the  reft  of  the  fleet  would  be 
ready,  four  ihips  ihould  conlorf  together  ;  the  Arabella  to  be 
Admiral,  the  Talbot  Vice- Admiral,  the  AmbroTe,  Rear- Ad- 
miral, arid  the  Jewel  a  Captain  ;  And  accordingly  articles  of 
confortihip  were  drawn  between  the  faid  Captain  and  Mailer  ; 
whereupon  Mr.  Cradock  took  leave  of  us,  and  our  Captain 
gave  him  a*  farewell  with  four  or  five  fliot. 

About  ten  of  the  clock  we  weighed  anchor  and  fet  fail,  with 
the  wind  at  N.  and  came  to  an  anchor  again  over  agaiuil  Yar- 
mouth, and  the  Talbot  weighed  likewifc,  and  came  and 
anchored  by  us.  There  we  met  with  a  iliip  of  Hampton,  call- 
ed the  Plantation,  newly  come  from  Virginia,  the  Captais 
faluted  them,  and  he  us  again  ;  and  the  Mailer,  one  Mr. 
Guerns,  came  on  board  the  ihip,  and  ilayed  with  us  about 
two  or  three  hours,  and  in  the  mean  time  their  flap  came  :• 
an  anchor  by  us. 


GOVERNOR  WINTHROP'ft 


Wednef-. 
day,  31  ft. 


Thurfday 

April  i. 

Friday2d 


•  I 

In  the  morning  about  ten  of  the  clock,  the  wind  being  come 
to  the  W.  with  fair  weather,  we  weighed  and  rode  nearer 
Yarmouth.  When  we  came  before  the  town  the  caftle  put 
forth  a  flag  ;  our  Captain  faluted  them,  and  they  anfwered  u» 
again.  The  Talbot,  which  went  further  off  faluted  the  caftle 
alfo. 

There  we  faw  clofe  by  the  more  of  Ifle  of  Wight,  a  Dutch 
fliip  of  looo  tons,  being  bound  to  the  Eaft-Indies,  about  two 
years  fmce,  in  paffmg  thither,  the  rudder  ftruck  upon  a  rock, 
and  being  forced  to  run  alhore  to  fave  her  men,  could  never 
be  weighed  fmce.  Altho'  fhe  lies  a  great  height  above  -water, 
and  yet  fhe  hath  fome  men  aboard  her . 

The  wind  continued  W.  and  S.  W.  with  rain.  Our  Cap- 
tain and  fome  of  our  company  went  to  Yarmouth  for  fupply  of 
wood  and  other  protfifions ;  our  Captain  was  ftill  careful  to 
fill  our  empty  cafks  with  water. 

The  wind  continued  very  ftrong  at  W.  and  by  S.  with  much 
rain.     We  kept  a  faft  aboard  our  ftrip  and   the  Talbot.     The 
wind  continued  ftill  very  high  at  W,  and  S.  and  rainy.     In  the 
time  of  our  faft,  two  of  our  landmen  pierced  a  rundlet  of  ftrong 
*Rum  or  water,*  and  ftole  fome  of  it,  for  which  we  laid  them  in  bolts 
fpirits.     all  the  night,   and  the  next  morning  the  principal  was  openly 

whipped,  arid  both  kept  with  bread  and  water  that  day. 
Saturday       The  wind  continued  ftill  at  W.  with  continual  ftorms  and 

3d.        rain. 

Sunday        Fair  clear  weather.     In  the  morning  the   wind  W.  and  by 
4th.        N.  but  in  the  afternoon  S.  S.  W.     Thii  evening  the  Talbot 
weighed  and  went  back  to  the  Cowes,  becaufe   her  anchor 
would  not  hold  her,  the  tide  fet  with  fo  ftrong  a  wave. 
Monday        The  wind  ftill  W.  and  by  S.  with  fair  weather.     A  maid  of 
5th>        Sir  Richard  Saltonftall  fell  down  at  the  grating  by  the   cook- 
room,    but  the  carpenter  ran,  who  occafioned  her  fall  unwit- 
tingly, caught  hold  of,  her  with  incredible  nimblenefs,  and 
faved  her,   othervvife  flie  had  fallen  into  the  hold. 
Tuefday        Captain  Burleigh,    Captain  of  Yarmouth-Caftle,  a  grave 
6th.       comely  gentleman  and  of  great  age,  came  aboard  us  and  ftay- 
ed  breakfaft,  arid  offering  us  much  courtefy,  he  departed,    our 
Captain  giving  him  four  fhot  out  of  the  forecaftle  for  his  fare- 
well.    He  was  an  old  fea  Captain  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  time, 
and  being  taken  prifoner  at  fea,.  was  kept  prifoner  in  Spain 
three  years ;  himfelf  and  three  of  his  fons,  were  Captains   in 
Roe's  voyage. 

The  wind  was  now  come  about  to  N.  E.  with  very  fair  wea- 
ther. In  the  afternoon  Mr.  Cradock  came  aboard  us,  told 
us  that  the  Talbot,  Jewel  and  Ambrofe  were  fallen  down  int* 

Stoke'* 


JOURNAL.  I 

Stoke's  Bay,  intending  to  take  their  way  by  Helen's  Point,  1630. 
and  that  they  defired  we  would  come  back  to  them.  Here- 
upon we  came  to  council  and  wrote  unto  them  to  take  the  firft 
opportunity  of  the  wind  to  fall  down  to  us,  and' Mr.  Cradock 
prefently  went  back  to  them,  our  Captain  giving  him  three 
{hot  out  of  the  fteerage  for  a  farewell. 

Our  Captain  called  over  our  landmen  and  tried  them  at  their 
mufkets,  and  fuch  as  were  good  (hot  among  them,  were  en- 
rolled to  ferve  in  the  fhip,  if  occafion  mould  be. 

The  lady  Arabella  and  the  gentlewomen,  and  Mr.  Johnflon 
and  fome  others  went  on  fhore  to  refrefh  themfclves. 

Fair  weather,  the   wind  Eaflerly,  in  the  morning   a  (mall    Wedne£- 
gale,  but  in  the  afternoon  it  came  about  to  the  South.     This    day  7th. 
afternoon  our  other  conforts  came  up  to  us,  and  about  icior  12 
Flemings,  and  all  anchored  by  us,  and  the  Mailer  of  the  Jew- 
el and  the  Ambrofe  came  aboard  us,  and  our  Captain  and  they 
went  on  more.     Towards  night   there  came  from  the  W.  a 
Fleming,  a  fmall  man  of  war,  with  a  Brazil    man  which  he 
had  taken  prize,  and  came  to  anchor  by  us. 

About  fix  in  the  morning,  the  wind  being  E.  and  by  N.  and  Thurfday 
fair  weather,  we  weighed  anchor  and  iet  fail,  and  before  ten  8th. 
\vegot  through  the  Needles,  having  fo  little  wind  as  we  had 
much  to  do  to  ftem  the  tide,  fo  as  the  reft  of  our  fleet  (we  be- 
ing nine  in  all,  whereof  fome  were  fmall  mips,  which  were 
bound  for  Newfoundland)  could  not  get  out  all  theirs  till  the 
ebb.  In  the  afternoon  the  wind  came  S.  and  by  W.  and  we 
were  becalmed,  fo  as  not  being  able  to  get  above  three  or  four 
leagues  from  the  Needles,  our  Captain  tacked  about,  and 
putting  his  fore  meet  aback  ftays,  he  flayed  for  the  reft  of  the 
fleet,  and  as  they  came  by  us,  we  fpake  to  them,  and  about 
8  in  the  evening  we  let  fall  an  anchor,  intending  to  flop  'til 
the  ebb,  but  before  ten  at  night  the  wind  came  about  to  the 
N.  a  good  gale,  fo  we  put  up  a  light  in  the  poop,  and  weigh- 
ed and  fet  fail,  and  by  daylight  we  were  come  to  Portland  ;  Friday 
but  thejother  mips  being  not  able  to  hold  up  with  us,  we  were  9th. 
forced  tofpare  our  mainfail,  and  went  on  with  a  merry  gale. 
In  the  night  we  difcovered,  from  the  top,  8  fail  aftern  of  us, 
whomCaptain  Love  told  us  he  had  feen  at  Dunninaft  in  the  e- 
vening.We  fuppofing  they  niight  be  Dunkirkers,  our  Captain 
caufed  the  gun  room  and  gun  deck  to  be  cleared,  all  the  ham- 
mocks were  taken  down,  our  ordnance  loaded,  and  our  pow- 
der chefts  and  fireworks  made  ready,  and  our  landmen  quarter- 
ed among  the  feamen,  and  25  of  them  appointed  for  mufket- 
teers,  and  every  man  written  down  for  their  quarter. 

Tfee  wind  continue&^N,  with  fair  weahter,  and  after  noon  it 

calmed 


f,  GOVERNOR   WINTHROP's 

1630.      calmed,  and  we  flill  faw  thofe  eight  fhips  to  flancl  towards  us, 
having  more  wind  than  we,  they  came   up  again,  fo   that  our 
Captain  and  the  Mailers  of  the  conforts  were  more  occafioned 
to  think  they  might  be  Dunkirkers,  for  we  were  told  at  Yar- 
mouth, that  there  were  ten  fail  of  them  waiting  for  us  ;  where- 
upon we  all  prepared  for  to  fight  with  tliem,  and  took  down 
iome  cabins  Which  were  in  the  way  of  our  ordnance,  and  out  of 
every  fhip  were  thrown  fuch  matter  as  were  fubjecl  to  take  fire, 
and  we  hove  put  our   long  boat,  and  put  up  our  wafte  cloths, 
and  drew  forth  our  men  and  armed  them  with  mulkets  and  other 
weapons,  and  initruments  for  fireworks  ;  and  for  an  experi- 
ment our  Captain  fhot  a  ball  of  wild  fire  fattened  to  an  arrow, 
out  of  a  crofs-bow,  which  burnt  in  the  water  a  good  time.    The 
lady  Arabella  and  the  other  women  and  children  were  removed 
into  the  lower  deck,   that  they  might  be  out  of  danger.     All 
things  being  thus  fitted,   we  went  to  prayer  upon  the  upper 
deck.     It  was  much  to  fee  how   cheerful  -and  comfortable 
all  the  company  appeared  ;  not  a  woman  or  child  that  mewed 
fear,  though  all  did  apprehend  the  danger  to  have  been  great, 
if  they  had   proved  as    might  well  be  expected,  for  there  had 
been  eight  againft  four,  and   the  leaft  of  the  enemy's  (hips 
were  reputed  to  carry  30  brafs  pieces,  but  our  trufl  was  in  the 
Lord  of  Holts ;  and  the  courage  of  our  Captain,  and  his  care 
and  diligence  did  much  encourage  us.     It  was  now  about  one 
of  the  clock,  and  the  fleet  feemed  to  be  within  a  league  of  us; 
therefore  the  Captain,  becaufe  he  would  mew  he  was  not  afraid 
of  them,  and  that  he  might  fee  the  ifTue  before  night  mould 
overtake  us,  tacked  about  and  flood  to  meet  them,  and  when 
we  came  near  them  we  perceived  them  to  be  our  friends ;  the 
Little  Neptune,  a  fhip  of  fome  twenty  pieces  of  ordnance,  and 
her  two  conforts,  bound   for  the  Streights  ;  a  fhip  of  Hamp- 
fhire,  and  a  Frenchman  and  three  otherEnglifh  mips  bound  for 
Canada  and  Newfoundland.  So  when  we  drew  near,  every  fhip 
as  they  met  faluted  each  other,  and  the  May-flower  and  ours 
difcharged  their  fmall  fhot ;  andfo  (God  be  praifed)  our  fear 
and  danger   was  turned   into    mirth  and  friendly  entertain- 
ment, our  danger  being  then  over.     We  efpied  two  boats  on 
fiming  in  the  channel,  fo  every  of  our  four  mips  manned  out  a 
Cuff,   and  we  bought  qf  them  great  flore  of  excellent  fim  of 
divers  forts. 

Saturday       The  wind  at  E.  and  by  N.  ahandfome  gale  with  fair  wea- 
iotli.      ther.     By  7  in  the  morning  we  were  come  over  againft  Ply- 
mouth.    About  noon  the  wind  flacked,   and  we  were  come 
within  fight  of  the  Lizard,  and  towards  night  it  grew   very 
in  and  t  great  fog,  fo  as  our  fhips  ma^f-s^o  way. 

Thi? 


JOURNAL.  ^ 

This  afternoon  Mr.  Thurlfton,  the  mailer  of  the  Jewel  cane      1630. 
aboard  our  {hip,  and  our  captain  went  in  his  Ikift  aboard  the  u  '    _     f, 
Ambroie  and  the  Neptune,  of  which  one  Mr.  Andrew  Cole 
was  mailer.     There  he  was  told  that  the  bark  Warwick  was 
taken  by   the  Dunkirkers,  for  me  came   ftraight  out  of  the 
Pownes  about  14  days  fmce,  intending  to  come  to  us  to  the 
Wight,  but  was  never  heard  of  fince.     She  was  a  pretty  ihip 
of  about  80  tons  and  10  pieces  of  ordnance,  and  was  let   out 
by  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges,  Captain  Mafon  and  others,   fo  to 
have  interrupted  the  trade  of  beaver.     The  mailer  of  her  was  \ 

one  Mr.  Weathrall,  whofe  father  was  mailer  of  one   of  the 
cattle  iliips,  which  we  left  at  Hampton. 

This  day  two  young  men  falling  at  odds  and  fighting,  con- 
trary to  the  orders  which  we  had  publifhed  and  ftt  up  in  the 
fhip,  were  adjudged  to  walk  upon  deck  till  night  with  their 
hands  tied  behind  them,  which  accordingly  was  executed;  and 
another  man  for  ufmg  contemptuous  fpeech  in  our  prefence, 
was  laid  in  bolts  till  he  fubmitted  himfelf  and  prefented  open 
confeffion  of  his  offence. 

I  mould  have  noted  before,  that  the  day  we  fet  fail  from  the 
Cowes,  my  fon  Henry  Winthrop  went  on  more  with  one  of  my 
fervants  to  fetch  an  ox  and  10  weathers,  which  he  had   pro- 
vided for  our  ihip,  and   there  went  on  more  with  him,   Mr. 
Pelhamandone  of  his  fervants,  they  fent  the  cattle  aboard, 
but  returned  not  themfelves.     About  three  days  after  my  fer- 
vant  and  a  fervantof  Mr.  Pelham's  came  to  us  to  Yarmouth, 
and  told  us  they  were  all  coming  to  us  in  a  boat  the  day  be- 
fore, but  the  wind  being  fo  ilrong  againil  them,  as  they  were 
forced  on  more  in  the  night,  and  the   two  fervants  came  to 
Yarmouth  by  land,   and  fo  came  on   fhip-board,   but  my  fon 
and  Mr.  Pelham,  we  heard,  went  back  to  the  Cowes  and   fo 
to  Hampton.     We  expected  them  3  or  4  days  after,  but  they 
came  not  to  us,  fo  we  have  left  them  behind,  andfuppofe  they 
will  come  after  in  Mr.  Goffe's  mips.     We  were  very  forry 
they  had  put  themfelves  upon  fuch  inconvenience  when  they 
were  fo  well  accommodated  in  our  fhip.     This  was  not  noted 
before,  becaufe  we  expected  daily  their  return.     And  upon  this 
occafion  I  muft  add  here  one  observation,  that  we  have  many 
young  gentlemen  in   our  fhip,  who   behave  themfelves  well, 
and  are  conformable  to  all  good  orders. 

About  i.o  at  night  it  cleared  up  with  a  frefh  gale  at  N.  E. 
and  by  W.  fo  we  Hood  on  our  courfe  merrily. 

The  wind  at  N.  and  by  W.  a  very  fliff  gale.  About  8  in  Sunday 
the  morning  being  gotten  paft  Silla,  and  ftanding  to, the  W.  nth. 
S.  W.  we  met  tw^Bfoiall  mips,  which  falling  in  among  us, 

and 


6  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'* 

1630.      and  the  Admiral  coming  under  our  lee,   we  let  him  pafs,  but' 
i_    t-     '  the  Jewel  and  Ambrofe  perceiving  him  then  to   be  a   B razil 
man  and  to  take  the  wind  of  us,  mot  at  them  and  made  them 
flop  and  fall  after  us,  and  fent  a  fkiff  aboard  them  to  know 
what  they  were.     Our  Captain  fearing  left  fome  miftake  might 
arife,  and  left  they  mould  take  them  for  enemies  which  were 
friends,  and  fo  thro*  the  unrulinefs  of  the  mariners  fome  wrong 
might   be  done  them,  caufed  his  fkiff  to  be  hauled  out,  and 
fent  Mr.  Graves,  one  of  his  mates  and  our  pilot    (a   difcreet 
man),  to  fee  how  things  were,  who  returned  foon  after,   and 
brought  with   them  the  mafter  of  one  of  the  mips  and   Mr. 
Love  and  Mr.  Thurlfton,  when  they  were   come  aboard  us, 
they  agreed  to  fend  for  the  Captain,  who  came  and  (hewed  his 
commiflion  from  the   Prince  of  Orange.     In   conclufion  hp 
proved  to  be  a  Dutchman,  and  his  a  man  of  war  of  Pluming, 
and  the  other  fliip  was  a  pinnace  he  had  taken  laden  with  fu- 
gar  and  tobacco,  fo  we  fent  them  aboard  their   mips  again, 
and  held  on  our  courfe.     In  this  time  (which  hindered  us  five 
or  fix  days)  the  Jewel  and  the  Ambrofe  run  foul  of  each  other, 
fo  as  we  much  feared  the  iffue,  but  thro*  God's  mercy,  they 
came  well  off  again,  only   the   Jewel  had  her  forefail  torn, 
and  One  of  her  anchors  broken.     This  occafion,*  and  the  fick- 
nefs  of  our  minifter  and  people  put  us  all  out  of  order  this  day 
fo  as  we  could  have  no  fervices. 

Monday  The  wind  came  large  to  the  N.  a  ftiff  gale  with  fair  wea- 
Ap.  1 2th.  ther.  In  the  afternoon  lefs  wind,  and  our  people  began  to 
grow  well  again.  Our  children  and  others  that  were  fick,  and 
lay  groaning,  in  the  cabbins,  we  fetched  out,  and  having 
ilretched  a  rope  from  the  fteerage  to  the  mainmaft,  we  made 
them  ftand  fome  of  one  fide  and  fome  of  the  other,  and  fwing 
it  up  and  down  till  they  were  weary,  and  by  this  means  they 
fbon  grew  well  and  merry. 

Tuefday        The  night  before  it  was  calm,  and  the  next  day   calm  clofe 
1 3th.       weather  fo  as  we  made  little  way, the  wind  with  us  being  Weft. 
Wednef-        The  wind  S.  W.  rainy  weather  in  the   morning.     About  9 
day  1 4th.  in  the  forenoon  the  wind  came  about  to  N.N.W.  a  ftiffgale,  fo 
we  tacked  about  and  fleered  our  courfe  W.  S.  W.     This   day 
the  fhip  heaved  and  fet  more  than  before,  yet  we  had  ftill  fome 
/ick,  and  of  thefe  fuch  as  came  upon   deck   and   flirred  them- 
felves  were  prefently  well  again  ;  therefore  our   Captain   fet 
our  children  and  grown  men  to  fome  harmlefs  exercifes  which 
the  feamen  were  very  active  in,  and  did  our  people  much  good, 
tho'  they  would  fometimes  play  the  wag  with  them.     Towardi 
night  we  were  forced  to  take  in  fome  fail  to  ftay  for  the  Vice- 
Admiral  which  wai  near  a  league  a  ftern  of  us. 

The 


JOURNAL. 

The  wind  ftill  at  N.  N.  W.  fair  weather,  but  lefs  wind  than       1610 
the  day  and  night  before  fo  as  our  (hip \nade  but  little   way    i  —  J-lf 
At  noon  our  Captain  made  obfervation  by  the  crofs   flaff  and  Thurfday 
found  we  were  m  47.  37  minutes  N.  Lat.  ,,tn  7 

All  the  forenoon  our  Vice-Admiral  was  much  to  Leeward  of 
us,  fo  after  dinner  we  came  up  towards  her,  and  having 
fetched  her  up  and  fpoke  with  her,  the  wind  being  come  to  S. 
W.  we  tacked  about  and  fleered  our  courfe  N.  N.  W.  lyine  as 
near  the  wind  as  we  could,  and  about  4  of  the  clock,  with  a 
Ihffgale,  we  fleered  W.  and  by  N.  and  at  night  the  wind  grew 
very  flrong  which  put  us  on  to  the  W.  amain. 

About  10  at  night,  the  wind  grew  fo  high  and  rain  withal, 
that  we  were  forced  to  take  in  our  topfail,  and  having  lower'd 
our  mamfail  and  forefail,  theftorm  was  fo  great  as  it  fplit  our 
forefail  and  tore  it  to  pieces,  and  the  roll  of  the  fea  warned  our 
tub  overboard,  wherein  our  fifh  was  a  faking.  The  ftorm  ftill 
grew,  and  it  was  dark  with  clouds,  tho'  otherwife  moon  light 
fo  as  tho'  it  was  Jewel's  turn  to-carry  the  light  this  night,  yet 
left  we  mould  lofe  or  go  foul  one  of  another  we  hung  out  a  light 
upon  our  mizzen  fhrouds,  and  before  midnight  we  loft  fight  of 
our  Vice-Admiral. 

Our  Captain,  fo  foon  as  he  had  fet  the  watch  at  8  in  the  & 
venmg,  called  his  men  and  told  them  he  feared  we  mould  hav% 
a  ftorm,  and  therefore  commanded  them  to  be  ready  upon  deck 
if  occafion  mould  be,  and  himfelf  was  up  and  down  the  decks 
all  hours  of  the  night. 

^  About  4  in  the  morning  the  wind  tacked  a  little  ,  yet  it  con-     Friday 
tinued  ftill  and  tho'  in  the  afternoon   it  cleared  with  much       i6th. 
wind,  yet  the  fea  was  fo  high  as  it  toffed  us  more  than  before, 
and  we  carried  r\o  more  but  our  mainfail,  yet  our  fhip  fleered 
Well  with  it,  which  fome  fuch  mips  could  not  have  done. 

About  4  in  the  afternoon  the  wind  fell  W.  and  by  S     and 

%ml*  WTCr  pUVJ?  ?  "T  f°rcrail  and  hoifted  *  UP>  a"<l  ^eered 
N.  N.  W.  All  the  day  our  Rear-Admiral  and  the  Jewel  held 
wpwith  us. 

This  night  was  very  flormy.  All  the  time  of  the  ftorm 
fome  of  our  people  were  fick,  tho'  no  men  who  kept  under 
hatches,  and  there  appeared  no  fear  or  difheartednefs  among 
them.  6 


The  wind  S.  W.  very  ftormy  and  boiflerous :  all  the  time  we  Saturday 
bore  no  more  fail  but  our  mainfail  and  forefail,  and  we  fleered       1 7th. 
our  courfe  W .  and  by  N.     This  day  our  Captain  told  me  that 
our  landmen  were  very  nafty  and  flovenly,and  that  the  gun  deck 
Where  they  lodged  was  fo  beaftly  and  noifome  with   their  vic- 
tuals and  beaftlinefs,  as  would  much  endangerthe  health  of  the 

flii» 


? 


GOVERNOR 


t 

1630.     /hip.     Hereupon  after  prayer,  we  took  orders,  and  appointed" 
_    y  n»V  four  men  to  fee  to  it  and  to  keep  that  room  clean  for  three  days, 
and  then  four  others  to  fucceed  them  and  fo  on. 

The  wind  continued  all  this  day  at  S.  W.  a  ftifF  gale  ;  in  the 
afternoon  it  cleared  up,  but  very  high.  Oitr  Captain  about  4 
o'clock  fent  one  to  the  top  to  look  for  the  Vice-Admiral,  but 
could  not  defcry  him,  yet  he  faw  a  fail  about  two  leagues  to 
Leeward  which  ftood  toward  the  N.  E.  We  were  this  even- 
ing by  our  account  about  90  leagues  from  Silla  W.  and  by  S. 
At  'this  place  there  came  a  {wallow  and  lighted  upon  our 
fhip. 

Sunday  About  2  in  the  morning  the  wind  N.  W.  fo  we  tacked  about 
\p.  1 8th.  and  fteered  our  courfe  S.  W.  We  had  ftill  much  wind,  and 
the  fea  went  very  high,  which  toffed  our  (hip  continually.  Af- 
ter our  evening  fervice  about  5  of  the  clock,  the  wind  came  a- 
bout  to  the  S.  E.  a  good  gale  but  rainy,  fo  we  fteered  our  courfe 
W.  S.  W.  and  the  mips  way  was  about  9  leagues  a  watch  (a 
watch  is  four  hours)  i  his  day  the  Captain  fent  to  top  again  to 
flifcover  our  Vice- Admiral,  we  difcerned  from  thence  to  the 
Eaftward  a  fail,  but  we  knew  not  what  me  was. 

About  7  of  the  clock  thejewel  came  upfo  near  us  aswe  could 
fpeak  each  to  other,  and  after  we  eafed  iome  fail,  fo  llie  went  a 
head  of  usr  and  foon  after  8  put  forth  her  light. 

In  the  morning  the  wind  came  about  to  the  N.  W.  a  good 
gale  and  fair  weather,  fo  we  held  our  courfe,  but  the  fhip  made 
not  fo  good  way  as  when  the  wind  was  large. 

This  day  by  obfervation  and  account  we  found  ourfelves  to 
be  in  48  N.  Lat.  and  220  leagues  W.  from  the  meridian  of 
London.  Here  I  think  good  to  note,  that  all  the  time  fince 
we  came  from  the  Wight  we  had  cold  weather,  fo  as  we  could 
well  endure  our  warmeft  clothes.  I  wifh  therefore  that  all 
fuch  as  (hall  pnfs  this  way  in  the  fpring  have  care  to  put  up 
warm  clothes,  for  nothing  breeds  more  trouble  and  danger  of 
fickneis  in  this  feafon,  than  cold.  In  the  afternoon  the  wind 
.  came  to  S.  W  a  ftifF  gale  with  rain,  fo  we  fteered  Wefterly, 
till  night,  then  the  wind  came  about  to  N.  W.  and  we  tacked 
again  and  ftood  S.  W.  Our  Rear  Admiral  being  to  Leeward 
of  us  we  bore  up  to  him,  he  told  us-  all  their  people  were  in 
health,  but  one  of  their  cows  was  dead. 

Tuefday        The  wind  Southerly,  fair   weather  and   little  wind  ;  in  the 
2oth.       morning   we   fteered   S.  and  by  E.    in  the  afternoon  W.  and 

by  N. 

Wednef-  Thick  rainy  weather,  much  wind  at  S.  W.  Our  Captain 
day  21  ft,  over  night  had  invited  his  conforts  to'have  dined  with  him  this 
day,  -but  it  was  fuch  foal  weather  as  they  could  not  come  a- 


Monday 
1 9th. 


boar4  us. 


The 


JOURNAL.  9 

*The  wind  ftill  W.  and  by  S.  fair  weather,  then  W.  N.  W.       1630. 
This  day  at  noon  we  found   ourfelves  in  47  degrees  and  48 
minutes,    and  having  a  ftiffgale,  we  fleered  S.  W.   about  4 
leagues  a  watch  all  this  day,  and  all  the  night  following. 

The  wind  ftill  W.  N.  W.  afmall  gale,  with  fair  weather. 
Our  Captain  put  forth  his  ancient  in  the  poop,  and  hove  out 
his  fkiff  and  lowered  his  topfaiis  t:>  give  lign  to  his  conforts, 
that  they  fliould  come  aboard  us  to  dinner,  for  they  were  both 
a  good  way  a  flernof  as,  and  our  Vice- Admiral  was  not  yet 
feenof  us  fince  the  florm,  tho  we  fent  to  the  top  every  day  td 
defcry  him. 

Aboiit  i  i  of  the  clock  our  Captain  fertt  his  fkifF  and  fetched 
aboard  us  the  Maftersof  the  other  two  mips,  and  Mr.  Pinche- 
on,  and  they  dined  with  us  in  the  round  houfe,  for  the  lady  and 
gentlewomen  dined  in  the  great  cabin. 

This  day  and  the  night  following  we  had  little  wind,  fo  as 
the  fea  was  very  fmooth,  and  the  fhip  made  little  way. 

The  wind  ftill  W.  and  by  N.  fair  weather  and  calm  all  that    Saturday 
day  and  evening.     Here  we  made  obfervation  again  and  found        24. 
We  were  in  45   2d  N.  Lat. 

The  wind  Northerly,  fair  weather,  but  ftill  calm  ;  we  flood     Sunday 
W.  and  by  S.  and  faw  two  (hips  a  head  of  us  as  far  as  we  could        25. 
defcry.     In  the  afternoon  the  wind  came  W.   and  by  S.  but 
calm  ftill.     About  5  of  the  clock  the   Rear- Admiral  and  the 
Jewel  had  fetched  Up  the  two  fhips,  and  by  their  faluting  each 
other  we  perceived  they  were  friends,  for  they  were  fo  far  to 
the  windward  of  us  as  we  could  only  fee   the  fmoke   of  their 
pieces,  but  could  not  hear  them.     About  9  of  the  clock   they 
both  fell  back  towards  us  again,  and  we  fleered  N.  N.  W.  Nowr 
the  weather  began  to  be  warm. 

The  wind  ftill  W.  and  by  S.  clofe  weather  and  fcarce  a'ny  Monday 
wind.  The  two  mips  which  we  faw  yefterday  were  bound  for  26- 
Canada.  Capt.  Kirk  was  aboard  the  Admiral ;  they  came 
up  with  us,  and  falling  clofe  under  our  lee,  we  faluted  each  o- 
ther,  and  conferred  together  fo  long  'till  the  Vice- Admiral 
was  becalmed  by  our  fails,  and  we  were  foul  one  of  another  ; 
but  there  being  little  wind  and  the  fea  calm  ;  we  kept  them 
afunder  with  our  oars  &c.  'till  they  hove  out  their  boat,  and  fo 
towed  their  fhip  away.  They  told  us  for  certain  that  the  King 
of  France  had  fent  ost  fix  of  his  own  (hips  to  recover  the  fort 
from  them. 

About  orie  of  the  clock  Capt.  Love  fent  his  fkifF  aboard  us. 
with  a  friendly  token  of  love  to  the    Governor,   to  defire   our 
Captain  to  come  aboard  his  fhip,  which  he  did,  and  then  met 
JJ  the 


,0  GOVERNOR  WINTHROP's 

1630.     the  matters  of  the  other  (hips  and  Capt.  Kirk,  and  before  nigKt 
T,_  -  y — ,u*  they  all  returned  to  their  (hips  again,  Capt.  Love  bellowing 
feme  {hot  upon  them  for  their  welcome. 

The  wind  now  blew  a  pretty  gale,  fo  as  our  fhip  made  fome 
way  again,  tho  it  were  out  of  our  right  courfe  N.  W.  and 
byN. 

Tuefday        The  wind  flill  Weflerly,  a  fliff  gale  with  clofe  weather,  we 
37.        fleered  W.  N.  W.    About  noon  fome  rain  and  all  the  day  very 
cold.     We  appointed  Tuefdays  and  Wednefdays  to  catechifc 
our  people,  and  this  day  Mr.  Philips  began  it. 

Wednef-       All  the  night  and  this  day  till  noon,  the  wind  very  high  at 
day  2$.     S.  W.  clofe  weather  and  fome  rain  ;  between  1 1  and  12  in  a 
fhower  the  wind  came  W.  N.  W.  fo  we  tacked  about  and 
flood  S.  W. 

Thurfday       Much  wind  all- this  night  atW.  &  by  N.  and  the  fea  went  very 

39.        high,  fo  as  the  fhip  rolled  very  much,  becaufe  we  failed  but 

with  one  courfe  ;  therefore  about  12,   our   Captain  arofe  and 

caufed  the   foretopfail  to  be  hoifled,  and    then  the  fhip  went 

more  fleady. 

In  the  morning  the  wind  con  tinned,  with  a  ftifFgale,  rainy 
and  cold  all  the  day.  We  had  been  now  three  weeks  at  fea, 
and  were  not  come  above  300  leagues,  being  about  one  third 
part  of  our  way,  viz.  about  46  N.  lat.  and  near  the  meridian 

of  the  T s. 

,This  night  Capt.  Kirk  carried  the  light  as  one  of  our  con- 
torts. 

Friday3O.      The  wind  at  W.  N.  W.  a  flrong  gale  all  the  night  and  day, 

with  florins  now  and  then.     We  made   obfervation  and  found 

we  were  in  44  N.  lat.     At  night  the  wind  fcanted  towards  the 

S.  with  rain,  fo  we  tacked  about  and  flood  N.  W.  and  by  N. 

May  i.         All  the  night  much  wind  at   S.S.W.   and  rain;  in    the 

Saturday,   morning  the  wind  flill  flronger,  fo  as  we  could  bear  little  fail, 

and  fo  it  continued  a  growing  florm  all  the  day,  and  towards 

night  fo  much  wind  as  we  bore  no  more  fail  but  fo  much  as 

fhould  keep  the  fhip  fliff ;  then  it  grew  a  very  great  tempeft 

with  fevere  mowers  of  rain  intermixed  and  very  cold. 

Lord's-         The  tempefl  continued  all  this  day,  with  the  wind  W.  and 

day  2.      by  N.  and  the  fea  raged  and  toffed  us  exceedingly,  yet  throy 

Gods  mercy  we  were  very  comfortable  and  few  or  none  fick, 

but  had  opportunity   to  keep  the  fabbath,  and  Mr.   Philips 

prayed  twice  that  day.  The  Ambrcre  and  Jewel  were  feparated 

far  from  us  the  firil  night,  bat  this  day  we  faw  them  again, 

but  Captain  Kirk's  fliip  we  faw  not  fmce. 

Moncfay        In  the  night  the  wind  abated,  and  by  morning  the  fea  was 
3.         well  afftvaged,  fo  as  we  bore  our  forefa'jl  again,  and  Hood  W. 

S.W. 


JOURNAL.  is 

S.  W.   but  all  the  time  of  the  tempeft  we  could  make  no  way,      1630. 

but  were  driven  to  the  leeward,  and  the  Ambrofe  ftruck  all  her  '_  -m-    j 

fail  but  her  mizzen,  and  lay  a  hull ;  Ihe  broke  her  main  yard. 

This  day  we  made  obfervation  and  found  we  were  in   43  1-2 

N.  Lat.     Wefet  two  failors  in  the  bolts,  till  night,  with  their 

hands  bound  behind  them.     A  maid  fervant  in  the  (hip   being 

ftomach  fick,  drank  fo  much  flrong  water  that  me  was  ienfelefs, 

and  had  near  killed  herfelf.     We  obferved  it   a  common  fault 

in  our  grown  people,  that  they  gave   themfelves  to  drink  hot 

waters  very  immoderately. 

Much  wind  at  S.  W-.  clofe  weather.     In  the  morning  we    Tuefdajr 
tacked  about  and  Hood  N.  W.    and  about  10  in  the  morning        4. 
W.  N.  W.  but  made  but  little  way  in  regard  of  the  hard  fea. 

The  wind  W.  and  by  S.  thick  foggy  weather  and  rainy,  fo     Wednef- 
we  flood  N.  W.  and  by  W.  At  night  the  Lord  remembered  us,       day  5. 
and  enlarged  the  wind  to  the  N.  fo  we  tacked  about  and  flood 
ourcourfe  W.  and  by  S.  with  a  merry  gale  in  all  our  fails. 

The  wind  at  N.  a  good  gale  and  fair  weather.  We  made  Thurf.  6  • 
obfervation  and  found  we  were  43  1-2  N.  Lat.  fo  we  flood  full 
W.  &  came  in  24  hours  about  30  leagues.  Some  things  I  obferved 
here.  ifl.  that  the  declination  of  the  pole  flar  was  much  (even 
to  the  view)  beneath  what  it  is  in  England.  2d.  that  the  new 
moon,  when  it  fir  ft  appeared,  was  much  fmaller  than  at  any 
time  I  had  feen  it  in  England.  3d.  that  all  the  way  we  came, 
we  favv  fowls  flying  and  Twimming  when  we  had  no  land  near 
by  200  leagues.  4th.  that  whenfoever  the  wind  blew  we  had 
ftiil  cold  weather,  and  the  fun  did  not  give  fo  much  here  as  in 
England. 

The  wind  N.   and  by  E.  a  fmall  gale,  very  fair   weather,  Frid.  7, 
and  towards  night  a  flill  calm.     This  day  the  Captain  and  Mr. 
Love  dined  aboard  the  Jewel. 

All  the  night  calm,  in  the  morning  the  wind  S.  W.  a  Sat.  3, 
handfome  gale,  fo  we  tacked  and  flood  N.  W.  and  foon  after 
the  wind  growing  more  large,  we  flood  W.  N.  W.  with  a  good 
gale.  About  four  of  the  clock  we  faw  a  whale,  who  lay  juft 
in  our  mips  way,  the  bunch  of  his  back  about  a  yard  above 
water  ;  he  would  not  fwim  up,  fo  we  paffed  within  a  flones 
call  of  him  as  he  lay  fpouting  up  water. 

The  wind  flill  S.  W.    a  good  gale,  but  clofe  weather  and  Lord'sday 
(bme  rain,  we  held  on  our  courfe  W.  N.  W.  about  9  it  cleared        9. 
up,    and  towards  night  a  great  fog  for  an  hour  or  two.     We 
were  now  in  44  1-2  N.  Lat.  and  a  little  weft  of  Cowes. 

The  wind    S.  S.  W.  a  good  gale   and  fair  weather,  fo  we  Mond.io, 

flood 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1630.  flood  W.  and  by  N.  four  or  five  leagues  a  watch,  all  this  day. 
The  wind  increafed  and  was  a  great  itorm  all  the  night.  About 
midnight  cur  Rear- Admiral  put  forth  two  lights,  whereby  we 
tnew  that  fome  mifchance  had  befallen  her.  «  We  anfwered  her 
with  two  lights  again,  and  came  up  to  her,  fo  near  as  we  durfl 
(for  the  fea  went  very  high) and  fhe  lay  by  the  lee,  but  fhe  had 
broken  fome  of  her  fhrouds.  Having  hailed  her,  we  learnt  fhe 
had  fprung  a  leak,  fo  we  went  a  little  a  head  of  her,  and  bring- 
ing our  forefail  a  back  flays,  we  ftayed  for  her,  and  about  two 
hours  after  fhe  filled  her  fails,  and  we  flood  our  courfe  together, 
but  our  Captain  went  not  to  reft,  till  four  of  the  clock,  and 
fome  others  of  us  flept  but  little  that  night.—*- 

The  florm  continued  all  this  day,  till  three  in  the  afternoon, 
and  the  fea  went  very  high,  fo  as  our  fhip  could  make  no  way, 
being  able  to  bear  no  more  but  our  mainfail  about  midmaft 
high.  At  three  there  fell  a  great  florm  ofrain,we  layed  to  the 
wind,  and  the  wind  fhifting  into  the  W.  we  tacked  and  flood 
into  the  hard  fea,  to  avoid  the  rolling  of  our  fhip,  and  by  that 
means  we  made  no  way,  the  fea  beating  us  back  as  much  as 
the  wind  put  us  forward.  We  had  flill  cold  weather,  and  our 
people  were  fo  acquainted  with  fhowers,  as  they  were  not  fick, 
nor  troubled,  tho  we  were  much  tofled  48  hours  together,  viz. 
24  during  the  florm,  and  as  long  the  next  night  and  day 
following. 

Wed.  12.  When  we  lay  as  it  were  ahull,  for  want  of  wind,  and  rolling 
continually  in  a  high  grown  fea.  This  day  was  cloie  and  rai- 

Complaint  was  made  to  our  Captain  of  fome  injury  that  one 
of  the  under  officers  of  the  fhip  had  done  to  one  of  our 
Jandmen.  He  called  him  and  examined  the  caufe,  and  com- 
manded  him  to  be  tied  up  by  the  hands,  and  a  weight  to  be 
hanged  about  his  neck  ;  but  at  the  interceffipn  of  the  Gover- 
nor, with  fome  difficulty,  he  recalled  his  punifhment.  At 
night  the  wind  blew  at  S.  and  by  E.  a  handfome  gale,  with 
rain,  fo  we  put  forth  our  fails  and  flood  W.  and  by  S. 

Thurf.l3.  Towards  morning  the  wind  came  to  the  S.  Weflerly,  with 
clofe  weather  and  a  ftrong  gale,  fo  as  before  noon  we  took  in 
our  topfails,  the  Rear- Admiral  having  fplit  her  fore-topfail, 
and  we  flood  W.  foutherly. 

Frjd.  14.  The  wind  W.  S.  W.  thick  foggy  weather,  and  in  the  af- 
ternoon rainy.  We  flood  W.  and  by  S.  and  after  W.  and  by 
N.  about  5  leagues  a  watch.  We  were  in  44  1-2  N.  Lat.  the 
iun  fet  N.  W.  and  by  N.  1-3  Notherly,  and  towards  night 
we  flood  W. 

Th« 


JOURNAL,  ij 

THe  wind  Weflerly  all  this  day,  fair  weather,    we  tacked      1630. 
twice  to  imall  purpoie.  \        v    ~J 

As  the  1 5th  was.  Sat.  1.5. 

The  wind  at  SI,  a  fine  gale  and  fair  weather.  We  flood  W.  L.Dayi6, 
and  by  S.  We  few  a  great  drift,  fo  we  hove  out  our  fluff,  and  Mond.i7. 
it  proved  a  firr  log,  which  feemed  to  have  been  many  years  in 
the  water,  for  it  was  all  overgrown  with  barnicles  and  other 
trafh.  We  founded  here  and  found  no  groiwd^at  100  fathom 
and  more.  We  faw  two  whales.  About  9  at  night  the  wind 
grew  very  flrong  at  S.  W.  and  continued  fo  with  much  rain 
till  one  of  the  clock,  then  it  ceafed  raining,  but  the  wind 
came  round  to  the  W".  with  more  violence.  In  this  florin  we 
were  forced  to  take  in  all  our  fails  fa  valour  mainfail,  and  to 
lower  that  fo  much  as  we  could. 

In  the  morning  the  wind  flacked,  but  we  could  fland  no  Twef.  1$. 
nearer  our  courfe  than  N.  and  we  had  much  wind  all  this  day. 
In  the  afternoon  we  tacked  and  flood  S.  and  by  E.  Towards 
night  our  Rear  Admiral  being  near  two  leagues  to  leeward  of 
us,  we  came  up,  and  drawing  near  her,  we  defcried  fcarce 
two  leagues  mare  to  leeward  two  mips,  which  we  conceived 
were  thofetwoof  Captain  Kirk's,  which  parted  from  us  in  the 
ftorm,  May  2d.  We  had  flili  cold  weather. 

The  windS  S.W.  clofe  and  rainy,  little  wind.  We  tack-  Wed.  19* 
cd  again  and  flood  W.  but  about  noon  the  wind  came  full  W, 
a  very  flrong  gale,  fo  we  tacked  again  and  flood  N.  and  by  E. 
and  at  night  we  took  off  our  main  bonnet,  and  took  in  all  our 
fails,  faveour  main  courfe,  and  mizzen.  We  were  now  in  44* 
13.  and  by  our  account  in  the  midway  between  the  falfe  back 
and  the  main  back.  All  this  night  a  great  florm  at  W.  and 
by  N. 

The  florm  continued  all  this  day,  the  wind  as  it  was,  and  Thurf.za. 
rainy.  In  the  forenoon  we  carried  our  forecourfe  and  flood 
W.  S.  W.  but  in  the  afternoon  we  took  it  in>  the  wind  in- 
creating  and  the  fea  grown  very  high,  and  lying  with  the  helm 
a  wea.ther,  we  made  no  way  but  as  the  fhip  drove.  We  had 
flill  cold  weather. 

In  the  great  cabbin  at  9  at  night,  &c.  and  the  next  day  a-      Faft. 
gain,  Sec.     The  florm  continued  all  this  night. 

The  wind  ilill  N.  W.  little  wind  and  clofe  weather.  We  Frid.  21, 
ftood  S.W.  with  all  our  fails,  but  made  little  way,  and  at 
night  it  was  a  Hill  calm.  A  fervant  of  one  of  our  company 
had  bargained  with  a  child  to  fell  him  a  box  worth  3d.  for 
three  bifcuits  a  day  all  the  voyage,  and  had  received  about 
40,  and  had  fold  them  and  many  more  to  fome  other  fervants, 

We 


14 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 


1630.      We  caufed  his  hands  to  be  tied  up  to  a  bar,  and  hung  a  bafket 
'  with  ftones  about  his  neck,  and  fo  he  ftood  two  hours. 


Sa£.  22.  The  wind  S.  S.  W.  much  wind  and  rain.  Our-fpritfail  lay 
fo  deep  in  as  it  was  fplit  in  pieces  with  a  hard  lea  at  the  in- 
ftant  as  our  Captain  was  going  forth  of  his  cabbin  very  early 
in  the  morning  to  give  orders  to  take  it  in.  It  was  a  great 
mercy  of  God,  that  it  did  fplit,  for  otherwife  it  had  endan- 
gered the  breaking  of  our  bowfprit,  and  topmaft  at  leaft,  and 
then  we  had  had  no  other  way  but  to  have  returned  for  Eng- 
land, except  the  wind  had  come  eaft. 

About  10  in  the  morning  in  a  very  great  fret  of  wind,  it 
chopt  fuddenly  into  the  W.  as  it  had  done  divers  times  before, 
and  fo  continued  with  a  fmall  gale  and  ftood  N.  and  by  W. 
About  4  in  the  afternoon  there  arofe  a  fudden  ftorm  of  wind 
and  rain,  fo  violent  as  we  had  not  a  greater.  It  continued 
thick  and  boifterous  all  the  night.  About  7  we  defcried  a  fail 
a  head  of  us  towards  the  N.  and  byE.  which  ftood  towards  us. 
Our  Captain  fuppofing  it  might  be  our  Vice  Admiral,  hoifted 
up  his  main-fail  which  before  was  ftruck  down  aboard,  and 
came  up  to  meet  her,  when  we  drew  near  her  we  put  forth 
our  enfign,  and  (he  tuffled  up  to  get  the  wind  of  us,  but  when 
fhe  faw  me  could  not  fhe  bore  up,  and  hoifting  up  her  forefail, 
ftood  away  before  the  wind,  yet  we  made  all  the  figns  we 
could,  that  we  meant  her  no  harm,  but  me  would  not  hail  us. 
She  was  within  (hot  of  us,  fo  as  we  perceived  fhe  was  a  fmall 
Frenchman  which  we  did  fuppofe  had  been  driven  off  the 
bank :  when  (he  was  clear  of  us  fhe  ftood  her  courfe  again, 
and  we  ours.  This  day  at  12  we  made  obfervation  and  were 
about  43  but  the  ftorm  put  us  far  to  the  N.  again ;  Hill  cold 
weather. 

JL.day  23.       Much  wind,  ftili  Wefterly,  and  very  cold  weather. 

Mond.24*  The  wind  N.  W.and  by  N.  a  handfome  gale,  and  clofe  wea- 
ther and  very  cold,  we  ftood  S.  W.  About  noon  we  had  occa- 
ilon  to  lie  by  the  lee  to  ftraighten  our  mizzen  fhrouds,  and  the 
Rear  Admiral  and  Jewel  being  both  to  windward  of  us,  bore 
up  and  came  under  our  lee  to  enquire  if  any  thing  were  amifs 
with  us,  fo  we  heard  the  company  was  in  health  in  the  Jewel, 
but  that  two  paffengers  were  dead  in  the  Ambrofe,  and  one 
other. 

Tucf,  25.  The  wind  ftill  N.  W.  fair  weather  but  cold.  We  went  on 
with  a  handfome  gale,  at  noon  were  in  43  1-2— and  the  va- 
riation of  the  compafs  was  a  point  and  half.  All  this  day 
:wc  ftood  W.  S.  W.  about  5  or  6  leagues  a  watch,  and  towards 

night 


JOURNAL. 


*S 


night  the  wind  enlarged,  with  a  cold  dam  of  fnowy  rain,  and      1630. 
then  we  came  in  a  fmooth  fea  about  8  or  9  leagues  a  watch,  •    — y—  _f 
and  flood  due  Weft. 

The  wind  Hill  N.  W.  a  good  gale   and  fair   weather,  but  Wed.  26. 
very  cold  ftill,  yet  we  were  about  43.     At  night  we  founded, 
but  found  no  ground. 

The  wind  N.  W.  a  handfome  gale,  fair  weather.  About  Thurf.27* 
noon  it  came  about  to  the  S.  W.  and  at  night  rain,  with  a 
ftiffgale,  and  it  continued  to  rain  very  hard  'till  it  was  near 
midnight.  This  day  our  IkifF  went  aboard  the  Jewel  for  a 
hogfhead  of  water  which  we  borrowed,  becaufe  we  could  not 
come  by  our  own,  and  there  came  back  in  the  fluff  the  mafter 
of  the  Jewel  and  Mr.  Nowell,  fo  our  Captain  flayed  them  to 
dinner  and  fent  for  Capt.  Love,  and  about  two  hours  after 
dinner,  they  went  aboard  their  own  mips,  our  Capt.  giving 
Mr.  Nowell  three  fhot,  becaufe  he  was  one  of  the  owners  of 
our  fhip.  We  underftood  now  that  the  two  Which  died  in  the 
Ambrofe  were  Mr.  Cradock's  fervants  who  were  fick  when 
they  came  to  fea  ;  and  one  of  them  mould  have  been  left  at 
Cowes  if  any  hoft  would  have  received  htm.  In  the  Jewel  al- 
fo  one  of  the  feamen  died  ;  he  was  a  moft  profane  fellow,  and 
one  who  was  very  injurious  to  the  paffengers,  'tho  much  a- 
gainft  the  will  of  the  mafter.  At  noon  we  tacked  about  and 
flood  W.  and  by  N.  and  fo  continued  moft  part  of  that  day 
and  night  following,  and  had  much  rain  till  midnight. 

In  the  morning  the  wind  veered  to  the  W.  yet  we  had  a  Frid,  2&» 
ftiffgale  and  fleered  N.  W.  and  by  N.  It  was  fo  great  a  fog 
all  this  day,  as  we  had  loft' fight  ofoifeof  our  mips,  and  faw 
the  other  fome  leagues  to  leeward  :  We  had  many  fine  mow- 
ers of  rain  throughput  this  day.  At  night  the  wind  cleared 
up,  and  we  faw  both  our  confer ts  fair  by  us  ;  fo  the  wind  be- 
ing very  fcant,  we  tacked  and  flood  W.  and  by  S.  A  child 
was  born  in  the  Jewel  about  this  time. 

The  wind  N.  W.  a  ftiif  gale  and  fair  weather,  but  very  Sat.  29* 
cold.     In  the  afternoon  full  N.  and  towards  night  N.  and  by 
E.  fo  we  flood  W. 

The  wind  N.  and  by  E.  a  handfome  gale,  but  clofe  L.day^ 
inifty  weather,  and  very 'cold,  foour  ihip  made  good  way  in 
*  fmooth  fea,  and  our  three  mips  kept  clofe  together.  By  our 
account  we  were  in  the  fame  meridian  with  Ifle  Sable,  and 
42  1-2. — 

Wind  N.  W.   a   fmall  gale,  clofe   and   cold  weather,  we  Mond.jl* 
founded  but  had   no  ground.    About  noon  the  wind  came  N. 
and  by  E,  a  ftiff  conftant  gale  and  fair  weather,  fo  our  (hip's  way 

waa 


GOVERNOR   WINTHROP's 


1630. 


June  i . 
Tuefday. 


. 

Wed.    2. 


Thurf.  3, 


Frid.  4. 

/ 
\ 

Sat.  5. 

L.  day  6. 


was  7,  8,  and  fometimes  12  leagues  a  watch.  This  day  abouf 
,5  at  night  we  expecled  the  eclipfe,  but  there  was  not  any,  the' 
fun  being  fair  and  clear  from  three  'till  it  fet. 

The  wind  N.  E.  a  fin  all  gale,  with  fair  clear  weather  ;  in 
the  afternoon  full  S.  and  towards  night  a  good  gale.  We 
flood  W.  and  by  N.  A  woman  in  our  fhip  fell  in  travail,  and 
we  fent  and  had  a  midwife  out  of  the  Jewel.  She  was  fo  far 
a  head  of  us  at  this  time  (tho'  uftfally  we  could  fpare  her  fome 
fail)  as  we  (hot  off  a  gun  and  lower'd  our  topfails,  and  then 
fhe  trailed  her  fails  and  ftayed  for  us.  ']  his  evening  we  faw 
the  new  moon  more  than  half  an  hour  after  funfet,  being  much 
(mailer  than  it  is  at  any  time  in  England. 

The  wind  S.  S.  W.  a  handfome  gale,  very  fair  weather, 
but  ftill  cold  ;  in  the  evening  a  great  fog.  We  ftood  W.  and 
by  N.  and  W.  N.  W.  Our  Captain  fuppofing  us  now  to  be 
near  the  N.  coaft,  and  knowing  that  to  the  S.  there  were  dan- 
gerous {hoals,  fitted  on  a  new  main-fail,  that  was  very  ftrong 
and  double,  and  would  not  adventure  with  his  old  fails  as  be- 
fore when  he  had  fea-room  enough. 

The  wind  S.and  by  W.  a  good  Heady  gale,  and  we  ftotid  W. 
and  by  N.  The  fog  continued  very  thick,  and  fome  rain 
with  all.  We  founded  in  the  morning  and  again  at  noon, 
and  had  no  ground  ;  we  founded  again  about  two,  afternoon, 
and  had  ground  about  80  fathom,  a  fine  greyfand,  fo  we  pre- 
fently  tacked  and  ftood  S.  S.  E.  and  fhot  off  a  piece  of  ord- 
liance  to  give  notice  to  our  conforts  whom  we  faw  not  fince 
laft  evening.  The  fog  Continued  all  this  night,  and  a  fteady 
gale  at  S.  W. 

About  4  in  the  morning  we  tacked  again  (the  wind  S.  W.) 
and  ftood  W.  N.  W.  The  fog  continued  all  this  day,  fo  as 
we  could  not  fee  a  {tones  caft  from  us ;  yet  the  fun  fhonfe  very 
bright  all  the  day.  We  founded  every  two  hours,  but  had  no 
ground.  At  night  we  tacked  again  and  ftood  S. 

In  the  morning  the  wind  came  to  the  N.  E.  a  handfome 
gale,  and  the  fog  was  difperfed,  fo  we  ftood  before  the  wind 
W.  and  by  N.  all  the  afternoon  being  rainy.  At  night  we 
founded,  but  had  no  ground.  In  the  great  cabin  thankfgiv- 
ing. 

It  rained  moft  part  of  this  night,  yet  our  Gapt.  kept  abroad, 
and  was  forced  to  come  in  in  the  night  to  fhift  his  cloaths.  We 
founded  every  half  watch  but  had  no  ground. 

The  wind  N.  E.  and  after  N.  a  good  gale,  but  ftill  foggy  at 
times  and  cold.  We  ftood  W.  N.  W.  both  to  make  Cape  Sable, 
if  we  might,  and  alfo  becaafe  of  the  current,  which,  near  the 
W.  fhore,  fets  to  the  S.  that  we  might  be  the  more  clear  from 

the 


JOURNAL.  j. 

the  fouthern  moals,  viz.  of  Cape  Cod.     About  2  in  the  af-       1630. 
ternoon  we  founded  and  had  ground  at  about  So  fathom,  and  v^— y-^^. 
the  mift  then  breaking  up,  we  fkw  the  ihore  to  the  N.  about  5 
or  6  leagues  off,  arid  were,  as  we  fuppo'ed,   to  the  S.  W.  of 
*  Cape  Sable,  and  in  43  1-4— towards  night  it  calmed  and  was 
foggy  again,  and  the  wind  came  S.  and  by  E.  we  taeked  and 
flood  W.  and  by  N.  intending  to  make  land  at  Aqttawedcus, 
being  to  the  N.  of  the  Ifles  of  Shoals. 

The  wind  S.  About  4  in  the  morning  we  founded  arid  had  McruL  7, 
ground  at  30  fathom,  and  was  fomewhat  calm,  fo  we  put  our. 
fliip  aftays,  and  took,  ill  lefs  than  two  hours,  with  a  few  hooks, 
67  codfifh,  moll  of  them  very  great  fifh,  forrie  a  yard  and  half 
long,  being  a  yard  in  compafs.  This  came  very  feafonablyj 
our  fait  fiih  was  now  fpent,  and  we  were  taking  care  for  vic- 
tuals this  day  (being  a  fiih  day).  After  this  we  fitted  our 
fails  and  flood  W.  N.  W.  with  a  fmall  gale.  The  weather 
was  now  very  cold.  We  founded  at  8  and  had  50  fathom,  and 
being  calm  we  hove"  out  our  hooks  again,  and  took  26  cods* 
fo  we  all  feailed  xvith  fifh  this  day".  A  woman  was  delivered 
of  a  child  in  our  fhip,  ftill  born  :  The  woman  ha^l  divers  chil- 
dren before,  but  none  lived,  and  me  had  fome  rniTchance  now* 
which  caufed  this  to  come  near  a  month  before  her  time,  but 
ihe  did  very  well.  At  one  of  the  clock  we"  had  a  frem  gale 
at  N.  W.  and  very  fair  weather  all  that  afternoon*  and  warm> 
but  the  wind  failed  fodn.  All  the  night  the  wind  was  W.  and 
by  S.  a  ftiffgale,  which  made  us  Iland  to  and  again  with 
fmall  advantage. 

The  wind  ftill  Vvr.  and  by  S.  fair  Weather,  but  clofe  and  Tuef,  8* 
cold.  We  flood  N.  N.  W.  with  a  fliff  gale,  and  about  3  in 
the  afternoon  we  had  fight  of  land  to  the  N.  W.  about  eight 
leagues,  which  vs^fuppofed  was  the  Ifleof  Monhegan>  but  it 
proved  Mount  Manfelle.  Then  we  tacked  and  flood  W.  S.  W* 
We  had  now  fine"fun-fhirie  w^^lR  and  fo  pleafant  a  fcene 
here  as  did  much  refrefh  us,  and  there  came  a  fmell  off  the 
fhore  like  the  fmell  of  a  garden;  There  came  a  wild  pigeon 
into  our  fhip,  and  another  fmall  land-bird. 

In  the  morning  the  wind  Eaflerly,  bat  grew  prefently  calm*  Wedi  $* 
Now  we  had  Very  fair  weather  and  warm :  About  noon  the 
wind  came  to  S.  W.  fo  we  flood  W.  N.  W.  with  a  handfome 
gale,  and  had  the  main  hind  upon  our  ftarboard  all  that  day 
about  8  or  10  leagues  off.  It  is  very  high  land,  lying  in  ma- 
ny hills  very  unequal.  At  night  we  faw  many  fmall  iflands 
(being  low-land)  between  us  and  the  main,  about  £  or  6 
leagues  off  us  ;  and  about  three  leagues  from  us  towards  the 
main,  a  fmall  rock  a  little  above  water,  At  night  we  founded 
C  and 


t*  .  GOVERNOR   WINTHROP's    v 

1630.      and  had  foft  oozy  ground   at  60  fathom  :  fo  the   wind  being- 

\~~*y*<  ~*  now  fet  at  W.  we  tacked  again  and  flood  S.  S.  W.  we  were 
now  in  43  30. — This  high  land  which  we.  faw  we  judged  to 
be  at  the  W,  cape  of  the  great  bay  which  goeth  towards  Port- 
Royal,  called  Mount  Defert  or  Mount  Manfelle,  and  noif- 
land,  but  part  of  the  main.  In  the  night  the  wind  fhifted 
often, 

Thurf.  10.  In  the  morning  the  wind  S.  and  by  W.  till  5, — in  the  morn- 
ing a  thick  fog ;  then  it  cleared  up  with  fine  weather,  but 
fomewhat  clofe.  After  we  had  run  for  10  leagues  W,  by  S. 
we  loft  fight  of  the  former  land,  but  made  other  high  land  on 
our  itarboard  as  far  off  as  we  could  defcry,  but  we  loft  it  again. 
The  wind  continued  all  this  day  at  S.  a  ftiff  fteady  gale,  yet 
we  bore  all  our  fails  and  flood  W.  S.  W.  About  4  in  the  af- 
ternoon we  made  land  on  our  ftarboard  bow,  called  the  Three 
Turks  Heads,  being  a  ridge  of  three  hills  upon  the  main, 
whereof  the  Southermcft  is  the  greateft  :  It  lies  near  Aquawe- 
ticus.  We  defcried  alfo  another  hill  more  northward,  which 
lies  by  Cape  Porpus.  We  faw  alfo  ahead  of  us,  fearce  four 
*  called  leagues  from  more,  a  fmall  rock  *  not  above  a  flight  (hot,  over 

Bonnelfle  which  hath  a  dangerous  fhoal  to  the  E.  and  by  S.  of  it,  fome 
two  leagues  in  length :  We  kept  our  left  and  weathered  it, 
and  left  it  on  our  ftarboard  about  two  miles  off.  Towards  night 
we  might  fee  the  trees  in  all  places  very  plainly  and  a  fmall 
hill  to  the  Southward  of  the  Turks  Heads.  All  the  reft  of  the 
land  to  the  S.  was  plain  low  land  ;  Here  we  had  a  fine  frefh 
fmell  from  more.  Then  left  we  mould  not  get  clear  of  the 
,  ledge  of  rocks  which  lay  under  water  from  within  a  flight  mot 
of  the  faid  rock,  called  Bonne  Ifle,  which  we  had  now  bronght 
N.  E.  from  us  towards  Pifcataquac,  we  tacked  and  flood  S.  E. 
with  a  ftiff  gale  at  S.  and  by  W. 

Jrid.  IF.  The  wind  dill  S.  W.-  clofe  weather  ;  we  ftood  to  and  again 
all  this  day  within  fight  of  Gape  Anne.  The  Ifles  of  Shoals 
were  now  within  two  leagues  of  us,  and  we  faw  a  Ihip  lie  there 
at  anchor,  and  5  or  6  fhallops  under  fail  up  and  down.  We 
took  many  mackarel,  and  metamallop  which  ftood  from  Cape 
Anne  towards  the  Ifles  of  Shoals,  which  belonged  to  fome  Eng- 
Km  riihermen, 

Sat.  12.  About  4  in  the  morning  we  were  near  our  port :  We  fhot 
ofF two  pieces  of  ordnance,  and  fent  our  fkifr"  to  Mr.  Pierce  his 
ihip  which  lay  in  the  harbour,  and  had  been  here  days 

before.     About  an  hour  after,  Mr.  Allerton  came  aboard  us  in 
a  mailop  as  he  was  failing  to  Penaquid.     As  we  flood  towards 
the  harbour  we  faw  another  ftiallop  coming  to  us,  fo  we   ftood 
,     in  to  meet  her,  and  paffed  thro  the  narrow  {height  between 

"  Baker's 


JOURNAL.  ,9 

Baker's  Ifle  and  Little  Ifle,  and  came  to  an  anchor  a  little      1630. 
within  the  IfUnd.  *_  -^_   _f 

After  Mr.  Pierce  came  aboard  us,  and  returned  to  fetch 
Mr.  Endicott,  who  came  to  us  about  2  of  the  clock,  and  with 
him  Mr.  Shelton  and  Capt.  Levett.  We  that  were  of  the  af- 
iiftants,  and  fome  other  gentlemen,  and  fome  of  the  women 
and  our  Captain,  returned  with  them  to  *  Nahumkeck,  where  *  Salem- 
we  lupped  on  a  good  venifon  paftry  and  good  beer,  and  at 
night  we  returned  to  our  Ihip,  but  fome  of  the  women  ftayed 
behind.  In  the  morning  the  reft  of  the  people  went  on  Ihore 
upon  the  land  off  Cape  Anne,  which  lay  very  near  us,  to  ga- 
ther ftore  of  ftrawberries.  An  Indian  came  aboard  us  and  lay 
here  all  night. 

In  the  morning  the   Sagamore  of  Agawam  and  one  of  his  Sand-  ij. 
men  came  aboard  our  Ihip  and  ftayed  with  us  all  day.     About 
2  in  the  afternoon  we  defcried  the  Jewel,    fo  we  manned  out 
our  fluff  and  wafted  them  in,  and  they  went  as  near  the  har- 
bour as  the  tide  and  wind  would  fuffer. 

In  the  morning  early  we  weighed  anchor,  and  the  wind  be-  Mond,  14; 
Ing  againft  us,  and  the  channel  fo  narrow  as  we  could  not  well 
turn  in  ;  we  warped  in  our  fhip  and  came  to  an  anchor  in  the 
inward  harbour.     In  the  afternoon  we  went  with  the  moft  of, 
our  company  on  more,  and  our  Capt.  gave  us  5  pieces. 

We  went  to  Mattachufetts,  to  find  out  a  place  for  our  fit-  Thurf.i7« 
ting  down.     We  went  up  Miftick  river  about  fix  miles.     We 
lay  at  Mr.  Maverick's,  and  returned  home  on  Saturday.     As 
we  came  home,  we  came  by  Natalkott  and  fent  for  Capt.  Squibb     >s 
afhore.     He  had  brought  the  Weft-country  people,  viz.  Mr. 
Ludiow,  Mr.  Roffeter,  Mr.  Maverick,  and  ended  a  difference 
between  him  and  the  paffengers,  whereupon  he  fent  his   boat 
to  his  {hip  (the  Mary  and  John)  and  at  our  firing  gave  us  five 
pieces.     At  our  return  we  found  the  Ambrofe  in  the  harbour 
at  Salem. 

The  Mayflower  and  the  Whale  arrived  fafe  in  y  Charlton'  July  i. 
harbour.     Their  paffengers  were  all  in  health,  but  moft   of  Thudcla/ 
their  cattle  dead  (whereof  a  mare  and  horfe  of  mine)   fome 
few  horfes  came  over  in  good  plight. 

The  Talbott  arrived  here  ;  (he  had  loft  I4panengers.  July  2. 

My  fon  Henry  Winthrop,  was  drowned  at  Salem.  Frid. 

The  Hopewell,  and  William  and  Francis  arrived.  Sat,  3. 

The  Trial  arrived  at  Charlton,  and  the  Charles  at  Salem.      Mond.  5. 

The  Succefs  arrived ;  (he  had  goats  and  loft  of  Tuef.  6. 

them,  and  many  of  her  paffengers  were  near  ftarved,  &c. 

The  Lyon  went  back  to  Salem.  Wed.  7. 

We  kept  a  day  of  Thankfgiving  in  all  the  plantations.          Thurf.  8 

Captain. 


?•  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP»s 

1650,          Captain    Endicott  and  — —  Gibfon  were  married  by  the 
e— -v—— »  Governor  and  Mr.  Wilfon. 

Thur..  i  8.       The  French  ihip  called  the  Guide  came  into  the  harbour  at 
Aug.  20.    Charlton,  fhe  had  been  12  weeks  at  lea  and  loll  one  paffenger 
Sat.         and  12  goats  ;  fhe  delivered  fix. 

Monday  we  kept  a  Court. 

JFrid.  27.  We  of  the  congregation  Uept  a  faft,  and  cr^ofe  Mr-  Wilfon 
pur  teacher  and  Mr.  JSewell  an  ek  er,  and  Mr.  Gager  and  Mr. 
Afpenwall,  deacons.  We  ufed  impofition  of  hands,  but  with 
this  protefiatjon  by  all  that  it  was  only  as  a  fign  of  election  and 
confirmation,  npt  of  any  intent  that  Mr.  Wilfon  fhould  re- 
nounce his  money  he  received  in  England. 
Sept.  so.  Mr  Gager  died. 

.  About  2  in  the  morning,  Mr.  Jfaac  Johnfcn,  died  ;  hjs  wife  the 
Jady  Arabella  oi  the  hcuie  of  Lincoln,  being  dead  about  one 
jponth,  beiore.  He  was  a  holy  man,  and  wife,  and  died  in. 
iweet  peace,  leaving  feme  part  of  his  fubilance  to  the  colony, 

The  wolyes  killed  fix  calves  at  Salem,  and  they  killed  one 
wolf. 

Thomas  Morton  adjudged  to  be  imprifoned  till  he  were  fent 
jnto  Jingland,  and  his  houfe  burnt  down  for  his  many  inju- 
ries offered  to  the  Indians,  and  other  mifJemeanors,  Captain 
Bropks,  mailer  of  the  Gift,  refuted  to  carry  him. 

French  of  Watertown  had  his  wigwam  burnt  and  all  his 
goods.  Billigton  executed  at  Plimouth  for  murdering  one. 

Mr.  Philips,,  Minifter  of  Watertown,  and  others,  had  their 
hay  burnt. 

The  wolves  killed  fome  fwine  at  Saugus :  a  cow  died  at  Ply- 
mouth, and  a  goat  atBoilon  with  eating  Indian  corn. 
pfl.   23.         Jvlr.  Roileter  one  of  the  aifiitants  died. 

25.  Jvlr.  Cplburne,  who  was  chofen  deacon  by  the  congregation 

a  week  before,  was  inverted  by  impofition  of  hands  of  the  Mi- 
njfter  and  elder, 

The  Governor,  upon  confideration  of  the  inconveniences 
which  had  grown  in  England  by  drinking  one  to  another,  re- 
drained  it  at  his  own  table,  and  wifhed  others  to  do  the  like, 
fo  as  if  grew  by  little  and  little  to  difufe. 

29.  The  Handmaid  arrived  at  Plimouth,  having  been  12  weeks 

at  fea,  and  fpent  all  her  mails,  and  of  28  cows  fhe  left  10, 
She  had  about  60  paiTengers  who  came  all  well.  John  Grant, 
jpafter,  Mr.  GofFe  wrote  me  that  his  (hipping  this  year  had 
utterly  undone  him. 

4\Toy.  II.        The  mailer  came  to  Bofton  with  Captain  Standiih  asd  twa 
gentlemen  pairengers  who  came  to  plant  here,  but  having  n»  - 
we  would  not  receive  theni. 


JOURNAL.  21 

Firmin  of  Watertown  had  his  wigwam  burnt.     Divers  had      1630. 
their  hay-flacks  burnt  by  burning  the  grafs.  '  — T—  _* 

Three  of  the  Governor's  Servants  were  from  this  day  to  27 
the  i  ft  December  abroad  in  their  fkiff  among  th^  Iflands  in 
bitter  frofl  and  fnow,  being  kept  from  home  by  the  N.  W. 
wind,  and  without  victuals :  at  length  they  got  to  Mount 
Woollaflon,  and  left  their  boat  there,  and  came  home  by 
land — Laus  Deo. 

The  Governor  and  mofl  cf  the  affiflants  and  others  met  at  Dec.  6, 
Roxbury,  and  there  agreed  to  build  a  town  fortified  upon  the 
neck  between  that  and  Boilon,  and  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  confider  of  all  things  requifite,  &c. 

The  committee  met  at  Roxbury,  and  upon  further  confe- 
deration, forreafons,  it  was  concluded,  that  we  could  not  have 
a  town  in  the  place  aforefaid.  I.  Becaufe  men  would  be  for- 
ced to  keep  two  families.  2.  There  was  no  running  water, 
and  if  there  were  any  Spring's  they  would  not  fuffice  the  town. 
3.  The  moftpart  of  the  people  had  built  already,  and  would 
not  be  able  to  build  again  :  fo  we  agreed  to  meet  at  Water- 
town  that  day  fen'night,  and  in  the  mean  time  other  places 
ftiould  be  viewed, 

Capt.  Neale  and  three  other  gentlemen  came  hither  to  us, 
he  came  in  the  bark  Warwich  this  fummer  to  Pifcataqua,  fent 
as  Governor  there  for  Sir  Ferdinand  Georges  and  others. 

We  met  again  at   Watertowta,  and   here,  upon  view   of  a         21 
place  a  mile  beneath  the  town,  all  agreed  it  a  fit  place    for  a 
beautiful  town,  and  we  took  time  to  confider  further  about  it.  • 

Till  this  time  there  was  for  the  moft  part,  fair  open  weather,  23 
with  gentle  frofts  in  the  night  ;  but  this  day  the  wind  came 
N.  W.  very  ftrong,  and  fome  fnow  withall,  but  focold  as  fome 
haft  their  fingers  frozen,  and  in  danger  to  be  loft.  Three  of  the 
Governor's  fervants  coming  in  a  fhallop  from  Miftick,  were 
driven  by  the  wind  upon  Noddles  Ifland,  and  forced  to  flay 
there  all  that  night,  without  fire  or  food,  yet  thro  God's  mer- 
cy they  came  fare  to  Boflon  next  day,  but  the  fingers  of  two  of 
them  were  bliftered  with  cold,  and  one  fwooned  when  he  came 
to  the  fire. 

The  rivers  are  frozen  up,  and  they  of  Charleflown  could  not        2$ 
come  to  the  fermon  at  Boilon  till  the  afternoon  at  high  water. 
Many  pf  our  cows  and  goats  were  forced  to  be  ilill  aboard  for 
want  of  houfes. 

Richard  Garner  a  (hoc-maker  of  Boflon,  and  one  of  the  con-         2  9> 
gregation  there,  with  one  of  his  daughters  a  young  maid  and 
four  others  went  towards  Plimouth  in  a  fhallop,  agaihfl  the 

advice 


'_ 

zi  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1630.      advice  of  their  friends,  and  about  the  Gurnett's  nofe  the  wind 
*     —  y—  ^f  overblew  fo  much  at  N.  W.  as  they  were  forced  to  come  to  a 
hillock  at  20  fathom,  but  their  boat  drove  and  fhaked  out  the 
ftern  and  they  were  put  to  fea,  and  the  boat  took  in  much  wa- 
ter, which  did  freeze  fo  hard  as  they  could  not  free  her,  fo  they 
gave  themfelve  for  loft,  and  commending  themlelves   to  God, 
they  difpofed  themfelves  to  die,  but  one  of  their  company   ef- 
pying  land  near  Cape  Cod,  they  made  fhift  to  hoifl  up  part  of 
their  fail,  and  by  God's  fpecial  providence  were  carried  thro 
the  rock  to  the  more,  when  fome  got  on   land,  but  fome  had 
their  legs  frozen  into  the  ice,  fo  as  they  were  forced  to  be   cut 
out.     Being  come  on  more  they  kindled  a  fire,  but  having  no 
hatchet,  they  could  get  little  wood,  and  were  forced  to  lie  in 
the  open  air  all  night,  being  extremely  cold.     Jn  the  morning 
two  of  their  company  went  towards  Plimouth,  fuppofing  it  had 
been  within  feven  or  eight  miles,    vyhereas   it  was  near  fifty 
miles  from  them.  By  the  way  they  met  with  two  Indian  fquaws, 
who  coming  home,  told  their  hufbands  that  they  had  met  two 
Englifh  men  :  they  thinking    (as  it  was)    that  they   had  been 
Shipwrecked,  made  after  them,  and  brought  them  back  to  their 
wigwam,    and  entertained  them   kindly,  and  one   of   them 
"went   with  them   the  next   day  to    Plimouth,    and  the  other 
went  to  find  out  their  boat  and  the  reft  of  their  company,  which 
were  feven  miles  off,  and  having  found  them,  he  helped  them 
what  he  could,  and  returned  to -his  wigwam,  and  fetched  them 
a  hatchet,  and  built  them  a  wigwam  and  covered   it,   and    got 
them  wood,  for  they  were  fo  weak  and  frozen,  as  they  could 
not  ftir,  and  Garner  died  about  two  days  after  his  landing,  and 
the  ground  being  fo  frozen  as  they  could   not  dig  his   grave, 
the  Indian  hewed  a  hole  about  half  a  yard  deep,  with  his  hatch- 
et, and  having  lain  the  corps  in  it,  he  laid  over  it  a  great  heap 
of  wood  to  keep  it  from  the  wolves.     By  this  time  the  Gover- 
nor of  Plimouth   had  fent  three  men   to    them   with      pro- 
vifions,    who  being  come,  and  not  able  to  launch  their  boat, 
(which  with  the  itrong  N.  W.  wind  was  driven  up  to  the   high 
water  mark)  the  Indian  returned  to  Plimonth  and  fetched  three 
more,  but  before  they  carne  they  had  launched  their  boat,  and 
with  a  fair    Southerly   wind  were  gotten   to   Plimouth  where 
another  of  their  company  died,  his  flefh  being  mortified  with 
the  froft  ;  and  the  two  who  went  to  wards  Plimouth   died  alfo, 
one  of  them    being  not  able  to  get  hither,    and  the  other  had 
his  feet  fo  frozen  as  he  died  of  it  after.     The  girl  efcaped  beft, 
and  one  Harmer,  a  godly  man  of  the  congregation  of  B.  lay- 
long  under  the  furgeon's  hands,  and  it  was  above  fix  weeks  be- 
fore he  could  get  the  boat  from  Plimouth  ;  and  ia  their  return   ' 

they 


JOURNAL,  * 

tKey  were  much  diftrefled,   yet  their  boat  was -very  well  man-       1631. 
ned,  the  want  whereof  before  wasthecaufe  of  their  lofs.  «....  -•   —  , 

A  houfe  at  Dorchefter  was  burnt  down.  January. 

Mr.  Freeman's  houfe  at  Watertown  was  burned  down, t but  Feb.  u. 
being  in  the  day  time,  his   goods  were  faved.  • 

The   (hip  Lyon,  Mr.  William    Pierce,  matter,  arrived  at          5 
Nantafket.   She  brought  Mr.  Williams  a  godly  man,  with  his     , 

wife,  Mr.  Throgmorton, Perkins, Augre   and  others 

with  their  wives  and  children,  about  twenty  pafTengers,  and 
about  200  tons  of  goods.  She  fet  fail  from  Briftol,  Decem- 
ber i  ft.  me  had  a  very  tempeftuous  paffage,  yet  through  God's  ' 
mercy,  all  their  people  came  fafe,  except  Way e,  hisfon,  who 
fell  from  the  fpritfail  yard  in  a  tempeft,  and  could  not  be  re- 
covered, tho  he  kept  in  fight,  near  a  quarter  of  an  hour  :  her 
goods  came  alfo  in  good  condition. 

The  Governor  went  aboard  the  Lyon  riding  by Long-Iiland.          8 

The  Lyon  came  to  anchor  before  Bofton,  where  me  rode  ve-         9 
ry  well,  notwithftanding  the  great  drift  of  ice. 

The  froft  broke  up,  and  after  that  tho  we  had  many  ftorms  IO 
and  fharp  froft,  yet  they  continued  not,  neither  were  the  wa- 
ters frozen  upas  before.  And  it  hath  been  obferved  ever  fince 
this  bay  was  planted  by  the  Englifh,  viz,  feven  years,  that  at 
this  day  the  froft  hath  broken  up  every  year.  The  poorer  fort 
of  people  who  lay  long  in  tents,  &c.  were  much  afflicted  with 
the  fcurvy,  and  many  died,  efpecially  at  Bofton  and  Charlef- 
town  ;  but  when  this  fhip  came  and  brought  us  good  ftores  of 
juice  of  lemons,  many  recovered  fpeedily..  It  hath  been  al- 
ways obferved,  that  fuch  as  fell  into  difc'ontent,  and  lingered 
after  their  former  condition  in  England,  fell  into  the  fcurvy 
and  died. 

Captain  Weldon,  a  hopeful  young  gentleman  and  a  experi-         18 
cnced  foldier,  died  at  Charleftown  of  a  confumption,  and  was 
buried  at  Bofton,  with  a  military  funeral. 

Of  the  elder  planters  and  fuch  as  came  the  year  before,  there 
were  but  two,  and  thofe  fervants,  which  had  the  fcurvy  in  all 
the  country.  At  Plimouth  not  one  had  it,  nor  out  of  thoftf 
who  came  this  year  (whereof  there  were  above  fixty) .  Where- 
as at  their  firft  planting  time  near  the  half  of  their  people  died 
of  it. 

A  mallop  of  Mr.  Glover's  was  caft  away  Upon  the  rocks, 
about  Nahant,  but  the  men  were  faved.  , 

Of  thofe  which  went  back  in  the  (hips  this  fommer,  for  fear 
of  death  or  famine,  &c.  many  died  by  the  way  and  after  they 
were  landed,  and  others  fell  very  fick  and  lean,  &c. 

?  Ambrofc,  whereof  Captain   Love  was  mafter,  being1 

new 


24  GOVERNOR   WfKTHROP'i 

163 1.  new  mafled  at  Charleftown,  fpent  all  her  matfs  near  NewfoundU 
V»  v  M  >•>  land,  and  had  periled,  if  Mr.  Pierce,  in  the  Lypn,  whd 
was  her  conlort,  had  not  towed  her  home  toBriftol.  Of  the 
other  fliips  which  returned,  3,  viz.  the  Charles,  the  Succefs, 
and  the  Whale,  were  fet  upon  by  Dunkirkers,  near  Plimouth 
in  England,  and  after  a  long  fight,  having  loft  many  men, 
and  being  much  torn,  efpecially  the  Charles,  they  got  into 
Plimouth. 

Tonnage        The  provision  which  came  to  us  this  year,  came  at  exceffivt* 
was  at     rates,  in  regard  ot  the  dearnefs  of  corn  in  England,  fo  as  eve- 
£.6  ii.    ry  bnfliel  of, wheat  meal  flood  us  in  fourteen  failliags,  peafe 
eleven  and  fix-pence,  &c. 

22  We  held  a  day  of  thankfgiving  for  this   mi  's   arrival,    by 
order  from  the  Governor  and  Council  direded  to  all  the  plan- 

•    tations. 

March  1 6.  About  noon  the  chimney  of  Mr. Sharp's  houfe*  in  Bofion  took 
fire  (the  fplinters  being  not  clayed  at  the  top)  and  taking  the 
thatch  burnt  it  down,  and  the  wind  being  N.  W.  drove  the 
fire  to  Mr.  Colburne's  houfe,  being  rods  off,  and  burnt 
that  down  alfo,  yet  they  faved  moft  of  their  goods. 

23  Chickatabot  came  with  his  fannops  and  and  fquaws,  and  pre- 
fented  the  Governor  with  a  bufhel  of  Indian  corn.     After  they 
had  all  dined  and  had  each  a  fmall  cup  of  facke  and  beer,  and 
the  men  tobacco,  he  lent  away  all  his  men  and  women,  tho  the 
Governor  would  have  itayed  them,  in  regard    to  the  rain   and 
thunder  ;  himfelf  and  one  fquavv    and   one    fannop  ftayed  al! 
night,  and  being  in  Englifh  clothes,  the  Gov.  fet  them  at  his 
own  table,  where  he  behaved  himfelf  as  foberly,  &c.  as  anEn- 

S'ilhman.     The  next  day  after  dinner  he   returned  here,  the 
overnor  giving  him  cheefe  and  peafe  and  a   mug  and  fome 
other  fmali  things. 

26  John  Sagamore  and  James  his  brother,  with  divers  fannops 

came  to  the  Governor  to  defire  his  letter   for  recovery  of  20 
beaver  fkins  which  one  Watts  in  England  had  forced   him    of. 
.   .  The  Governor  entertained  them  Icindly  and  gave  them  his  let- 

ter with  directions  to  Mr.  Dunning  in  England  &c. 

The  night  before  alarm  was  given  in  divers  of  the  planta- 
tions ;  it  arofe  thro  the  mooting  off  fome  pieces  at  Watertown 
by  occafion  of  a  calf  which  had  loft,  and  the  foldiers 

were  fent  cut  with  their  pieces  to  fearch  the  wilds  from  thence 
till  they  might  find  it.  , 

^9  Sir  Richard  Saltonftall  and  his  two  daughters  and  one  of  his 

younger  fons  (his  two  eldeft  fons  remained  ftill  in  the  country) 
came  down  to  Bollon  and  ftayed  that  night  at  the  Governors, 
and  the  next  morning  by  7  of  the  clock,  accompanied  with  Mr. 

Pierce 


JOURNAL,  2 

Kercfc  and  others   in   two  mallops,    they  departed   to  go  to       1631. 
their  fhip  riding  at  Salem  [This  fhip  fet  fail  from  Salem  April  u-b-^y-*^, 
i,  and  arrived  at  London,  all  fafe,  April  29].  The  Governor 
gave  them  three  ducks  at  their  fetting  fail,  the  wind  being  N. 
W.    a  fliff  gale  and   full  fea.     Mr.   Sharpe  went  away  at 
the    fame  time  in  another  ihallop. 

About  loof  the  clock  Mr.  Coddington  and  Mr.  \Vilfon  and 
divers  of  the  congregation  met  at  the  Governor's,  and  there- 
Mr. Wilfon  praying  and  exhorting  the  congregation  to  love&c!. 
commended  to  them  the  exercife  of  prophecy  in  his  abience  and 
defigned  thofe  whom  he  thought  moil  fit  for  it  (viz)  the  Gover- 
nor, Mr.  Dudley,  and  Mr.  Newell  the  elder  ;  then  he  defired 
the  Governor  to  commit  himfelf  and  the  reft  to  God  by  pray- 
er, which  being  done,  they  accompanied  him  to  the  boat,  and 
fo  they  went  over  toxCharlefton  to  go  by  land  to  the  {hip. 

The  beginning  of  this  month  we  had  very  much  rain  and      April, 
warm  weather.     It  is  a  general  rule  that  when  the  wind  blows 
12  hours  in  any  part  of  the  Eait  it  brings  rain  or  mow  in  great 
abundance. 

Wahquimaeut,  a  fachem  upon  the  ffVe"f  Q^onehtacut  which  4 
lies  W.  of  Naraganfet,  came  to  the  Governor  at  Bofton,  with 
John  Sagamore  and  Jack  Strains  (ah  Indian  which  had  lived 
in  England  and  had  ferved  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  was  novv 
•turned  Indian  again)  and  divers  of  their  fannops,  and  brought 
a  letter  to  the  Governor  from  Mr.  Endicot  to  this  effect  ;  that 
the  faid  Wahquimacut  was  very  defirous  to  have  fome  E  nglifli- 
men  come  plant  in  his  country,  and  offered  to  find  them  com, 
and  give  them  yearly  eighty  4kins  of  beaver,  and  that  the  country 
was  very  fruitful,  and  wiihed  that  there  might  be  two  men  fent 
with  him  to  fee  the  country.  The  Governor  entertained  them 
at  dinner,  but  would  fend  none  with  him.  He  difcovered  af- 
ter, that  the  faid  Sachem  is  a  very  treacherous  man  and  at  war 
with  the  Pekoath  (a  far  greater  Sagamore)  i  his  country  is  at 
about  five  days  journey  from  us  by  land. 

At  a  court  holden  at  Bolton  (upon  information  to  the  Go-  l* 
vernor  that  they  of  Salem  had  called  Mr.  Williams  to  the  of- 
fice of  a  teacher)  a  letter  was  written  from  the  court  to  Mf. 
Endicot  to  this  efrefl  ;  that  whereas  Mr.  Williams  had  refilled 
to  join  with  the  churches  at  Bolton,  becaufe  they  would  not 
make  a  public  declaration  of  their  repentance  for  having  com- 
munion with  the  churches  cf  England  while  they  tarried  there  ; 
and  beftdes  had  declared  his  opinion  that  the  magiftrate  might 
not  punim  the  breach  of  the  fabbath  nor  any  other  offence  that 
was  a  breach  of  the  firft  table ;  and  therefore  they  marvelled 
they  would  choofs  him  without  advifing  with  tha  council,  and 

D  withal 


>£  GOVERNOR   WINTHROP's 

1631.  withal  defiring  him  that  he  would  forbear  to  proceed  until  they 
_ •— y—  _J  had  conlidered  about  it. 

13  Chickatabot  came  to  the  Governor,  and  defired  to  buy  fome 

Engliih  cloths  for  himfelf.  The  Governor  told  him  that  Eng- 
lifh  Sagamores  did  rot  ufe  to  truck,  but  he  called  his  taylorand 
gave  him  order  to  make  him  a  fuit  of  clothes,  whereupon  he 
gave  the  governor  two  large  {kins  of  coat  beaver,  and  after 
he  and  his  men  had  dined  he  departed,  and  faid  he  would 
come  again  three  days  after  for  his  fuit. 

I£  An  order  was  made  that  no  man  mould  difcharge  apiece  af- 

ter funfet,  except  by  occafion  of  alarm. 

15  Chickatabot  came  to  the  Governor   again,  and  he  put  him 
into  a  very  good  new  fuit  from  head  to  foot,   and  after  he  fat 
meat  before  him,  but  he  would  not  eat  till  the  Governor  had 
given  thanks,  and  after   meat  he   defired   him  to  do  the  like, 
and  fo  departed. 

21  The  houfe  of  Jo.  Page  of  Watertown  was  burnt  by  carry- 

ing a  few  coals  from  one  houfe  to  another,  a  coal  fell  by  the 
way  and  kindled  in  the  feaves. 

One  Sir  Chriftopher  Gardiner,  knight  of  the  Golden  be- 
ing accufed  to  have  two" Wives  in  England,  "was  fent  for,  but 
he  had  intelligence  and  efcaped,  and  travelled  up  and  down 
.among  the  Indians  about  a  week,  but  by  means  of  the  Gover- 
nor ofPlimouth,  he  was  taken  about  Namafcut,  and  brought 
to  Plimouth,  and  from  thence  he  was  brought  by  Capt.  Un- 
May  4.  derhill  and  his  Lieut.  Dudley  to  Bofton. 

1 6  There  was  an  alarm  given  to  all  our  towns  in  the  night  by 
occafion  of  a  piece  which  was  ihot  off,  (but  where  could  not  be 
known)  and  the  Indians  having  fent  us  word  the  day    before 
that  the  Mohawks  were  coming  down  againil  them  and  us. 

37  A  general  court  at  Bofton,  the  former  Governor  was  chofen 

again  and  all  the  freemen  of  the  commons  were  fworn  to  the 
government.  At  noon,  Cheefeburrows  houfe  was  burnt  down, 
all  the  people  being  prefent. 

27  There  came  from  Virginia  into  Salem  a  pinnace  of  18  tons, 

laden  with  corn  and  tobacco,  (he  was- bound  to  the  Northward, 
and  put  in  here  by  foul  weather  ;  me  fold  her  corn  at  lo/the 
buihel. 

June  14,  At  a  court  To.  Sagamore  and  Chickatabot  being  told  at  laft 
court  of  fome  "injuries  that  their  men  did  to  our  cattle,  and  giv- 
ing confent  to  make  fatisfaclion  Sec.  now  one  of  their  men 
was  complained  of  for  mooting  a  pig,  for  which  Chickatabot 
was  ordered  to  pay  a  fmall  &in  of  beaver,  which  he  prefently 
paid. 


JOURNAL.  2 

At  this  court  one  Philip  Ratlif  a  fervant  of  Mr.  Cradock,       1631. 
being  convict  ore   teaus   of  moil  foul  fcandalous  invedives  a-  *_  — T— 
gainft  our  churches  ancfgovernment,  was  cenfured  to  be  whip- 
ped, lofe  his  ears,  and  be  baniihed  the  plantation,    which  was 
prefently  executed. 

There  came  a  mallop  from  Pifcataqua  which  brought  news  25 
of  a  fmall  Englim  Ihip  come  thither  with  provifions  and  fome 
Frenchmen  to  make  ialt.  By  this  boat  Capt  Neal,  Governor 
of  Pifcataqua  lent  a  packet  of  letters  to  the  Governor,  dirediecl 
to  Sir  Chriftopher  Gardiner,  which  \\hen  the  Governor  had 
opened  he  found  it  came  from  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges  (who 
claims  a  great  part  of  the  bay  of  Maffachuietts).  In  the  pac- 
ket was  one  letter  to  Thomas  Morton  (fent  prifoner  before  in- 
to England  upon  the  Ld.  Chief  Juilice's  Warrant)  by  both 
which  letters  it  appeared  that  he  had  fomefecret  defign  to  re- 
cover his  pretended  right,  and  that  he  repofed  much  truft  in 
Sir  Chriilopher  Gardiner.  Thefe  letters  were  opened  becaufe 
they  were  directed  to  one  who  was  our  priibner  and  had  declar- 
ed himfelf  an  ill  wille;-  to  our  government. 

There  came  to  the  Governor  Capt.  S  of  Dorchef-         2j 

ter,  and  brought  letters  out  of  the  White  Angel  which  was* 
lately  arrived  at  Sauco  ;  me  brought  '  cows,  goats  and  hogs, 
and  much  provifions  for  the  Bay  and  for  Plimouth.  Mr.  Al- 
lerton  returned  in  this  Ihip,  and  by  him  we  heard  that  the 
Friendfhip  which  put  cut  from  Barnftable  weeks  before 
the  Angel,  was  forced  home  again  by  extremity  of  foul  wea- 
ther, and  fo  had  given  over  her  voyage.  This  fhip  the  Angel 
fet  fail  from 

The  Governor  built  a  bark  at  Miftick,  which  was  launched     July  4. 
this  day,  and  called  the  Bleffing  of  the  Bay. 

A  fmall  mip  of  60  tons  arrived  at  Natafcott  Mr.  Graves  6 
mailer,  me  brought  ten  pafTengers  from  London,  they  came* 
with  a  patent  to  Sagadahock,  but  not  liking  the  place,  they 
came  hither.  This  fhip  drew  10  feet  and  went  up  to  Water- 
town,  (he  run  on  ground  twice  by  the  way.  Thefe  were  the 
company  called  the  hufbandmen,  the  fhip  called  the  plough  ; 
xnoft  of  them  proved  familifts  and  vaniflied  away. 

Canonicus,  fon  to  the  great jSachem  of  Naraganfet,  came  to         13 
the  Governor's  houfe  with  Jo.  Sagamore,  after  they  had  dined 
he  gave  the  Governor  a  fkin,  and  the  Governor   requited  him 
with  a  fair  pewter  pot,  which  he  took  very  thankfully  and  flay- 
ed all  night. 

The  Ship  called  the  Friendmip  of  Barnftable  arrived  at  Eof-         14 
ton,  after  me  had  been  at  fea  1 1  weeks,  and  beaten  back  again 
by  foul  weather.     She  fet  fail  from  Barnftable  again  about 


»S  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1631.     the  middle  of  May;  {he  landed  here  eight  heifers  and   one 
y  —  T—  _»  calf  and  five  iheep. 

The  White  Angel  came  into  the  bay;  fhe  landed  here  21 
heifers, 

3,1  The  Governor  and  deputy  and  Mr.  Newell  the  elder  of  the 

congregation  at  Bofton  went  to  Watertown  to  confer  \vith 
Mr.  Phijips,  the  pallor,  and  Mr.  Brown,  the  elder  of  the  con- 
gregation there,  about  an  opinion  which  they  had  published 
that  the  churches  of  Rome  were  the  true  churches.  The 
jnatter  was  debated  before  many  of  both  congregations,  and  by 
the  approbation  of  all  the  ailernbly  except  three,  was  concluded 
an  error. 

29  The  Friendfhip  fet  fail  for  Chriflopher  Iflands,  and  ran  on 
ground  behind  C Ifland. 

30  The  White  Angel  fell  down  for  Plimouth,  but  the  wind  not 
favouring  fhe  came  to  an  anchor  by  Long-lfland,  and  ran  03 
ground  a  week  after,  near  Gurnett's  nofe. 

Mr  Ludlow  in  digging  the  foundation  of  his  houfe  at  Dor- 
chefter,  found  two  pieces  of  French  money,  one  was  coined  in 
1596,  they  were  in  fevejral  places  above  a  foot  within  the  firm 
ground. 

Aug.  8.        The  Torentines  to  the  number  of  one  hundred,  came  in  30 
canoes,  and  in  the  night  aflaulted  the  wigwam  of  the  Sacheni 

of  Agawam,  by -^ — and  flew  feven  men,  and  wounded  Joha 

Sagamore  and  James  and  fomc  others  (whereof  fome  died  af- 
ter) and  rifled  a  Wigwam"  where  Mr.  Cradock's  men  kept  to 
catch  flurgeon,  took  away  their  nets  and  bifcuit,  &c. 

A  fmall  bark  of  Salem,  of  about  12  tons,  coming  towards 
the  bay,  Jo.  Elfton  and  two  of  Mr.  Cradock's  fifhermen  be- 
ing in  her,  and  two  tons  of  flone,  and  three  barrels  of  train 
oil,  was  overfet  in  a  guft,  and  being  buoyed  up  by  the  oil,  Ihe 
floated  up  and  down  till  then,  when  a  boat  coming  by  efpied 
19  them  and  faved  them.  The  Plough  returned  to  Charleitown 

after  fhe  had  been  on  her  way  to  the  C«— Ifiands,  about 

three  weeks,  and  was  fo  broke  fhe  could  not  return  here. 

31  The  Governor's  bark,  called  the  BlefTmg  of  the  Bay,  being 
of  30  tons,  went  to  lea. 

JSep.  6.  The  White  Angel  fet  fail  from  Marble  Harbour.  About  thi« 
time  laft  year,  the  company  here  fet  forth  a  pinnace  to  the 
parts  r.bout  Cape  Cod,  to  trade  for  corn,  and  it  brought  here 
about  80  bus.  This  year  again  the  Salem  pinnace,  being 
bound  hither  for  corn,  was,  by  contrary  winds,  put  into  Pli- 
jncuth,  where  th«  Governor,  &c.  fell  out,  not  only  forbidding 
them  to  trade,  but  alfo  telling  them  that  they  would  oppois 
y  force,  even  ID  the  fpending  of  their  lives,  kc.  where- 
upon 


JOURNAL.  z 

upon  they  returned  and  acquainting  the  Governor  of  MaflTa-       1631. 
chufetts  with  it,  he  wrote  to  the  Governor  of  Plimouth  this  \    --  f 
letter  here  inierted,  with  their  anfwer  which   came  about  a 
month  after.* 

The  wolves  did  much  hurt  to  calves  and  fwine  between 
Charles  River  and  Miftick. 

At  the  laft  court  a  young  fellow  was  whipped  for  foliciting 
an  Indian  fquavv  to  incontinency  :  her  hufband  and  (he  com^ 
plained  of  the  injury,  and  were  Prefentat  the  execution,  and 
very  well  fatisfied.  At  the  fame  court  one  Henry  Lincon  was 
whipped  and  banifhed  for  writing  letters  into  England,  full  of 
ilander  againft  our  government,  and  orders  of  our  churches. 

Mr.  Shark  of  Pennaquid  fent  home  James  Sagamore's  wife,         i£ 
who  had  been  taken  away  at  thefurprize  atAgawam,  and  wrote 
that  the  Indians  demanded         fathom  of  wampampeague  and 

Ikins  for  her  remiflion. 

At  a  couit  one  Jofias  Playftone  and  two  of  his  fervants  were      '27 
cenfured  for  ftealing  corn  from  Chickatabot  and  his  men,  who 
were  prefent,   the  mailer  to  reflore  two  fold,  and  to  be  degra- 
ded from  the  title  of  a  gentleman,  and  fined  five  pounds,  and 
his  men  to  be  whipped. 

The  Blefling  went  on  a  voyage   to  the  eaftward.  Oft.  4, 

The  Governor  being  at  his  farm  houfe  at  Miftick,  walked  J I 
Out  after  f  upper  and  took  a  piece  in  his  hand,  fuppofing  he 
might  fee  a  wolf  f  for  they  came  daily  about  the  houfe,  and 
killed  fwine  and  calves,  &c.)  ana  being  about  half  a  mile  off, 
it  grew  fuddenly  dark,  fo  as  in  coming  home  he  miftook  his 
path,  and  went  till  he  came  to  a  little  houfe  of  Sagamore  John, 
which  flood  empty ;  there  he  flayed,  and  having  a  piece  of 
jnatch  in  his  pocket  (for  he  always  carried  about  his  match 
and  compafs,  and  in  the  former  there  fpake  need)  he  made  a 
good  fire  and  warmed  the  houfe,  and  lay  down  upon  fome  old 
jnatts  which  he  found  there,  andfo  fpent  the  night,  fometimes 
walking  by  the  fire,  fometimes  finging  pfalms,  and  fometimes 
getting  wood,  but  could  not  fleep.  It  was  (thro  God's  mer- 
cy) a  weary  night,  but  a  little  before  day  it  began  to  rain,  and 
having  no  cloak,  he  made  fhift  by  a  long  pole  to  climb  up  in- 
to the  houfe.  In  the  morning  there  came  thither  an  Indian 
fquaw,  but  perceiving  her  before  me  had  opened  the  door,  he 
barred  her  out,  yet  me  flayed  there  a  great  while  effaying  to 
get  in,  and  at  laft  me  went  away,  and  he  returned  fafe  home, 
his  fervant  having  been  much  perplexed  for  him,  and  having 
walked  about,  and  mot  off  pieces  and  hollooed  in  the  night, 
but  he  heard  them  not. 

The 
letter  is  not  injerted.     Edit, 


30  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

The  Governor  received  a  letter  from  Capt.  Wiggin  of  Pif- 
cataqua,  informing  him  of  a  murder  committed  the  3d  of  this 
month  at  Richman's  ifle,  by  an  Indian  Sagamore,  called  Squid 
Rapfet  and  his  company,  upon  one  Walter  Bagnell,  called 
Great  Walter,  and  one  Jo.  W  who  kept  with  him,  they 

having  killed  them,  burnt  the  houfe  over  them,  and  carried 
away  their  guns  and  what  elfe  they  liked :  he  perfuaded  the 
Governor  to  fend  20  men  prefently  to  take  revenge,  but  the 
Governor  advifing  with  fome  of  the  Council,  thought  belt  to 

:  ,  fet  IH11  awhile,  partly  becaufe  he  heard  that  Capt.  Neale  &c. 
were  gone  after  them,  and  partly  becaufe  of  the  feafon  (it  be- 
ing then  froft  and  fnow)  and  want  of  boots  fit  for  that  expe- 
dition- This  Bagnell  was  fometimes  fervant  to  one  in  the 
Bay,  and  thefe  three  years  had  dwelt  alone  in  the  faid  ifle, 
and  had  gotten  about  400!.  intereit  in  government ;  he  was 
a  wicked  fellow,  and  had  much  wronged  the  Indians. 

->  The  Governor,  with  Capt.  Underbill  and  other  of  the  of- 

ficers went  on  foot  to  Sagus,  and  next   day  to   Salem,  where 
they  were  bountifully  entertained  by  Capt.  Endicott,  &c.  and 
the  2 8th  they  returned  to  Bolton  by  the  fort  at  Sagus  river, 
and  fo  over  to  Miilick. 
A  plentiful  crop. 

30  The  Governor  having  erefted  a  building  of  ftone  at  Miftick, 

there  came  fo  violent  a  ftorm  of  rain  for  twenty- four  hours 
from  the  N.  E.  and  S.  E.  as  (it  being  not  fmifhed,  and  laid 
with  clay  for  want  of  lime)  two  fides  of  it  were  waflied  down 
to  the  ground,  and  much  harm  was  done  to  other  houfes  by 
that  ftorm. 

Nov.  2.  :  The  fhip  LyonWm.  Pierce,  mafter,  arrived  at  Natafcot, 
there  came  in  her  the  Governor's  wife,  and  other  of  his  chil- 
dren, and  Mr.  Eliot,  a  minifter,  and  other  families,  being  in 
all  about  60  perfons,  who  all  arrived  in  good  health,  having 
been  ten  weeks  at  fea,  and  loft  none  of  their  company  but 
two  children,  whereof  one  was  the  Governor's  daughter  Anne, 
about  one  year  and  half  old,  who  died  about  a  week  after  they 
came  to  fea. 

3  The  wind  being  contrary  the  fhip  ftayed  at  Long-Ifland,  but 
the*  Governor's  fon  came  on  more,  and  that  night  the  Governor 
went  to  the  (hip  and  lay  aboard  all  night,  and  the  next  morn- 
ing the  wind  coming  fair,  me  came  to  an  anchor  before  Bof- 
ton. 

4  The  Governor,  his  wife   and   children  went  on  more  with 
Mr.  Pierce  in  his  mip  boat,  the  fiiip  gave  them  fix  or  feven 
pieces.     At  their  landing  the  Captains  with  their  companies 
in  arms  entertained  them  with  a  guard  and  divers  vollies  of 


JOURNAL, 

,  and  three  drakes ;— and  divers  of  the  affiftants  and  moft  1631, 
of  the  people  of  the  near  plantations,  came  to  welcome  them, 
and  brought  and  fent,  for  divers  days,  great  llore  of  provi- 
fions, as  fat  hogs,  kids,  veniion,  poultry,  geefe,  partridge*, 
&c.  fo  as  the  like  joy  and  manifettation  of  love  had  never  been 
feen  in  New-England  :  it  was  a  great  marvel  that  fo  much 
people  and  ftore  of  provifions  could  be  gathered  together  at 
fo  few  hours  warning. 

We  kept  a  day  of  thankfgiving  at  Bofton.  1 1 

The  Governor  of  Plimouth  came  to  Bofton  and  lodged  in,         17 
the  (hip. 

Mr.  Pierce  went  down  to  his  (hip  which  lay  at  Nantafcot.         23 
Divers  went  home  with  him  into  England  by  Virginia,   as  Sir 
Richard  Saltonftall,  his  eldeft  fon  and  others,  and  they  were 
iix  weeks  in  going  to  Virginia. 

The  congregation  at  Watertown,  whereof  Mr.  G.  Philips 
was  paftor,  had  chofen  one  Richard  Brown  for  their  elder 
before  named,  who  perfiftihg  in  his»opinion  of  the  truth  of  the 
Romiih  church,  and  maintaining  other  errors  withal,  and  be- 
ing a  man  of  a  very  violent  fpirit,  the  court  wrote  a  letter  to 
the  congregation,  directed  to  the  paftor  and  brethren  to  advife 
them  to  take  into  confi deration  whether  Mr.  Brown  were  fit 
to  be  continued  their  elder  or  not,  to  which,  after  fome  weeks, 
they  returned  anfwer  to  this  effect ; — That  if  we  would  take 
the  pains  to  prove  fuch'  things  as  were  objected  againft  him, 
they  would  undertake  to  redrefs  them. 

The  congregation  being  much  divided  about  their  Elder,  Dec.  $ 
both -parties  repaired  to  the  Governor  for  affiftance,  &c.  where- 
npbn  he  went  to  Watertown  with  the  Deputy  Governor  and 
Mr.  Nowel,  and  the  congregation  being  aiTembled,  the  Go- 
vernor told  them,  that  being  come  to  fettle  peace,  &c.  they 
might  proceed  in  three  diftinct  refpects.  i  As  the  magiftrates 
their  affiftance  being  defired.  2.  As  members  of  a  neighbour- 
'  ing  congregation.  3.  Upon  the  anfwer  which  we  received  of 
our  letter,  which  did  no  way  fatisfy  us.  But  the  Paftor,  Mr. 
Phillips,  defired  us  to  fet  with  them  as  members  of  a  neigh- 
bouring cqngregation  only,  whereto  the  Governor,  &c.  con- 
fented.  Then  the  one  fide  which  had  firft  complained,  wer« 
noticed  to  exhibit  their  grievances ;  which  they  did  to  this  ef- 
fect. That  they  could  not  communicate  with  their  elder,  be- 
ing guilty  of  errors,  both  in  judgment  and  converfation  ;  af- 
ter much  debate  of  thefe  things,  at  length  they  were  recoti- 
,  died,  and  agreed  to  feek  God  in  a  day  of  humiliation,  and 
t®  have  a.  folemn  writing,  each  party  promifmg  to  reform 

has 


GOVERNOR   WINTHROP's 

has  been  amifs,  &c.  and  the  pallor  gave  thanks  to  God,  an€ 
the  affembly  broke  up. 

The  Governor  and  Tome  company  with  him  went  up  by 
Charles  River,  about  eight  miles  above  Watertown,  and  na- 
med the  firft  brook,  on  the  North  fide  of  the  river  (being  a  fair 
flream  and  coming  from  a  pond  a  mile  from  the  river)  Beaver 
Brook,  becaufe  the  beavers  had  morn  down  divers  great  trees 
there,  and  made  divers  dams  acrofs  the  brook.  Thence  they 
went  to  a  great  rock  upon  which  flood  a  high  {lone  cleft  afun- 
der,  that  four  men  might  go  thro,  which  they  called  Adam's 
chair,  becaufe  the  youngeft  of  their  company  was  Adam  Win- 
throp.  Thence  they  came  to  another  brook,  greater  than  the 
former,  which  they  called  Mailer's  Brook,  becaufe  the  eldeftof 
their  company  was  one  John  Mailers.  Thence  they  came  to 
another  high  pointed  rock,  having  a  fair  afcent  on  the  Weft 
iide,  which  they  called  Mount.  Feake  from  one  Robert  Feake, 
who  had  married  the  Governor's  daughter  in  law.  On  the 
Weft  fide  of  Mount  Feake  they  went  by  a  very  high  rock  from 
whence  they  might  fee  all  over  Whipcutt,  and  a  very  high  hill 
due  Weft  about  40  miles  off,  and  to  the  N.  W.  the  high  hills 
Feb.  7.  by  Merrimack  above  60  miles  off. 

The  Governor,  Mr.  Nowell,  Mr.  Eliot  and  others,  went 
over  Miftick  river  at  Meadford,  and  going  N.  and  by  E.  a- 
mong  the  rocks  about  2  or  3  miles,  they  came  to  a  very  great 
pond,  having  in  the  middle  an  Iflandof  about  one  acre,  and 
very  thick  with  trees  of  pine  and  birch  ;  and  the  pond  had  divers 
fmall  rocks,  Handing  up  here  and  there  in  it,  which  they  there- 
fore called  Spot  Pond.  They  went  all  about  it  upon  the  ice. 
From  hence  towards  the  N.  W.  about  1-2  a  mile,  they  came 
to  the  top  of  a  very  h'gh  rock,  beneath  which  towards  the  N. 
lies  a  goodly  plain,  partly  open  land,  and  part  woody,  from 
whence  there  is  a  fair  profpecl,  but  it  being  then  clofe  and 
rainy,  they  could  fee  but  a  fmall  diilance.  This  place  they 
called  Cheefe  Rock,  becaufe  when  they  went  to  eatfomewhat, 
they  had  only  cheefe,  the  Governor's  man  forgetting,  from 
hafte,  to  put  up  fome  bread. 
14.  The  Governor  and  fome  other  company  went  to  view  the 

country  as  far  as  Ncponcett,  and  returned  that  night. 
jy  The  Governor  and  affiftants  called  before  them  at  Bo£on. 

divers  of  Watertown  ;  the  paftors  and  elder  by  letter,  and  the 
others  by  warrant.  The  occafion  was  for  that  a  warrant  being 
fent  to  Watertown  for  levying  of  81.  part  of  a  rate  of  6ol.  or- 
dered for  the  fortifying  the  new  town  ;  the  pallor  and  elder 
&c.  afTembled  the  people  and  deliver'd  their  opinions,  that  it 
was  not  fafe  to  pay  money  after  that  fort,  for  fear  of  bringing 

themfelv?r 


J    O   U   R    K    A"  JL  35 

ihemfetves  int6  bondage,  being  come  before  the  governor  arid  1632. 
council,  after  much  debate  they  acknowledged  their  fault  con- 
felling  freely  that  they  were  in  an  error,  and  made  a  retradion 
and  lubraiffion  under  their  hands,  and  were  injoyned  to  read 
it  in  the  aflembly  the  next  Lords  day.  The  ground  of  their 
error  was,  for  that  they  took  this  government  to  be  no  other 
but  as  of  a  mayor  and  aldertnen,  who  have  not  power  to  make 
laws  or  raife  taxations  without  the  people;  but underftand- 
ing  that  this  government  was  rather  in  the  nature  of  a  Parlia- 
ment, and  that  no  affiftant  could  be  chofen  but  by  the  free- 
men, who  had  power  likewife  to  remove  the  affiftants  and  put 
in  others,  and  therefore  at  every  general  court  (which  was  to 
be  holden  once  every  year)  they  had  free  liberty  to  consider 
and  propound  any  thing  concerning  the  fame,  and  to  declare 
their  grievances  without  being  fubject  to  quei&on,  &'c.  they 
were  fully  fatisfied,  and  fo  their  fubmiflioa  was  accepted,  and 
their  offence  pardoned. 

The  firft  court  after  winter ;  it  was  ordered,  that  the  courts    March 
(which  before  were  every  three  weeks) mould  now  be  held  the 
fir  ft  Tuefday  in  every  month.     Gommiffioners  appointed  to  fet 
out  the  bounds  of  the  towns. 

The  bark  Warwick,  arrived  atNatafcott,  having  been  at  Pif-          14 
cataqua,  and  at  Salem  to  fell  corn  which  (he  brought  from  Vir- 
ginia. At  her  coming  into  Natafcott,  with  a  S.  E.  wind  me  was 
in  great  danger >  by  a  fudden  guft;  to  be  eaft  away  upon  the 
rocks>     1 9th;  She  came  to  Winyfemettt 

Mr.  Maverick  one  of  the  Minifters  of  Dorchefter-j  in  drying 
a  little  powder,  which  took  fire  by  the  heat  of  the  fire  pan,  fi- 
red a  fmall  barrel  of  2  or  3  Ib.  yet  did  no  other  harm  but  finged 
his  clothes.  It  was  in  the  new  meeting-houfe,  which  was 
thatched^  and  the  thatch  only  blacked  a  little. 

At  a  court  at  Bofton,  the  deputy  Mr.  Dudley*  went  away  be-  -April 
fore  the  court  was  endedj  and  then  the  fecretary  delivered  the 
Governor  a  letter  from  him  directed  to  the  Governor  and  afiift- 
ants,  wherein  he  declared  a  r.efignation  of  his  deputyfhip  and 
place  of  affiftant,  but  it  was  not  allowed.  At  this  court  an  aft 
was  made  expreffing  the  Governors  power,  and  the  office  of  Se- 
cretary and  Treamrer,  &c. 

The  bark  Warwick,  and  Mr.  Maverick's  pirinace  went  out  9 

towards  Virginia. 

The  Governor  received  letters    from  Plymouth  fignifying          12 
that  there  had  been  a  broil  between  their  men  at  Sowamfet  and 
the  Naraganfet  Indians,  who  fet  upon  the  Engliih  houfe  there, 
to  have  taken  Owiamequin  the  Sagamore  of  Packanofcott,  \Vho 
was  fled  thither  with  all  the  peopk  for  refuge  ;  and  that  Captt 

E  Scandiih 


34  GOVERNOR    WXNTHROP's 

1632.  Standifh  being  gone  thither  to  relieve  the  three  Englifh  which 
»-NN-yM  i»>  were  in  the  houfe,  Tent  home  in  all  hafte  for  more  men  and  o- 
ther  provifions,  upon  intelligence  that  Canonicus,  with  a  great 
army  was  coming  againft  them ;  withal  th?y  wrote  to  our  Go- 
vernor for  fome  powder,  to  be  fent  with  all  poffible  fpeed  (for 
itfeemed  they  were  unfurnimed).  Upon  this  the  Governor 
prefently  difpatched  away  the  meffenger  with  fo  much  powder 
l6  as  he  could  carry,  viz.  27lb. — The  meflenger  returned  and 
brought  a  letter  from  the  Governor,  fignifying  that  the  Indi- 
ans were  retired  fromSowamfett  to  fight  with  the  Pequins,  which 
was  probable,  becaufe  John  Sagamore  and  Chickatabott  wece 
gone  with  all  their  men  to  Canonicus  who  had  fent  for  them. 

A  wear  was  creeled  by  Watertown  men,  upon  Charles- Rir- 
cr  three  miles  above  the  town,  where  they  took  great  ftore  of 
lhad. 

May  i.  The  Governor  and  affiftants  met  at  Bofton  to  coniider  of  the 
Duputy  his  deferring  his  place.  The  points  difcufed  were  two. 
The  firft,  upon  what  grounds  he  did  it.  2d.  whether  it  were 
good  or  void.  For  the  ift.  his  main  reafon  was  for  public 
peace,  for  he  muft  needs  difcharge  his  confcience  in  fpeaking 
freely,  and  he  faw  that  bred  disturbance.  For  the  2d.  it  was 
maintained  by  all  that  he  could  not  to  leave  his  place,  except 
by  the  fame  power  which  put  him  in  ;  yet  he  could  not  be  put 
from  his  contrary  opinion,  nor  would  beperfuaded  to  continue 
till  the  general  court,  which  was  to  be  the  8th  of  this  month. 

Another  queftion  fell  out  with  him  about  fome  bargains  he 
had  made  with  fome  poor  men,  members  of  the  fame  congre- 
gation, to  whom  he  had  fold  7  bulhels  and  an  half  of  corn  to 
receive  ten  for  it  after  harveft,  which  the  Governor  and  fome 
others  held  to  be  oppreffive  ufury,  and  within  the  compafs  of 
the  ftatute,  but  he  perfifted  to  maintain  it  to  be  lawful,  and 
there  arofe  hot  words  about  it,  he  telling  the  Governor  that  if 
he  had  thought  he  had  fent  for  him  to  his  houfe  to  give  him  fuch 
ufage  he  would  not  have  come  there,  and  that  herrever  knew  a- 
nyman  of  underftanding,  of  other  opinion,  and  that  if  the  Go- 
vernor thought  otherwise  of  it,  it  was  his  weaknefs.  The  Go- 
vernor took  notice  of  thefe  Ipeeches  and  bore  them  with  more 
patience  than  he  had  done  upon  a  like  occafion  at  another 
time.  Upon  this  there  arofe  another  queftion  about  his  houfe. 
The  Governor  having  freely  told  him  that  he  did  not  well  to 
beftow  fo  much  coft  about  wainfcoting  and  adorning  his  houfe 
in  the  beginning  of  a  plantation,  both  in  regard  of  the  necefTi- 
ty  of  public  charges,  and  for  example.  His  anfvver  now  was, 
that  it  was  for  the  warmth  of  his  houfe,  and  the  charge  was  lit- 
tle, being  but  clapboards  nailed  to  the  walls  in  form  of  wain- 
feat. 


JOURNAL.  35 

fcot.     Thefe  and  other  fpeeches  patted  before  dinner.     After       1632. 

dinner  the  Governor  told  him  that  he  had  heard  that  the  peo-  *_  -w-  _j* 

pie  intended  at  the  next  general  court  todefire  that  the   aflift- 

ants  might  be  chofen  anew  every  year,  and  that  the  Governor 

might  be  chofen  by  the  whole  court  and  not  by   the   affiftants 

only.     Upon  this  Mr.  Ludlow   grew   into   paflion,  and   faid 

that  then  we  mould  have  no  government,  but  there  would   be 

an  interim  wherein  every  man  might  do  what  he  pleafeci.  This 

was  anfwered  and  cleared  in  the  judgment  of  the  reft  of  the  afr 

fiftants,  but  he  continued  ftiff  in  his  opinion,  and  protefted  he 

would  then  return  back  into  England. 

Another  qucftion  fell  oat,  which  was   this.     Mr.   Clark  of    A  Dutch 
Watertown  had  complained   to  the    Governor,  that  Captain        (hip 
Patrick  being  removed  out  of  their  town  to  Newtown,  did  com-     brought 
pel  them  to  watch  nearNewtown,and  defiredtheGovernoi  t'-.at  from  Vir- 
they  might  have  the  ordering    within  their  own    town.     The      ginia, 
Governor  anfwered  him,  that  the  ordering  of  the   watch  did  2006  bu- 
proporly  belong  to  the  conftable,  but    in   thofe  towns   where     fhels  of 
the  Captains  dwelt,  they  had  thought  fit  to  leave  it  to  them,       corn, 
and  fince  Captain  Patrick  was  removed,  the  conftable  might  which  was 
take  care  of  it,  but  advifed  him  withal  to  acquaint  the   deputy  fold  at  43. 
with  it,  and  at  the  court  it   mould   be  ordered.     Clark  went    6d.  the 
right  home  and  told  the  Captain  that  the  Governor  had  order-  bumel. 
ed  that  the  conftable  mould  fet  the  watch,   (which  was   falfe) 
but  the  Captain  anfwered  fomewhat  rafhly,  and  like  a  ioldier, 
which  being  certified  to  the  Governor   by   three  witneffes,  he 
fent  a  warrant  to  the   conftable  to  this  effecl:;<— -that  whereas 
fome  difficulty  was   fallen  out,  &c.    about  -thfe  v^atch,  &c.  he 
fhould  according  to  his  office,  fee  due  watefg'fhould    be  kept 
till  the  court  had  taken  order  in  it.     Thid'itf  .ch  difpleafed  the 
Captain,  who  came  to  this  meeting  to  have  it  redrefTed.     The 
Governor  told  the  reft   what   he  had   done,  and  opon  what 
ground,  whereupon  they  refufed  to  do  any  thing  in  it  till  the 
court. 

While  they  were  thus  fitting  together,  an  Indian  brings  a 
letter  from  Captain  Standifh  then  at  Swanfett,  to  this  effect, 
that  the  Dutchmen  (which  lay  for  trading  at  Anyganfett  or 
Naraganfett)  had  lately  informed  him  that  many  Pequins  (who 
were  profefled  enemies  to  the  Naraganfetts) ,  had  been  there 
divers  days  and  advifed  us  to  be  watchful,  &c.  giving  other 
reafons,  &c. — Thus  the  day  was  fpent  and  no  good  done, 
which  was  the  more  uncomfortable  to  moft  of  them,  becaufe 
they  had  recommended  this  meeting  to  God  in  more  earneft 
manner  than  ordinary  at  other  meetings* 

A 


3$  GOVERNOR    WINTHR  OP  "s 

1632.  A  general  court  at  Bcfton.— -Whereas  it  was  at  our  nificom- 

VIH— v-  .  >  ing,  agreed  that  the  freemen  fhould  choofe  the  afliftants  ^and 
May  8  they  the  Governor.  The  whole  court  agreed  now,  that  the 
Governor  and  affiftants  fhould  all  be  new  chofen  every  year  by 
the  general  court  (the  Governor, to  be  always  chofen  out  of  the 
afiiftants)  and  accordingly  the  old  Governor  John  Winthrop 
was  chofen,  accordingly  all  the  reft  as  before,  and  Mr.  Hum- 
phry and  Mr.  Coddington,  becaufe  they  were  daily  expe$> 
ed. 

The  Deputy  Governor  Thomas  Dudley  Efq.  having  fub- 
jnited  the  validity  of  his  refignation  to  the  vote  of  the  court,  it 
was  adjudged  a  nullity,  and  he  accepted  of  his  place  again, 
and  the  Governor  and  he  being  reconciled  the  day  before,  all 
things  were  carried  very  lovingly  amongft  all,  and  the  people 
Carried  themfelves  with  much  filence  and  jnodefty. 

John  Winthrop  the  Governor's  fon  was  chofen  an  affiftant. 

A  propofition  was  made  by  the  people  that  every  company 
of  train-men  might  choofe  their  own  Captain  and  officers,  but 
the  Governor  giving  them  reaions  to  the  contrary,  they  were 
fatisfied  with  it. 

Every  town  may  choofe  two  men  to  be  at  the  next  court  toad- 
vife  w;th  theGovernoranxl  afliftauts  about  the  raifing  of  a  public 
jftock,  fo  as  what  they  mould  agree  upon  mould  bind  all  &c. 
The  Governor  among  other  things  ufed  this  fpeech  to  the  peo- 
ple after  he  had  taken  his  oath,-r-That  he  had  received  gratu- 
ities from  divers  towns,  which  he  received  with  much  comfort 
and  content ;  -he  had  ajfo  received  many  kindneiTes  from  par- 
ticular perfons»  v^liieh-Jie  would  not  refufe,  leaft  he  mould  be 
accounted  uncqsrtfQous  &c.  but  he  cxpreffed  that  he  received 
them  with  a  trenp^jtng  'heart,  in  regard  of  God's  rule,  and  the 
confcioufnefs  ofhis  own  inconformity,  and  therefore  defired 
them  that  hereafter  they  worald  not  take  it  ill  if"  he  did  refufe 
prefents.from  particular  perions, except  they  were  from  the  aflift- 
ants,  or  from  fpecial  friends,  &c.  to  which  no  anfwer  was  made, 
but  he  was  told  after,  that  many  good  people  were  much  griev- 
ed at  it,  for  that  he  never  had  any  allowance  towards  the 
(barge  ofhis  place. 

?^  The  fortification  upon  the  (p orn  Hill  at  Bofton  was  begun. 

23  Charleftown  men  came  arid  wrought  upon  the  fortification, 

Rcxbury  the  next,  and  Dorchefter  the  next. 

$6  The  Whale  arrived  with  Mr.  Wilfon,  Mr.  Drummer   and 

about  30  paflengers  all  in  health,    and  of  70  cows  loft  but  2. 

She  cam<5  from  Hampton,  April  «th.  Mr.  Greaves  was  Matter. 

June?;  The  William  and   Francis,   Mr.   Thomas,   Mailer,   with 

about  60  paii'engers,  whereof  Mr.  Wilde  and  old  Mr.  Batche- 

lor 


JOURNAL.  37 

lor,  being  aged  7  fc,  were  with  their  families,  and  many  other  1632. 
honeft  men.  Alfo  the  Charles  of  Barnftable,  with  near  80 
cows  and  6  mares, Mr.  Hatherly  the  merchant,  and  about  20 
palfengers,  all  fafe,  and  in  health.  They  fct  fail,  viz.  the 
William  and  Francis/rom  London,  March  the  9th.  and  the 
Charles  from  Portfmouth  April  loth,  and  met  near  Cape  Anne. 
Mr.  Winilow  of  PJimouth  came  in  the  William  and  Francis. 

The  James  Mr.    Grant  mafter,  arrived,    her  paffage  was  8         iz 
weeks  fr<  m  London.     He  brought  60  heifers  and  loft  40,  and 
brought  twelve  paflengers. 

A  day  of  thankfgiving  in  all  the  plantations  by  public  autho-         13 
rity,  for  the  good  fucceis  of  the  King  of  Sweeden  and  protef- 
tants  in  Germany,  agmnft  the  Emperor,  and  for  the  fafe  arri- 
val of  all  the  mips,  they  having  not  loft  one  perfon,  nor  one 
fick  among  them. 

The  French  came  in  a  pinnace  to  Penobfcott  and  rifled  a 
trucking  houfe  belonging  to  Plimouth,  carrying  thence  300 
weight  of  beaver  and  other  goods. 

One  Abraham  Sheert  of  Penaquid,  and  one  Captain  Wright 
and  others  coming  to  Pifcataquack,  being  bound  for  this  Bay 
in  a  mallop  with  zool.  worth  of  commodities,  one  of  the  fea- 
jnen  going  to  light  a  pipe  of  tobacco,  fet  fire  on  a  barrel  of 
powder  which  tore  the  bark  in  pieces,  that  man  was  never  feen, 
the  reft  were  all  faved,  but  the  goods  loft. 

A  mallop  of  one  Henry  Waye  of  Dorchefter  having  been 
miffing  all  the  winter,  it  was  found  that  the  men  in  her  (being 
five)  were  all  killed  treacheroufly  by  th3  eaftern  Indians.  Ano" 
ther  mallop  of  his  being  fent  out  to  feek  out  the  other,  was  caft 
away  at  Aquawaticus,  and  two  of  the  men  drowned.  A  fiming 
ihallop  at  Jfleof  fhoals  was  overfet.  One  Noddle  an  honeft 
inan  of  Salem,  running  wood  in  a  canoe,  in  the  South  Paver 
was  overturned  and  drowned. 

The  man  that  was  blown  away  with  the  powder,  in  the  boat 
at  Pifcataq,  was  after  found  with  his  hands  and  feet  torn  off. 
This  fellow  being  wjftied  by  another  to  forbear  to  take  any  to- 
bacco, till  they  came  to  the  more,  which  was  hard  by,  an- 
fwered  that  if  the  Devil  mould  carry  him  away  quick,  he  would 
take  one  pipe  ;  fome  in  the  boat  were  fo  drunk  and  faft  aileep, 
as  they  did  not  awake  with  the  noife. 

At  a  training  atWatertown,   a  man  of  John  Alden's,  hav-       July, 
ing  amufketwhich  had  been  long  charged  with  piftol  bullets, 
and  knowing  of  it,  gave  fire,  and  mot  three  men,  two  into  their 
bodies  and  one  into  his  hand,  but  it  was  fo  far  off,    as  the  fhott 
entered  the  &in  and  ftayed  there,  and  they  all  recovered. 

The 


I  GOVERNORWINTHROP's 

1632.  The  congregation  of  Bofton  wrote  to  the  elders  and  brethren 
of  the  churches  of  Plimouth,  Salem,  &c.  for  their  advice  in 
three  queilions.  i.  Whether  one  perfon  might  be  a  civil  ma- 
giftrate  and  a  ruling  elder  at  the  fame  time  ?  2.  If  not,  then 
what  fhould  be  beft  done  ?  3.  Whether  there  might  be  divers 
paftors  in  the  fame  church.  The  i  was  agreed  by  all  nega- 
tively ;  the  2  doabtful,  the  3.  doubtful  alfo. — 

The  ftrife  in  Watertown  congregation  continued  (till,  but 
at  length  they  gave  the  feparatifts  a  day  to  come  in,  or  all  to 
be  proceeded  againft.  5.  At  the  day  they  all  came  in  and 
fubmitted,  except  John  Mafters,  who,  tho  he  was  advifed  by 
divers  minifters  and  others,  that  he  haa  offended  in  turning 
hfs  back  upon  the  facrament,  and  departing  out  of  the  af- 
fembly,  &c.  becaufe  he  had  then  admitted  a  member  whom 
he  judged  unfit,  &c.  He  perfifted,  fo  the  congregation  (be- 
ing loth  to  proceed  againft  him) ,  gave  him  a  further  day,  at 
which  time,  he  continuing  obftinate,  they  excommunicated 
him,  but  about  a  fortnight  after  he  fubmitted  himfelf  and  was 
received  in  again. 

At  Watertown  there  was,  in  the  view  of  divers  witnefTes,  a 
great  combat  between  a  moufe  and  a  fnake,  and  after  a  long 
fight  the  moufe  prevailed  and  killed  the  fnake.  The  minifter 
of  Bofton,  Mr.  Wilfon,  a  very  fmcere  holy  man,  hearing  of  it, 
gave  this  interpretation  : — That  the  fnake  was  the  devil,  the 
moufe  was  a  poor  contemptible  people  which  God  had  brought 
Kither,  which  mould  over-come  fatan  here,  and  difpoflefs  him 
of  his  kingdom.  Upon  the  fame  occafion  he  told  the  Govern- 
or, that  before  he  was  refolved  to  come  into  the  country,  he 
dreamed  he  was  here,  and  that  he  faw  a  church  arife  out  of  the 
earth,  which  grew  up  and  became  a  marvellous  goodly  church. 

After  many  importunings  and  days  of  humiliation  by  thofe 
of  Bofton  and  Roxbury,  to  feek  the  Lord  for  Mr.  Wilde  his 
difpofing,  and  the  advice  of  thofe  of  Plimouth  being  taken,  &c. 
at  length  he  refolved  to  fit  down  with  them  of  Roxbury. 

The  deputy,  Mr.  Thomas  Dudley  being  ftill  difcontented 
tyith  the  Governor,  partly  for  that  the  Governor  had  removed 
the  frame  of  his  hoafe  which  he  had  fet' up  at  Newtown,  and 
partly  for  that  he  took  too  much  authority  upon  him  (as  he  con- 
ceived) renewed  his  complaints  to  Mr.  Wilfon  and  Mr.  Wilde, 
who  acquainting  the  Governor  therewith,  a  meeting  was  a- 
greed  upon  at  Charleftown,  where  were  prefent,  the  Governor 
and  deputy,  Mr.  Noell,  Mr.  Wilfon,  Mr.  Wilde,  Mr.  Mave- 
rick, and  Mr.  Warham.  The  conferrence  being  begun  with 
calling  upon  the  Lord,  the  deputy  begun,— that  however  he 
had  feme  public  grievances,  yet  feeing  he  was  advifed  by  thofe 

prefent 


JOURNAL. 

prefent,  and  divers  of  the  affiftants,  t«  be  filent  in  them,  he  1632 
would  let  them  pafs,  and  fo  come  firft  to  complain  of  the  breach 
of  promife,  both  in  the  Governor  and  others,  in  not  building 
at  Newtown.  The  Governor  anfwered  that  he  had  performed 
the  words  of  the  promife,  for  he  had  a  houfe  up,  and  feven  or 
eight  fervants  abiding  in  it  by  the  day  appointed  ;  and  for  the 
removing  of  his  houfe  he  alledged,  that  feeing  that  the  reft  of 
the  affiftants  went  not  about  to  build,  and  that  his  neighbours 
of  Boflon  had  been  difcouraged  from  a  moving  thither  by  Mr, 
Deputy  himfelf,  and  thereupon  had,  under  all  their  hands, 
petitioned  him  ;  according  to  the  promife  he  had  made  to  them 
when  they  firft  fat  down  with  him  atBofton,  (viz)  that  he  would 
not  remove  except  they  went  with  him,  he  would  not  leave  them: 
which  was  the  occafion  that  he  removed  his  houfe.  Upon  thcfe 
and  other  fpeeches  to  this  purpofe,  the  minifters  went  apart 
for  one  hour,  then  returning,  they  delivered  their  opinion, 
that  the  Governor  was  in  fault  for  removing  his  houfe  fo  fud- 
denly  without  confering  with  the  deputy  and  the  reft  of  the  af- 
fiftants  ;  but  if  the  deputy  were  the  occafion  of  difcouraging 
Bofton-men  from  removing,  it  would  excufe  the  Governor  a 
quanta  but  not  a  tanto.  1  he  Governor  profeffing  himfelf  wil- 
ling to  fubmit  his  opinion  to  the  judgment  of  fo  many  wife  and 
Godly  friends,  acknowledged  himfelf  faulty.  After  dinner 
the  deputy  proceeded  in  his  complaint,  yet  with  this  protef- 
tation,  that  what  he  fhould  charge  the  Governor  with,  was  m 
love,  and  out  of  his  care  of  the  public,  and  that  the  things  he 
fhould  produce  were  but  for  his  own  fatisfa&ion,  and  not  by 
way  of  accufation.  Then  he  demanded  of  him  the  ground  and 
limits  of  his  authority,  whether  by  the  patent  or  otherwife  ? 
The  Governor  anfwered,  that  he  was  willing  to  ftand  to  that 
which  he  propounded,  and  would  challenge  no  greater  autho- 
rity than  he  might  by  the  patent.  The  deputy  replied,  that 
then  he  had  no  more  authority  than  every  affiftant  (except 
power  to  call  courts  and  proceedings  for  honor  and  order). 
The  Governor  anfwered  he  had  more,  for  the  patent  making 
him  a  Governor,  gave  him  whatfoever  power  belonged  to  a 
Governor  by  common  law  or  the  ftatutes,  and  deiired  him  to 
fhew  wherein  he  had  exceeded,  $cc.  Speaking  this  fomewhat 
apprehenfively,  the  deputy  began  to  be  in  a  pafTion,  and  told 
the  Governor  that  if  he  was  fo  round,  he  would  be  round  too. 
The  Governor  bad  him  be  round  if  he  would,  fo  the  deputy 
rofe  up  in  great  paifion  and  fury,  and  the  Governor  grew  very 
hot  alfo,  foas  they  both  fell  into  bitternefs,  but  by  mediation 
of  the  mediators  they  were  both  foon  pacified  ;  then  the  depu- 
ty proceeded  to  particulars,  asfolloweth  ;  ift.  By  what  amh(?- 

ritv 


46  GOVERNOR  wiNTHttop*s 

1632.     rity  the  Governor  removed  the  ordinance  and  ere£led  a  fort  at 

\-— y.  „;  Bofton?  The  Governor  anfwered,  that  the  ordinance    lying 

upon  the  beach  in  danger  of  fpoiling,  and  having  often  com- 

Auguft.     plained  of  it  in  the  court,  and  nothing  done,  with  the  help  of 

clivers  of  the  affiftants,  they  were  mounted  upon  their  carnages 

and  removed  where  they  might  be  of  fome  ufe  :  and  for  the 

fort,  it  had  been  agreed  above  a  year  before,  that  it  fhould 

be  erefted   there,  and  all  this  was    done  without   any  penny 

charge  to   the  public,     ad.  By  what  authority  he  lent  281b. 

powder  to  thofe  of  Plitnouth  ?  Governor's  anfwer. --^It  was  of 

-  his   own  powder,  and  upon   their  urgent  diftrefs,  their  own 
powder  proving  naught  when  they  were  to  fend  to  the   reft  of 
their  men  at  Sowamiett.     3d.  By  what  authority  he  had  li- 

>  cenfed  Edward  Johnfon  to  fet  down  at  Merrimack  ?  Govern- 
or's anfwer.  That  he  had  licenfed  him  only  to  go  forth  on 
trading  (as  he  had  divers  others)  as  belonging  to  his  place. 
4.  By  what  authority  he  had  given  them  at  Watenowa  leave  to 
-ered  a  wear  upon  Charles-river,  and  had  difpofed  of  lands  to 
divers?  Governor's  anfwer.  The  people  of  Watertown  fall- 
ing very  fhort  of  corn  the  lail  year,  for  want  of  fiih,  did  com- 
plain, and  defired  leave  to  eredl  a  wear,  and  upon  this  the 

*  Governor  told  them,  that  he  could   riot  give  them  leave,   but 
they  muft  feek  it  of  the  court,  but  becaufe  it  would  be   long 
before  the  courts  began  again,  and  if  they  deferred  till  then, 
the  feafon  would  be  loft,  wifhed  themto  do  it,  and  there  was 
no  doubt,  but  being  for  To  general  a  good,   the  court   would 
allow  of  it,  and  for  his  part  he  would  employ  all  his  power  in 
the  court,  fo  as  he  mould  fink  under.it,  if  it  were  not  allowed  ; 
and  befides,  thofe  of  Roxbury  had  erefted  a  wear  without  any 
Hcenfe  from  the  court :  and  for  lands,  he  had  not  difpofed  any, 
otherwife  than  the  deputy  and  other  of  the  affiftants  had  done, 
he  had  only  given  his  confent,  and  refered  them  to  the  court  t 
But  the  deputy  had  taken   more  upon  him,    in  that,  without 
order  of  the  court,  he  had  impaled  at  Newtown  above  1000 
acres,  and  had  aiiigned  lands  to  fome    there.      5th.  By  what 
authority  he  had  given  licenfe  to  RatclilF  and  Grey,  (being  ba- 
niftied  men)  to  ftay  within  our  limirs  ?  Governor's   anfwer. 
He  did  it  by  that  authority  which  was  granted  him  in  court, 
viz.  That  upon  any  fentence  in  criminal  caufes,  the  Governor 
might,    upon  caufe,  ftay  the  execution   till  the  next  court,-— 
now  the  caufe  was,  that  being  in  the  winter  they  muft  otherwife 
have  perimed.     6th.    Why  the   fines   were   not  levied  ?  Go- 
vernor's anfwer.     It  belonged  to  the  fecretary  and  not  to  him, 
he  never  refilled  to"  fign  any  that  were  brought  to  him ;  nay, 
he  had  called  upon  the  fecretary  for  it ;  yet  he  confeiTed  that  it 

was        \ 


JOURNAL.  /Tt 

was  his  judgment,  that  it  were  not  fit  in  the  infancy  of  a  Com- 
monwealth  to  be  too  ftricl:  in  levying  fines,  tho  fevere  in  other 
punifhments. 

The  deputy  having  made  an  end,  the  Governor  defired  the! 
mediators  to  con fider,  whether  he  had  exceeded  his    authority 
or  net,  and  how  little  caufe  the   deputy  had   to  charge  him 
with  it  ;  for  if  he  had  made  fome  (lips  in    two  or  three   years 
government,  he  ought  rather  to  have  covered  them,  feeing  he 
could  not  be  charged  that  he  had  taken  advantage   of  his    au- 
thority to  opprefs  or  wrong  any  man,  or  to  benefit  himfelf,  but 
for  want  of  a  ftock  had  difburfed  all  common  charges  out  of  his 
own  eftate,  whereas  the  deputy  would  never  lay  out  one  pen- 
ny ;  and  bcfides  that   he  could  {hew  him,   under  his  hand,  that 
would  convince  him  of  a  greater  exceeding  his  authority,  than 
all  that  the  deputy  could  charge  him  with,  viz.     That  where- 
as Bink?  and  Johnfon  were  bound  in  open  court,  to    appear  at 
next  court  to  account  to  &c.  he  had  out  of  court,  difcharged 
them  of  their  appearance^     The    deputy  anfwered,  that   the 
party  to  whom  they  were  to  account,  came  to  him  and  confef- 
fed  that  he  was  fatisfied,  and  that  the  parties  were  to  go  to  Vir- 
ginia, fo  he  thought  he  might  difcharge   them.     Though    the 
Governor  might  juftly  have  refufed  to    anfwer   thefe  7   articles 
wherewith  the  deputy  had  charged  him,  both  for  that   he  had 
no  knowledge  of  them  before  (the  meeting  being  only  for  the 
deputy  his  perfonal  grievances)  and  alfo  for  that  the   Governor 
was,  not  to  give  account  of  his  actions  to  any  but  the  court,  yet 
out  of  his  defire  of  the  public  peace,  and  to  clear  his  reputation 
with  thofe  to  whom  the  deputy  had  accufed  him,  he  was  willing 
to  give  him  fatisfa&ion,  to  the  end    he    might    free  him  from 
'fuch  jealofies  as  he  had  conceived  that  the   Governor  intended 
to  make  himfelf  popular,  that  he  might  gain  abfolute   power, 
and  bring  all  the  aftiftants  under  his  fubjedlton  ;  whkh  was  ve- 
ry improbable,  (being  the  Governor  had  propounded  in  court 
tohave  an  order  eftabliihed  for  limiting  the  Governor's  autho- 
rity, and  had  himfelf  drawn  articles  for  that   end  which   had 
been  approved  and  eflablimed   by  the  whole  court  ;  neither 
could  he  juftly  be  charged  to  have  tranfgreffed  any  of  them,    So 
the  meeting  breaking  up  without  any  other  conclusion  but  the 
commending  the  fuccefs  of  it  by  prayer  to  the  Lord  ;  the  Go- 
vernor brought  the  deputy  onward  his  way,  and   every  man 
went  to  his  own  home. 

The  Sachem  who  was  joined  with  Canonieus  t-ke  great  fach-  Au£u/l 
cm  of  Naraganfett  called  Mecumeh,  after  Miantonomoh,  be- 
ing at  Boflon  where  he  had  lodged  two  nights  with  his   fquaw 
and  about  12  fannops,  being  prefcnt  at  the  formon,  three  of 

F  bn 


42  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

his  fannops  went  in  the  meantime  and  broke  into  a  neighbour- 
ing houfe,  &c.  complaint  being  made  thereof  to  the  Gover- 
nor, after  evening  exercife  he  told  the  fachem  of  it,  and  with 
fome  difficulty,  caufed  him  to  make  one  of  his  fannops  to  beat 
them,  and  then  fent  them  out  of  the  town,  but  brought  the 
fachem  and  the  reft  of  the  company  to  his  houfe,  and  made 
much  of  them  (as  he  had  done  before)  which  they  feemed  to- 
be  well  pleafed  with,  but  that  evening  he  departed. 

At  a  court  not  long  before,  two  of  Chickatabotts  men  were 
convened  and  convictedfor  affaulting  fomeEngliih  of  Dorchelter 
in  their  houfes  &c.  They  were  put  in  the  bilboes,  and  Chicka-- 
tabot  required  to  beat  them,  which  he  did. 

x        The  congregation  of  Bofton  and    Charleftown    begun   the 
meeting  houfe  at  Bofton,  for  which,  and  Mr.  Wilfon's    houfe 
they  had  made  a  voluntary  contribution  of  about  i  zoL 
34  Fair  weather  and  fmall  wind,  and  N.  E.  at   Bofton,  and  at 

the  fame  time  fuch  a  tempefl  of  wind  a  little  without  the  bay, 
as  no  boat  could  bear  fail,  and  one  had  her  maiV  torn  by  the 
board.  So  again  when  there  hath  a  very  tempeil  at  N.  W.  or 
W.  in  the  bay,  there  hath  been  a  ftark  calm  one  league  or  two 
cif  (hore.  This  furnmer  was  very  wet  and  cold,  except  now 
and  then  a  hot  day  or  two,  which  caufed  a  great  ftore  of  'muf- 
ketoes  and  rattle-fnakes.  The  corn  in  dry  fandy  ground  was 
mudi  better  than  other  years,  but  in  the  Hatter  ground  much 
worfe ;  and  in  Boilon  &c.  much  morn  down  clofe'  by  the 
ground  with  worms.  The  windmill  was  brought  down  to  Bof- 
ton, becaufewhen  it  ftood  near  Watertown  it  would  not  grind 
but  with  a  \veilerly  wind. 

Mr.  Pelham  had  a  fmall  houfe  near  the  wear  at  Watertown, 
made  all  of  clapboards,  burnt  down  by  making  a  fire  in  it  when 
it  had  no  chimney. 

This  wee*  they  harveded  in  barley  and  oats  at  Sagus  above 
20  acres  good  corn,  andflrove  with  the  plough. 

Great  ilore  of  eels  and  lobfters  in  the  bay  ;  two  or  three  boy* 
have  brought  in  a  bu-fliel  of  great  eels  at  a  time,  and  60  great 
lobfters. 

The  Braintree  company  which  had  began  to  fit  down  at 
Mount  Woolafton  by  order  of  court,  removed  to  Ncwtown. 
Thefe  were  Mr.  Hooker's  company. 

2O  The  Governor's  wife  was  delivered  of  a  fon  who  was  baptiz- 

ed by  the   name  of  William,  the   Governor  himfelf  held  the 
child  to  baptize,  as  others  in  the  congregation  did  ufe.     Wil- 
liam fignifies  a  common  man. 
30  Notice  being  given  often  Sagamores  and  many  Indians   af- 

fembled  at  Muddy  River,  the  Governor  fent  Capt.  C — - 

wills 


JOURNAL.  43 

with  20  mufketeers  to  difcqver,  &c.  butatRoxbury  they  heard 
they  were  broke  up. 

One  Hopkins  of  Watertown  was  convicted  for  felling  a  piece 
and  piftol  with  powder  and  mot  to  fames  Sagamore,  for  which 
he  had  i~ntence  to  be  whipped  and  branded  on  the  check.  It 
was  difcovered  by  an  India?  one  of  James's  men,  upon  pro- 
mife  of  concealing  him,  for  otherwife  he  was  fare  to  be  killed. 

The  minifters  afterward,  for  an  end  of  the  difference  be- 
tween the  Governor  and  deputy,  ordered  that  the  Governor 
fhould  procure  them  a  miaUler  at  Newtown,  and  contribute 
fome  towards  his  maintenance  for  a  time,  or  if  he  could  not 
by  the  fpring  effect  that,  then  to  give  the  deputy  towards  his 
charges  in  building  there  20!.  The  Governor  accepted  this  or- 
der, and  promifed  to  perform  it  in  one  of  the  kinds.  But  the 
deputy  having  received  one  part  of  the  order,  returned  the 
fame  to  the  governor,  wkh  his  reafon  to  Mr.  Wilfon,  that  he 
was  fo  well  perfuaded  of  the  Governor's  love  to  him  and  did 
prize  it  fo  much,  as  if  he  had  given  him  lool.  inftead  of  20!. 
he  would  not  have  taken  it.  Notwithftandlng  the  heat,  of  con- 
tention which  had  been  between  the  governornor  and  deputy, 
yet. they  peaceably  met  about  their  affairs,  and  that  without  a- 
ny  appearance  of  any  breach  or  diicoritent,  and  ever  after 
kept  peace  and  good  corrcfpondency  together  in  love  and 
friendfhip. 

One  Jenkins  late  an  inhabitant  at  Dorchefter,  and  now  re- 
moved to  Cape  Porpus,  went  with  an  Indian  up  into  the  coun- 
try with  flore  of  goods  to  truck,  and  being  a  fleep  in  a  wig- 
wam with  one  of  Pafaconnmy's  men,  was  killed  in  the  night 
by  an  Indian,  dwelling  near  the  Mohawk  country^  who  made 
away  with  his  goods,  but  was  fetched  back  by  ParTaconamy's 
company.  There  was  much  fufpicion  that  the  Indians  had 
fome  plot  againft  the  Engliih,  both  for  that  many  Naraganfett 
men,  &c.  gathered  together,  who,  with  thofe  pf  thefe  parts 
pretended  to  make  war  upon  the  Mipfett  men,  and  divers  in- 
iblent  fpeeches  were  ufed  by  fome  of  them,  and  they  did  not 
frequent  our  hpufes  as  they  were  wont,  and  one  of  their  pawa- 
wes  told  us  that  there  was  a  confpiracy  to  cut  us  off  to  get  our 
victuals  and  other  fubftance.  Upon  this  there  was  a  camp 
pitched  at  Bofton  in  the  night,  to  exercife  the  foldiers  againft 
need  might  be  ;  and  Captain  Underbill,  to  try  how  they  would 
behave  themfelves,  caufed  an  alarm  to  be, given  upon  the 
quarters,  which  difcovered  the  weaknefs  of  our  people,  who 
like  men  amazed,  knew  not  how  to  behave  themfelves,  fo  as 
the  officers  could  not  draw  them  into  any  order.  All  the  reft 
of  the  plantations  took  the  alarm  and  anfvvered  it,  but  it  caufed 

much 


44  GOVERNOR    WINTHROF's 

1632.  much  fear  and  diftraftion  among  the  common  fort,  fo  as  fome 
which  knew  of  it  before,  yet  through  fear  had  forgotten,  and 
bfJieved  the  Indians  had  been  upon  us.  We  doubled  our 
guards  and  watched  each  day  and  night. 

14  The  rumour  Hill  increafing,  the  three  next  fagamores   were 

fent  for,  who  came  prefently  to  the 'Governor, 

1 6  Being  the  Lord's    day,   in  the  evening  Mr.  Pierce,  in  the 

fhip  I. yon,  arrived,  and  came  to  an  anchor  before  Eoilon.  He 
brought  123  paffengers,  whereof  50  children,  all  in  health  and 
left  not  one  perfon  by  the  way,  fave  his  carpenter,  who  fell  o- 
verboard  as  he  was  caulking  a  port.  They  had  been  twelve 
weeks  aboard,  and  eight  weeks  from  the  lands  end.  He  had 
5  days  E.  wind  and  thick  fog,  fo  as  he  was  forced  to  come  all 
that  time  by  his  lead,  and  the  firft  land  he  made  was  Cape 
Anne. 

22  The  Barnftable  fhip,   went  out  at  Helens  point   to  Marble 

Harbour. 

27  A  day  of  thankfgiving  at  Bofton  for  the  good  news  of  the 

profperous  fucceffion  of  the  King  of  Sweeden,  &c.  and  for 
theiafe  arrival  of  the  laft  Ihip  and  all  the  patfengers. 
Oct.  j8.  Captain  Camock  and  one  Mr.  Godfry,  a  merchant  came 
from  Pifcataquack  in  Captain  Neale  his  pinnace,  and  brought 
16  hogflieads  of  corn  to  the  mill.  They  went  away  Novem- 
ber, 

25  The  Governor  with  Mr.  Wilfon,  pallor  of  Bofton,  and  the 

two  Captains,  &c.  went  aboard  the  Lyon,  and  from  thence  Mr. 
Pierce  carried  them  in  his  (hallop  to  Maflagafcus.  The  next 
morning  Mr.  Pierce  returned  to  his  {hip,  and  the  Governor 
and  his  company  went  on  foot  to  Plimouth,  and.  came  thither 
within  the  evening.  7  he  Governor  of  Plimouth,  Mr.  Willi- 
am Bradford  (a  very  difcreet  grave  man)  with  Mr.  Brewfler 
the  Elder,  and  fome  others,  came  forth  and  met  them  without 
i!he  town,  and  conducted  them  to  the  Governor's  houfe,  where 
hey  were  kindly  entertained,  and  feafted  every  day  at  feveral 
houfes.  On  the  Lord's  day  was  a  facrament  which  they 
xlid  partake  in  ;  and  in  the  "afternoon  Mr.  Roger  Williatns  (ac- 
cording to  their  caftom)  propounded  a  queftion,  to  which  the 
paftor,  Mr.  Smith  fpake  briefly,  then  Mr.  Williams  prophe- 
iied,  and  after  the  Governor  of  Plimouth  fpake  to  the  quefti- 
on :  after  him  the  elder,  then  fome  two  or  three  more  of  the 
congregation.  Then  the  elder  defired  the  Governor  of  Maf- 
fachufetts  and  Mr.  Wilfon  to  fpeak  to  it,  which  they  did. 
When  this  was  ended,  the  deacon,  Mr.  Fuller,  put  the  con- 
gregation in  mind  of  their  duty  of  contribution,  upon  which 

the 


JOURNAL.  45 

the  Governor  and  all  the  reft  went  down  to  the  deacon's  feat      1632. 
and  put  into  the  bag,  and  then  returned.          ( 

The  wind  N.  W.  Mr.  Pierce  fet  fail  for  Virginia. 

Being  Wednefday,  about  5  in  the  morning,  the  Governor 
and  his  company  came  out  of  Plimouth  ;  the  Governor  of  Pli- 
mouth  with  the  pallor  and  elder,  &c.  accompanying  them  near 
half  a  mile  out  of  town  in  the  dark.  The  Lieutenant  Holmes 
with  two  others  and  the  Governor's  man,  came  along  with 
them  to  the  great  fwamp  about  10  miles.  When  they  came  to 
the  great  river  they  were  carried  over  by  one  Laddham  their  •£  •'• 
guide  (as  they  had  been  when  they  came)  the  llream  being 
very  ftrong  and  up  to  the  crotch,  fo  the  Governor  called  that 
paiTage  Luddham's  ford.  Then  they  came  to  a  place  called 
Hue's  crofs,  the  Governor  being  difpleafed  at  the  name,  ia 
refpccl:  that  fuch  things  might  hereafter  give  the  papifts  occa- 
fion  to  fay  that  their  religion  was  firft  planted  in  thefe  parts, 
changed  the  name,  and  called  it  Hue's  folly:  fo  they  came 
that  evening  to  MafTagafcus  where  they  were  bountifully  en- 
tertained, as  before  with  ftore  of  turkies,  geefe,  ducks,  &c. 
and  the  next  day  came  fafe  to  Bofton. 

About  this  time  Mr.  Dudley  his  houfe  at  Watertown  was 
prcferved  from  burning  down,  and  all  his  family  from  being 
diftroyed  by  gun-powder,  by  a  marvellous  deliverance  :  The 
hearth  of  the  hall  chimney  burning  all  night  upon  a  principal 
and  {lore  of  powder  being  near,  and  not  difcovered  till  they 
arofein  the  morning,  and  then  it  began  to  flame  out. 

Mr.  Jo.  Eliot,  a  member  of  Bofton  congregation,  and  one 
whom  the  company  intended  prefently  to  call  to  the  office  of 
teacher,  was  called  to  be  a  teacher  to  the  company  at  Roxbury, 
and  tho  Bofton  laboured  all  they  could,  both  with  the  congre- 
gation of  Roxbury  and  with  Mr.  Eliot  himfelf,  alledging  their 
want  of  him,  and  the  covenant  between  them  &c.  yet  he  could  Nor  5, 
not  be  diverted  from  accepting  the  call  of  Roxbury,  fo  he  was 
difmifled.  About  a  fortnight  before  this,  thofe  of  Charlef- 
town,  who  had  formerly  been  joined  to  Bofton  congregation  ; 
now  in  regard  of  the  difficulty  of  paflage  in  the  winter,  and 
having  opportunity  of  a  paftor,,  one  Mr,  James  who  came  o- 
ver  at  this  time,  were  difmiffed  from  the  congregation  of  Bof- 
ton. The  congregation  of  Watertown  difcharged  their  elder, 
Richard  Brown,  of  his  office  for  his  unfitnefs  in  regard  of  his 
pafiion  and  diftemper  in  fpeech,  having  been  often  admonifh- 
cd  and  declared  his  repentance  for  it. 

The  Governor  received  a  letter  from  Capt.  Neale,  that  D.        M 
Bull  and  1 5  more  of  the  Englifh  who  kept  about  the  eaft,  were 
turned  pirates  and  had  taken  divers  boats,  and  rifled  Penna- 

quid 


46  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1632.     quid,  &c.     Hereupon   the  Governor  called  a  council,  and  it 
l.  — y  .>  was  agreed  to  fend  his  bark  with  20  men,  to  join  with  thofe  of 
Pifcataquack  for  the  taking  of  the  faid  pirates. 

Nov.  23,  A  faft  was  held  by  the  congregation  of  pofton  and  Mr. 
Wilfon  (formerly  their  teacher) ,  was  chofen  paftor,  and  — i — 
Oliver  a  ruling  elder,  and  both  were  ordained  by  impofition  of 
hands,  firft  by  the  teacher,  and  then  two  deacons  (in  the 
name  of  the  congregation)  upon  the  elder,  and  then  by  the 
'elder  and  the  deacons  upon  the  pallor. 

Dec.  4.  At  a  meeting  of  ail  the  afliftants,  it  was  agreed,  in  regard 
that  the  extremity  of  the  feafon  and  froft  had  hindered  the  ma- 
king ready  of  the  bark,  and  that  they  had  certain  intelligence 
that  thofe  of  Pifcataq.  had  fent  out  two  pinnaces  and  two  fhal- 
lops  above  a  fortnight  before,  to  defer  any  further  expedition 
againft  the  pirates  till  -they  heard  what  was  done  by  thofe  ; 
and  for  that  end  it  was  agreed  to  fend  prefently  a  fhallop  to 
5  Pifcataq.  to  learn  news,  &c.  Accordingly  the  Governor  dif- 
patched  away  Jo.  Gallopp  with  his  fhallop,  the  wind  being 
very  great  at  S.  W.  he  could  ^each  no  farther  than  Cape  Anne 
harbour  that  night,  and  the  wind  blowing  Northerly  he  was 
kept  there  fo  long  that  it  was  Jan.  the  2d,  before  he  returned. 
By  letters  from  Capt.  Neale,  and  Mr.  Hilton,  &c.  it  was  cer- 
tified that  they  had  fent  out  all  the  forces  they  could  make  a- 
gainfl  the  pirates,  viz.  four  pinnaces  and  fhallops,  and  about 
40  men,  who  coming  to  Pemaquid,  were  there  wind  bound  a- 
bout  3  weeks.  It  was  further  advertifed  by  -fome  that  came 
from  Penobfcott,  that  the  pirates  had  loft  one  of  their  chief 
men  by  a  muiket  fhot  from  Pemaquid,  and  that  there  remained 
but  15,  whereof  four  or  five  were  detained  againft  their  wills, 
a,nd  that  they  had  been  at  fome  Englifh  plantations,  and  taken 
nothing  from  them  but  what  they  paid  for,  and  that  they  had 
given  another  pinnace  in  exchance  for  that  of  Mr.  Maverick, 
and  as  much  beaver  and  otter  as  ifwas  vvorih  more,  &c. — and 
that  they  had  made  a  law  againft  exceffive  drinking,  and  that, 
their  order  was,  at  fuch  times  as  other  mips  ufe  to  have  pray- 
er, they  would  afTemble  upon  the  deck,  -and  one  fmg  a  fcng 
or  fpeak  a  few  fenfelefs  fentences,  &c.  They  alio  fent  a 
writing  directed  to  all  the  Governors,  fignifying  their  intent 
not  to  do  harm  to  any  more  of  their  countrymen,  but  to  goto 
the  fouthward  and  advife  them  not  to  fend  againft  them,  for 
they  were  refolved  to  ftrike  themfelves  raiher  than  be  taken  : 
Signed  underneath  fortune  le  garde,  and  no  more  to  it. 

1633  Mr.  Oliver  a  right  godly  man  and   elder  of  the    church  of 

Jan,  9,     Bofton,  having  three  or  four  of  his  fons,  all  very  young,  cut- 
ting down  wood  upon  the  rocks,  one  of  them. >  being  about 


J    O    U    R    N    A    L.  47 

15  years  old,  had  his  brains  beaten  out  with  the  fall  of  a  tree 
which  he  had  felled. — The  good  old  father  having  the  news  of 
it  in  as  fearful  a  manner  as  might  be,  by  another  boy  his  bro- 
ther, called  his  wife  (being  alfo  a  Very  godly  woman)  and 
went  to  prayer  ;  and  boi'e  it  with  much  patience  and  honor. 

The  Governor  having  intelligence  from  the  'Halt,  that  the  17 
French  had  bought  the'  Scottish  plantation  neai"  Cape  Sable, 
and  that  the  fort  and  all  the  ammunition  were  delivered  to 
them,  and  that  the  Cardiriall  having  the.  managing  thereof, 
had  fent  fom'e  companies  already,  and  preparations  was  made 
to  fend  many  more  the  next  year,  and  divers  priefts  and 
Jefuits  among  them,  called  the  affiftants  to  Bofton,  and  the 
minifters  and  captains  and  fome  other  chiefmen,  to,advife  what 
was  fit  to  be  done  for  our  fafety,  in  the  regard  the  French 
were  like  to  prove  ill  neighbours  (being  papifts)  at  which 
meeting  it  was  agreed,  that  a  plantation  and  a  fort  ihould 
forthwith  be  begun  at  Natafcott,  partly  to  be  ftone  block  in  an 
cnemie's  way,  tho  it  could  not  bar  their  entrance,  and  efpeci- 
ally  to  prevent  an  enemy  from  taking  that  parTage  from  us, 
and  alfb  that  the  fort  begun  at  Bofton  mould  be  finifhed.  Alfo 
that  a  plantation  mould  be  begun  at  Agawam  (being  the  belt 
place  in  the  land  for  tillage  and  cattle)  leil  an  enemy  finding 
it  void,  fhculd  polTefs  and  take  it  from  us.  The  Governor's 
fon  (being  one  of  the  affiftants)  was  to  undertake  this,  and  to 
take  no  more  out  of  the  bay  than  twelve  men,  the  reft  to  be 
fuppliedat  the  coming  of  the  next  ihips. 

A  maid  fervant  of  Mr.  Skelton  of   Sajem,  going  towards 
Sagus  was  loft  feven  days,  and  at  length  came  home  to  Salem. 
All    that  .time    J(he   was  in  the   woods,    having  no  kind  of 
food,  thefaovv  being  very  deep,  and  as  cold  as  at  any  time 
that  winter.     She  was  fo  frozen  into  the  fnow  fome  morning* 
as  fhe  was  one  hour  before  {he  could  get  up,  yet  me  foon  re- ' 
covered   and  did  well  through  the   Lord's    wonderful  provi- ' 
d'ence. 

About  the  beginning  of  this  month  of  January,  thepinnacet 
which  went  after  the  pirates  returned  ;  the  cold  being  fo  great 
as  they  could  not  purfue  them,  but  in  their  return  they  hang- 
ed up  at  Richman's-ifle  and  Indian,  one  Black  Will,  one  of 
thofe  who  had  there  murdered  Walter  Bagnall.  Three  of  the 
pirates  company  ran  from  them  and  came  home. 

Mr.  Edward  Winflow  chofen   Governor  of  Plimouth,  Mr.         21 
Bradford  having  been  governor  about  ten  years,  and  now  by 
importunity  got  off.  Feb.  2\ 

The  Governor  and  four  of  the  affiftants,  with  three  of  the 
minifters  and  others,  about  26  in  all,  went  in  three  boats  to 

view 


48  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1633.     view  Natafcott,  the  wind  W.  fair  weather,  but  the  wind  arof* 
*— -v— — '  at  N.  W.  fo  ilrong,  and  extreme  cold  that  they  were  kept  there 
February,  two  nights,  being  forced  to  lodge  upon  the  ground  in  an  open 
cottage  upon  a  little  old  ftraw,    which  they  pulled  from  the 
thatch.     Their  victuals  alfo  grew  fhort,  fo  as  they  were  forced 
to  eat   muflcles  ;  yet  they  were  wry  merry  and  came  all  fafe 
home  the  3d   day  after,    thro  the  Lord's  fpecial  providence, 
Ujpon  view  of  the  place  it  was  agreed  by  all,  that  to  build  a 
fort   there,  would  be  of  too  great  charge,  and  of  little  ufe, 
whereupon  the  planting  of  that  place  was  deferred. 
22  Or  thereabouts,  the  {hip  William  Mr.  Trevere,  mafter,  ar- 

rived at  Plimouth  with  fome  paffengers  and  goods  for  the  Maf- 
fachufetts  Bay,  but  fhe  came  tofet  up  a  fifhing  at  Scituate,  and 
fo  to  go  to  trade  at  Hudfon's  river.  By  this  ihip  we  had  intel- 
ligence from  our  friends  in  England,  that  Sir  Ferdinand 
Georges  and  Capt.  Mafon,  upon  the  inftigation  of  Sir  Chrifto- 
pher  Gardiner,  Morton  and  Ratcliff,  had  preferred  a  petition 
to  the  Lords  of  the  Privy  Council,  againft  us,  charging  us  with 
many  falfe  accufations,  but  thro  the  Lord's  good  providence, 
and  the  care  of  our  friends  in  England,  efpecially  Mr.  Down- 
ing, who  had  married  the  Governors  fitter,  and  the  good  tef- 
timony  given  on  our  behalf  by  one  Capt.  Wiggin,  who  dwelt 
at  Pifcat.  ,and  had  been  divers  times  among  us,  their  malici- 
ous practice  took  not  effect.  The  principal  matter  they  had 
againft  us,  was  the  letters  of  fome  indifcreet  perfons  among  us, 
who  had  written  againft  the  church  government,  &c,  which 
had  been  intercepted  by  occafion  of  the  death  of  Capt.  Levett, 
who  carried  them  and  died  at  fea. 

26  Two  little  girls  of  the  Governor's  family  were  fitting  under 

a  great  heap  of  logs,  plucking  of  birds,  and  the  wind  driving 
the  feathers  into  the  houfe,  the  Governor's  wife  caufed  them  to 
remove  away  ;  they  were  no  fooner  gone,  but  the  whole  heap 
of  logs  fell  down  in  the  place,  and  had  cruflied  them  to  death, 
if  the  Lord,  in  his  fpecial  providence,  had  not  delivered  them. 
March  The  Governor's  fon  Jo.  Winthrop  went  with  twelve  men  to 
Kegin  a  plantation  at  Agawam,  after  called  Ipfwich. 

One  John  Edye  a  Godly  man  of  Watertovvn  congregation, 
fell  diftracled,  and  getting  out  one  evening,  could  not  be 
found,  but  eight  days  after,  he  came  again  of  himfelf.  He 
had  kept  his  ftrength  and  colour,  yet  had  eaten  nothing  (as 
muft  needs  be  conceived)  all  that  time.  He  recovered  hig 
underftanding  again  in  good  meafure,  and  lived  very  order- 
ly, but  would  now  and  then  be  a  little  diftempcred. 
April  10.  There  arrived  Mr.  Hodges  one  of  Mr.  Pierce  his  Mate. 
He  came  from  Virginia  in  a  fhollop,  and  brought  news  that 

Mr- 


,  X  O    U    R    N    A    L* 

.  Mr.  Pierce  his  (hip  was  caft  away  upon  a  fhoal  four  miles  fro;n 
Feake  Ifle,  ten  leagues  to  the  N*  of  the  mouth  of  Virginia  bay, 
November  zd.  about  one  in  the  morning,  the  wind  S.  W . 
thro  the  negligence  of  one  of  his  mates  who  had  the  watch  and 
kept  not  his  lead  as  he  was  appointed.  They  had  a  ifhallop 
and  their  (hip's  boat  aboard.  All  that  went  into  the  mallop 
came  fafe  on  more,  but  the  (hip's  boat  was.  funk  by'  the  (hip's 
iide  and  men  drowned  in  her,  and  ten  of  them  were  taken 
up  alive  into  the  (hallop.  There  were  in  the  (hip  28  feamcn 
and  10  paffengers,  of  thole  were  drowned  7  feamen  and  5  paf- 
fengers,  and  all  the  goods  were  loft  except  one  hogfhead  of 
beaver,  and  mod  of  the  letters  were  faved,  and  fome  other 
fmall  things  which  were  driven  on  more  the  next  day  when  the 
.ihip  was  broken  in-  pieces.  They  were  9  days  in  much  diftrefs 
before  they  found  any  Englilh.  PlimQuthmen  loll  four*  Hhdsw  *  j£  poo, 
of  beaver  and  200  otter  (kins.  The  Governor  of  Madachu- 
fetts  loft  in  beaver  and  fifti  which -he  fent  to  Virginia,  &c.'near 
lool.  many  others  loii  (kins,  and!  Mr.  Humphry  fim. 

The  William  and  James  Mr.   Bradock  matter  arrived  with       May* 
.  30  pafTengers  and  ten  cows,  one  mare  ;  (he'came  in  fix  weeks 
,from  London. 

The  Mary  and  James  arrived*  Mr,  Rofe   mafler,  (he  camp 
from  London  in  feven  weeks,  and  brought  196  pafTengers  ^on- 
ly two  children  died).     Mr.   Coddington  one  of  the    afliftants., 
.and  his  wife,  came. in  her.     In  her  return  (he   was  call    away 
upon  T(le  Sable,  but         men  were  faved. .    By  thefe  mips  we 
underftood  that  Sir  Chriftopher  Gardiner  aud  Thomas  Morton 
and  Philip  Ratclilre  (who  had  been  punimeci  here  for  their  mif- 
demeanors)  ha^  petitioned  to  the  King  aud  Council  againfl  us> 
being  fet  on  by  Sir  Ferdinand     Gorges  and   Captain  Mafon, 
who  had  began  a  plantation  at   Pjfcat.     and  aimed  at  the  ge- 
neral government  of  N.  England. for  their  agent  here   Captain 
Neale.    'The  petitions  was  of  many  meets  of  paper  and   con- 
tained many  falfe  accufations  (an$  among  fome,  truths  mifre- 
preprefented)    accusing  us  to  intend* rebellion  to  have  caft  c'iF 
our  allegiance,  and  to  be  wholly  feparate  from  the  church  an-i 
laws  of  England.     That  oar  minifters  and  people    did  conti- 
nually rail  againfl  the   (late,  church  and  biiliops  there,    &c. 
Upon  which  fuch  of  our  company  as  were    then    in  England 
(viz)  Sir  Richard  Saltonftall,  Mr.   Humphry,  and   Mr.   Cra- 
dock,  were  called  before  a  committee  of  the  council  to  whom 
they  delivered  in  an  anfwer  in  writing.     Upon  reading  where- 
of, it  pleafed  the  Lord,  our  gracious  God  and  protestor,  fo  to 
work  with  the  Lord's,  and  after  with  the  King's  majefty,  when 
the  whole  matter  was  reported  to  him  by  Sir  Thomas  Fermin 
G  -   - 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

one  of  the  council  (but  not  of  the  committe  who  had  been  pre*- 
fent  at  the  three  days  of  hearing,  and  fpake  much  in  the  com- 
mendation of  the  Governor  both  to  the  Lord's  and  after  to  his 
Majefty)  that  he  faid  he  would  have  them  feverely  punimed 
who  did  abufe  this  government  and  the  plantations,  that  the  de- 
fendants were  difmifTed  with  a  favorable  order, — for  their  en- 
couragement being  affured  from  fome  of  the  council  that  his 
Majefty  did  not  intend  toimpofe  the  ceremonies  of  the  church 
of  England  upon  us ;  for  that  it  was  confidered  that  it  was  the 
freedom  from  fuch  things  that  made  people  come  over  to  us  ; 
and  it  was  credibly  informed  to  the  council  that  this  country 
would  in  time,  be  very  beneficial  to  England  for  malls,  cord- 
age, £c.  if  the  found  mould  be  debarred. 

We  fent  forth  a  pinnace  after  the  pirate  Bull,  but  after  me 
had  been  forth  two  months,  me  came  home  having  not  found 
him.  After,  we  heard  he  was  gone  to  the  French.  A  Dutch 
pink  arrived  here  which  had  been  to  the  Southward  a  trading. 

June  2.  Captain  Stone  arrived  with  a  fmall  fhip  with  cows  and  fome 
fait.  The  Governor  of  Plimouth  fent  Captain  Standifh  to  pro- 
fecute  againft  him  for  piracy.  The  caufe  was  began  at*  the 
Dutch  plantation,  where  a  pinnace  of  PUmouth  coming,  and 
Captain  Stone  and  the  Dutch  Governor  having  been  drinking 
together,  Capt  Stone,  upon  pretence  that  thofe  of  Plimouth 
had  reproached  them  of  Virginia  from  whence  he  came  (with 
the  Governor's  confent)  feized  upon  their  pinnace,  and  offer- 
ed to  carry  her  away,  but  the  Dutchmen  wrefted  her,  and  the 
next  day  the  Governor  and  Captain  Stone  intreated  the  mafter 
of  the  pinnace  (being  one  of  the  council  of  Plimouth)  to  pafs 
it  by,  which  he  promifed  by  a  folemn  inftrument  under  his 
hand  ;  yet  upon  his  earneft  profecution  at  court,  we  bound  o- 
ver  Captain  Stone,  with  two  fureties,  to  appear  in  the  admi- 
ralty court  in  England.  But  after,  thofe  of  Plimouth  being 
perfuaded  that  it  would  turn  to  their  reproach,  and  that  it 
would  be  no  piracy,  with  their  confent,  we  withdrew  the  re- 
cog  nizancy. 

Mr.  Graves  in  the  fhip  Eliz.  bonadventnre  from  Yarmouth, 
15         arrived  with  95   pafTengers,  and   34  Dutch   fheep,  and  two 
mares.     They  came  from  Yarmouth  in  fix  weeks,  loll  not  one 
perfon  but  above  40  fheep. 

,  19  A  day  of  thankfgiving  was   kept  in  all   the   congregations 

for  our  delivery  from  the  plots  of  our  enemies,  and  for  thefafc 
arrival  of  our  friends,  &c. 

July  2.  At  a  court  it  was  agreed, that  the  Governor,  John  Winthrop, 
mould  have  towards  his  charges  this  year,  150!.  and  the  mo- 
ney which  he  had  difburfed  in  public  bufinefs,  a«  officers  wages, 


JOURNAL.  5l 

&c.  being  between  two  and  three  hundred  pounds,  ftiould  be 
further  paid. 

Mr.  Edward  Winflow,  Governor  of  PHmouth,  and  Mr. 
Bradford  came  into  the  bay,  and  went  away  the  i8th.  They 
came  partly  to  confer  about  joining  in  a  trade  to  Connecticut,  for 
beaver  and  hemp ;  There  was  a  motion  to  fet  up  a  trading 
houfe  there,  to  prevent  theDutch  who  were  about  to  build  one, 
but  in  regard  the  place  was  not  fit  for  plantation,  there  being 
three  or  four  thousand  warlike  Indians,  and  the  river  not  to  be 
gone  into  but  by  fmall  pinnaces,  having  a  barr  affording  but 
fix  feet  at  high  water,  and  for  that  no  veiTels  can  get  in  for  7 
months  in  the  year,  partly  by  reafon  of  the  ice,  and  then  the 
violent  ftream,  &c.  we  thought  not  fit  to  meddle  with  it. 

A  fliip  arrived  from  Waymouth,  with  about  eighty  paflen-  24 
gers  and  1 2  kine,  which  fet  down  at  Dorchefter  ;  they  were  1 2 
weeks  coming,  being  forced  into  the  Weftern  Iflands  by  a 
leak,  where  they  flayed  three  weeks,  and  were  very  courte- 
oufly  ufed  by  the  Portuguefe,  but  the  extremity  of  the  heat 
there,  and  the  continual  rain,  brought  ficknefs  upon  them,  fb 
as  died.  Much  ficknefs  at  Plimouth,  and  above  twenty 
died  of  peftilent  fevers.  Mr.  Graves  returned  and  carried  a 
freight  of  fifh  from  hence  and  Plimouth.  By  him  the  Gover- 
nor and  afliftants  fentananfwer  to  the  petition  of  Sir  Chriflo-v 
pher  Gardiner,  and  withal  a  certificate  from  the  old  planters 
concerning  the  carriage  of  affairs,  &c. 

Two  men  fervants  to  one  Moodye,  of  Roxbury,  returning  in  Augufl  6. 
a  boat  from  the  Windmill,  (truck  upon  the  oyfler  bank.  They 
went  out  to  gather  oyflers,  and  not  making  fail  their  boat  when 
the  flood  came  it  floated  away,  and  they  were  both  drowned, 
altho  they  might  have  waded  out  on  either  fide,  but  it  was 
an  evident  judgment  of  God  upon  them,  for  they  were  wicked 

Eerfons  :  One  of  them  a  little  before  being  reproved  for  his 
;wdnefs,  and  put  in  mind  of  hell,  anfwered  that  if  hell  were 
ten  times  hotter,  he  had  rather  be  there  than  he  would  ferve 
his  mafter,  &c.  The  occafion  was  becaufe  he  had  bound  him- 
felf  for  divers  years,  and  faw  that  if  he  had  been  at  liberty  he 
might  have  had  greater  wages,  tho  otherwife  his  mafter  ufed 
him  very  well. 

Mr.  Graves  returned,  he  carried  between  five  and  fix  thou- 
fand  weight  of  beaver,  and  about  thirty  paflengers.  Captain 
Walter  Neale  of  Pifcat.  and  fome  eight  of  his  company,  went 
with  him.  He  had  been  in  the  bajr  about  ten  days  and  came 
not  all  this  time  to  fee  the  Governor,  being  perfuaded  by  di- 
vers of  his  friends.  His  anfwer  was,  he  was  not  well  enter* 
tained  the  firft  time  he  came  thither,  and  befides  he  had  fomf 

letters 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

letters  opened  in  the  Bay  Government ;  except  he  were  invited 
lie  would  not  go  fee  him..  The  i^th  day  he  wrote  to  the  Go- 
vernor, toexcufehis  not  coming  to  fee  him,  upon  the  fame 
reafons.  The  Governor  returned  him  anfwer,  that  his  enter- 
tainment was  fuch  as  time  and  place  could  afford  (being  at  their 
ilril  coming,  before  they  were  houfed,  £c.)  and  retorted  the 
difcourtefy  upon  him,  in  that  he  would  thruft  himfelf  with  fuch 
a  company  (he  had  five  or  fix  gentlemen  with  him)  upon  a 
ilrangers  entertainment  at  fuch  an  unfeafonable  time,  and  hav- 
ing no  need  fo  to  do ;  and  for  his  letters  he  proterted  his  in- 
nocency,  as  he  might  well,  for  the  letters  were  opened  before 
they  came  into  the  bay,  and  fo  concluded  courteouily,  yet  witji 
pjain  demonftration  of  his  error.  And  indeed  if  he  courteoufly 
fhould  have  invited  him,  Handing  upon  thefe  terms,  he  had 
blemimed  his  reputation. 

There  is  mention  made  before  of  the  anfwer,  which  was  re- 
turned to  Sir  Chriftopher  Gardiner  his  accufations,  to  which 
the  Governor  and  all  the  affiflants  fubfcribed,  only  the  deputy 
refufed.  Ke  made  three  exceptions  :  ift.  For  that  we  termed 
the  bifhops  reverend  bifhops,  which  was  only  in  repeating  the 
accufations  made. 

2d.  For  that  we  profefTed  to  believe  all  the  articles   of  the 
gofpel  faith  according  to  the  fcriptures    and  the  common   re- 
ceived tenets  of  all  the  churches  of  England.     This  he  refuf-  . 
•  ed,  becaufe  we  differed  from  them  in  matter  of  discipline,  and 
about  the  meaning  of  Chnlis  defcent  into  hell, — that  the  faith-  , 
iul  in  England  (whom  we  account  the  churches)  expound  it  as 
we  do,   and  not  of  a  local  defcent  as  fome  of  the  bifhops  do. 
3d.  For  that 'we  gave  the  King  the  title  of  facred   Majefty, 
which  IB  the  moft  proper  title  of  princes,  and  the  word  a  mere 
<:ivil  word  and  never  applied  in  fcripture  to  any  divine  things, 

buty^^s  ufed  always.     Mr.  Knox  called  the  In.  of  S by 

the  fame  tide  ;  yet  by  no  reafons  could  he  be  drawn  to  yield 
to  thefe  things,  akho  they  were  allowed  by  divers  of  the  mini- 
fters  and  the  chief  of  Plimouth. 

There  was  great  fcarcity  of  corn  by  reafon  of  the  fpoil  our 
hogs  had  made  at  harveft,  and  the  great  quantity  they  had 
eaten  in  the  winter  (there  being  no  acorns)  yet  people  lived 
well  with  fifh  and  the.  fruit  of  their  gardens. 

Sept.  4.  The  Griffin,  a  fhip  of  300  tons  arrived,  having  been  eight 
weeks  from  the  Dowries,  me  brought  about  200  paffengers, 
having  loft  fome  four.  In  this  fhip  came  Mr.  Cotton,  Mr. 
Hooker  and  Mr.  Stone,  ininillers,  and  Mr.  Haynes  (a  gentle- 
man of  great  eilate),  Mr.  GofFe  and  many  other  men  of  good 
ffcates.  They  got  cut  of  England  with  much  difiiculty,  all 

places 


J    O    U    R    N  'A    L. 

places  being  belaid  to  have  taken  Mr.  Cotton  and  Hoo'ker, 
who  had  been  long  fought  for  to  have  been    brought;  into  the 
High  Corrimillion,  but  the  mailer  being  bound  to  touch  at  the 
Wight,  the  purfuants  attended  there,  and  the  mean  time  the 
faid  miniilei-s  were  taken  in  at  the  Downes.     Mr.  Hooker  and 
Mr.  Stone  went  prefendy  to  Newtown,  where  they  "were  to  be 
entertained,  and  Mr.  Cotton  flayed  at  Boilon.-— One  Sunday 
evening  th^  Congregation  met  in  their  ordinary   exercife,  and 
Mr.  Cotton  being 'defired  to  fpeak  to  the  queftion  (which  was 
of  the  church)he  mewed  out   of  the  canticles  6.  that  fome 
churches  were  as  queens,  fome  as  concubines,  fome  as  dam- 
fels  and  feme  as  doves,  &c.     he  was  then,  with  his  wife  pro- 
pounded to  be  admitted  a  member  the  Lord's  day  following  ; 
he  exercifed  in  the  afternoon,  and  being  to  be    admitted,  he 
Signified   his  defire  and  readinefs  to  make   his    confeflion   ac- 
cording to  order,  which  he  faid  might   be  fufficient  in  decla- 
ring his  faith  about  baptifm,  which  he  then  defired  for  his  child 
born    in   their  paffage,  and  therefore   named  Seaborn.      He 
gave  two  re'afons  why  he  did  not  baptife  it  at  fea  (not  for  want 
of  frefh  water,  for  he  held,  fea  water  would  have  ferved) .      i . 
Eecaufe  they  had  no  fettled  congregation  there.     2.  Becaufe 
a,  minifler  hath  no  power  to  give  the  Teals  but  in  his  own  con- 
gregation.    He    defired  his  y/ire  might   alfo  be    admitted  a 
member,   and  gave  a  modeft  tellimony'of  her,   but  withal  re- 
quefted  me  might  not  be  put   to  make   open  confefiion,  '£c. 
which  he  faid  was  againft  the  Apoftles  rule,  and  not  fit  for  \vo- 
jnen's  modeity,  but  that  the  elders  mi£ht  examine  her  in  pri- 
vate.    So  (he  was  afked  if  me  did  confent  in  the  confeflion   of 
faith  made  by  her  huiband,  and  if  me  did  defire  to  be  admit- 
ted, &c.  whereto  me  anfwered  affirmatively,  and  fo  both  were 
admitted,'  and  their  child"  ba'ptife'd",  the  father  prefenting  it, 
the  child's   baptifm.  being,  as  he  did   then  affirm  in  ahotner  ' 
cafe,  the  fathers  inflruclion  for  the  help  of  his  faith,  &c. 

The  faid  4th  of  September,  came  in  alfo  the  (hip  called  the 
Eird,  Mr.  Yates,  mailer,  me  brought -pafiengers,  hav- 
ing loll — ,  and cows,  and  four  mares  ;  me  had  been 

twelve  weeks  at  fea,  being  at  her  firil  coming  out,  driven  No- 
therly  to  53. 

About  ten  days  before  this  time  a  bark  was  fet  forth  to'Con- 
neclicut  and  thofe  parts  to  trade. 

John  Oldham. and  three  with  him  went  over  land  to  Con- 
neclicut  to  trade  ;  the  Sachem  ufed  them  kindly,  and  gave 
them  fome  beaver.  They  bought  of  him  the  hemp  that  grew 
there  in  great  abundance,  and  is  much  better  than  the  En- 


4  GOVERNOR   WINTHROP's 

1633.     glifh.     He  accounted  it  to  be  about  160  miles  ;*    he  brought 

— - Y— — '  fonie  black  lead,   whereof  the  Indians   told  him  there  was  a 

whole  rock.     He  lodged  at  Indian  towns  all  the  way. 

Sept.  Captain  John  Stone,  of  whom  mention  is  made  before,  car- 
ried himfelf  very  diflblutely  in  drawing  company  to  drink, 
&c.  being  found  upon  the  bed  in  the  night  with  one  Barcroft's 
wife,  he  was  brought  before  the  Governor,  &c.  and  tho  it  ap- 
peared he  was  in  drink,  and  no  acl  to  be  proved,  yet  it  was 
thoaght  he  fhould  abide  his  trial,  for  which  a  warrant  was  fent 
out  to  Hay  his  pinnace  which  was  ready  to  fet  fail,  whereup- 
on he  went  to  Mr.  Ludlow,  one  of  the  afiiftants,  and  ufed 

and  threatning  fpeeches  againft   him,  for  which  he 

raifed  fome  company  and  apprehended  him,  and  brought  him 
to  the  Governor,  who  put  him  in  irons,  and  kept  a  guard  up. 
on  him  till  the  court,  but  his  irons  were  taken  off  the  fame 
day.  At  the  court  his  indictment  was  framed  for  adultery, 
but  found  ignoramus  by  the  grand  jury  ;  but  for  his  other  mif- 
demeanors  he  was  fined  lool.  which  yet  was  not  levied  of  him, 
and  ordered  upon  pain  of  death  to  come  here  no  more  without 
licence  of  the  court,  and  the  woman  was  bound  to  her  good 
behaviour. 

The  Governor  and  council  met  at  Bofton  and  called  the 
17  xninillers  and  elders  of  all  the  churches  to  confider  about  Mr. 
Cotton,  his  fitting  down.  He  was  defired  to  divers  places, 
and  thofe  who  came  with  him  defired  he  might  fit  down  where 
they  might  keep  flore  of  cattle ;  but  it  was  agreed  by  full 
confent,  that  the  fitteft  place  for  him  was  Bofton,  and  in  that 
refpecl  thofe  of  Bofton  might  take  farms  in  any  part  of  the  Bay 
not  belonging  to  other  towns,  and  that  (keeping  a  lecturer) 
he  mould  have  fome  maintenance  out  of  the  treafury.  But 
divers  of  the  council,  upon  fecond  thought,  did  after  refufe 
this  contribution. 

The  bark  Blefling  which  was  fent  to  the  Southward,  return- 
0£.  2.  ed,  me  had  been  at  an  Ifland  over  againft  Connecticut,  called 
Long-Jfland,  becaufe  it  is  near  50  leagues  long,  the  Eaft  part 
about  10  leagues  from  the  main,  but  the  Weft  end  not  one 
mile,  there  they  had  ftore  of  the  beft  wampampeague  both 
white  and  blue.  The  Indians  there  are  very  treacherous  peo- 
ple ;  they  have  many  canoes  fo  great  as  one  will  carry  80  men. 
They  were  alfo  in  the  river  of  Connecticut,  which  is  barred  at 
the  entrance,  fo  as  they  could  not  find  above  one  fathom  wa- 
ter. They  were  alfo  at  the  Dutch  plantation  upon  Hudfon's 

river 

*  From  B  oft  on  to  Connecticut  River,  in  a  dirfft  line,  is   not 
more  than  half  tkat  dijlemci*  EDIT, 


JOURNAL. 

river  (called  New  Netherlands)  where  they  were  very  kindly      1633 
entertained,  and  had  fome  beaver  and  other  things  for  fuch  «     -  g    , 
commodities  as  they  put  oiF.  They  ihewed  the  Governor  (cal-       Oct. 
led  Gwalter  Van  T  willy)  their  commiffion,  which  was  to  %- 
nify  to  them,  that  the  King  of  England  had  granted  the  river 
and  country  of  Connecticut  to  his  own  fubjects,  and  therefore 
delired  them  to  forbear  to  build  there.     The  Dutch  Governor 
wrote  back  to  our  Governor  (his  letter  was  very  courteous  and 
refpectful  as  it  had  been  to  a  very  honorable  perfon)  whereby 
he  fignified  that  the  Lords  the  ftates  had  alfo  granted  the  fame 
parts  to  the  Weft  India  company,  and  therefore  requefted  that 
he  would  forbear  the  fame  till  the  matter  were  decided  between 
the  King  of  England  and  the  faid  Lords. 

The  faid  bark  did  pafs  and  repafs  over  the  fhoals  of  Cape 
Cod,  about  three  or  four  leagues  from  Natucket  Ifle,  where  the 
breaches  are  very  terrible,  yet  they  had  three  fathom  water  all 
over. 

The  company  of  Plimouth  fent  a  bark  to  Connecticut  at  this 
time  to  erect  a  trading  houfe  there ;  when  they  came  they 
found  the  Dutch  had  built  there,  and  did  forbid  the  Plimouth 
men  to  proceed,  but  they  fat  up  their  houfe  notwithftanding 
about  a  mile  above  the  Dutch.  This  river  runs  fo  far  North- 
ward that  it  comes  within  a  days  journey  of  a  part  of  Merri- 
mack  called  and  runs  thence  N.  W.  fo  near  the  great 

lake  as  the  Indians  do  pafs  their  canoes  into  it  over  land. 
From  this  lake  and  the  hideous  fwamps  about  it  came  mod  of 
the  beaver  which  is  traded  between  Virginia  and  Canada, 
which  runs  forth  of  this  lake  ; — and  Patomack  river  in  Virgi- 
nia comes  likewife  out  of  it  or  very  near,  fo  as  from  this  lake 
there  comes  yearly  to  the  Dutch  about  10,000  fkins  which 
might  eafily  be  diverted  by  Merrimack,  if  a  courfe  of  trade 
were  fettled  above  in  that  river. 

A  faft  was  kept  at  Boflon,  and  Mr.  Leverett  an  ancient  fin-  10 
cere  profeffor  of  Mr.  Cotton's  congregation  in  England  was 
chofen  a  ruling  elder,  and  Mr.  Fermin  a  godly  man  an  apo- 
thecary of  Sudbury  in  England  was  chofen  deacon  by  impofi- 
tion  of  hands,  and  Mr.  Cotton  was  then  chofen  teacher  of  the 
congregation  of  Bofton,  and  ordained  by  impofition  of  hands. 
Then  Mr.  Wilfon  the  paftor  demanded  of  him  if  he  did  ex- 
cept of  that  call  ;  he  paufed,  and  then  fpoke  to  this  effect. 
That  however  he  knew  hi mfelf  unworthy  and  inefficient  for 
that  place,  yet  having  obferved  all  the  pafTages  of  God's  pro- 
vidence (which  he  recorded  up  in  particular)  in  calling  him  to  it, 
he  could  not  but  except  it.  Then  the  pallor  and  the  two  elders 
laid  their  hand*  upon  his  head  and  the  paftor  prayed,  and  then 

taking 


56  GOVERNOR 

1633.      taking  off  their  hands  laid  them  on  again,  and  fpeaking   ttf 
u— -y— »J  him  by  his  name,  they  did  thereby  defiga  him  to  the  fa  id  office 
_  in  the  name  of  theHoly  Ghoft,  r  id  did  give  him  the  charge  of 
the   congregation,  and  did  thereby  (as  by  a  fign  from  God) 
endue  him  with  the  gifts  fit  for  his  office,  and   laftly-dict  blefs 
him.     Then  the  neighbouring  minifters   which  were    prefeivc 
.  did,  at  the  paftor's  notice,  give  him 'the  right  hand  of  fellow - 
Ihip,  and  the  pallor  made  a  ilipulation  between   him   and  the 
congregation.     When  Mr.   Cotton  accepted  of  the  office,  he 
commended  to  the  congregation  fuch    as   were  to  come  over 
who  were  of  his  charge  in  England,  that  they  mi^ht  be  com- 
fortably provided  for. 

The  lame  day  Mr.  Grant  in  the  mip   James  arrived  at  Sa- 
^        lem,  having  been  but  eight  weeks  between  Gravefend  and  Sa- 
lem ;  he  brought  Captain  Wiggin  and  about    30,  with    one 

Mr.  L a  godly  miniiter  to  Pifcataq.    (which    the    Lord 

Say  and  the  Lord  Brook  ha'd  purchafed  of  the  Briftol  men)  and 
about  30- for  Virginia,  and  about  20  for  that,  place  and  fome 
60  cattle.  He  brought  news  that  the  Richard  a  bark  of  5,0 
tons  which  came  forth  with  the  Griffin,  being  come  above  300 
leagues,  fprang  fuch  a  leak  as  ihe  was  forced  to  bear  up  and 
put  into  Waymouth. 

Oft.  ii.  A  fail  at  Newtown  whrre  Mr.  Hooker  was  chofen  pallor  and 
Mr.  Stone  teacher  in  fuch  a  manner  as  before  at  Boilon.  The 
wolves  continued  "to  do  much  hurt  among  our  cattle — and  this 
month  by  Mr.  Grant  there  came  over  four  Irifh  grey  hounds 
which  were  fent  to  the  Governor  by  Mr.  Downing  his  brother- 
in-law. 

Nov.  A  great  mortality  among  the  Indians,  Chickatabot  the   S<1- 

gamore  of  Naponfett  died,  and  many  of  his  people.  The 
difeafe  was  the  fmall  pox.  Some  of  them  were  cured  by  fuch 
means  as  they  had  from  us  ;  many  of  their  children  efcaped  and 
were  kept  by  the  Englim.  Capt.  Wiggin  of  Fifcataq.  wrote 
to  theGovernor  that  one  of  his  people  had  {tabbed  another,  and 
defired  he  might  be  tried  in  .the  Bay,  if  the  party  defired. 
The  Governor  anfwered  that  if  Pifcataq.  lay  within  their  limits 
(as  it  was  fuppofed)  they  would  try  him. 

A  fmall  fhip  of  about  60  tons  was  built  at  Meadford,  and 
called  the  Rebecca.  This  year  a  water  mill  was  built  at  Rox- 
bury,  by  Mr.  Dummer. 

The  fcarcity  of  workmen  had  caufed  them  to  raife  their  wa- 
ges to  an  exceflive  rate,  fo  as  a  carpenter  would  have  three 
millings  the  day,  a  laborer  two  millings  and  fix-pence,  &c.  and 
accordingly  thofe  who  had  commodities  to  fell,  advanced  their 
prices  fometime  double  to  that  they  coft  in  England,  fo  as  it 

grew 


JOURNAL 

grew  to  a  general  complaint,  which  the  court   taking  know-       1633^ 
ledge  of,  as  alfo  of  fome  further  evils  which  were  fpringing  v«_ — Y- 
but  of  the  exccffive  rates  of  wages.     They  made  art  order  that       Nov« 
carpenters,  mailers  &c.   mould  take   but  23.  the  day,   and  la- 
bourers but  i8d, — and  that  no  commodity  mould  be  fold  at 
above  four  pence  in  the  (hilling  more  than  it  coft  for  ready  mo- 
ney in  England,  oil,  wine,  &c.  and  cheeie  in  regard  of  the  ha- 
zard of  bringing,  &c.  The  evils  which  were  fpringing,    were, 
-  I.  Many  fpent  much  time  idly,  becaufe  they  could  get  as  much 
in  four  days  as  would  keep  them  a  week.     2.  They  fpent  much 
in  tobacco  and  llrong  waters  *  which  was  a  great  wafte  to  the 
Commonwealth,    which  by  reafon  of  fo  many  fcarce  commo- 
dities expended  could  not  have  fubfifted  to  this  time,  but  that 
it  was  fupplied  by  the  cattle  and  corn  whichrwere  fold  to  new 
comers  at  very  dear  rates,  viz.  corn  at  6s.  the  bufliel ;    a  cow 
at  20!. — yea  fome  at  24!.  fome   26!.  a  mare  at  35!.    an  ewe 
goat  at  3  or  4!.  and  yet  many  cattle  were  every  year   brought 
out  of  England,  and  fome  from  Virginia.     Soon  after  an  or- 
der  was  taken  for  prices  of  commodities,  viz.  not  to'exceed  the 
rate  of  four  pence  in  the  milling  above  the  price  in  England, 
except  cheefe  and  liquors,  &c. 

The  miniftera  in  the  Bay  arid  Sagiis  did  meet  once  a  fort- 
night at  one  of  their  houfes  by  commifiion,  where  fome  queiUon 
of  moment  was  debated.  Mr.  Skelton  the  pallor  of  Salem, 
and  Mr.  Williams  who  was  removed  from  Plimouth  thither, 
but  not  in  any  office,  tho  he  exercifed  by  way  of  prophecy, 
took  fome  exceptions  againft  it,  as  fearing  it  might  grow  in 
time  to  a  prelbytery  or  fuperintcndency,  to  the  prejudice  of 
the  churches  liberties,  but  this  fear  was  without  caufe,  for  they 
were  all  clear  in  that  point,  that  no  church  or  perfon  can  have 
power  over  another  church,  neither  did  they  in  their  meetings 
exercife  any  fuch  jurifdiftion. 

News  of  the  taking  ef  Machias  by  the  French.  Mr.  Aller-  ia 
ton  of  Plimouth  and  fome  others  had  fet  up  a  trading  wigwam 
there,  and  loft  in  it  five  men  and  flore  of  commodities*  La- 
Tour,  Governor  of  the  French  in  thofe  parts,  making  claim  to 
the  place,  came  to  difplant  them,  and  finding  reiiitance,  kill- 
ed two  of  the  men,  and  carried  away  the  other  three,  and  tha 
goods. 

Some  differences  fell  out  ftill  now  and  then,  between  the 
Governor  and  deputy,  which  were  foon  heated.  It  had  been 
ordered  in  court,  that  all  hands  mould  help  to  the  finifhing  of 
the  fort  at  Bofton,  and  all  the  towns  in  the  Bay  had  gone  once 

H  over 


.xm  gr  Spirits  t  EDIT 


I  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1633.  over,  and  moil  the  fecond  time  ;  butthofe  of  Newto\vn  being 
-~^~—~/  warned,  the  deputy  would  not  fuffer  them  to  come,  neither  did 
Nov.  acquaint  the  Governor  with  the  caufe,  which  was,  for  that 
Salem  and  Sagus  had  not  brought  in  money  for  their  parts. 
The  Governor  hearing  of  it,  wrote  friendly  to  him,  mewing 
him  that  the  intent  of  the  court  was,  that  the  work  ihould  be 
done  by  thofe  in  the  Bay,  and  that  after  the  others  mould  pay 
a  proportionable  ium  for  the  houfe,  &c.  which  mutt  be  done 
by  money,  and  therefore  defired  him  that  he  would  fend  in 
his  neighbours.  Upon  this  Mr.  Haynes  and  Mr.  Hooker  came 
to  the  Governor  to  treat  with  him  about  it,  and  brought  a  let- 
ter from  the  deputy  full  of  bitternefs  and  refolution  not  to  fend 
till  Salem,  &c.  The  Governor  told  them  it  mould  reft  till 
the  court,  and  withal  gave  the  letter  to  Mr.  Hooker  with  this 
fpeech  :  I  am  not  willing  to  keep  fuch  an  occafion  of  provoca- 
tion by  me  ;  and  fcon  after  he  wrote  to  the  deputy  (who  had 
before  defired  to  buy  a  fat  hog  or  two  of  him,  being  fomewhat 
fhort  of  provifions)  to  dcfire  him  to  fend  for  one,  which  he 
would  have  fent  him  if  he  had  known  when  his  occafion  had 
been  to  have  made  ufe  of  it,  and  to  accept  it  as  a  teftimony  of 
his  good  will,  and  left  he  fhould  make  any  fcruple  of  it,  he 
made  Mr.  Haynes  and  Mr.  Hooker  (who  both  fc-journed  in 
his  houfe)  partakers  with  him.  Upon  this  the  deputy  return- 
ed this  anfwer : — •*.'  Your  overcoming  yourfelf  hath  over- 
te  come  me,  Mr.  Haynes,  Mr.  Hooker,  and  myfelf  do  molt 
"'  kindly  accept  the  good  will,  but  we  defire,  without  offence, 
"  to  refufe  the  offer,  and  that  I  may  only  trade  with  you  for 
"  two  hogs,"  and  fo  very  lovingly  concluded. — The  court 
being  two  days  after,  ordered  ihat  Nevvtown  fhould  do  their 
work  as  others  had  done,  and  then  Salem,  &c.  mould  pay  for 
three  days  at  i8«.  a  man. 

i  j  The  congregation  of  Boflon  met  to  take  order  for  Mr.  Cot- 

ton's purfage  and  horfe,  and  his  and  Mr.  Wilfon's  mainte- 
nance. Mr.  Cotton  had  difourfed  eighty  pounds  for  his  pur- 
fage. £vid  towards  his  houfe  which  he  would  not  have  again,  fo 
there  was  about  6ol.  railed  by  voluntary  contribution,  towards 
-  the  finiming  of  his  hcufe,  and  about  lool.  towards  their  main- 
tenance. At  this  meeting  there  arofe  fome  difference  between 
the  Governor  and  Mr.  Cottington,  who  charged  the  Govern- 
or, that  he  took  away  the  liberty  of  the  reft,  becaufe  at  the 
requeftofthe  reft,  he  had  named  fome  men  to  fet  out  mini- 
fter's  lands,  &Ci  which  grew  to  fome  heat  of  words,  but  the 
next  Lord's  day  they  both  acknowledged  openly  their  failing?, 
ar.d  declared  that  they  had  been  reconciled  the  next  day. 

Mr, 


JOURNAL.  5 

Mr.  Wilfon,  by  leave  of  the  congregation  of  Bofton  (where-       1633. 
of  he  was  paftor)  went  to  Agawam  to  teach  the  people  of  that  '     -T     .  f 
plantation,    becaufe  they  had  yet  no  minifter ;  while  he  was  Nov.    26. 
there,  there  fell  fuch  a  fnow  (knee  deep)  as  he  could  not  come 
back  for  days,  and  a  boat  which  went  thither  was  fro-   Dec.  4. 

zen  up  in  the  river. 

John  Sagamore  died  of  the  fmall  pox  and  almoft  all  his  peo-  5 

pie,  about  30  buried  by  Mr.  Maverick  of  Winefcmett  in  one 
day.  The  towns  in  the  bay  took  away  many  of  the  children, 
but  moft  of  them  died  loon  after.  James  Sagamore  of  Sagus 
died  alfo  and  moft  of  his  folks.  John  Sagamore  defired  to  be 
brought  among  the  Englifh,  fo  he  agreed  and  promifed,  if 
he  recovered,  to  live  with  the  Englifh  and  ferve  their  God.  He 
left  one  fon  which  he  difpofed  to  Mr.  Wilfon  the  paftcr  cf 
Bofton  to  be  brought  up  by  him.  He  gave  to  the  Governor  a 
good  quantity  of  wampampeague,  and  to  divers  others  of  the 
Englifh  he  gave  gifts  and  took  order  for  the  payment  of  his 
own  debts  and  his  men's  ;  he  died  in  a  perfuafion  that  he 
fhould  go  to  the  Englimmen's  God.  Divers  of  them  in  their 
ficknefs  confefTed  that  the  Engliihmen's  God  was  a  good  God, 
and  that  if  they  recovered  they  would  ferve  him.  It  wrought 
much  with  them  that  when  their  own  people  forfook  them,  yet 
the  Engliih  came  daily  and  miniftered  to  them,  and  yet  few 
took  any  inftruftions  by  it..  Among  others  Mr.  Maverick  of 
Winefemett  is  worthy  cf  fpecial  remembrance  ;  himfelf,  his 
wife  and  fervants  went  daily  to  them,  miniftered  to  their  ne- 
cefTities,  and  buried  their  dead,  and  took  home  many  of  their 
children  ;  fo  did  other  of  the  neighbours.  This  infectious  dif- 
eafe  fpread  to  Pifcataq.  where  all  the  Indians  except  one  or 
two,  died. — 

One  Couper  of  Pifcataq.  going  to  an  I  (land  upon  the  Lord's 
day  to  fetch  fome  fack  to  be  drank  at  the  great  houfe,  he  a»d 
a  boy  coming  back  in  a  canoe  (being  both  drunk)  were  driven 
to  fea  and  never  heard  of  after.  At  the  fame  plantation  a 
company  having  made  afire  at  a  tree,  one  of  them  faid,  thia 
tree  will  fall,  and  accordingly  it  fell  upon  him  and  killed 
him. 

It  pleafed  the  Lord  to  give  fpecial  teftimony  of  his  prefence 
in  the  church  of  Bofton  after  Mr.  Cotton  was  called  to  office 
there,  more  were  converted  and  added  to  that  church  than  to 
all  the  other  churches  in  the  bay  (or  rather  the  lake,  for  fo  it 
were  more  principally  termed,  the  bay  being  that  part  of  fea 
between  the  two  capes,  Cape  Cod  and  Cape  Anne).  Divers 
profane  and  notorious  evil  perfons  came  and  confeffed  their 
fms,  and  were  comfortably  received  into  the  bofem  of  the 

church 


9*  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1633.      church.     Yea  the  Lord  gave  witnefs  to  the  exercife  of  prophe- 
L»n—  y— .  -f  cy,  fo  as  thereby  iome  were  converted  and  others  much  edifi- 
i^cc,       ed.     Aifo  the  Lord  pleafed  greatly  to  blefs  the  practice  of  dif- 
cipline  wherein  he  gave  the  palter  Mr.  Wilfon  a  fingular  gift, 
to  the  great  benefit  of  the  church.     After  much  deliberation 
and  ferious  advice,  the  Lord  directed  the  teacher  Mr.   Cotton 
to  make  it  clear  by  the  fcripture,  that    the  minifter's  mainte- 
nance, as  well  as  all  other  charges  of  the  church,  mould   be 
defrayed  out  of  a  cheftor  treafury,  which  was  to  be  raifed  out 
of  the  weekly  contribution, which  accordingly  was  agreed  upon. 
%7  The  Governor   and  afliftants  met  at  Boilon,  and  took  into 

confideration  a  treatife  which  Mr.  Williams  (then  of  Salem) 
had  fent  to  them,  and  which  he  had  formerly  written  to  the 
Governor  and  council  of  Plimouth,  wherein  among  other 
things,  he  difputes  their  right  to  the  lands  they  poffeffed  here, 
and  concluded  that  claiming  by  the  King's  grant,  they  could 
have  no  title,  nor  otherwife  except  they  compounded  with  the 
natives. — For  this,  taking  .advice  with  fome  of  the  moll  judici- 
ous minifters,  who  much  condemned  Mr.  Williams's  error 
and  preemption,  they  gave  order  that  he  mould  be  convent- 
cd  at  the  next  court,  to  be  cenfured,  &c.  There  were  three 
paflages  chiefly  whereat  they  were  much  offended,  ift.  For 
that  he  chargeth  King  James  to  have  told  a  folemn,  public  He, 
becaufe  in  his  patent  he  blefled  God  that  he  was  the  firft  chrif- 
tian  prince  that  had  difcovered  this  land.  2d.  For  that  he 
chargeth  him  and  others  with  blafphemy  for  calling  Europe 
Chriflendom  or  the  church  world.  3d.  For  that  he  did  perfon- 
ally  apply  to  our  prefent  King  Charles  thofe  3  places  in  the  re- 
velations viz. 

Mr.  Endicott  being  abfent  the  Governor  wrote  to  him  to  let 
him  know  what  was  done,  and  withal  added  divers  arguments 
to  confute  the  faid  errors,  wilhing  him  to  deal  with  Mr.  Wil- 
jiams  to  retract  the  fame  and  whereto  he  returned  a  very  mo- 
deft  and  difcreet  anfwer.  Mr.  Williams  alfo  wrote  to  the 
Governor  and  alfo  to  him  and  the  reft  of  the  council  very  fub- 
mifTively,  profeffing  his  intent  to  have  been  only  to  have  written 
for  the  private  fatisfaclion  of  the  gentlemen  &.  cof  Plimouth, 
without  any  purpofe  to  have  ftirred  any  further  in  it,  if  the 
Governor  there  had  not  required  a  copy  of  him,  withal  offer- 
ing his  book  or  any  part  of  it  to  be  burnt.  At  the  next  court 
he  appeared  privately,  and  gave  fatisfaftion  of  his  intention 
and  gilt,  fo  it  was  left  and  nothing  done  in  it. 

1634.          News  come  from  Plimouth   that  Capt.  Stone  who  this  laft 

Jan.  21.  fummer  went  out  of  the  bay  01  lake,  and  fo  to  Aquawaticas 

wheje  he  took  in  Capt.  Norton,  putting  in   at  the  mouth   of 

Connecticut 


J    O    U    R    N  •  A    L,  61 

Conne&icut  in  his  way  to  Virginia  where  the  pequins  inhabit,       1634. 
was  there  cut  off  by  them  with  all  his  company  being   eight. 
The  manner  was  thus,       [See  after  Nov.  6,  1634.] 

Hall  and  the  two  others  who  went  to  Connecticut,  Nov.  3d. 
came  now  home,  having  loft  themfelves  and  endured  much  mi- 
fery.  They  affured  us  that  the  fmall  pox  was  gone  as  far  as 
any  Indian  plantation  was  known  to  the  weft,  and  much  peo- 
ple dead  of  it,  by  reafon  whereof  they  could  have  no  trade. 
At  Naraganfett,  by  the  Indian  report,  there  died  700,  but  be- 
yond Pifcataq.  none  to  theeaftward. 

The  Governor  and  council  met  again  at  Bofton  to  confider  24. 
of  Mr.  William's  letter,  Sec.  when  with  the  advice  of  Mr. 
Cotton  and  Mr.  Wilfon,  and  weighing  his  letter,  and  further 
confidering  of  the  aforefaid  orFenfive  palTages  in  his  book 
(which  being  written  in  very  obfcure  and  implicative  phrazes 
might  well  admit  of  doubtful  interpretation)  they  found  the 
matters  not  to  be  fo  evil  as  at  firft  they  feemed.  Whereupon 
they  agreed  that  upon  his  retraction,  &c.  and  taking  an  oath 
of  allegiance  to  the  King,  &c.  it  mould  be  patted  over. 

An  Engliihman  of  Sacoe,  travelling  into  the  country  to  trade 
was  killed  by  the  Indians. 

John  Scales  who  ran  from  his  mailer  to  the  Indians  came         30 
here  again  ;  he  was  at  a  place  twelve   miles  off,  where  were 
fcven  Indians.     Four  died  of  the  pox  while  he  was  there. 

Mr.  Craddock's  houfe  at  Murblehead  was  burnt  down  about'  Feb.  I. 
midnight,  there  being  then  in  it  Mr.  Allerton  and  many  fifh- 
ermen  whom  he  employed  thatfeafon,  who  all  were  preferved 
by  a  fpecial  providence  of  God,  with  mort  of  the  goods  therein, 
by  a  taylor  who  fet  up  that  night  at  work  in  the  houfe,  and 
hearing  a  noife  looked  out  and  faw  the  houfe  on  fire  above  the 
oven  in  the  thatch. 

This  winter  was  very  mild,  little  wind,  and  moft  S.  and  S. 
W.  but  after  fnows  and  great.  One  mow  of  the  I5th  of  this 
month  was  near  two  feet  deep  all  over. 

Such  of  the  Indians  children  as  were  left,  were  taken  by  the 
Englim,  moft  whereof  did  die  of  the  pox  *  foon  after,  three 
only  remaining,  whereof  one  which  the  Governor  kept  was  cal- 
led Knows  God,  (the  Indians  ufual  anfwer  being,  when  they 
were  put  in  mind  of  God,  me  no  knows  God). 

The  Grampofs  came  up  towards  Charleftown  by  the  tide  of        zz 
ebb.     By  this  time  1 7  timing  mips   were  come  to  Richman's 
Jile  and  the  Iflesof  Shoals. 

by 


*  The /mall  pox,  which  pr  wed  fatal  fo  many  of  the  natives. 


62  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1634.          By  order  of  court  a  market  was  erected  at  Bofton  to  be  kept 

I s^-— '  upon  Thurfday  the  5th  day  of  the  week,  being  the  lecture  day. 

March  4,  Samuel  Cole  fet  up  the  firft  houfe  for  common  entertainment, 
and  John  Cogan  merchant  the  firft  mop.  Upon  offer  of  fome 
new  comers  to  give  liberally  towards  the  building  of  a  galley 
for  defence  of  the  bay,  and  upon  confultation  with  divers  ex- 
perienced feamen  and  others,  it  was  thought  fitter  for  our 
condition  to  build  a  veffel  40  feet  in  length  and  21  in  breadth, 
to  be  cannon  proof,  and  the  upper  deck  mufket  proof,  to 
have  one  fail,  and  to  carry  whole  culverin  and  other  fmaller 
pieces,  eight  in  all.  This  was  found  to  be  fo  chargeable  and 
to  long  time  ere  it  could  be  finimed,  that  it  was  given  over. 
At  this  court  all  fwamps  above  100  acres  were  made  common, 
&c.  Alfo  Robert  Cole,  having  been  often  punilhed  for  drun- 
kennefs,  was  now  ordered  to  wear  a  red  D  about  his  neck  for 
a  year. 

y  At  the  lecture  at  Bofton  a  queftion  was  propounded  about 

veils,  Mr.  Cotton  concluded  that  where  by  the  cuftom  of  the 
place,  they  were  not  a  fign  of  a  woman's  fobriety,  they  were 
not  commanded  by  the  apoftle.  Mr.  Endicott  oppofed,  and 
did  maintain  it  by  the  general  arguments  brought  by  the  apol- 
tle.  After  fome  debate,  the  Governor  perceiving  it  to  grow 
to  fome  earneflnefs,  interpofed  and  fo  it  brake  off. 

Among  other  teftimonies  of  the   Lord's  gracious   prefence 
with  his  own  ordinances,  there  was  a  youth  of  14  years  of  age 
(being  the  fon  of  one  of  the  magistrates)  fo  wrought  upon  by 
the  miniftry  of  the  word,  as  for  divers  months  he  was  held  un- 
der fuch  affliction  of  mind,  as  he  could  not  be  brought  to  ap- 
prehend any  comfort  in  God,  being  much  humbled  and  broken 
for  his  iins  (tho  he  had  been  a  dutiful  child,   and  not  given  up 
to  the  lufts  of  youth)   and  efpecially  for  his   bbfphemous  and 
wicked  thoughts,  whereby  fatan  buffeted  him,  fo  as  he  went 
mourning  and  languifhing  daily,  yet  attending  to   the  means 
and  net  giving  over  prayer,  and  feeking  counfel,  &c.  he  came 
at  length  to  be  freed  from  his  temptation  and  to  find  comfort 
in  God's  promifes,  and  fo  being  received  into  the  congregation 
upon  good  proof  of  his  underflanding  in  the  things  of  God,  he 
went  on  cheerfully  in  a  chriftian  courfe,  falling  daily  to  labor, 
as  a  fervant,    and  as  a  younger  brother  of  his  did,  who  was  no 
whit  fhort  of  him  in  the  knowledge  of  God's  will,  tho  his  youth 
kept  him  from  daring  to  offer  himfelf  to  the  congregation.  Up- 
on this  occafion  it  is  not  impertinent  (tho  no  credit  nor  regard 
to  be  had  of  dreams  in  thefe  days)  to  report  a  dream  which 
tie  father  of  thefe  children  had  at  the  fame  time,  viz.    That 
coming  into  his  chamber  he  found  his  wife  (me  was  a  very  gra- 
cious 


JOURNAL.  $3 

tious  woman)  in  bed,  and  three  or  four  of  their  children  ly-      1634. 
Ing  by  her,  with  moll  fweet  and  fmiling  countenances  with  *_    -T-    _J 
crowns  upon  their  heads,  and  when  he  awoke,  he  told  his  wife     March, 
his  dream,  and  made  this  interpretation  of  it,  that  God  would 
take  of  her  children  to  make  them  fellow  heirs  with  Chrifl  in 
his  kingdom. 

Satan  beflirred  himfelf  to  hinder  the  progrefs  of  the  gofpel 
as  among  other  practices,  appeared  by  this.  He  flirred  up  a 
fpirit  of  jealoufy  between  Mr.  James  the  paftor  of  Charleftown 
and  many  of  his  people,  fo  as  Mr.  Noel,  and  fome  others  who 
had  been  difmifled  from  Boflon  began  to  queftion  the  fa&  of 
Breaking  from  Bofton,  and  it  grew  to  fucha  principle  of con- 
fcience  among  them,  as  the  advice  of  the  other  mmiiters  was 
taken  in  it,  who  after  two  meetings  could  not  agree  about 
their  continuance  or  return. 

One  Mr.  Morris,  Enfign  to  Capt.  Underbill,  taking  fome 
diftafte  in  his  office,  requeued  the  magiftrates  that  he  might  be 
difcharged  of  it,  and  fo  was,  whereby  he  gave  offence  to  the 
congregation  of  B.  fo  as  being  queflioned  and  convinced  of 
fin  in  forfaking  his  calling,  he  did  acknowledge  his  fault,  and 
at  the  requeil  of  the  people,  was  by  the  magiftrates  chofen  lieu- 
tenant to  the  fame  company,  for  he  was  a  very  flout  man  and 
an  experienced  foldier.  April  I, 

Order  was  taken  for  miniflering  an  oath  to  all  houfe  keepers 
and  fojourners  being  20  years  of  age  and  not  freemen,  and  for 
making  a  furvey  of  the  houfes  and  lands  of  all  freemen. 

Notice  being  fent  out  to  the  general  court  to  be  holden  the 
1 4th  day  of  the  3d  montk  called  May,  the  freemen  deputed 
two  of  each  town  to  meet  and  confider  of  fuch  matters  as  they 
were  to  take  order  in  at  the  fame  gtneral  court ;  who  having 
met  defired  a  fight  of  the  patent,  and  conceiving  thereby  that 
all  their  laws  mould  be  made  at  the  general  court,  repaired  to 
the  Governor  to  advife  with  him  about  it,  and  about  the  abro- 
gating of  fome  orders  formerly  made  ;  as  for  killing  of  fwine 
in  corn,  &c.  He  told  them  that  when  the  patent  was  grant- 
ed, the  number  of  freemen  was  fuppofed  to  be  (as  in  like  cor- 
porations) fo  few,  as  they  might' well  join  in  making  laws,  but 
now  they  were  grown  to  fo  great  a  body  as  it  was  not  poffible 
for  them  to  make  or  execute  laws,  but  they  mufl  choofe  othert 
for  that  purpofe  and  that  howfoever  it  would  be  necefTary  here- 
after to  have  a  feleft  company  to  intend  that  work,  yet  for  the 
prefent  they  were  not  furnifhed  with  a  fufficient  number  of  men 
qualified  for  fuch  a  bufinefs,  neither  could  the  commonwealth 
bear  the  lofs  of  time  of  fo  many  as  mufl  intend  it,  yet  thU 
th«y  might  do  at  prefent,  yiz,  They  might  at  the  general 

court 


64  GOVERNOR   WINTHROP** 

1634,     court  make  an  order  that  once  in  the  year  a  certain  number 
L,  i-y—  -J  mould  be  appointed  upon  fumrnons  from  the  Governor,  to  re- 
April,     vife  all  laws,  &c.  and  to  reform  what  they  found  amifs  therein, 
but  not  to  make  any  new  laws,  but  prefer  their  grievances   to 
the  court  of  afliftants,  and  that  no  affeffment  mould  be  laid 
upon  the  country  without  the  confent  of  fuch  a  committee,  nor 
3         any  lands  difpoled  of. 

The  Gov.   went  on  foot  to  Agawam,  and  becaufe  the  peo- 
ple there  wanted  a  minifter,  fpent  the  fabbath  with  them,  and 
20        excercifed  by  way  of  prophecy,  and  returned  home  the   loth. 
JohnCoggeihall  gentleman,  being  difmiiTed  from  the  church 
of  Roxbury  to  Bofton,  tho  he  were  well  known  and   approved 
of  the  church,  yet  was  not  received  but  by  confeffion  of  hit 
May.  3    faith,  &c. 

News  came  of  the  death  of  Hofkin  and  the  Plimouth  man  at 
Kenebeck,  and  of  the  arrival  of  the  (hip   at  Pemaquid  which 
brought  30  pafiengers  for  this  place.    The  occafion  of  the  death 
of  thofe  men  at  Kenebeck  was  this.    The  Plimouth  men  had  a 
grant  from   the  grand  patentees  of  N.  E.  of  Kenebeck,  with 
liberty  of  fole  trade,  &c.  The  faid  Hofkin  came  in  a  pinnace  be 
longing  to  the  Lord  Say  and  Lord  Brook  at  Pifcataqua  to  t*ade 
at  Kenebeck  ;  two  of  the  magiftrates  at  Plimouth  being  there, 
forbad  him,  yet  he  went  up  the  river,  and  becaufe  he  would  not 
come  down  again,  they  fent  three  men  in  a  canoe  to  cut  his 
cables,  having  cut  one,  Hofkin  prefented  a  piece,  and  fwore 
he  would  kill  him  that  went  up  to  cut  the  other ;  they   told 
him  do  if  he  durft,  and  went  on  to  cut  it,  thereupon  he  killed 
one  of  them,  and  inftantly  one  in  the  Plimouth  pinnace  (which 
rode  by  them  and  wherein  five  or  fix  men  flood  with  their  pie- 
ces ready  charged)  fhot  and  killed  Hofkin.     At   the    general 
court  at  Bofton,  upon  the  complaint  of  a  kinfman  of  the  faid 
Hofkin.      John  Alden,  one   of  the    faid    magiftrates  of  Pli- 
mouth, who  was  prefent  when  Hofkin  was  flain,  being  then  at 
Bofton,  was  called  and  bound  with  fureties  not  to   depart   out 
of  our  jurifdiclion  without  leave,  &c.  and  withal  we  wrote  to 
Plimouth  to  certify  them  what  we  had  done,  and  to  know  whe- 
ther they  would  do  jullice  in  the  caufe  (as  belonging  to    their 
jurifdiction)  and  to  have  a  fpccdy  anfwer,  &c.     This  we  did 
that  notice  might  be  taken  that  we  did  difavow  the  faid  action 
which  was  much  condemned  of  all  men,  and  which  was  feared 
would  give  occafion  to  the  King  to  fend  a   general  Governor 
over,  andbefide",  had  brought  us  all,  and  the  gofpel  under  a 
common  reproach  of  cutting  one  another's  throats  for  beaver. 
By  this  time  the  fort  at  Bofton   was  in  defence,  and  diver* 
pieces  of  ordinance  mounted  in  it. 

Thofc 


JOURNAL.  63 

Thofe   of  Newtown  complained   of  ftraitnefs  for  want  of      1634. 
land,  efpecially  meadow,  and  defired  leave  of  the  council  to  v^ — v^, ^j 
look  out  either  for  enlargement  or  removal,  which  was  grant-       May. 
cd ;  whereupon  they  fent  men  to  fee  Agawam  and  Merimack, 
and  gave  out  they  would  remove. 

At  the  general  Court  Mr.  Cotton  preached  and  delivered 
this  do&rine,  that  a  magistrate  ought  not  to  be  turned  into 
the  condition  of  a  private  man  without  juil  cauie,  and  to  be 
publicly  convict,— no  more  than  the  magiftrates  may  not  turn 
a  private  man  out  of  his  freehold,  &c.  without  like  public  tri- 
al. This  falling  in  queition.  in  the  court,  and  the  opinion  of 
the  reft  of  the  minifters  being  alked,  it  was  referred  to  fur- 
ther corifideration. 

The  court  chofe  anew  Governor*  viz.    Thomas  Dudley,  chofen  by 
Efq.  the  former  deputy,  and  Mr.  Ludlow  was  chofen  deputy,     papers, 
and  John  Haynes,  Efq.  an  affiflant,  and  all  the  refc  of  the  ai- 
fiftants  chofen  again. 

At  this  court  it  was  ordered  that  four  general  courts  fiiould 
be  kept  every  year,  and  that  the  whole  body  of  freemen  Ihould 
be  prefent  only  at  the  court  of  election  of  magiftrates,  and  that  Mr.  Cot- 
at  the  other  three,  every  town  ftiould  fend  their  deputies  who     tington 
mould  aflift  in  making  laws,  difpofing  lands,  &c.    Many  good     chofen 
orders  were  made  this  court,  it  held  three  days,  and  all  things  Treafuref 
were  carried  very  peaceably,  notwithftanding  that  fome  of  the 
affiftants  were  queilioned  by  the  freemen  for  fome  errors  in 
their  government,  and  fome  fines  impoied,  but  remitted  again 
before  thejcourt  broke  up.    The  court  was  kept  in  the  mee;ing- 
houfe  at  Bolton.     The  week  the  court  was,  there  came  in   fix 
(hips  with  ftore  of  paffengcrs  and  cattle. 

Mr.  Parker  a  minuter  and  a  company  with  him  being  about 
one  hundred,  went  to  fit  down  at  Agawam  and  divers  othcri 
of  the  new  comers. 

One  - — ,  a  Godly  minifter,  upon  eonfcience  of  his  Oath 

and  care  of  the  common  W.  difcovercd  to  the  magidrates  fome 
feditious  fpecches  of  his  foil  delivered  in  private  to  himfelf,  but 
the  court  thought  not  fit  to  call  the  party  in  queition  then, 
being  loth  to  have  the  father  come  in  as  public  accufer  of  his 
own  fon,  but  rather  dciired  to  find  other  matters,  or  other 
witneiies  againft  him. 

Mr.  Fleming,  mailer  of  a  {hip  of  Barnftable  went  hence   to         24 
the  Eaftward  to  cut  mails  there,  and  fo  to  return  to  England  ; 
there  returned  with  him  enfign  Mothani  and  another. 

Thefe  ihips,  by  reafon  of  their  ihori  pafikge  had  ilore  of 
provifions  left,  which  they  put  off  at  eafy  rates,  viz.  biicuit  at 
A0£.  the  C.  beef  at  61,  the  hothead,  &c. 

-    I  N-\vfo'.vrt 


66  GOVERNOR   WINTHROP's 

Newtown  men  being  ftraitened  for  ground  fent  feme  td 
Merimack  to  find  a  fit  place  to  tranfplant  themfelves. 

The  Thunder  which  \vent  to  Bermuda  the  ijth  of  Oftober, 
now  returned,  bringing  corn  and  goats  from  Virginia  (for  the 
vveavils  had  taken  the  corn  at  Bermuda  before  they  came  there) 
enfign  Jenyfon  went  in  her  for  a  pilot,  and  related  at  his  re- 
turn, that  there  was  a  very  great  change  in  'Bermuda  fince  he 
dwelt  there,  divers  lewd  perfons  having  become  good  chrilKans. 
They  have  three  minillers,  one  a  Scotchman  who  took  great 
pains  among  them,  and  had  lately,  by  prayer  and  fading  dif- 
porTeiTed  one  poffeiTcd  of  a  devil  :  They  obtained  his  recovery 
while  the  congregation  were  aftembled.  He  brought  news  al- 
ib  of  a  great  (hip  arrived  in  Patomack  river  in  Virginia,  with 
a  Governor  and  colony  lent  by  the  Lord  Bartimore  who  was 
expecled  there  moftjy  himfelf,  and  that  .they  refilled  thofe  of 
Virginia,  who  came  to  trade  in  that  river. 

It  appeared  after  that  the  King  had  written  to  Sir  Jo.  Harvy 
Kings  Governor  of  Virginia  to  give  all  affiftance  to  that  new 
plantation  which  was  called  Maryland  by  the  Queen  of  Eng- 
land, and  thofe  that  came  over  were  many  of  them  papifts, 
and  did  fet  up  mafs  openly. 

July.  The  Hercules  of  Dover  returned  by  St.  ''Georges  to  cut  malls 

to  carry  to  England. 

The"  laft  month  arrived  here  1 4  great  fhips  and  one  at  Salem, 
Mr.  Humphry  and  the  lady  Sufan  his  wife  one  of  the  Earl  of 
Lincoln's  fitters  arrived  here.  He  brought  more  ordnance, 
mu&cts  and  powder  bought  for  the  public  for  monies  given  to 
that  end  ;  for  godly  people  in  England  began  now  to  appre- 
hend r.n  efpecial  hand  of  God  in  failing  this  plantation,  and 
their  hearts  were  generally  flirred  to  come  to  us.  Among  o- 
thcrs  we  received  letters  from  a  godly  preacher  Mr.  Leviilon  a 
Scotchman  in  the  North  of  Ireland,  whereby  he  fignified  thr.t 
there  were  many  gcod  chriftians  in  thofe  parts  refolved  to  come 
hither  if  they  might  receive  fatisfadtion  concerning  feme 
queftions  and  propcfmoas  which  they  fent  over.  Likewife  Mr. 
Humphry  brought  certain  proportions  from  forr.e  perfons  of 
great  quality  and  eftate  (and  of  fpecial  note  for  piety)  where- 
by they  clifcovered  their  intentions  to  join  with  us  if  they  might 
receive  fatisfaction  therein.  'It  appeared  further  by  many  pri- 
vr.tc  letters  that  the  departure  of  io  many  of  the  belt,  both  rni- 
mfters  and  chriftians  had  bred  fad  thoughts  in  thofe  behind  of 
the  Lord's  intentions  in  this  work,  and  an  apprehenfion  of  fomc 
r-\  -,\  days  to  come  upon  England  ;  yea  ic  began  now  to  be  ap- 
prehended by  the  Arch-Biiliop  and  others  of  the  council  as  a 
.1  fler  of  ilate,  fo  as  thoy  lent  out  warrants  to  ilay  the  fnips-, 

and 


JOURNAL.  67 

and  to  call  in  our  patent :  but  upon  petition  of  the  fhip  mafters 
(alledging  how  beneficial  this  plantation  was  to  England)in  re- 
gard of  the  Newfoundland  Mining  which  they  took  in  their 
way  homeward,  the  flrps  were  at  that  time  releafed  :  But  Mr. 
Cradock(who  had  beenGovernor  in  England  before  the  govern  - 
ment  was  fent  over)  had  itricl  charge  to  deliver  in  the  patent ; 
whereupon  he  wrote  to  us  to  fend  it  home  upon  receipt  of  his 
letter.  The  Governor  and  council  confulted  about  it,  and  re  - 
folved  to  anfwer  Mr.  Cradock's  letter,  but  not  to  return  any 
anfwer  or  excufe  to  the  council  at  that  time. 

Divers  of  the  mips  loft  many  cattle,  but  the  two  which  came 
from  Ipfwich,  of  more  than  120,  loft  but  7.  None  of  the 
mips  loft  any  paflengers.  but  the  E.  Dorcas  which  having  a 
long  pafTage,  and  being  hurt  upon  a  rock  at  Silly,  and  very 
ill  victualled,  me  loll  60  paiTengers  at  fea,  and  divers  cama 
fick  on  more,  who  all  recovered  (through  the  mercy  of  God) 
except 

Mr.  Humphry  brought  1 6  hiefers  given  by  a  private  friend, 
viz.  Mr.  Richard  Andrews,  to  the  plantation,  viz.  To  every 
of  the  minifters  one,  and  the  red  to  the  poor,  and  one  half  of 
the  increafe  of  the  minifters  to  be  refer ved  for  other  minifters. 
Mr.  Wilfon  fo  foon  as  he  had  his,  ,gave  it  to  Mr.  Cotton.  By 
Mr.  Humphry's  means  much  money  was  procured,  and  divers 
promifed  yearly  peniions. 

Six  of  Newtown  went  in  the  Blefiinoj  (being  bound  to  the 
Dutch  plantation)  to  difcover  Connecticut  river,  intending  to 
remove  their  town  thither. 

Mr.  Bradford  and  Mr.  Window  two  of  the'  magiftrates  of 
Plimouth,  with  Mr.  Smith  their  paftor,  came  to  Bofton  by 
water  to  confer  with  fome  of  our  magiftrates  and  minifters  a- 
>3out  their  cafe  of  Kenebeck.  There  met  thereabout,  Mr. 
Winthrop,  Mr.  Cotton  and  Mr.  Wilfon,  and  after  they  had 
fought  the  Lord,  they  fell  firft  upon  fome  pafiages  which  they 
had  taken  fome  offence  at,  but  thofe  were  foon  cleared..  Then 
for  the  matter  itfelf  it  fell  into  thefe  points.  ift.  Whether 
their  right  of  trade  there  were  fuch  as  they  might  lawfully 
hinder  others  from  coming  there,  zd.  Admitting  that,  whether 
in  point  of  ccnfcience  they  might  fo  far  (land  upon  their  right 
as  to  take  away  or  hazard  any  man's  life  in  defence  of  it.  •  For 
the  i ft.  Their  right  appeared  to  be  good,  for  that  befidesthe 
King's  grant,  they  had  taken  up  that  place  as  'vacuum  domicili- 
.'4m t  and  fo  had  continued  without  interruption  or  claim  of  any 
of  the  natives  for  divers  years,  and  alfo  had  by  their  own 
:harge  and  providence  drawn  down  thither,  the  greateft  part 
T*f  the  trade  by  carrying  wampampeAgue  thither,  which  none 

cf 


68  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP'* 

the  Englifhhnd  known  the  ufe  of  before.  For  the  ad. 
They  allowed  that  their  (errant  did  kill  Holkin  to  fave  other  of 
their  men  whom  he  was  ready  to  have  mot, — yet  they  acknow- 
ledged that  they  did  hold  themfelves  under  guilt  of  the  breach 
of  the  6th  commandment,  in  that  they  did  hazard  men's  lives 
forfuch  a  caufe,  and  did  not  rather  wait  topreferve  their  right 
by  other  means,  which  they  rather  acknowledged  becaufe  they 
\vifhed  it  were  not  done,  and  hereafter  they  would  be  careful 
to  prevent  the  likr. 

The  Governor  and  Mr.  Winthrcp  wrote  their  letters  into 
England  to  mediate  their  peace,  and  fent  them  by  Mr.Wilfon, 
Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges  and  Capt.  Mafonfent  to  Piicat. 

and  Aquawaticus,  with  2  faw-mil!s  to  be  creeled,  in  each  place 
one. 

Mr.  Cradock  wrote  to  the  Governor  and  affiftants,  and  fent 
a  copy  of  the  council's  order,  whereby  we  were  required  to 
fend  over  our  patent.  Upon  long  confutation  whether  we 
fhould  return  anfwer  or  not,  we  agreed,  and  returned  anfwer 
to  Mr.  Cradock,  excufing  that  it  could  not  be  done  but  by  a 
general  court  which  was  to  be  holden  in  September  next. 

Mr.Winthrop  the  late  Gov.  received  a  letter  from  the  Earl  of 
Warwick,  wherein  he  congratulated  the  profperity  of  cur  planta- 
tion ,  and  encouraged  our  proceedings,  and  offered  his  help  to 
further  us  in  it. 

29  The  Governor  and  council  and  divers  of  the  imniflers  and 

others,  met  at  Cattle  Ifland,  and  there  agreed  upon  creeling 
two  platforms  and  one  fmall  fortification  to  fecure  the  city, and 
for  the  prefent  furtherance  of  it,  they  agreed  to  lay  out  five 
pounds  a  man  till  a  rule  might  be  made  at  the  next  general 
court.  The  deputy  Roger  Ludlow  was  chofen  overfeer  of  the 
work. 
Auguft  2.  Mr.  Samuel  Skelton  paftor  of  Salem  died. 

4  At  the  court,  the  new  town  at  Agawam  was  named  Ipfwich, 

in  acknowledgement  of  the  great  honour  and  kindnefs  done  to 
our  people  which  took  (hipping  there,  &c.  and  a  day  of  thankf- 
giving  appointed  a  fortnight  after  for  the  particular  revival  of 
the  times,  &c. 

A  letter  to  Mr.  Winthrop  by  Mr.  Jeffery  an  old  planter, 
written  to  him  from  Moreton,  wherein  he  related  how  he 
had  obtained  his  long  fuit,  and  that  a  commiffion  was  gran- 
ted for  a  general  Governor  to  be  fent  over,  with  many 
railing  fpeeches  and  threats  againil  this  plantation,  and  Mr. 
Winthrop  in  particular.  Mr.  Winthrop  acquainted  the  Go- 
vernof  and  council  with  it,  and  fome  of  the  miniilers. 

This  fummer  was  hotter  lhan  many  before, 

About 


JOURNAL.  6g 

About  midnight  one  Craford  (who  came  this  fummer)  with 
"his  brother  and  fervant,  having  put  many  goods  in  a  fmall 
boat  in  Charles  River,  over  againft  Richard  Brown  his  -  houfe, 
overfet  the  boat  with  the  weight  of  fome  hhds.  (as  wasfuppof- 
ed)  fo  as  they  were  all  three  drowned,  yet  one  of  them  could 
fwim  well,  and  tho  the  neighbours  came  running  forth  inilant- 
ly  upon  their  cry,  yet  none  could  be  faved. 

Our  neighbours  of  Plimouth  and  we  had  often  traded  with 
the  Dutch  at  Hudfon's  River  (called  New  Netherlands).  We 
had  from  them  about  40  (heep  and  beaver,  and  brafs  pieces 
and  fugar,  &c.  for  fack,  ftrong  waters,  linen  cloth  and  other 
commodities.  They  have  a  great  trade  of  beaver,  about  9  or 
10,000  fkins  in  a  year.  Our  neighbours  of  Plimouth  had 
great  trade  alfo  this  year  at  Kenebeck,  fo  aslVlr.  Winflow  car- 
ried with  him  into  England  this  year  about  20  hhds.  of  bea- 
ver, the  greateft  part  whereof  was  traded  for  wampampeague. 

One  pleafant  pafTage  happened  which  was  afted  by  the  In- 
dians. Mr,  Winilow  coming  in  his  bark  from  Connecticut  to 
Naraganfett,  and  left  her  there,  and  intending  to  return  by 
land,  he  went  to  Ofamekin  the  Sagamore,  his  old  ally,  who 
offered  to  conduft  him  home  to  Plimouth,  but  before  they  took 
their  journey  Ofamekin  fent  one  of  his  men  to  Plimouth  to 
tell  them  that  Mr.  Winflow  .was  dead,  and  directed  him  to 
ihew  how  and  where  he  was  killed,  whereupon  there  was  much 
fear  and  forrow  at  Plimouth.  The  next  day  when  Ofamekia 
brought  him  home  they  alked  him  why  he  fent  fuch  word,  &c% 
he  anfwered,  that  it  was  their  manner  to  do  fo  that  they  might 
be  more  welcome  when  they  came  home. 

Mr.  Bradford  and  Mr.  Collier  of  Plimouth  came  to  Bofton,         19 
having  appointed  a  meeting  there  the  week  before,  but  by  rea- 
fon   of  foul  weather  were  driven  back.     They  had  written  to 
Captain  Wiggin  of  Pifcat.  about  the  meeting  for  hearing  the 
caufe  of  Hofkins  death. 

Corn  was  this  year  at  45.  the  bufhel  and  fome  at  33.  and 
fome  cheaper. 

The  D ,  a  pinnace  of  about  50  tons  came  from  Ma-        29 

fyland  upon  Patomack  River  with  corn  to  exchange  for  n(h  and 
other  commodities.  The  Governor  Leonard  Calcourt  and  two 
of  the  commiffioners  wrote  to  the  Governor  here  to  make  of- 
fer of  trade  of  corn,  &c.  and  the  Governor  of  Virginia  wrote 
alfo  on  their  behalf,  and  one  Capt.  Young  wrote  to  make  offer 
to  deliver  cattle  here.  Near  all  their  company  came  fick  hith- 
er, and  the  merchant  died  within  one  week  after. 

The  general  court  began  at  Newtown  and  continued  a  week,      Sept,  4 
and  then  was  adjourned  eleven  days.     Many  things  were 

there 


GOVERNOR   WINTHROP'* 

there  agitated  and  concluded,  as  fortifying  in  Caftle  liland, 
Dorchefter.and  Charleftown ;  alfo  againft  tobacco  and  coftl)r 
apparel,  and  immodeft  fafhions,  and  committees  appointed  for 
fetung  out  the  bounds  of  towns,  with  divers  other  matters, 
which  do  appear  upon  record.  But  the  main  bufinefs  which 
fpent  the  moft  time,  and  caufed  the  adjourning  of  the  court, 
was  about  the  removal  of  Newtown.  They  had  leave  the  laft 
general  court  to  look  out  fome  place  for  enlargement  or  re- 
moval, with  promife  of  having  it  confirmed  to  them  if  it 
were  not  prejudicial  to  any  other  plantation  ;  and  now  they 
moved  that  they  might  have  leave  to  remove  to  Connecticut. 
This  matter  was  debated  divers  days,  and  many  reafons  al- 
Jedgedpro  and  con.  The  principal  reafons  for  their  removal, 
were,  i .  Their  wa'n-t  of  accommodation  for  their  cattle,  fo  as. 
frhev  were  not  able  to  maintain  their  minider,  nor  could  re- 
ceive any  more  of  their  friends  to  help  them  ;  and  here  it  was 
alledged  by  Mr.  Hooker,  as  a  fundamental  error,  that  towns 
were  let  fo  near  each  to  other.  2.  The  fruitfulnefs  and  com- 
siodioufnefs  of  Connecticut,  and  the  danger  of  having  it  pof- 
leffed  by  other  Dutch  or  Englifh.  3.  The  ftrong  bent  of  their 
Spirits  to  remove  thither. 

Againft  thefe,  it  was  faid,  i .  That  in  poit  of  confcience  they 
eaght  not  to  depart  from  us,  being  knit  to  us  in  one  body, 
and  bound  by  oath  to  leek  the  welfare  of  this  Commonwealth. 
2.  That  in  point  of  Hate  and  civil  policy,  we  ought  not  to 
give  them  leave  to  depart,  i.  Being  new,  were  now  weak 
and  in  danger  to.  be  afiailed.  2.  The  departure  of  Mr.  Hook- 
er would  not  only  draw  many  from  us,  but  alfo  divert  ether 
friends  that  would  come  to  us.  3.  We  mould  expofe  them  to 
evidetit  peril  both  from  the  Dutch  who  made  claim  to  the 
iame  river  and  had  already  built  a  fort  there,  and  from  the 
Indians,  and  alfo  from  our  own  ftate  at  home,  who  would  not 
endure  they  mould  fit  down  without  a  patent  in  any  place 
which  our  King  lays  claim  unto. 

3.  They  might  be  accommodated  at  home  by  fome  enlarge- 
ment which  other  towns  offered.  4.  They  might  remove  to 
Merimack  or  any  other  place  within  oar  patent.  5.  The  re- 
moving of  a  candleftick is  a  great  judgment  which  is  early  to 
be  avoided.  Upon  thefe  and  other  arguments  the  court  being 
•divided,  it  was  put  to  vote,  and  of  the  deputies  15  were  for 
their  departure,  and  10  againft  it.  The  Governor  and  two 
sffiftants  were  for  it,  and  the  deputy  and  all  the  reft  of  the  af- 
Eilants  were  againft  it,  except  the  fecretary  who  gave  no  vote, 
whereupon  no  record  was  entered  becaufe  there  were  not  fix 
in  the  vote,  as  the  patent  requkes,  Upon  this  grew 

a  great 


JOURNAL.  71 

at  great  difference  between  the  governor  and  afiiftants,  and  th*  16  54. 
deputies :  They  \yould  not  yield  the  affiftants  a  negative  voice,, 
and  the  other  (cbnfidering  how  dangerous  it  might  be  to  the 
commonwealth  if  they  mould  not  keep  that  ftrength  to  ballance 
the  greater  number  of  deputies)  thought  it  fafe  to  fiand  upon 
it ;  fo  when  they  could  proceed  no  further,  the  whole  court 
agreed  to  keep  a  day  of  humiliation  to  feekthe  Lord,  -which 
accordingly  was  done  in  all  the  congregations  the  i8th  day 
of  this  month,  and  the  24th  the  court  met  again.  Before 
they  began  Mr.  Cotton  preached  (being  dcfired  by  all  the 
court,  upon  Mr.  Hooker's  inflant  excufe  of  his  unfitnefs  fix- 
that  occafion)  he  took  his  text  out  of  Hag.  2.4.  and  out  of 
which  he  laid  down  the  nature  or  ftrength  (as  he  term'd  it)  of 
the  magiftracy,  miniftry  and  people,  viz.  The  ftrength  of  the 
magiftracy  to  be  their  authority, --of  the  people  their  liberty, 
and  of  the  rniniftry  their  purity  ;  and  fhewed  how  all  of  thofe 
had  a  negative  voice,  and  that  yet  the  ultimate  refolutioa 
cught  to  be  in  the  whole  body  of  the  people,  &c.  with  anfwer 
to  all  objections,  and  a  declaration  of  the  peoples  duty  and 
light  to  maintain  their  true  liberties  againft  any  unjuft  violence,, 
&c.  which  gave  great  fatisfaclion  to  the  company.  And  it 
pleafed  the  Lord  fo  to  aiTift  him  and  to  blefs  his  own  ordinance, 
that  the  affairs  of  the  court  went  on  cheerfully,  and  altfeo 
all  were  not  fatisfied  about  the  negative  voice  to  be  left  to  tiie 
magiftrate,fyet  no  man  moved  aught  about  it,  and  the  congre- 
gation of  Newtowncame  and  accepted  of  fuch  enlargement  as 
had  formerly  been  -offered  them  by  Boftcn  and  Watertown, 
and  fo  the  fear  of  their  removal  to  Connecticut  was  removed. 

At  this  court  Mr.  Goodwin  a  very  revered  and  godly  maa 
being  the  elder  of  the  congregation  of  Newton,  having  ia 
heat  of  argument,  ufed  fome  unrevercnd  fpeech  to  one  of  the 
afliflants,  and  being  reproved  for  the  fame  in  the  open  court, 
did  gravely  and  humbly  acknowledge  his  fault,  &c. 

At  .this  court  were  many  laws  made  againft  tobacco  andim- 
fiiodeft  fcilhions  and  coftly  apparel,  &c.  as  appears  by  the  re- 
cords. And  6col.  raifed  towards  fortifications  and  other  char- 
ges, which  were  the  more  haftened,  becaufe  the  Griffin  and  a- 
nother  fhip,  now  arriving  with  about  200  pafTengers  and  100 
cattle  (Mr.  Lathrop  and  Mr,  Simes,  two  godly  minifters  com- 
ing in  the  fame  fhip)  there  came  over  a  copy  of  the  commit- 
on  granted  to  the  two  Arch-Bilhcps  and  ten  others  of  the  coun- 
cil, to  regulate  all  plantations,  and  power  given  them  cr  any 
five  of  them,  to  call  in  all  patents,  to  make  laws,  to  r.iifc 
tythes  and  portions  for  mi  nailers,  tb  remove  and  puiiifli  Go- 
•^rflors,  and  to  hear  and  deierir.hie  all  cauTcs,  and  inflict  all 


7*  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'ji 

1634.  punifnmcnts,  even  death  itfelf,  See.  This  being  advifed  front 
L  -y-  J  our  friends  to  be  intended  fpecially  for  us,  and  that  there  were 
ihips  and  foldiers  provided,  given  out  as  for  the  carrying  the 
new  Governor,  Capt.  Woodhoufe  to  Virginia,  but  fufpefted 
to  be  againft  us,  to  compel  us  by  force  to  receive  a  new  Go- 
vernor, and  the  difeipline  of  the  church  of  England,  and  the 
laws  of  the  Commiifioners,--occafioned  the  magiflrates  and  de- 
puties to  haften  our  fortifications,  and  to  difcover  our  ir.ir.ds 
each  to  other,  which  grew  to  this  conclufion,  viz. 
Oft.  5.  At  this  court  as  before  the  affiftants  had  their  dues  at  the 
Governors  at  Newtown,  and  the  firft  day  all  the  deputies.  He 
had  i ool.  allowed  him  for  his  charges,  and  500!.  more  was 
taifed  towards  fortifications,  &c. 

About  this  time  one  Alderman  of  Bear  Cove,  being  about 
50  years  old,  loft  his  way  between  Dorchefter  and  Weffagafus, 
and  wandered  in  the  woods  and  fwamps  three  days  and  two 
nights  without  taking  any  food,  and  being  near  fpent,  God 
brought  him  to  Scituate,  but  he  had  torn  his  legs  much,  other 
harm  he  had  none. 

It  being  found  that  the  four  le&ures  did  fpend  too  much 
time,  and  proved  very  burdenfome  to  the  rninifters  and  peo- 
ple, the  rninifters,  with  the  advice  of  the  magiftrates,  and 
with  confent  of  their  congregations,  did  agree  to  reduce  them 
to  two  days,  viz. Mr. Cotton  at  Bofton  one  Thurfday  or  the  5th 
day  of  the  week,  and  Mr.  Hooker  at  Newtown  the  next  5th 
day,  and  Mr.  Warham  at  Dorchefteronc  4th  day  of  the  week, 
and  Mr.  Wilde  at  Roxbury  the  next  4th  day. 

Mr.  Lathrop  who  had  been  paflor  of  a  private  congrega- 
tion in  London,  and  for  the  fame  kept  long  time  in  prifon. 
(upon  refufal  of  the  oaih  ex -off  do)  being  at  Bofton  upon  a 
jTacrament  day,  after  the  fermon,  defired  leave  of  the  congre- 
gation to  be  preient  at  the  adminiilration,  but  faid  that  he 
ciurft  not  deiire  to  partake  in  it,  becaufe  he  was  not  then  in 
order,  (being  difmiffed  from  his  former  congregation)  and  he 
thought  it  not  iit  to  be  iuddenly  admitted  into  any  other  for 
example  fake,  and  becaufe  of  the  deceitful nefs  of  man's  heart. 
Ke  went  to  Scituate,  being  defired  to  be  their  paftor. 
14.  It  was  informed  the  Governor  that  iome  of  our  people  being 

aboard  the  bark  of  Maryland,  the  failors  did  revile  them,  call- 
ing them  holy  brethren,  the  members, &c.  and  withal  did  curfe 
and  fwear  moil  horribly,  and  uled  threatning  fpeechcs  againft 
us.  The  Governor  wrote  to  feme  of  the  affiftants  about  it, 
and  upon  advice  with  the  minifters,  it  was  agreed  to  call  them 
in  qucilion;  and  to  this  end,  (bccaufe  we  knew  not  how  to 
£&t  them  out  of  their  bark)  we  apprehended  the  merchant  of 

the 


)    O    tl    R    tf    A    L. 

the  m!.p,  being  one  Store/ and  committed  him  to  the  marmall; 
till  Mr.  Maverick  came  and  undertook  that  the  offender  mould 
be  forthcoming.  The  next  day  (the  Governor  not  being  well) 
we  examined  the  witnefTes  and  found  them  fall  fhort  of  the 
matter  of  threatnirtg,  and  not  to  agree  about  the  reviling 
fpeeches,  beilde,  not  being  able  to  deiign  certainly  the  men 
that  had  fo  offended,  whereupon  (the  bark  flaying  only  for  this) 
the  bail  was  difcharged,  and  a  letter  written  to  the  mailer,  that 
in  regard  fuch  diforders  were  committed  aboard  his  fhip,  it 
was  his  duty  to  inquire  out  the  offenders  and  puniih  them,  and 
withal  to  defire  him  to  bria'g  no  more  fuch  difordered  perfoas 
among  us. 

The  weather  was  very  fair  and  hot  without  rain;  near  fix 
weeks. 

The  Lords  Say  and  Brock  wrote  to  the  Governor  and  Mr. 
Bellingham,  that  howfoever  they  might  have  fent  a  man  of  war 
to  beat  down  the  houfein  Kenebeck  for  the  death  of  Ho/kins, 
&c.  that  they  thought  better  to  take  another  courfe,  and  there- 
fore defired  that  fome  of  ours  might  be  joined  with  Gapt.  Wig- 
gin'their  agent  at  Pifcat.  to  fee  jultice  done,  &c. 

Six  men  of  Salem  going  on  fowling  in  a  canoe,  were  over-         20 
fet  near  Kettle  Ifland,  and  five  of  them  drowned. 

At  the  court  of  affillants  complaint  was  made  by  fdrrie  of  the  gbc 
country,  viz*  Richard  Brown  of  Watertown  in  the  name  of 
the  reft,  that  the  enfign  at  Salem  was  defaced,  viz.  one  part 
of  the  red  crofs  taken  out*  Upon  this  an  attachment  was  a- 
warded  againft  Richard  Davenport,  Enfign  bearer  to  appear 
at  the  next  court  to  anfwer.  .Much  matter  was  made  of  this, 
as  fearing  it  would  be  taken  as  an  acl  of  rebellion,  or  of  like 
high  nature,  in  defacing  the  King's  colours  :  Though  the  truth 
were  it  was  done  upon  this  opinion*  that  the  red  crofs  was 
given  to  the  King  of  England  by  the  Pope^  as  a.i  enfign  of 
viclory,  and  fo  a  fupcrftitious  thing,  and  arelique  of  antichrift. 
What  proceeding  was  hereupon,  will  appear  after,  at  next 
court  in  the  firfl  month,  for  by  reafon  of  the  great  fnows  aiid 
frofts  we  ufed  not  to  keep  courts  in  the  three  winter  months. 

The  Rebeccah  came  from  Naraganfett  with  500  bulhds  of 
corn  given  to  Mr.  John  Oldhnm.  The  Indians  had  prom i fed 
him  loobumels,  but  their  {tore  fell  out  lefs  than  they  expecleti. 
They  gave  him  alfo  an  Ifland,  in  the  Naraganfett  Bay,  called 
Chippaceerfett,  about  fix  miles  long  and  two  broad.  This  is 
a  very  fair  bay,  being  above  twelve  leagues  fquare,  with  di- 
vers great  Iflands  in  it,  a  deep  channel  clofe  to  the  fhore,  be- 
ing rocky.  Mr.  Pierce  took  the  height  there,  and  found  it  41  - 
41 ,  being  not  above  half  a  degree  to  the  for.:hward  of  us.  In 


GOVERNOR    \VINTHRO  P'i 

1634.      his  voyage  to  "and  fro,  he   went  over  the  Ihoals,  having  mcft 
%     _«  part  5  or  6  fathom,  within  half  a  «nile  and  lels  of  the  (bore 

Nov.  from  theNorth  part  of  Cape  Cod  to  Xatuckett  Ifland,which  is  a- 
bout  20  leagues,  and  in  the  fhalloweil  place  two  and  an  half  fa- 
thom. The  country  on  the  W.  of  the  bay  of  Naraganfett  is  all 
champain  for  many  miles  but  very  ilony,  and  full  of  Indians. 
He  faw  there  above  1000  men,  women  and  children,  yet  the 
men  were  many  abroad  on  hunting.  Natuckett  is  an  Ifland 
full  of  Indians,  about  10  leagues  in  length  E.  and  Weft. 

There  came  to  the  Deputy  Governor  about  14  days  fmce  a 
mefTengcr  from  the  Pekod  Sachem  to  defire  our  friendmip,  he 
brought  two  bundles  of  Hicks  wherewith  he  fignified  how  many 
beaver  and  other  fkins  he  would  give  us  for  that  end,  and  great 
ftoreof  Wampumpeague  (about  two  bufhelsbyhis  defcription) 
He  brought  a  fmall  preient  with  him,  which  the  deputy  receiv- 
ed, and  returned  a  moofe  coat  of  as  good  value,  and  withal 
told  him  that  he  mull  fend  perfons  of  greater  quality,  and  then 
our  Governor  would  treat  with  them.  And  now  there  came 
two  men  who  brought  another  preient  of  wampampeague,  the 
deputy  brought  them  to  Bofton  where  moil  of  the  aiiiilants  were 
affembled  by  cccafion  of  the  leclure,  who  calling  to  them  fome 
of  the  miniiters,  grew  to  this  treaty  with  them :  That  we  were 
willing  to  have  frienclfhip,  &c.  but  becaufe  they  had  killed 
fomeEngliihmen,  vrz.Capt.  Stone&c.  they  muft  firft  deliver  up 
fach  as  were  guilty  of  his  death,  &c.  They  anfvvered,  that  the 
Sachem  who  then  lived  was  flain  by  the  Dutch,  and  all  the  men 
ivho  were  guilty  were  dead  of  the  pox,  except  two, and  that  if  they 
were  worthy  of  death,  they  would  move  their  Sachem  to  have 
them  delivered  (for  they  had  no  commifiion  to  do  it)  but  they 
excufed  the  facl,  faying  that  Capt.  Stone  coming  into  their  ri- 
ver, took  two  of  their  men  and  bound  them,  and  made  them 
mew  him  th^  way  up  the  river,  which  when  they  had  done,  he 
with  two  others  and  the  two  Indians  (their  hand  fUll  bound) 
went  on  (here,  and  9  of  their  men  watched  them,  and  when 
they  were  on  ihore  in  the  night,  they  killed  them,  then  going 
towards  the  pinnace  to  have  taken  that,  it  fuddenly  blew  up 
into  the  air.  This  was  related  with  fuch  confidence  and  gravi- 
ty, as  having  no  means  to  contradicl  it,  we  were  inclined  to  be- 
lieve it,  but  the  Governor  not  being  prefent,  we  concluded 
nothing  but  fome  of  us  went  with  them  the  next  day  to  the 
Governor. 

The  reafon  why  they  defired  fo  much  our  friendship  was  be- 
caufe they  were  now  in  war  with  the  Naraganfetrs,  whom,  till 
this  year,  they  ha.d  kept  under,  and  .likewife  with  the  Dutch, 
who  had  killed  their  old  Sachem  and  fome  other  of  their  men, 

for 


J    O^U    R    N    A    Lr  7 

for  that  the  Pekods  had  killed  Come  Indians  who  came  to  trade       1634. 

with  the  Dutch   at  Connecticut,  and  by  thefe  occafions  they  ' -y  - _ 

could  not  trade  fafely  any  where,   therfore  they  defirpd   us  to      Nov. 
fend  a  pinnace  with  cloths  and  we  fhoukl  have  all  their  trade. 
They  offered  usalfo  all  their  right  at  Connecticut,  and  to  fur- 
ther us  what  they  could  if  we  would  fettle  a  plantation  there. 

When  they  came  to  the  Governor,  they  agreed,  according 
to  the  former  treaty,  viz.  to  deliver  us  the  two  men  who  were 
guilty  of  Captain  Stone's  death,  when  we  would  fend  for  them; 
to  yield  Connecticut ;  to  give  us  400  fathom  of  wampam,  and 
forty  beaver  and  thirty  otter  /kins,  and  that  we  mould  pre- 
fently  fend  a  pinnace  with  cloths  to  trade  with  them,  but  not  to 
defend  them,  &c. 

The  next  morning  news  came  that  two  or  three  hundred  of 
the  Naraganfetts  were  come  to  Cohan,  viz.  Naponfett,  to  kill  L 
the  Pekod  ambaffadors,  &c.  Prefently  we  fent  cut  to  Rox- 
bury,  and  raifed  fome  few  men  in  arms,  and  fent  to  the  Nara- 
ganfett  men  to  come  to  us  ;  when  they  came  there  were  no 
more  but  two  of  their  Sachems  and  about  twenty  men,  who 
had  been  on  hunting  thereabouts  and  came  to  lodge  with  the  In- 
dians at  Cohan,  as  their  manner  is,  fo  we  treated  with  them 
about  the  Pekods,  and  at  our  requefl  they  promifed  they  mould 
go  and  come  to  and  from  us  in  peace,  and  they  were  alfo  con- 
tent to  enter  further  treaty  of  peace  with  them,  and  in 
all  things  (hewed  themfelves  very  ready  to  gratify  us ;  fo  the 
Pekods  returned  home,  and  the  Naraganfetts  departed  well 
fatisfied ;  only  they  were  told  in  private,  that  if  they  did 
make  peace  with  the  Pekods,  we  would  give  them  part  of  that 
wampam,  which  they  fliould  give  us  (for  the  Pekods  hold  it 
dimonorable  to  offer  them  anything  as  of  themfelves)  yetwere 
willing  we  mould  give  it  them,  and  indeed  did  offer  us  fo  much 
for  that  end.  The  agreement  they  made  with  us  was  put  in, 
writing,  and  the  two  ambaifadors  fet  their  marks,  one  a  bow 
with  an  arrow  in  it,  and  the  other  a  hand. 

The  Regard  afliip  of  Barnftable,  of  about  two  hundred  tons         13 
arrived  with  twenty  paffengers  and  about  fifty  cattle. 

One  thing  I  think  fit  to  obferve  as  a  witnefs  of  God's  pro- 
vidence for  this  plantation.  There  came  in  this  fiiip  one 
Mansfield,  a  poor  godly  man  of  Exeter,  being  very  defirous 
to  come  to  us,  but  not  able  to  tranfport  his  family  :  there  was 
in  the  city  a  rich  merchant,  one  Marshall,  who  being  trou- 
bled in  his  dreams  about  the  laid  poor  man,  could  not  be  quiet 
till  he  had  fent  for  him  and  given  him  50!.  and  lent  him  icoL 
willing  him  withal,  that  if  he  wanted,  he  fliould  fend  to  him 


76  GOVERNOR   WINT%HRpP's 

1 6  -,  i .     for  more.     This  Mansfield  grew  fuddenly  rich 'and  then  loft  his 

'— i— y — _.'  godlinefs,  and  hi*  wealth  Toon  after. 

Nov.  18  About  this  time  an  open  pinnace  of  one  Mr.  Sewal.  oflpf- 
witch,  going  deep  laden  from  Boilon  was  caft  away  upon  the 
rock  at  the  head  of  Cape  Anne,  in  a  N.  E.  florm,  but  all  the 
men  were  faved. 

S I  One  Willy  a  godly  man,  and  member  of  Boilon  church,  and 

one  Doroty  an  honeil  man  and  two  boys,  going  over  to  Nod- 
die's  ifiand  to  fetch  wood  in  a  fmall  boat,  and  none  of  them, 
having  any  foill  or  experience,  were  caft  away  in  aN.  E.  tem- 
peft  as  they  came  home  in  the  night  laden,  being  then  ebbing 
water.  We  fent  two  boats  on  the  Lord's  day  fo  foon  as  they 
were  miffing  (being  the  23d)  but  they  could  not  find  men,  or 
boat,  or  wood,  in  any  place  of  the  bay.  Three  days  after 
the  boat  was  found  at  Muddy  River  overturned. 
27  The  affiftants  met  at  the  Governor's  to  advife  about  the  de- 

facing of  .the  crofs  in  the  enfign  at  Salem,  where  (taking  ad- 
vice with  fome  of  the  miniilers)  we  agreed  to  write  to  Mr. 
Downing  in  England,  of  the  truth  of  the  matter,  under  all 
our  hands,  that  if  occafion  were  he  might  mew  it  in  our  ex- 
cufe,  for  there  we  exprefTed  our  difiike  of  the  thing,  and  our 
purpofe  to  furnifli  the  offenders,  yet  with  as  much  warinefs  as 
we  might,  being  doubtful  of  the  lawfulnefs  of  the  crofs  in  an 
enfign,  tho  we  were  clear  that  the  facl,  as  concerning  the 
manner,  was  very  unlawful. 

It  was  then  informed  us  how  Mr.  Eliot  the  teacher  of  the 
church  of  Roxbury  had  taken  occafion  in  a  fermon  to  fpeak  of 
the  peace  made  with  the  Pt  kods,  and  to  lay  fome  blame  upon 
eur  meafures  for  proceeding  therein  without  confent  of  the 
people,  and  for  other  failings  (as  he  conceived).  We  took 
order  that  he  {Lould  be  dealt  with  by  Mr.  Cotton,  Mr.  Plook- 
er  and  Mr.  Wilde,  to  be  brought  to  fee  his  error,  and  to  heal 
?t  by  fome  public  explanation  of  his  meaning,  for  the  people 
began  to  take  occafion  to  murmur  againft  us  for  it. 

It  was  likewife  informed  that  Mr,  Williams  of  Salem  had 
broken  his  promife  to  us  in  teaching  publicly  againft  the  King's 
patent,  and  our  great  fin  in  claiming  right  thereby  to  this 
country,  &c.  and  for  ufual  terming  the  churches  of  England 
Aftti-ChrifUan.  We  granted  fummons  to  him  for  his  appear- 
ance at  the  next  court. 

The  aforefoid  three  minirters  upon  conference  with  the  faid 
Mr.  Eliot,  brought  him  to  acknowledge  his  error  in  that  he 
had  miftakcn  the  ground  of  his  doctrine,  and  that  he  did  ac- 
knowledge that  for  a  peace  only  (whereby  the  people  were  not 
to  be  engaged  in  a  war)  the  magiiirates  might  conclude, 


J    OfU    R    N    A    L.  77 

fhbe  intonfulto,  and  fo  prcmifed  to  exprefs  himfelf  in   public 
«ext  Lord's  day. 

One  Scott  and  Eliot  of  Ipfwich  were  loft  in  their  way  home- 
wards, and  wandered  up  and  down  fix  days,  and  eat  nothing  ; 
at  length  they  were  found  by  an  Indian  being  almoft  fcnfelefs 
for  want  of  reft. 

About  the  fame  time  one  was  21  days  upon 

Plumb  Ifland  and  found  by  chance  frozen  in  the  fnow,  yet  a- 
•live  and  did  well.  He  had  been  miffing  20  days,  and  himfelf 
faid  he  had  no  food  all  that  time. 

Was  an  extraordinary  tempeft  of  wind  and  fnow  at  N.  N.  E.     Dec. 
which  continued  24  hours,  and  after  that  fuch  froft  as  within 
two  days  the  whole  bay  was  frozen  over,  but  free  again  before 
night. 

The  lectures  at  Bofton  and  Newtown  returned  again  to  their  i  x 
former  courfe,  becaufe  the  weather  was  many  times  fo  tedious 
as  people  could  not  travel.  This  day  after  the  lecture  the  in- 
habitants of  Bofton  met  to  choofe  feven  men  who  fhould  divide 
the  town  lands  among  them.  Theychofe  by  papers,  and  in 
their  choice,  left  out  Mr.  Coddington  and  other  of  the  chief 
men,  only  they  chofe  one  of  the  elders  and  a  deacon,  and  the 
reft  of  the  inferior  fort.  This  they  did,  as  fearing  the  richer 
men  would  give  the  poorer  fort  no  great  proportions  of  land, 
but  would  rather  leave  a  great  part  at  liberty  for  new  comers 
and  for  common,  which  Mr.  Winthrop  had  often  perfuaded 
them  unto  as  belt  for  the  town,  &c.  Mr.  Cotton  and  divers 
others  were  offended  at  this  choice,  becaufe  they  declined  the 
magiftrates ;  and  Mr.  Winthrop  refufed  to  be  one  upon  fuch  an 
election  as  was  carried  by  a  voice  or  two,  telling  them  that  tho 
for  his  part  he  did  not  apprehend  any  perfonal  injury,  nor  did 
doubt  of  their  good  offering  towards  him,  yet  he  was  much 
grieved  that  Bofton  fnould  be  the  firft  who  mould  make  off 
their  magiftrates,  efpecially  Mr.  Coddington  who  had  been 
always  fo  forward  for  their  enlargement ;  adding  further  reafon 
for  declining  this  choice,  to  blot  out  fo  bad  a  precedent,  where- 
upon, at  the  motion  of  Mr.  Cotton  who  (hewed  them  that  it 
was  the  Lord's  order  among  the  Ifraelites  to  have  all  fuchbufi- 
nefs  committed  to  the  elders,  -and  that  it  had  been  never  the* 
rule  to  have  chofen  fome  of  each  fort,  &c.  They  all  agreed 
to  go  to  a  new  eieclion,  which  was  refered  to  the  next  lecture 
day. 

The  reafon  why  fome  were  not  willing  that  the  people  mould 
have  more  land  in  the  bay  than  they  might  be  likely  to  ufe  in 
fome  reafonable  time,  was  partly  to  prevent  the  neglect  of 
trade  and  other  more  neceflary  employments,  and  partly  that 

there 


73  GOVERNOR    W1NTHROP', 

1634.      there  might  be  place  to  receive  fach  as  mould  come  after ;  fee-. 
V ,— T— t  ing  it  would  be  very  prejudicial  to  the  Commonwealth,  if  men 

Dec.  fhould  be  forced  to  go  far  off  for  land,  while  others  had  much, 
and  could  make  no  ufe  of  it  more  than  to  pleafe  their  eye  with 
it. 

One  Abigail  GifFord,  widow,  being  kept  at  the  charge  of* 
the  parifliof  Wilfden  in  Middlefex  near  London,  was  fent  by 
Mr.  Ball's  ihi  pinto  this  country,  and  being  found  to  be  fome- 
times  diftracted,  and  a  very  burdenfome  woman,  the  Governor 
and  affiflants  returned  her  back  by  warrant,  to  the  fame  parilh, 

1 8  in  the  fhip  Rebecca. 

22  A  fail  was  kept  by  the  church  of  Char.leftown,  and  Mr. 

Symes  chofen  their  teacher. 

By  a  letter  from  Plimouth  it  was  certified  that  the  Dutch  of 
Hudfon's  River  had  been  at  Connecticut,  and  came  in  warlike 
manner  to  put  the  Plimouth  men  out  of  their  houfe  there,  but 
when  they  ftood  upon  their  defence,  they  departed,  without 
offering  any  violence. 
n  Mo.  The  church  of  Bofton  kept  a  day  of  humiliation  for  the  ab- 

13  fence  of  their  paflor  and  other  brethren  gone  to  England,  and 
like  to  be  troubled  and  detained  there,  and  for  that  the  Lord 
had  made  a  breach  upon  them  by  thofe  four  which  were  drow- 
ed,  as  is  before  fet  down :  at  which  faft  M.  Cotton  preached 
out  of  Numbers  xxxv.  13.  and  one  of  the  members  taught  our 
of  that  in  Samuel  iii.  39. — Wherefore  doth  a  living  man  com" 
plain.  ? 

All  the  minifters  except  Mr.  Ward  of  Ipfvvich,  met  at  Bof- 

19  ton,  being  requeued  by  the  Governor  and  aififlants,  to  confi- 
der  of  thefe  two  cafes,      i .  What  ought  to  be  done  if  a  gene- 
ral Governor  (hould  be  fent  out  of  England  ?   2.  Whether  it 
be  lawful  for  us  to  carry  the  crofs  in  our  banners  ?  In  the  firfl 
cafe  they  all  agreed  that  if  a  General  Governor  were  fent,  we 
ought  not  to  accept  him,  but  defend  our  lawful  pofTeffions  (if 
we  were  able)  otherwife  to  avoid  or  protract.     For  the  matter 
of  the  crofs  they  were  divided,  and  fo  defered  it  to  another 
meeting. 

About  the  middle  of  this  month,  Mr.  Allerton's  pinnace 
came  from  the  French  about  Port  Royal ;  they  went  to  fetch 
the  two  men  which  had  been  carried  by^he  French  i$cm  Ma- 
chias,  and  to  demand  the  goods  taken.  But  Mr.  La  Tour 
made  them  anfwer,  that  he  took  them  as  lawful  prize,  and  that 
he  had  authority  from  the  King  of  France,  who  challenged  all 
from  Cape  Sable  to  Cape  Cod,  wilhing  them  to  take  notice 
and  to  certify  the  reft  of  the  Englifli  that  if  they  traded  to  the 
call  of  Peanaquid  he  would  make  prize  of  them,  Being  de- 
fired  : 


JOURNAL.  79 

fiied  to  ihcw  his  commiffion,  he  anfwered,  that  ,his  fword  was      1634- 
commiffion  fufficient  where  he  had  ftrength  fufficient  to  over-  u— -y—MJ 
come  ;  where  that  wanted  he  would  Ihew  his  commiffion.  Mo.  n. 

In  the  end  of  this  month  three  men  had  their  boat  frozen  up 
at  Bird's- Jfland,  as  they  were  coming  from  Deer-Ifland,  fo  a* 
they  were  compelled  to  lodge  there  all  night,  and  in  the  morn- 
ing they  came  over  the  ice  to  Noddle's-Ifland,  and  thence  to 
Molten's  point  in  Charleftown,  and  thence  over  the  ice  by 
Mr.  Hoffe's  to  Bofton.  At  the  fame  time  fix  others  were  kept 
a  week  at  the  Governor's  garden,  and  in  the  end  got  with 
their  boat  to  Mattahan  point ;  for  near  all  that  time  there  was 
no  open  place  between  the  garden  and  Bofton,  neither  was 
there  any  paiTage  at  Charleftown  for  two  or  three  days,  the 
wind  about  the  N.  W.  three  weeks  with  much  fnow  and  ex- 
treme froft. 

About  the  middle  of  this  month  a  promp  young  man,  fer-  Mo.  12. 
vant  to  Mr.  Bellingham,  pairing  over  the  ice  to  Winefemitt, 
fell  in  and  was  drowned.     Divers  others  fell  in  in  that  and  o- 
ther  places,  but  by  God's  providence  were  faved. 

Capt.Wiggin,  Governor  at  Pifcat.  under  the  Lords  Say  and  14 
Brook,  wrote  to  the  Governor,  defiring  to  have  two  men  tried 
here  who  had  committedfodomy  with  each  other,  and  that  on 
the  Lord's  day  in  time  of  public  exercife.  The  Governor  and 
divers  of  the  affiftants  met  and  confered  about  it,  but  did  not 
think  fit  to  try  them  here. 

A  general  court  at  Newtovvn,   Mr.  Hooker  preached,  and  Mo.  I.  4 
fhewed  the  three  great  evils. 

At  this  court  one  of  the  deputies  was  queftioned  for  denying 
the  magiftracy  among  us,  affirming  that  the  power  of  the  Go- 
vernor was  butminifterial,  £c.  and  had  alfo  much  oppofed  the 
magiflrates  and  ftigmatized  them,  and  ufed  many  weak  argu* 
ments  againft  the  negative  voice,  as  himfelf  acknowledged 
upon  record.  He  was  adjudged  by  all  the  court  to  be  difabled 
for  three  years  from  bearing  any  public  office. 

One  of  the  affiftants  was  called  to  the  lower  end  of  the  table 
to  anfwer  for  refufing  to  pay  towards  a  rate  made  by  the  court,  . 

and  was  fined  5!.  which  was  after  releafed. 

Mr.  Endicott  was  called  to  anfwer  for  defacing  the  crofs  in 
the  enfign,  but  becaufe  the  court  could  not  agree  about  the 
thing,  whether  the  enfign  fhould  be  laid  by,  in  regard  that 
many  refiifed  to  follow  them,  the  whole  caufe  was  deferred  till 
the  next  general  court,  and  the  commiffioners  for  military  af- 
fairs, gave  order  in  the  mean  time,  that  all  the  enftgns  mould 
be  laid  a  fide,  &c. 

At 


So  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP'i 

1635.          At  this  court  brafs  farthings  were  forbidden,  and  mtflket 
bullets  made  to  pals  for  farthings.     A  commiffioner  for  milita- 
ry affairs  was  eitablimed  who  had  power  of  life  and  limb,  &c, 
15  Two  of  the  elders  of  every  church  met  at  Sagus  and  fpent 

there  three  days.  The  occafion  was  that  divers  of  the  brethren 
of  that  church  not  liking  the  proceedings  of  the  paflor,  and 
withal  making  queftion  whither  they  were  a  church  or  not,  did 
feparate  from  church  communion.  The  pallor  and  other  bre- 
thren defired  the  advife  and  help  of  the  reft  of  the  churches, 
who  not  thinking  fit  to  judge  of  the  caufe  without  hearing  the 
other  fide,  offered  to  meet  at  Sagus  about  it.  Upon  this  the 
pallor,  &c.  required  the  feparate  members  to  deliver  their 
grievances  in  writing,  which  they  refufing  to  do,  the  pallor, 
&c,  wrote  to  ail  the  churches,  that  for  this  caufe  they  were 
purpcfed  to  proceed  againil  them  as  perfons  excommunicated, 
and  therefore  defired  them  to  (lay  their  journey,  &C.  This  leu 
ter  being  read  at  a  lecture  atBollon  (where  fome  of  the  elders 
of  every  church  were  prefent)  they  all  agreed,  with  confent  of 
their  churches,  to  go  prefently  to  Sagus  to  flay  this  hafty 
proceeding ;— accordingly  being  met,  and  both  parties  (after 
much  debate)  being  heard,  it  was  agreed,  that  they  were  a 
true  church,  tho  not  conftituted  at  firll  in  due  order,  yet  after 
confent  and  practice  of  a  church  eftate,  had  fupplied  that  de- 
fect, and  fo  all  were  reconciled. 

Mo.  2  Some  of  our  people  went  to  Cape  Cod  and  made  feme  oil 
of  a  whale  which  was  caft  on  fhore  :  There  were  three  or  four 
call  up  as  it  feems  there  is  almoll  every  year. 

2.6  -An  alarm  was  raifed  in  all  our  towns,  and  the   Governor 

and  affiflants  met  at  Befton,  and  Tent  forth  a  fhallop  to  Cape 
Anne,  to  difcover  what  (hips  were  there,  for  the  fiflierincn  had 
brought  in  word  to  Marblehead,  that  two  mips  had  been 
heaving  upon  the  coafl  all  the  day  ;  one  of  about  400  tons,  and 
the  other  350,  and  were  gone  in  to  Cape  Anne,  but  it  proved 
to  be  only  one  fliip  of  80  tons,  bound  for  Richman's  iflc,  and 
the  other  a  fmall  pinnace  of  10  tons. 

f  30  The  Governor  and  afliftants  fent  for  Mr.  Williams ;  the,  oc- 

cafion was  for  that  he  had  taught  publicly,  that  a  magiftrate 
ought  not  to  tendre  kn  oath  to  an  unregenerate  man,  for  that 
we  thereby  have  communion  with  a  wicked  man  in  the  worihip 
of  God,  and  caufe  him  to  take  the  name  of  God  in  vain.  He 
was  heard  before  all  the  miniiters,  and  very  clearly  confeiTed. 
Mr.  Endicott  was  at  firft  of  the  fame  opinion,  but  gave  place 
to  the  teacher. 

Mo.  3.    6      A  general  court  was  held  at  Newtown,.  when  John   Haynes 
Efq.  was  chofen  Governor,  Richard  Bellingham  Efq.  deputy 

Governor, 


j   6   tl   R   N   A   L.  tfi 

Governor,  and  Mr.  Hough  and  Mr.  Dummer  chofen  afliftants      1635. 
to  the  former  ;  and  Mr.  Ludlow  the  late  deputy  left  out  of  the  ^^^^^.j 
magistracy.     The  reafo a  was  partly  becaufe  the  people  woukl  Me.  3.    0 
exercife  their  abfol^ute  power,  and  partly  upon  fome  fpeeches  of 
the  deputy  who  proteiled  againlt  the  election  cf  the  Governor 
Nasvoid:  for  that  the  deputies  of  the  feveral  towns  had  agree.! 
upon  the  election  before  they  came.     But  this  was  general!/ 
diitrufted,  and  the  election  adjudged  good. 

Mr.  Endicott  was  alfo  left  out  and  called  in  quefiion  about 
the  defacing  the  crofs  in  the  enlign,  and  a  committee  was.cho- 
Ten,  viz.  every  town  Chofe  one  (which  yet  were  voted  by  all 
the  people)  and  the  magiitrates  chofe  four,  who  taking  the 
.  charge  to  confider  of  the  offence,  and  the  cenfure  due  to  it, 
and  to  certify  the  court,  after  one  or  two  hours  they  made  re- 
port to  the  court,  that  they  found  his  oifence  to  be  great,  viz. 
ram  and  without  difcretion,  taking  upc-  him  more  authority  than 
he  had,  and  not  feeking  advice  of  the  Court,  &c.--  unwarrant- 
able in  that  he,  judging  the  crofs  to  be  a  fin,  did  content  him* 
felftohave  reformed  it  at  Salem,  not  taking  care  that  other* 
might  be  brought  out  of  it  alfo  ;  laying  a  blemifti  alfo  upon  the 
reft  of  the  magistrates,  aa  if  they  would  fuffer  idolatry,  and 
giving  occafioa  to  the  ftate  of  England,  to  think  ill  of  us  ; — • 
for  which  they  adjudged  him  worthy  admonition  and  to  be  dif- 
abled  for  one  year  from  bearing  any  public  office  ;  declining; 
any  heavier  fentcnce,  becaufe  they  were  perfuaded  he  did  ic 
Out  of  tendernefs  of  confcience  and  not  of  any  evil  intent. 

Some  petitions  of  grievances  were  tendered  to  the  court  iri 
the  begining  of  it,  but  the  court  refufeci  to  hear  any,  or  to  med- 
dle in  any  caufes  but  making  freemen,  until  the  ebSionx -were 
patted.  The  Governor  and  deputy  were  elected  by  papers 
wherein  their  names  were  written,  but  the  afliftants  were  cho- 
fen  by  papers  without  names,  viz*  the  Governor  propounded 
one  to  the  people  when  they  all  went  out  and  came  ;u  at  one 
door,  and  every  man  delivered  a  paper  into  a  hat,— fuch  as 
gave  their  vote  for  the  party'  named,  gave  in  a  p*per  witli 
lome  figure  or  fcroll  in  it,  others  gave  in  a  blank.  The  new 
Governor  in  his  fpeech  to  the  peoole  declared  his  purpofe  to 
fpare  their  charge  towards  his  allowance  this  year,  partly  in, 
refpe&of  their  love  mewed  towards  him,  and  partly  Tor  that 
heobferved  how  much  the  people  had  been  prefied  lately  with 
public  charges,  which  the  poorer  fort  did  much  groan  u;  . 

A  petition  was    prcfered  by  many  of  Dorchefter   for  releaf- 


$2  GOVERNOR    WINTHROPS 

1635.     trates  and  deputies  were  now  cleared  with  full  fatisfadtion  to  all 
l— v— ~>  parties. 

Mo.  3.  The  matter  of  altering  the  crofs  in  tfce  enfign  was  refered 
to  the  next  meeting  (the  court  being  adjourned  three  weeks)  it 
being  propounded  to  turn  it  to  the  red  and  white  rofe,  and  e- 
very  man  was  to  deal  with  his  neighbours  to  ftill  their  minds, 
'  who  flood  fo  ftiff  for  the  crofs,  until  we  mould  fully  agree  about 
it,*  which  was  expected  becaufe  the  minifters  had  promifed  to 
take  prayers  about  it,  and  to  write  into  England  to  have  the 
judgement  of  the  moft  wife  and  godly  there. 

The  deputies  having  conceived  great  danger  to  our 
Hate,  in  regard  that  our  magiftrates,  for  want  of  pofitive 
laws,  in  many  cafes,  might  proceed  according  to  their  diicre- 
tions,  it  was  agreed  thai  fome  men  mould  be  appointed  to 
frame  a  body  of  grounds  of  laws,  in  refemblance  of  a  Magnet 
Chart  a,  which  being  allowed  by  fome  of  the  minifters,  and 
the  general  court  mould  be  received  for  fundamental  laws. 

At  this  general  court  fome  of  the  chief  of  Ipfvvich  defired 
leave  to  remove  to  Quafcacunquen  to  begin  a  town  there,  which 
was  granted  them,  and  it  was  named  Newberry.  AHb  Water- 
town  and  Roxbury  had  leave  to  remove  whither  they  pleafed 
fo  as  they  continued  under  this  government.  The  occafion  of 
their  defire  to  remove  was,  for  that  all  towns  in  the  Bay  be- 
gan to  be  much  Itraightened  by  their  own  nearnefs  to  one  a- 
nother,  and  their  cattle  being  fo  much  increafed. 
21  A  Dutch  fhip  of  160  tons  arrived  at  Marblehead,  Capt. 

Hurlfton  came  merchant.  She  came  from  Chriftopher  liland  ; 
flie  brought  140  tons  of  fait,  and  10,000  wt.  of  tobacco.  This 
Jfland  lies  in  i8q  and  is  about  30  miles  in  compafs ;  inhabited 
by  two  colonies,  one  F-nglifti  and  another  French.  There  is 
in  "it  about  4,000  perfons,  they  have  three  Englifli  churches,  but 
the  people  are  very  wicked  as  this  merchant  (who  dwelt  there 
five  years)  complained.  The  fait  is  made  with  the  fun  in  a 
watering  pan  half  a  mile  from  the  fea.  Their  rain  begins  in 
September  and  continues  till  February. 

Mo.  4.         There  Arrived  two  Dutch  mips  which  brought   27  Flanders 
mares  at  34!.  a  mare,  and  three  horfes, — 63  heifers   at   izl. 
the  leaft,  and  88  fheep  at  503.  the  iheep.     They  came  from 
the  Teilell  in  5  weeks  3  days,  and  loft  not  one  beaft  or  mcep. 
3         There  arrived  alfo  the  fame  day  the  James  a  fhip  of  300  tons 
with  cattle  and  paflengers  which  came  all  fafe  from  S.  Hamp- 
ton within  the  fame  time.     Mr.  Graves  was  mafter,  who    had 
7         come  every  year  for  thefe  feven  years.     The  Lord's  day  there 
came  in  feven  other  mips,  and  one  to  Salem,  and  four  more  to 

the 


JOURNAL.  §3 

the  mouth  of  the  bay  with  (lore  of  paffengers  and  cattle.  They       1635. 
came  all  within  fix  weeks.  v~— ->y    «J 

For  preventing  the  lofs  of  time  and  drunkenefs  which  fome  Mo.  4. 
times  happened,  by  peoples  running  to  the  (hips,  and  the  ex- 
cefiive  prices  of  commodities,  it  was  ordered  that  one  in  each 
town  fhould  buy  for  all,  and  mould  return  the  fame  within  20 
days  at  5  per  100,  if  any  came  to  buy  in  that  time.  But  this 
took  no  good  effect,  for  moft  of  the  people  would  not  buy  ex- 
cept they  might  buy  for  themfelves,  and  the  merchants  ap- 
pointed could  not  difburfe  fo  much  money,  and  the  feamen 
were  much  difcontented,  yet  fome  of  them  brought  their  goods 
on  fliore  and  fold  them  there. 

A  bark  of  40  tons  arrived  fet  forth  with  20  fervants  by  Sir  16 
Richard  Saltonflall  to  go  plant  at  Connecticut.  By  a  letter 
from  the  Lord  Say  and  report  of  divers  paflengers,  it  was 
certified  to  us,  that  Capt.  Mafon  and  others  the  adverfaries  of 
this  colony  had  built  a  great  fhip  to  fend  over  the  general  Go- 
vernor, &c.  which  being  launched  fell  afunder  in  the  midft. 
[t  appeared  like  wife  by  a  copy  of  a  petition  lent  over  to  us, 
that  they  had  divided  all  this  country  of  New-England,  viz. 
between  St.  Croix  in  the  Eait,  and  that  of  Lord  Baltimore 
called  Maryland,  into  twelve  provinces,  difpofed  to  twelve  in 
England,  who  mould  fend  each  ten  men  to  attend  the  general 
Governor  coming  over  ;  but  this  proved  not  effectual,  the  Lord 
fruftrated  their  defign. 

Two  carpenters  going  to  warn  themfelves  in  the  river  between 
Mount  Woollafton  and  WefTagafus,  where  carried  away  with 
the  tide  and  drov/ned. 

Mr.  Graves  in  ths  James,  and  Mr.  Hodges  in  the  Rebecca  June  24, 
fet  fail  for  the  Ifle  of  Sable  for  fea-horfe  which  are  there  in 
great  number,  and  wild  cows.  Mr.  JohnRofe  being  call  a- 
(hore  there  in  the  .  two  years  iince,  and  making  a  fmaU 
pinnace  of  the  wreck  of  his  (hip,  failed  thence  to  the  French 
upon  the  main,  being  30  leagues  off,  by  whom  he  was  detain- 
ed prifoner,  and  forced  to  pilot  them  to  the  I  (land  where  they 
had  great  flore  of  fea-horfe  and  cattle,  and  fome 

black  foxes,  and  they  left  17  men  upon  the  Ifland  to  inha'bit 
it.  The  Ifland  is  30  miles  long,  two  miles  broad  in  moil 
places,  a  meer  fand,  yet  full  of  frefli  water  ponds,  Sec.  He 
law  about  800  cattle  fmall  and  great,  all  red,  and  the  largefl 
he  ever  faw,  and  many  foxes,  whereof  fome  perfect  black, 
There  is  no  wood  upon  it,  but  flore  of  wild  peafe  and  flags  by 
the  ponds,  and  grafs.  In  the  middle  of  it  is  a  pond  of  fait 
water  ten  mile*  long,  full  of  plaice,  &c.  The 

company 


GOVERNOR   WINTHROP's 

oornpinr  which  went  now,  carried  iziandmen,  2  maftiffs,  a 
horfe  and  a  fhallop. 

They  returned  from  their  voyage.  They  found  there  upon 
Ifland  16  Frenchmen  who  had  wintered  there,  and  huilt  a, 
'  •  fort,  and  had  killed  fome  black  foxes ;  they  had  killed 
alfo  many  of  the  cattle,  fo  as  they  found  not  above  140,  and 
but  two  or  three  calves.  They  could  kill  but  5  fea-horfe  by 
rcafon  they  were  forced  to  travel  fo  far  in  the  fand  as  they  were 
too  weak  to  flick  ihem,  and  they  came  away  at  fuch  time  as 
they  ufed  to  go  up  heights,  to  eat  green  peafe.  The  winter 
there  is  very  cold,  and  the  fnow  above  knee  deep. 

o.  5.  8.  At  the  general  court  Mr.  Williams  of  Salem  was  fummon- 
ed  and  did  appear.  It  was  laid  to  his  charge,  that  being  un- 
der quellion  before  the  magiftracy  and  churches  for  divers  dan- 
gerous opinions,  viz.  i.  That  the  magiftrate  ought  not  to 
turnilh  the  breach  of  the  firft  table  ctherwife  than  in  fuch  cafes 
as  did  diflurb  the  civil  peace.  2.  That  he  ought  not  to  tendre 
an  oath  to  an  unregenerate  man.  3.  That  a  man  ought  not  to 
pray  with  fuch,  tho  wife,  children,  &c.  4.  That  a  man 
ought  not  to  give  thanks  after  the  facrament  nor  after  meat, 
&c.  and  that  the  other  churches  were  about  to  write  to  the 
church  cf  Salem  to  admonifh  him  of  thefe  errors ;  notwithftand- 
ing  the  church  had  fince  called  him  to  the  office  cf  a  teacher. 
Much  debate^wae  about  thefe  things.  The  faid  opinions  were 
adjudgecLby  all,  magiftrates  and  miniilers  (who  were  defired 
to  be  prefent)  to  be  erroneous  and  dangerous,  and  the  calling 
of  him  to  cfRce  at  that  time,  was  judged  a  great  contempt  of 
authority  :  So  in  fine  there  was  given  to  him  and  the  church  of 
Salem  to  confider  of  thefe  things  till  the  next  general  court,  & 
then  either  to  give  fatisfaclion  to  the  court,  or  elfe  to  expect  the 
Sentence.  It  being  profefiedly  declared  by  the  miniilers  (at  the 
requeft  of  the  court  to  give  their  advice)  that  he  who  mould 
obftinately  maintain  fuch  opinions  (whereby  the  church  might 
run  into  herefy,  apoftacy,  or  'tyranny,  and  yet  the  civil  ma- 
giftrate could  not  intermeddle)  were  to  be  removed,  and  that 
the  rthrr  churches  ought  to  requeft  the  magiftrates  fo  to  do. 

At  this  court  WefTagafcus  was  made  a  plantation,  and  Mr. 
IIa!I  ?  m.inifler  and  zi  families  with  him  allowed  to  lit  down 
there  :  after  called  Weymouth.  A  plantation  was  likewife  erect- 
ed ar  te?r  Cove,  after  called  Kingham. 

12  Mr.  Luxon' arrived  here  in  a  fmall  pinnace;  he    fiflied   at 

the  I  fie  of  Shoals  as  he  had  done  many  years,  and  returned  to 
fell  his  fifliat  market,  was  taken  in  foggy  weather  and  carried 
into  the  bay  of  Portroyal;  and  there  wrecked  upon  a  fmall 

Jfland 


JOURNAL.  85 

I/land  about         leagues  from  the  main  ;  fo  he  built  a  pinnace 
and  came  hither  in  her. 

Salem  men  had  preferred  a  petition  at  the  laft  general  court 
for  fome  land  on  Marbi»head  Neck,  which  they  did  challenge 
as  belonging  to  their  town,  but  becaufe  they  had  chofen  Mr. 
Williams  their  teacher  while  he  flood  under  queftion  of  authori- 
ty, and  fo  offered  contempt  to  the  magiftrates,  &c.  their  peti- 
tion was  refufed  till,  &c.  Upon  this  the  church  cf  Salem 
wrote  toother  churches  to  admonifii  the  magiftrates  of  this  as  a 
heineous  fin,  and  likevvife  the  deputies  ;  for  which  at  the  next 
general  court  their  deputies  were  not  received  until  they  mould 
give  fatisfa&ion  about  the  letter. 

The  wind  having  blown  hard  at  S.  S.  W.  a  week  before,  a-  Mo. 6.15,. 
boUt  midnight  it  came  up  at  N.  E.  and  blew  with  fuch  violence 
v/ith  abundance  of  rain,  that  it  blew  down  many  hundreds  of 
trees,  overthrew  fome  houfes,  drove  the  ihips  from  their  an- 
chors. The  Great  Hope  of  Ipfwich  being,  about  400  tons,  was 
driven  on  ground  at  Mr.  Hoffe's  point,  and  brought  back  a- 
gain  prefently  by  a  N.  W.  wind,  and  came  on  more  at  Charlef- 
town.  About  8  o'clock  the  wind  came  about  to  N.  W.  very 
itrong,and  it  being  then  about  high  water,  by  nine  the  tide  was 
fallen  about  three  feet,  then  it  began  to  flow  again  about  one 
hour,  and  arofe  about  two  or  three  feet,  which  was  conceived  to 
be  that  the  fea  was  grown  fo  high  with  the  N.  E.  wind,  that 
meeting  with  the  cbbe,  it  forced  it  back  again.  In  this  tem- 
peft  the  James  of  Briftol,  having  ico  paflengers,  honeft  peo- 
ple of  Yorklhire,  being  put  into  the  lile  cf  Shoals,  loft  there 
three  anchors,  and  fetting  fail  no  canvafs  nor  ropes  would  hold, 
but  me  was  driven  within  a  cables  length  of  the  rocks  of  Pifcat. 
when  fuddenly  the  wind  coming  to  N.  W.  put  them  back  to 
the  Ifle  of  Shoals,  and  being  there  ready  to  ftrike  upon  the 
rocks,  they  cut  out  a  piece  of  their  mainfail,  and  weathered 
the  rocks.  In  the  fame  tempeft  a  bark  of  Mr.  All er ton's  was 
caft  away  upon  Cape  Anne,  and  2 1  perfons  drowned  ;  among 
the  reft  one  Mr.  Anvey,  aminifterin  Wiltfhire  a  Godly  man, 
with  his  wife  and  fix  fmall  children  were  drowned.  None  were 
faved  but  one  Mr.  Thatcher  and  his  wife  who  \vere  caft  on 
more  and  preferved  by  a  powder  horn  and  a  bag  with  a  flint, 
and  a  goat  and  a  cheefe  caft  on  more  after  them,  and  a  trufs  of 
bedding  and  fome  other  neceffaries :  aad  the  third  day  after  a 
lhallop  came  thither  to  look  for  another  fhallop  which  was 
miffing  in  the  ftorm,  andfo  they  were  preferved  : — So  as  diets 
did  appear  a  miraculous  providence  in  their  prefer vation. 
The  general  court  gave  Mr.  Thatcher  £26:  13:  4:  towards 
Jjis  lofTes,  and  divers  good  people  gave  him  bcfides.  The 

nun 


86T  GOVERNOR   WINTHROP'i 

1635.      man  was  caft  on  more  when  he  had  been   (as  he  fuppofed)   a 

i..  -y— IMj  quarter  of  an  hour  beaten  up  and  down  by  the  waves,  not  be- 

Mo.  6.     ing  able  to  fwim  one  ilroke,  and  his  wife  fitting  in  the  fcuttle 

of  the  bark,  the  deck  was  broke  off  and  brought  on  fhore  as 

fhe  fluck  in  it.     One  of  the  children  was  then  caft  dead  on 

fhore,  and  the  reft  never  found. 

At  this  time  a  French  .{hip  came  with  commiffion  from  the 
King  of  France  (as  they  pretended)  and  took  Penobfcott  a  PH- 
mouth  trading  houfe,  and  fent  away  the  men  which  were  in  it, 
i,  but  kept  their  goods  and  gave  them  bills  for  them,  and  bade 
them  tell  all  the  plantations  as  fa"r  as  40°  that  they  would  come 
with  8  mips  next  year  and  difplant  them  all.  But  by  a  letter 
which  the  Capt.  wrote  to  the  governor  of  Plimouth,  it  appear- 
ed they  had  commiffion  from  Monf.  Rofelle  commander  of  the 
fort  near  Cape  Breton,  called  la  Havre,  to  difplant  the  En- 
glim  as  far  as  Pemaquid,  and  by  it  they  profeffed  all  coutrefy 
to  us  here. 

Mr.  Williams  paftor  of  Salem  being  lick  and  not  able  to 
fpeak,  wrote  to  his  church  a  protection  that  he  could  not 
communicate  with  the  churches  in  the  Bay,  neither  would  he 
communicate  with  them  except  they  would  firft  refufe  commu- 
nication with  the  reft,  but  the  whole  church  was  much  grieved 
herewith. 

The  Dorchefter  men  being  fet  dow  at  Connecticut  near  the 
Plimouth  trading  houfe,  the  Governor,  Mr.  Bradford  wrote 
to  them,  complaining  of  it  as  an  injury  in  regard  of  their  pof- 
fcflion  and  purchafe  of  the  Indians  whofe  right  it  was,  and  the 
Dutch  fent  home  into  Holland  for  commiffion  to4  deal  with; our 
People  at  Connecticut. 

Sfpt.  i.  At  this  general  court  was  the  firft  grand  jury,  who  prefented 
above  100  offences,  and  among  others,  fome  of  the  magif- 
trates.  At  this  court  Mr.  Endicottmade  a  proteftation  in  juf- 
tification  of  the  letter  formerly  fent  from  Salem  to  the  other 
churches  againft  the  magiftrates  and  deputies,  for  which  he 
was  committed,  bat  the  fame  day  he  came  and  acknowledged 
his  fault  and  was  difcharged. 

Divers  lewd  feavants  (viz.  fix)  ran  away  and  ftole  a  fldfr* 
and  other  things.  A  commiffion  was  granted  at  the  general 
court  to  Capt.  Tralk  to  fetch  them  and  other  fuch  from  the 
Eaftward.  He  purfued  them  to  the  Ifle  of  Shoals,  and  fo  to 
Pifcat.  where,  in  the  night  he  furprifed  them  in  a  houfe,  and 
brought  them  to  Bofton.  At  next  court  they  were  feverely 
whipped,  and  ordered  to  pay  all  charges.  At  this  court 
there  was  granted  to  Mr.  Buckly  and  Merchant,  and  about  1 2 
more  families  to  begin  a  town  at  Mulketaquid  for  which  they 

were 


JOURNAL. 

were  allowed  fix  miles  upon  the  river  and  to  be  free  from  pub- 
lic charges  three  years,  and  it  was  named  Concord.  A  town 
was  alfo  began  above  the  falls  of  Charle's  river. 

At  the  Dutch  plantation  this  fummer  a  ihip's  long  boat  was 
overfet  with  a  gull,  and  five  men  in  her  who  got  upon  the 
keel  and  were  driven  to  fea  four  days,  in  which  time  three  of 
them  dropt  off  and  were  drowned  5  and  the  5th  day  the  4th 
being  fore  beaten  and  parched  with  hunger  and  third,  wilfully- 
fell  off  and  was  drowned.  Soon  after  the  wind  came  up  at  S.  E, 
and  carried  the  boat  with  the  5th  man  to  the  Long-Ifland,  and 
being  only  able  to  creep  on  more,  he  was  found  by  the  Indians 
andpreferved.  He  was  grown  very  poor  and  almoft  fenfelefs 
with  hunger  and  watching,  and  would  fay  that  he  faw  fuch  and 
fuch  come  to  give  him  meat,  &c. 

The  Plimouth  men  had  hired  the  Great  Hope  to  go  to  dif- 
plant  the  French  and  regain  their  pofteflion  at  Penobfcott.  The 
matter  Mr.  Grig  was  to  have  for  it  200! .  they  fent  her  back 
with  him  and  about  20  men,  but  when  they  came  they  found 
the  French  had  notice,  and  had  fo  flrongly  entrenched  them- 
felves,  (being  18)  as  having  fpent  near  all  their  powder  and 
fhot,  the  bark  left  the  fhip  there,  and  came  here  to  advife  with 
us  what  furthor  to  do  ;  for  they  had  lately  loft  another  bark 
laden  with  corn,  and  could  not  fpare  this  to  fend  back  again. 
The  general  court  being  affembled,  agreed  to  aid  them  with 
jnen  and  ammunition,  and  therefore  wrote  to  them  to  fend 
one  with  commiifion  to  treat  with  us  about  it,  refolving  to  drive 
them  out  whatfoever  it  fliould  coft  (yet  firfl  to  put  them  to  bear 
the  charge  if  it  might  be)  for  we  faw  that  their  neighbourhood  • 
would  be  very  dangerous  to  us. — The  next  week  they  fent  Mr. 

Pierce  and  Capt.  S to  us  with  commiffion  to  treat.  Four 

of  the  commiifioners  gave  them  a  meeting  which  grew  to  this 
iflue  ;  that  they  refufed  to  deal  further  in  it  othervvife  than  as 
a  common  caufe  of  the  whole  country,  and  fo  to '  contribute 
their  part.  We  refufed  to  deal  in  it  otherwife  than  as  their 
aid,  and  fo  at  their  charge,  for  indeed  we  had  no  money  in  the 
treafury,  neither  could  we  get  provifion  of  victuals  on  the  fud- 
den  for  loomen  which  were  to  be  employed,  fo  we  defered 
all  to  further  counfel . 

Two  fnallops  going  laden  with  goods  to  Connecticut,  were    Mo.  8  6 
taken  in  the  night  with  an  Eafterly  ftorm,  and  caft  away  up- 
on Brown's  Lfland,  near  the  Gurnett's  nofe,  and  the  men  all 
drowned. 

Here  arrived  two  great  mips  the  Defence  and  the  Abigail, 
with  Mr.  Wilfon  paftor  of  Boilon,  and  Mr.  Shepard,  Mr. 
Jones  and  other  minifters,  Ampngft  others  Mr.  Peters  paftor 

of 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'j 

of  the  Englifa  church  in  Rotterdam,  who  being  perfecuted  by 
the  Engliih  ambaflador  who  would  have  brought  hia  and  other 
Mo.  8.  churches  to  the  Engliih  difcipline  ;  and  not  having  had  hi* 
he.-ihh  th^je  many  years,  intended  to  advife  with  the  miniflsrs 
here  about  his  removal. 

There  came  alfo  John  Winthrop  the  younger  with  commiHi- 
on  from  the  Lord  Say,  Lord  Brook  and  divers  ovh<?r  great  per- 
fons  in  England  to  begin  a  plantation  at  Connecticut,  and  to 
be  Governor  there  ;  they  fent  alfo  men  and  ammunition  and 
2,oool.  in  money  to  begin  a  fortification  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river.  Inhere  came  alio  one  Mr.  Henry  Vane,  fon  and  heir 
,  to  Sir  Kcnry  Vane  comptroller  of  the  King's  houfe,  who  being 

a  young  gentleman  of  excellent  parts,  and  had  been  employ- 
ed by  his  father  (when  he  was  ambailador)  in  foreign  affairs, 
yet  being  called  to  the  obedience  of  the  goipel,  he  forfook  the 
honours  and  preferm  nts  of  the  court  to  enjoy  the  ordinances 
of  Ciiriil  in  their  purity  here.  His  father  beipg  very  averfe  to 
this  way  (as  no  way  favouring  the  power  of  religion)  would 
hardly  have  confented  to  his  coming  hither,  but  acquainting 
the  King  with  his  fon's  difpofition  and  defire,  he  commanded 
him  to  lend  him  hither,  and  gave  him  licence  for  three  years 
Hay  here. 

The  fpecial  providence  of  the  Lord  appeared  in  this,  that 
the  paffengers  camefafe  and  hale  in  all  mips,  tho  fomeof  them 
long  pafiages,  the  Abigail  ten  weeks  from  "limouth  with  220 
perfons  and  many  cattle,  infected  alfo  with  the  imall  pox,  yet/ 
&c. 

This  noble  gentleman  having  order  from  the  faid  Lords  and 
others,  treated  with  the  rnagiftrates  here  and  thofe  who  were  to 
go  to  Connecticut,  about  the  laid  defign  of  the  Lords,  to  this 
iifue,  that  either  the  three  towns  gone  thither  mould  give  place 
upon  full  fatisfadion,  or  elfe  fufiicient  room  muft  be  found 
there  for  the  Lords  and  their  companies,  &c.  or  elfe  they 
would  divert  their  thoughts  and  preparations  fome  other  ways. 
Novf  i.  Mr.  Vane  was  admitted  a  member  of  the  church  of  Bofton* 
At  the  general  court  Mr.  Williams  the  teacher  of  Salem  was 
again  convented,  and  all  the  Minifters  in  the  bay  being  dcfir- 
ed  to  be  prefent,  he  was  charged  with  the  faid  two  letters,  that 
to  the  churches  complaining  of  the  magiitrates  for  injuftice,  I 
extreme  oppreffion,  &c.  and  the  other  to  his  own  church  to  pur- 
fuade  them  to  renounce  communion  with  all  the  churches  in  the 
bay,  as  full  of  antichrift,  polution,  &c.  He  juftified  both 
thefe  letters,  and  maintained  all  his  opinions,  and  being  offer- 
ed further  conference  or  deputation  and  a  months  refpite,  he 
chofe  to  difpute  prcfently  ;  fo  Mr.  Hooker  was  appointed  to» 

d;fpu*.e 


JOURNAL,  89 

clifpute  with  him,  but  could  not  reduce  him  from  any  of  his      1635. 
trrors,  fo  the  next  morning  'he  court  fentenced  him  to  depart  \-     -,-••< 
out  of  our  jurifdidion  within  fix  weeks  ;  all  the  minifters  fave     Mo.  4. 
one,  approving  the  fentence,  and  his  own  church  had  him  un- 
der queftion  alib  for  the  fame  caufe,  and  he,  at  his  return  home, 
refufed  communion  with  his  own  church,  who  openly  difclairc- 
cd  his  errors,  and  wrote  an  humble  fubmiffion   to  the  magif- 
trates,  acknowledging  their  fault  in  joining  with   Mr.  Willi- 
ams in  that  letter  to  the  churches  againft  them,  &c.  8ber  i< 

About  60  men  women  and  little  children  went  by  land  to- 
wards Connecticut  with  their  cows,  heifers  and  fwine,  and  af- 
ter a  tedious  and  difficult  journey,  arrived  fafe  there. 

The  Pinnace  which  Sir  Richard  Saltonftall  fcnt  to  take  pof- 
feflion  of  a  great  quantity  of  land  at  Connecticut  was,    in  her 
return  to  England,  caft  away  upon  the  Ifle  Sable  ;  the  men  were 
kindly  entertained  by.  the  French   there,  and    had     paflage  to 
la  Havre,  fome  20  leagues  of  eaft  of  Cape  Sable,  where  Mon. 
commander  of  Rofelle,  was  Governor,    who  entertained  them 
very  courteoUily,  and  furniihed  them  with  a  fhallop  to  return 
to  us,  and  gave  four  of  their  company  paffage  into  France,  but 
made  them  pay  deaf  for  their  fhallop,  and  in  their  return  they 
put  into  Penobfcot,  at  fuch  time  as  Girlings  fliip  lay  there,  fo 
that  they  were  kept  prifoners  there  till  the  ihip  was  gone,  and 
then  fent  to  us  with  a  courteous  letter  to  our  Governor*     A  lit- 
tle before,  our  Governor  had  written  to  him    (viz.  Monf.  D* 
Aulnay)  to  fend  them  home  to  us,  but  they  were  come  before. 
It  is  ufeful  to  obferve,  as  we  go  along,  fuch  fpecial  providen- 
ces cf  God,  as  were  manifeiled  for  the  good  of  thefe  planta- 
tions. -**Mr.  Window  the  late  Governor  of  Plimouth,  being 
this  year  in  England,  petitioned  the  council  there  for  a  com- 
miffion  to  withftand  the  intrufions  of  the  French  and  Dutch, 
which  was  likely  to  take  erfecl:  (though  undertaken  by   ill  ad- 
vice, for  fuch  precedents  might  endanger  our  liberties,    that 
we  ihould  do  nothing  hereafter  but  by  commiiilon  out  of  Eng- 
land) but  the  Archbifhop  being  ineenfed  againit  him.  as  sgainit 
all  thefe  plantations,  informed  the  reft  that  he  was  a  feparatiit, 
Sec.  and  that  he  did  marry,  &c.  and  thereupon  got  him  com- 
mitted ;  but  after  fome  few  months  he  petitioned  the  board  and 
was  difcharged. 

Another  providence  was  in  the  voyage  of  Mr.  Winthrop  the 
younger,  and  Mr.  Wilibninto  England,  who  returning  in  the 
winter  time,  in  a  fmall  and  weak  ihip,  bound  for  Bar'nftable, 
were  driven  by  foul  weather  upon  the  coait  of  Ireland,  nor 
known  by  any  in  the  fhip,  and  were  bcought  through  many  c-'l- 
perate  dangers  into  Galloway,  where  they  parted,  Mr. 

M 


90  GOVERNOR   WINTHROP'S 

1635.  throp  taking  his  journey  over  land  to  Dublin,  and  Mr.  Wilfon 
*i_  — r — i  _J  by  lea,  and  being  come  within  fight  of  Lundy,  in  the 
mouth  of  Severn,  they  were  forced  back  by  tempeil  to  Kinfale, 
where  feme  imps  periftied  in  their  view.  Mr.  Wilfon  being ia 
Ireland,  gave  much  fatisfa&ion  to  the  chriltians  there  about 
N.  England.  Mr.  Winthrop  went  to  Dublin  and  from  thence 
to  Antrim  in  the  North,  and  came  to  the  houfe  of  one  Sir  John 
Clatworth,  the  evening  before  the  day  when  divers  godly  per- 
fons  were  appointed  to  meet  at  his  houfe,  to  confer  about  their 
voyage  to  N.  England,  by  whom  they  were  thoroughly  inform- 
ed of  all  tilings,  and  received  great  encouragement  to  proceed 
on  their  intended  courfe.  From  thence  he  patted  over  into 
Scotland,  and  io  through  the  North  of  England,  and  all  the 
xv  ay  he  met  with  perfons  of  quality  whofe  thought*  were  to- 
wards N.  England,  .who  obfervcd  his  coming  among  them  as 
?pber  3  a  fpeeial  providence  of  God. 

At  the  court  of  aiMants  John  Pratt  of  Newtown  was  quefli- 
oned  about  the  letter  he  wrote  into  England,  wherein  he  af- 
firmed divers  things  which  were  untrue  and  of  ill  report,  for  the 
ilate  of  the  country,  as  there  was  nothigg  but  rocks  and  fands 
and  fait  mar  me  s,  &c.  He  defired  refpite  for  his  anfwer  to  the 
next  morning,  then  he  gave  it  in  writing,  in  which,  by  ma- 
king his  own  interpretation  of  fome  paflages,  and  acknowledg- 
ing his  error  in  others,  he  gave  fatisfaftion.  This  was  deliver- 
ed in  urtdcr  his  own  hand  and  the  hands  of  Mr.  Hooker  and 
fome  other  of  the  miniilers,  and  latisfaclion  acknowledged 
under  the  hands  of  the  magiftrates. 

Mr.  Winthrop  the  Governor,  appointed  by  the  Lords   for 
Connecticut,  fent  a  bark  of  30  tons  and   about  twenty  men, 
with  all  needful  provifions   to  take  poffeffion  of  the  mouth  of 
9         Connecticut,  and  to  begin  fome  building. 

About  this  time  an  open  pinnace  returning  from  Connecticut 

was  caft  away  in  Manemett  bay,  but  all  the  men    (being  fix) 

were  faved  and  came  to  Plimouth,  after  they  had  wandered  10 

days  in  extreme  cold  and  deep  fnow,  not  meeting  with  any 

26         Indian  or  other  perfon. 

There  came  twelve  men  from  Connecticut,  they  had  been 
ten  days  upon  their  journey  and  had  loft  one  of  their  company 
drowned  in  the  ice  by  the  way,  and  had  been  all  ftarved.  but 
thnt  by  God's  grovidence  they  lighted  up'on  an  Indian  wig- 
wam. Connecticut  river  was  frozen  up  the  1 5th  of  this  month. 

Mr.  Hugh  Peters  preaching  at  Boilon  and  Salem,  moved 
thf^country  to  raife  a  {lock  for  timing,  as  the  only  probable 
means  to  favc  us  from  that  opprdiion  which  the  ieamen  and 
others  held  us  under. 

Here 


JOURNAL. 

Here  arrived  a  fmall  bark  of  25  tons  fent  by  the  Lords  Say, 
£c.  with  one  Gardiner  an  expert  engineer  or  work  bafe  and 
proviiions  of  all  forts  to  begin  a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  Connec- 
ticut. She  came  through  many  great  tempeiis,  yet  through  the 
Lord's  great  providence,  her  paiieiigers  and  goods  all  iafe.Mr. 
Winthrop  had  fent  four  days  before,  :t.  b.;uL  with  carpenters 
ar. d other  workman  to  take  poffciuon  of"  the  place  (fpr  the 
Dutch  intended  to  take  it)  and  to  raife  Tome  buildings. 

A  great  (hallop  coming  from  Piicat.  in  a  N.  E.  wind  with 
fnow,  loft  her  way  and  was  forced  into  Anafquam,  and  going 
out  with  a  N.  W.  wind,  thro  the  unlkilfulnefa  of  the  men, 
was  caft  upon  the  rocks  and  loft  lool.  worth  of  goods. 

A  fhallop  of  William  Lovell,  laden  with  goods  to  Salem, 
worth  lool.  was  by  foul  weather  put  into  Plimcuth,  and  co- 
ming out,  the  men  went  aboard  a  fmall  bark  by  the  way,  and 
their  mallop  brake  loofe  and  was  loft,  and  about  two  months 
after  was  found  abrwit  Nawfet,  not  much  hurt,  and  the  goods 
were  moft  of  them  faved  by  fome  Plimouth.  men,  who  had  no- 
tice of  it  by  the  Indians. 

The  (hip  Rebecca,  about  60  tons,  came  from  Conn efli cut  lober  to 
and  brought  in  her  about  fevemy  men  and  women,  which  came 
down  to  the  river's  mouth  to  meet  the  barks  which  fiiould  have 
brought  their  provifions,  but  not  meeting  them  they  went  a- 
board  the  Rebecca,  which  two  days  before  was  frozen  20  miles 
up  the  river,  but  a  fmall  rain  falling,  let  her  free  :  but  coming 
out  me  ran  on  ground  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  and  was  forced 
to  unlade.  They  came  to  MafTachufetts  in  five  days,  which 
was  a  great  mercy  of  God,  for  other-wife  they  had  all  peril; 
with  famine,  as  fome  did.  While  the  Rebecca  lay  there  the 
Dutch  fent  a  fhip  to  take  poflefiion  of  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
but  our  men  got  two  pieces  on  more  and  would  not  faffer  them 
to  land. 

The  zd  and  3d  of  this  month  fell  a  fnow  about  knee  deep 
with  much  wind  from  the  N.  and  N.  E. 

Mr.  Norton,  a  Godly  man  and  a  preacher  in  England,  com- 
ing with  his  family  to  the  Malfachufetts,  the  fhip  wherein  he 
was,  was  by  contrary  winds,  put  into  Plimouth,  where  he 
continued  preaching-  to  them  all  the  winter,  and  altho  Mr. 
Smith  their  paftor  gave  over  his  place  that  he  might  have  it, 
and  the  church  ufed  him  with  all  refpect,  and  large  offers,  &c. 
yet  he  left  them  and  came  to  MalTachufeus,  aliedging  that  his 
fpirit  could  notclofe  with  them,  &c. 

The  Governor  and  affiftants  met  at  Bofton  to  conftder  about     n  Mo. 
Mr.  Williams,  for    that  they   were  credibly  informed,    that       Jan. 
fcotwuhftaodjng  the  injunction  laid  upon  him  (upc-n  ihe  liberty 

granted 


9»  GOVERNOR   WINTHROP's 

1635,  granted  him  to  Hay  till  the  fpring)  not  to  go  about  to  draw 
U.  my.  ,j  others  to  his  opinions,  did  uie  to  entertain  company  in  his 
Mo.  1 1  houie,  and  to  preach  to  them  even  of  fuch  points  as  he  had 
been  cenfured  for,  and  it  was  agreed  to  fend  him  into  England 
by  a  (hip  then  ready  to  depart. The  reafon  was  becaufe  he  had 
drawn  above  twenty  perfons  to  his  opinion,  and  they  were  in- 
tended to  erect  a  plantation  about  the  Naraganfett  Bay,  frc.ii 
whence  the  infection  would  eafily  fpread  into  thefe  churches 
(the  people  being  many  of  them  much  taken  with  the  appre- 
henfion  of  his  gocllinels)  whereupon  a  warrant  was  fent  to  him 
to  come  prefer -tly  to  Bofton,  to  befhipped,  &c.  He  returned 
anfwer  (and  divers  of  Salem  came  with  it)  that  he  could 
not  come  without  hazard  of  his  life,  &c.  whereupon  a  pinnace 
was  fent  with  commifiion  to  Capt.  Underbill,  &c.  to  apprehend 
him,  and  carry  him  aboard  the  ihip,  which  then  rode  at  Na- 
tafcctt,  but  when  they  came  at  his  houfe,  they  found  he  had 
been  gone  three  days  before,  but  whither  they  could  not  learn. 
He  had  fo  far  prevailed  at  Salem,  as  many  there  (efpecially 
of  devout  women)  did  embrace  his  opinions  and  feparated  from 
the  churches  for  this  caufe,  that  fome  of  their  members  going 
into  England  did  hear  the  minifters  there,  and  when  they  camR 
home  the  churches  here  held  communion  with  them. 

This  month  one  went  bv  land  to  Connecticut  and  returned 
fafe. 

Mr.  Hugh  Peters  went  from  place  to  place  labouring  both 
publicly  and  privately,  to  raife  up  men  to  a  public  frame  of 
fpirit,  and  fo  prevailed  as  he  procured  a  good  fum  of  money 
to  be  raifed  to  fet  on  foot  the  fifhing  bufmefs,  to  the  value  of 
and  wrote  into  England  to  raife  as  much  more.  The 
intent  was  to  fet  up  a  magazine  of  all  provifions  and  other  ne- 
ceiferies  for  fifhing,  that  men  might  have  things  at  hand  and 
for  reafonable  prices,  whereas  now  the  merchants  and  feamen 
took  advantage  to  fell  at  moil  exceffive  rates,  (in  many  things 
two  for  one). 

Mr.  Batchelor  of  Sagus  was  convented  before  the  magif- 
trates.  The  caufe  was, — for  that  coming  out  of  England 
with  a  fmall  body  of  fix  or  feven  perfons,  and  having  fince  re- 
ceived in  many  more  at  Sagus,  and  contention  growing  be- 
tween him  and  the  greateft  part  of  his  church,  who  had  with 
the  reft,  received  him  for  their  paftor,  he  defired  difmiffiom  for 
himfelf  and  his  firfi  members  which  being  granted  upon  fuppo- 
£tion  that  he  would  leave  the  town,  (as  he  had  given  out)  he 
xvith  the  faid  fix  or  feven  perfons  prefently  removed  their  old 
covert,  intending  to  raife  another  church  in  Sagus,  whereat 
the  reft  and  chief  of  the  town  being  offended,  for  that  it  would 

crofs 


J    O    U    R    N    A    L.  9, 

arofs  their  intentions  of  calling  Mr.  Peters  or  feme   other  mi-       1^3  $• 
nifter,  they  complained  to  the  magiftrates  who  forefeeing  the  «    —  r-  _• 
diffraction  which  was  like  to  come  by  this  courfe,  had  forbid-     Mo.  n 
den  him  to  proceed  in  any  fuch   church  until  the   caufe  were 
confidered  by  other  minifters,  &c.     But  he  refufed  to  defift, — 
whereupon  they  fent  for  him,  and  upon  his  delay  day  after  day 
themarftiall  was  fent  to  fetch  him.     Upon  his  appearance  and 
fubmiffion  and  promife  to  remove  cut  of  the  town  within   three 
months,  he  was  difcharged. 

Mr.  Vane  and  Mr.  Peters  finding  fome  diftradtion  in  th« 
Commonwealth,  arifing  from  fome  difference  in  judgment, 
and  withal  fome  alienation  of  affection  among  the  magiilrates 
and  fome  other  perfon  of  quality,  and  that  hereby  factions  be- 
gan to  grow  among  the  people,  fome  adhering  more  to  the  old 
Governor  Mr.  Winthrop,  and  others  to  the  late  Governor  Mr. 
Dudley;  the  former  carrying  matters  with  more  lenity  and  the 
latter  with  more  feverity,  they  procured  a  meeting  at  Bofton 
of  the  Governor,  deputy,  Mr.  Cotton.  Mr.  Hooker,  Mr. 
Wilfon,  and  there  was  prefent  Mr.  Winthrop,  Mr.  Dudley  and 
themfelves, — where  after  the  Lord  had  been  fought,  Mr.  Vane 
declared  the  occafion  of  this  meeting  (as  it  is  before  noted)  and 
the  fruit  aimed  at,  viz.  a  more  firm  and  friendly  uniting  of 
aninds,  and  efpecially  of  the  faid  Mr.  Dudley  and  Mr.  Win- 
throp, as  thofe  upon  whom  the  weight  of  the  affairs  did  lie, 
&c.  and  therefore  defired  all  prefent  to  take  up  refolution  to 
deal  freely  and  openly  with  the  parties,  and  the/  each  with 
other,  that  nothing  might  be  left  in  their  breafls  which  might 
break  out  to  any  jar  or  difference  hereafter  (which  they  pro- 
mifed  to  do,  Then  Mr.  Winthrop  fpake  to  this  effect, — That 
when  it  pleafed  Mr.  Vane  to  acquaint  him  with  what  he  had 
obferved,  of  the  difpofitions  of  mens  minds  inclining  to  the 
faid  faction,  &c.  it  was  very  ftrange  to  him,  profeffing  fo- 
lemnly  that  he  knew  not  of  any  breach  between  his  brother 
Dudley  and  himfelf  fmce  they  were  reconciled  long  fince,  nei- 
ther did  he  fufpect  any  alienation  of  affection  in  him  or  others, 
from  himfelf,  fave  that  of  late  he  had  obferved  that  fome  new 
comers  had  eftranged  themfelves  from  him  fince  they  went  to 
dwell  at  Newtown,  and  fo  defired  all  the  the  company  that  if 
they  had  feen  any  thing  amifs  in  his  government  or  otherwife, 
they  would  deal  freely  and  faithfully  with  him,  and  for  his  part 
he  promifed  to  take  it  in  good  part,  and  would  endeavour  by 
God's  grace  to  amend  in  it.  Theft  Mr.  Dudley  fpake  to 
this  effect, — That  for  his  part  he  came  thither  a  mere  patient, 
not  with  any  intent  to  charge  his  brother  Winthrop  with  any 
thing,  for  UIQ  there  had  been  formerly  fome  differences  and 

breaches 


94  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1635.  breaches  between  them,  yet  they  had  been  healed,  and  for  his 
*  T  -  .  /  part  he  was  not  willing  te  renew  them  again,  and  fo  left  it  to 
Mo.  1 1 ,  others  to  utter  their  own  complaint, — Whereupon  the  Gover- 
nor Mr.  Haynes  fpake  to  this  effect,-— That  Mr.  Winthrop 
and  himfelf  had  always  been  in  good  terms,  therefore  he  was 
loth  to  give  any  offence  to  him,  and  he  hoped  that  confidering 
what  the  end  of  this  meeting  was,  he  would  take  it  in  good 
part  if  he  did  deal  openly  and  freely,  as  his  manner  ever  was. 
Then  he  fpake  of  one  or  two  paflages  wherein  he  conceived 
that  he  had  dealt  too  remifsly  in  point  of  jufrice  ;  to  which 
Mr.  Winthropanfwered,  that  his  fpeeches  and  carriage  had 
been  in  part  miftaken,  but  withal  profeffed  that  it  was  his  judg- 
ment,— that  in  the  infancy  of  plantations  juftice  ftiould  be  ad- 
minirtered  with  more  lenity  than  in  a  fettled  ftate,  becaufe  peo- 
ple were  then  more  apt  to  tranfgrefs,  partly  of  ignorance  of 
new  laws  and  orders,  partly  through  oppreffionof  bufmefs  and 
other  flreights,  but  if  it  might  be  made  clear  that  it  was  an  er- 
ror, he  would  be  ready  to  take  up  a  ftricler  courfe.  Then  the 
minifters  were  delired  to  confider  of  the  quefticn  by  the  next 
morning,  and  to  fet  down  a  rule  in  the  cafe.  The  next 
morning  they  delivered  their  feveral  reafons  which  all  ferved  to 
this  conclufion,  that  Uriel  difcipline  both  in  criminal  offences 
and  in  martial  affairs,  was  more  needful  in  plantations  than  in 
a  fettled  ftate,  as  tending  to  the  honor  and  fafety  of  the  goi- 
pel.  Whereupon  Mr.  Winthrop  acknowledged  that  he  was 
convinced  that  he  had  failed  in  over  much  lenity  and  remiff- 
nefs,  and  would  endeavour  (by  God's  affiftance)  to  take  a  more 
ftrid  courfe  hereafter,  whereupon  there  was  a  renewal  of  love 
amongft  them,  and  articles  drawn  to  this  effect. 

1.  That  there  fhould  be  more  ltric"lnefs  ufed  inciyil  govern- 
ment and  military  difcipline. 

2.  That  the  magifbates  mould,  as  far  as  might   be,  ripen 
their  confutations  before  hand,  that  their  vote  in  public  might 
be  as  the  voice  of  God. 

3.  That  in  the  meetings  out  of  court,  the  magiftrates  mould 
not  difcufs  the  bufmefs  of  parties  in  their  prefence,  nor  deliver 
their  opinions,  &c. 

4.  That  trivial  things,  &c.  fhould  be  ordered  in  towns. 

5 .  If  differences  fall  out  among  them  in  public  meetings  they 
fhall  obferve  thefe  rules  :     i .  Not  to  touch  any  perfon    differ- 
ing, but  fpeak  to  the  caufe.     2.  To  exprefs  their  difference  in. 
all  modeily  and  due  refpeft  to  the  court  and  fuch  as  differ,  &c. 
3.  Or  to  propound  their  difference  by  way  of  queftion.     4.  Or 
defire  a  deferirig  of  the  caufe  to  further  time.     5.   After  fen- 
tence  (if  all  have  agreed)  none  fliall  intimate  his  diflike   pri- 
vately,  j 


JOURNAL,  95 

vatply,  or  ifonedifent  he  mall  fit  down  without  {hewing  any      1635. 
further  diftafte,  public  or  private.  <„.  -v—  .J 

6.  The  mgiilrates  mall  be  more  familiar  and  open  each  to 
other,  and  more  frequent  in  violations,  and  ihall  in  tendernefs 
and  love  admonifh  one  another,  without  referving  any  fecret 
grudge,  and  fhall  avoi:!  all  jealouiies  and  faipicions,  each 
feeking  the  honor  of  another,  and  all,  of  the  court,  not  open- 
ing the  nakednefs  of  one  another  to  private  perlbns,  in  all 
things  feeking  the  fafety  and  credit  of  the  gofpel. 
...  7.  To  honor  the  Governor  in  fubmitting  to  him  the  main 
direction  and  ordering  the  buiinefs  of  the  court. 

8.  One  affiftant  ihall  not  feem  to  gratify  any  man  in   undo- 
ing or  croiiing  anotliers  proceedings   without  due  advice  with 
him. 

9.  They  flir.ll  grace  and  ftrenthen  their  under  officers  in  their 
places,  &c. 

10.  All  contempt  againft  the  court  or  any  of  the  magiftrates 
fnal I  be  fpecially  noticed  and  punimed,  and  the  magiftrates 
ihall  appear  more  folemnly  in  public  with  attendence,  apparel, 
and  open  notice  of  their  entrance  into  the  court. 

Mr.  Shepard  a  godly  miniiler,  come  lately  out  of  England,  Mo.  12  l 
and  divers  other  good  chriftians,  intending  to  raife  a  church 
body,  came  and  acquainted  the  magiftrates  therewith,  who 
gave  their  approbation.  They  alfo  fent  to  all  the  neighbour- 
ing churches  for  their  elders  to  give  their  affiitance  at  a  certain 
day  atNewtown,  when  they  mould  conftitute  their  body.  Ac- 
cordingly at  this  day  there  met  a  great  aiTembly,  where  the 
proceeding  was  as  followeth. 

Mr.  Shepherd  and  two  others  who  were  after  to  be  chofen  to 
office,  fat  together  in  the  elders  feat ;  then  the  elder  of  them 
began  with  prayer,  after  this  Mr.  Shepherd  prayed  with  deep 
confeifion  of  fin,  &c.  and  exerciied  out  of  Eph.  v.  that  he 
might  make  it  to  himielf  a  holy,  &c.  and  alfo  opened  the 
caufe  of  their  meeting.  Then  the  elder  defired  to  know  of 
the  churches  ailembled  what  number  were  needful  to  make  a 
church,  and  how  they  ought  to  proceed  in  this  aftion.  Where- 
upon fome  of  the  ancients  miniiters  confering  ihortly  together 
gave  anfwer, — That  the  fcripture  did  not  fet  down  any  certain 
rule  for  the  number,  three  (they  thought)  were  too  few,  be- 
caufe  by  Matt,  xviii.  an  appeal  was  allowed  from  three,  but 
that  feveTi  might  be  a  fit  number;  and  for  their  proceeding 
they  advifed,  that  fuch  as  were  to  join  ihouid  make  conieffion 
of  their  faith,  and  declare  what  work  of  grace  the  Lord  had 
wrought  in  them,  which  acccrdir'  .:id,  Mr.  Shepherd 

firft,  then  four  others,  then  th  ^ne  who   was  to  be 

deacon 


$6  GOVERNOR'   WINTHROP'* 

1635.  deacon  (who  had  alfo  prayed)  and  another  member;  then  th£ 
v— — v-  -J  covenant  was  read,  and  they  all  gave  a  folemnaflent  to  it.  Then 
Mo.  12.  the  elder  defired  of  the  churches,  that  if  they  did  approve 
them  to  be  a  church,  they  would  give  them  the  fight  hand  of 
fellowfnip.  Whereupon  Mr.  Cotton  (upon  fhort  fpeech  with 
fome  other  near  him)  in  the  name  of  the  churches,  gave  his 
hand  to  the  elder,  with  a  fhort  fpeech  of  their  afTent,  and  de- 
fired  the  peace  of  the  Lord's  prefence  to  be  with  them.  Then 
Mr.  Shepherd  made  an  exhortation  to  the  reft  of  his  body  a- 
bout  the  nature  of  their  covenant,  and  to  Hand  firm  to  it,  and 
commended  them  to  the  Lord  in  a  mod  heavenly  praver,  Then 
the  elder  told  the  afTembly  that  they  were  intended  to  choofe 
Mr.  Shepherd  for  their  pallor  (by  the  flame  of  the  brother 
who  had  exercifed)  and  defired  the  churches  that  if  they  had 
any  thing  to  except  againft  him,  they  would  impart  it  to  them 
before  the  day  of  ordination.  Then  he  gave  the  churches 
thanks  for  their  afliftance,  and  fo  left  them  to  the  Lord. 

At  thelaft  general  court  it  was  refered  to  the  military  com- 
miflioners  to  appoint  colours  for  each  company,  who  did  accord- 
ingly, and  left  out  the  crofs  in.  all  of  them,  appointing  the 
King's  arms  to  be  put  into  that  of  Caitle  Ifland,  and  Boiton  to 
be  the  firft  company. 

3  Mr.  John  Maverick  teacher  of  the  church  of  Dorchefter  di- 

ed, being  near  60  years  of  age.  He  was  a  man  of  a  very 
humble  fpirit  and  faithful  in  furthering  the  work  of  the  Lord 
here  both  in  the  churches  arid  civil  ftate. 

24.  Mr.  Winflow  of  Plimouth  came  to  treat  with  thofe  of  Dor- 

chefter about  their  land  at  Connecticut,  which  they  had  taken 
from  them.  It  being  doubtful  whether  that  place  was  within 
cur  patent  or  not  ;  the  Plimouth  men  about  three  years  fince, 
had  treaty  with  us  about  joining  in  creeling  a  plantation 
and  trade  there.  We  thought  not  fit  to  do  any  thing  then,  but 
gave  them  leave  to  go  on.  Whereupon  they  bought  a  portion 
of  land  of  the  Indians,  and  built  a  houfe  there,  and  the  Dor- 
.-.'ler  men  (without  their  leave)  were  now  fetting  down  their 
town  in  the  fame  place,  but  after,  they  defired  to  agree  with 
ihfin  ;  for  which  end  Mr.  Wilfon  came  to  treat  with  them, 
and  demanded  one  fixteenth  part  of  their  lands,  and  lOoL 
which  thofe  of  Dorchefter  not  confenting  unto,  they  brake  off, 
thofe  of  Plimouth  expecting  to  have  due  recompence  after  by 
courfe  of  juftice,  if  they  went  on.  But  divcFS  refolved  to  quit 
the  place  if  they  could  not  agree  with  thofe  of  Plimouth. 
zc  The  diftraclions  about  the  churches  of  Salem  and  Sagus, 

and  the  removal  of  other   churches,  and  the  great   fcarcity  of 
corn,  &c.   occafioned  a  general  faft  to  bs  proclaimed,  whicby 

becaufe 


JOURNAL. 

fcecaufe  the  court  was  not  at  hand,  was  moved  by  the  el-      1636. 
ders  of  the  churches,  and  aflented  unto  by  the  minifters.  v— v— 
The  church  of  Bofton  renewed  their  covenant  this  day, 
and  made  a  large  explanation  of  that  which  they  had  at 
fhft  entered  into,  and  acknowledged  fuch  failings  as  had 
fallen  out,  &c. 

A  man's  fervant  in  Bofton,  having  ftolen  from  his  maf-  ^Om  *• 
ter,  and  being  threatened  to  be  brought  before  the  magif- 
trates,  went  and  hanged  himfclf.  Herein  three  things 
are  obfervable.  i.  That  he  was  a  very  profane  fellow, 
given  to  curling,  &c.  and  did  ufe  to  go  out  of  the  aflembly 
upon  the  Lord's  day  to  rob  his  mafter.  2.  The  manner 
of  his  death,  being  with  a  fmall  codline,  and  his  knees 
touching  the  flour  of  the  chamber,  and  one  coming  in 
when  he  was  fcarce  dead  (who  was  a  maid  and  while  (he 
went  to  call  out,  he  was  paft  recovery).  3.  His  difcon- 
tent,  arifing  from  the  long  time  he  was  to  ferve  his  mafter 
(though  he  were  well  ufed).  The  fame  day  came  a  letter 
from  his  father  out  of  the  Bermuda,  with  money  to  buy 
out  his  time. 

The  Rebecca  came  from  Bermuda  with  thirty  thoufand 
weight  of  potatoes,  and  ftore  of  oranges  and  lemons, 
which  were  a  great  relief  to  our  people  ;  but  their  corn 
was  fold  to  the  W.  Indies  three  months  before.  Pota- 
toes were  bought  for  2/8.  and  fold  here  for  2d.  the  pound. 

Some  occafion  of  difference  had  fallen  put  between  the  j  r^ 
church  of  Charlftown  and  Mr.  James  their  parlor.  The 
teacher  Mr.  Simes  and  the  moft  of  the  brethren  had  taken 
offence  at  divers  fpeeches  of  his,  he  being  a  very  melan- 
cholic man,  and  full  of  caufelefs  jealoufies,  &c.  for  which 
they  had  dealt  with  him  both  privately  and  publicly  ; 
but  receiving  no  fatisfa&ion,  they  wrote  to  all  the  neigh- 
bouring churches  for  their  advice  and  help  in  the  cafe, 
who  fending  chofen  men  (moft  elders.)  they  met  there 
this  day,  and  finding  the  paftor  very  faulty,  yet  becaufe 
they  had  not  proceeded  with  him  in  a  due  order  (for  of 
the  two  witneffes  produced,  one  was  the  accufor)  they 
advifed,  that  if  they  could  not  comfortably  clofe,  himfelf 
and  fuch  as  ftood  on  his  part  (if  they  would)  fhould  defire 
difmiflkm,  which  fhould  be  granted  them,  for  avoiding 
extremities,  but  if  he  per  filled.  &c.  the  church  {hould  caff 
him  out. 

Mr.  Allerron  returned  in  his  pinnace  from  the  French      30.^ 
at  Penobfcott,  his  bark  was  caft  upon  an  liland  and  beat 

N  put 


9g  GOVERNOR    W  I  XT  HP,  OP'* 

1636:      out  her  keel  and  io  lay  ten  days,  yet  he  got  help  from  Pe- 
— v—~ '  naaquic,  and  ircnued  her  and  brought  her  home. 

Mr.  \Vitkers  in  a  vcuel  of  50  tons,  going  to  Virginia, 
•was  cait  awav  'upon.  Long  Ifiand  with  a  \V.N.W,  wind  ; 
the  company  Boeing  about  30)  were  mod  of  them  very 
profane  perfons.and  in  their  voyage  did  much  reproach 
our  colony,  vowing  they  would  hang,  drown,  or  Ac.be 
fore  they  would  come  hither  again.  £even  were  drown- 
ed in  landing,  Tome  got,  in  a  boat,  to  the  dutch  plantation : 
two  were  killed  by  the  Indians,  who  took  ail  luch  goods 
as  they  left  on  fhore.  Thofe  who  efcapcd  went  towards 
Virginia  in  a  dutch  bark,  and  were  never  heard  of  after, 
but  were  thought  to  be  wrecked  by  ioine  dutch  pails,  &c. 
found  by  the.  Indians  thereabouts. 

Mo.  2. 11  Mr.  Mather  and  others  of  Dorchefler,  intending  to  be- 
gin a  new  church  there  (a  great  part  of  the  old  one  being 
gone  ?o  Connecticut)  deiircd  the  approbation  of  the  other 
churches  and  of  the  magiftrates,  and  accordingly  they  af- 
fembled  this  day,  and  after  fome  of  them  had  given  proof 
of  their  gifts,  they  made  confeflion  of  their  faith  which 
was  approved  of  ;  but  proceeding  to  manifeft  the  work 
of  God's  grace  in  themfelves,  the  churches  by  their  el- 
ders, and  the  magiftrates,  &c.  thought  them  not  meet  at 
prefent  to  be  the  foundation  of  a  church,  and  thereupon 
they  were  content  to  forbear  to  join  'till  further  confeder- 
ation. The  reafon  was  for  that  moft  of  them  (Mr.  Mather 
and  one  more  excepted)  had  burdened  their  comfort  of 
faivation  upon  unfound  grounds,  viz.  Some  upon 
dreams  and  ravi(hesof  fpiritby  fits;  others  upon  the  re- 
formation of  their  lives  ;  others  upon  duties  and  perform- 
ances. &c.  wherein  they  difcovered  three  fpecial  errors. 
i.  That  they  had  not  come  to  hate  fin  becaufe  it  was  fil- 
thv,  but  only  left  it  becaufe  it  was  hurtful.  2.  That  by 
on  of  this  they  had  never  truly  clofed  with  Chriil  'or 
rather  Chrift  with  them)  but  had  made  ufe  of  him  only  to 
help  the  imperfection  of  their  ianctificatio*  and  duties, 
awdnc'  :u  their  fa nctifi cation,  wifdom,  &c.  o. 

They  expected  to  believe  by  iorne  power  of  their  own,  and 
not  only  and  wholy  from  Chrift. 

Thofe  of  Dorchcftsr  who  had  removed  their  cattle  to 
Connecticut  before  winter,  loft  the  greateftpart  of  them' 
this  winter,  vet  Tome  which  came  late  an<4  could  not  be 
put  over  the  river,  lived  very  well  all  the  winter  without* 
any  hay.  The  people  alfo  were  put  to  great  (freights'  for 
want  of  provif.ons  ;  they  eat -acorns  and  malt  and  grains  ; 
they  loft  near  ^,2000  worth  «f  cattle. 


* 

JOURNAL.  $9 

At  a  general  court  it  was  ordered  that  a  certain  num.-  1636. 
bcr  of  the  magiitrates  fhould  be  chofen  for  life.  The  rea- 
fon  was,for  that  it  was  (hewed  from  the  word  of  God,&c. 
that  the  principal  magiitrates  ought  to  be  for  life.  Ac-x 
cordingly  the  25th  of  the  3d  Mo.  John  Winthrop  and 
Thomas  Dudley  were  chofen  to  thu  place,  and  Henry 
Vane  by  his  place  of  Governorfhip  was  Prendent  of  this 
council  for  his  year.  It  was  likewife  ordered  that  quar- 
ter courts  fhould  be  kept  in  feveral  places  for  eafe  of  the 
people,  and  in  regard  of  the  ftreights  of  victuals,  the  re- 
mote towns  fhould  fend  their  votes  by  proxy  to  the  court 
ofele&ions;  and  that  no  church  fhould  be  allowed  that 
was  gathered  without  the  confent  of  the  churches  and  the 
magistrates. 

Mr.  Benjamin's  houfe  burnt  and/\ioo  in  goods  loft. 
*The  Charity  of  Dartmouth  of  120  tons  arrived  here 
laden  with  provifions.  She  came  in  with  a  ftrong  N'.W. 
wind,  and  was  in  great  danger  to  ha.ve  been  loft  between 
Alierton  point  and  Natafcott,  but  the  Lord  in  mercy  to; 
his  people,  delivered  her  after  fhe  had  ftruck  twice  and 
upon  the  cliff.  Mr.  Peters  bought  all  the  provifions  at  50 
in  the  100,  which  faved  the  country  £.200  and  diftribut- 
cd  them  to  all  thektowns  as  each  town  needed, 

The  church  of  S^iem  was  dill  infefted  with  Mr.  Wil- 
liams his  opinions,  fo  as  mod  of  them  held  it  unlawful  to 
hear  in  the  ordinary  affemblies  in  England,  becaufe  their 
foundation  was  antichriftian,  and  we  fhould,  by  hearing, 
hold  communion  with  them  ;  and  iome  went  fo  far  as  they 
were  ready  to  feparat*",  from  the  church  upon  it.  Where- 
upon the  church  fent  two  brethren  and  a  letter  to  the  el- 
ders of  the  «ther  churches  for  their  advice  in  three  points, 
$.  Whether,  for  fatisfying  the  weak,  they  might  promife 
$ot  to  hear  in  any  falfe  church — this  was  not  thought 
iafe,  becaufe  then  they  would  draw  them  to  the  like  to- 
wards the  other  churches  here,  who  were  all  of  opinion 
that  it  was  lawful,  and  that  hearing  was  not  holding 
communion.  2.  If  they  were  not  better,  to  grant' them 
difmidion  to  be  a  church  by  themfelves.  This  was  aiiu 
oppor<  d,  for  that  it  was  not  a  remedy  of  God's  ordering  \ 
cr  would  the  magiftrates  allow  them  to  be  a  enure h, 
being  but  three  men  and  eight  women  -,  belides  it  were 
dangerous  to  raife  chuiches  upon  fuch  grounds.  3.  Wh-»- 
hey  ought  then  to  excomtnunicate  them  if  they  did 
r^w.  This  was  granted,  \&t  witliall,  that  ii 
|. did  not  withdraw  o:  ;, i -;  into  epju«mpt,  they  ought  i» 

the- 


loo  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1636.     thcfe  matters  of  difference  of  opinion  in  things  not  fun- 
v  .    i  yn  *>-J  damental  nor  fcandalous,  &c.  to  bear  each  with  other. 

Mr.  Peters  preaching  at  Bofton,  made  an  earneft  re- 
Mo.  3. 15  queft  to  the  church  for  things,  i.  That  they  would 
{pare  their  teacher  Mr.  Cotton,  for  a  time,  that  he  might 
go  through  the  bible  and  raife  marginal  notes  upon  all 
the  knotty  places  of  the  fcripture.  2.  That  a  new  book 
of  might  be  made,  to  begin  where  the  other  had  left. 
3.  That  a  form  of  church  government  might  be  drawn  ac- 
cording to  the  fcripture.  4.  That  they  would  take  order 
for  employment  of  people,  efpecially  women  and  chil- 
dren, in  the  winter  time,  for  he  feared  that  idlehefs  would 
be  the  vice  both  of  church  and  commonwealth. 

Herearived  a  {hip  called  the  St.  Patrick,  belonging  to 
Sir  Thomas  Wentworth,  Deputy  of  Ireland,  one  Palmer 
mafter.  When  (he  came  near  Caftle  Iftand,  the  Lieute- 
nant of  the  fort  went  aboard  her,  and  made  her  ftrike  her 
flag,  which  the  mafter  took  as  a  great  injury,  and  com- 
plained of  it  to  the  magiftrates,  who  calling  the  Lieutenant 
before  them,  heard  the  caufe,  and  declared  to  the  mailer 
that  he  had  no  commiflion  fo  to  do.  And  becaufe  he  had 
made  them  ftrike  to  the  fort  (which  had  then  no  colours 
aboard)  they  tendred  the  mafter  fuch  fatisfaftion  as  he 
defired,  whtch  was  only  this,  that  the  Lieutenant  aboard 
their  (hip,  ftiould  acknowledge  his  error,  that  fo  all  the 
fhips  company  might  receive  fatisfa£Uon,  left  the  De- 
puty fhould  have  been  informed  that  we  had  offered  that 
dif-c®urtefy  to  his  fhip,  which  we  had  never  offered  to 
any  before. 

25  Henry  Vane,  Efq.  before  mentioned,  was  chofen  Go- 
vernor, and  becaufe  he  was  fon  and  heir  to  a  privy  coun- 
fellor  in  England,  the  {hips  congratulated  his  elaftion 
with  a  volley  of  great  {hot.  The  next  week  he  invited 
all  the  matters  (there  were  15  great  {hips)  to  dinner.  Af- 
ter they  had  dined  he  propounded  three  things  to  them, 
i .  That  all  ftiips  which  fhould  come  after  this  year,  ihould 
come  to  an  anchor  before  they  came  at  the  fort,  except 
they  did  fend  their  boat  before  and  did  fatisfy  the  com- 
mander that  they  were  friends.  2.  That  before  thvjy  of- 
fered any  goods  to  fale  they  would  deliver  an  invoice, 
and  give  the  Governor,  &c.  24  hours  liberty  to  refufe,  &c. 
3.  That  their  men  might  not  ftay  on  fhore  (except  upon 
necefiary  bufinefs)  after  funfet.  Thefe  things  they  wil- 
lingly condescended  unto. 

Mr.  Hooker,  paftor  of  the  church  of  Newtowrij  and 

the 


^IV:  VS      V'/ 
]    O    V    R^.VA^L;  v5j/\        lot 

the  reft  of  his  congregation,  went  to  Conne&icut  ;  his      1636. 
wife  was  carried  in  a  horfe  litter,  and  they  drove  160  cat- 
tle, and  fed  of  their  milk  by  the  way. 

The  laft  winter  Capt.  Mafon  died.  He  was  the  chief 
mo\rerin  all  attempts  againft  us,  and  was  to  have  fent  the 
General  Governor,  and  for  this  end  was  providing  (hip- 
ping. But  the  Lord  in  mercy  taking  him  away,  all  the 
Dufmefs  fell  on  fleep,  fo  as  fhips  came  and  brought  what 
and  whom  they  wou.ld,  without  any  queftion  or  con- 
troul. 

Divers  of  the  (hips  this  fpring,  both  out  of  the  Downs 
and  from  Holland,  came  in  five  weeks.  Mr.  Ball  his 
{hip  went  from  hence  to  England  the  i6th  of  January, 
and  faw  land  there  in  1 8  days. 

One  Miller,  matter's  mate  in  the  He&or,  fpake  to  fome 
of  our  people  aboard  his  fhip,  that  becaufe  we  had  not  the 
King's  colours  at  our  fort,  we  were  all  traitors  and  rob- 
bers, &c.  The  Governor  fent  for  the  matter,  Mr.  Feme, 
and  acquainted  him  with  it,  who  promifed  to  deliver  him 
to  us  :  whereupon  we  fent  the  marfhall  and  four  ferjeants 
to  the  fiiip  for  him,  but  the  mafter  not  being  aboard,  they 
would  not  deliver  him  ;  whereupon  the  matter  went  him- 
felf  and  brought  him  to  the  court,  and  the  words  being 
proved  againft  him  by  two  witneffes,  he  was  committed. 
The  next  day  the  matter  to  pacify  his  men  who  were  in 
a  great  tumult,  requefted  he  might  be  delivered  to  him, 
and  did  undertake  to  bring  him  before  us  again  the  day 
after,  which  was  granted  him,  and  he  brought  him  to  us 
at  the  time  appointed.  Then  in  the  prefence  of  all  the 
reft  of  the  matters,  he  acknowledged  his  offence,  and  fet 
his  hand  to  a  fubmiflion,  and  was  difcharged.  Then  the 
Governor  defired  the  matters  that  they  would  deal  freely, 
and  tell  us  if  they  did  take  any  offence,  and  what  they 
required  of  us.  They  anfwered,  that  in  regard  they 
fhould  be  examined  upon  their  return,  what  colours  they 
faw  here,  they  did  defire  that  the  King's  colours  might 
be  fufpended  at  our  fort.  It  was  anfwered  that  we  had 
not  the  King's  colours.  Thereupon  two  of  them  did  of- 
fer them  freely  to  us.  We  replied,  that  for  our  part  we 
were  fully  perfuaded  that  the  crofs  in  the  enfign  was  idol- 
atrous, and  therefore  might  not  fet  it  in  our  enlign,  but 
becaufe  the  fort  was  the  King's,  and  maintained  in  his 
name,  we  thought  that  his  own  colours  might  be  fufpend- 
<"d  there,  fo  the  Governor  accepted  the  colours  of  Capt. 
1'almcr,  and  promifed  they  fhould  be  fet  up  at  Cattle 

Ifiand. 


102         ;     :         CDVERN.OR    WiNTHROP's 

1636.  We  had  conferred  over  night  with  Mr.  Cotton,  &c.  a- 
*•  v  ^  bout  the  point.  The  Governor,  and  Mr.  Dudley  and 
Mr.  Cotton,  were  of  opinion,  that  they  might  be  fet  up 
at  the  fort  upon  this  diftinclion,  that  it  was  maintained 
in  the  King's  name.  Others  not  being  fo  perfuaded,  an« 
fwered,  that  the  Governor  and  Mr.  Dudley,  being  two 
of  the  council,  and  being  perfuaded  of  the  lawfulnefsj  &c. 
might  ufe  their  power  to  fet  them  up  :  fome  others  being 
not  fo  perfuaded,  could  not  join  in  the  aft,  yet  would  not 
oppofe,  as  being  doubtful,  &c. 

Mo.  5.  2  The  Governor,  &c.  went  to  Salem.  Many  (hips  be- 
ing ready  at  Natafcott  to  fet  fail,  Mr.  Peters  went  down 
and  preached  aboard  the  Hc&or,  and  the  {hips  going  forth 
.  met  with  an  Eafl  wind,  which  put  them  in  again,  where- 
upon he  flayed  and  kept  the  fabbath  with  them. 
5  Mr.  Buckly,  and  Mr.  Jones,  two  Englifh  mimflers, 
appointed  this  day  to  gather  a  church  at  Newtown,  to 
fettle  at  Concord.  They  fent  word  three  days  before,  to 
the  Governor  and  Deputy,  to  deftre  their  prefence,  but 
they  took  it  in  ill  part,  aed  thought  not  fit  to  go,  becaufe 
they  had  not  come  to  them  before,  to  acquaint  them  with 
their  purpofe. 

20  Jo.  Gallop  with  one  man  more,  and  two  little  boys 
comming  from  Connecticut  in  a  bark  of  20  tons,  intend- 
ing to  put  in  at  Long  I  Hand  to  trade,  and  being  near  the 
mouth  of  the  harbour,  was  forced  by  a  fadden  change  of 
the  wind,  to  bear  up  for  Block  luand  or  Fifhers  Ifland,  ly- 
ing before  Naraganfett,  where  they  efpied  a  fmall  pin- 
nace, which  drawing  near  unto  they  found  to  be  Mr. 
Oldham's  (an  old  planter,  and  a  member  of  Watertown 
congregation,  who  had  been  long  out  a  trading,  having 
with  him  only  two  Englifh  boys,  and  two  Indians  of  Na- 
raganfett) fo  they  hailed  them,  but  had  no  anfwer,  and 
the  deck  was  full  of  Indians  (14  in  all)  and  a  canoe  was 
gone  from  her  full  of  Indians  and  goods:  whereupon 
they  fufpefted  they  had  killed  Jo.  Oldham,  and  the  rather 
becaufe  the  Indians  let  flip  and  fet  fail,  being  two  miles 
from  fhore,  and  the  wind  and  tide  being  off  the  fhore  of 
the  I  (land,  whereby  they  drove  toward  the  main  at  Na- 
raganfett. Whereupon  they  went  ahead  of  them,  and 
having  but  two  pieces  and  two  piftols,  and  nothing  but 
duck  (hot,  they  bear  up  near  the  Indians,  who  ftood  rea- 
dy armed  with  guns,  pikes  and  fwords,  and  let  My  among 
them,  and  fo  galled  them  that  they  all  got  under  hatches. 
Th«ti  they  flood  off  *g*in.  and  returning  witfc  a  good 

gale/ 


JOURNAL.  103 

gale,  they  ftcmed  her  upon  the  quarter  and  almoft  over-  1636. 
fet  her,  which  fo  frightened  the  Indians  as  fix  of  them  v— — -^ 
leaped  overboard  and  were  drowned  :  yet  they  durfl  not 
board  her,  but  flood  off  again,  and  fitted  their  anchor,  fo 
as  (lemming  her  the  fecond  tim«,  they  bored  her  boom 
through  with  their  anchor,and  fo  (licking  faftto  her,  they 
made  divers  fhot  through  her  (being  but  inch  board)  and 
fo  raked  her  fore  and  aft,  as  they  mud  needs  kill  or  hurt 
fome  of  the  Indians,  but  feeing  none  of  them  come  forth, 
they  got  loofe  from  her  and  flood  off  again,  then  four  or 
iive  of  the  Indians  leaped  into  the  fea  and  were  likewife 
drowned  ;  fo  there  being  now  but  four  left  in  her,  they 
boarded  her.  whereupon  one  Indian  came  up  and  yield- 
ed ;  him  they  bound  and  put  into  the  hold,  then  another 
yielded,  whom  they  bound,  but  Jo.  Gallop  being  well 
acquainted  with  their  fkill  to  untie  themieives,  if  two  of 
them  were  together,  and  having  no  place  to  keep  them, 
affunder,  he  threw  him  bound  into  the  fea,  and  looking 
about,  they  found  Jo.  Oldham  under  an  old  feine,  his 
head  cleft  to  the  brains,  and  his  hands  and  legs  cut  as  if 
they  had  been  cutting  them  off,  and  yet  warm,  fo  they 

Fut  him  into  the  fea,  but  could  not  get  to  the  other  two 
ndians  who  were  in  a  little  room  underneath  with  their 
fwords,  fo  they  took  the  goods  which  were  leFt,  and  the 
fails,  and  towed  the  boat  away,  but  night  coming  on,  and 
the  wind  rifing,  they  were  forced  to  turn  her  off,  and  the 
wind  carried  her  to  the  Naraganfett  (hore, 

The  two  Indians  which  were  with  Mr.  OldKam,  and  26 
one  other  came  from  Canonicus  the  chief  fachem  of  Na- 
raganfett, with  a  letter  from  Mr.  Williams  to  the  Gov- 
ernor, to  certify  him  what  had  befallen  Mr.  Oldham,  and 
how  grievfrufly  they. were  afflifted,  and  that  Miantonimoh 
was  gon«  with  17  canoes  and  20  men  to  take  revenge. 
But  upon  examination  of  the  Indian  who  was  brought 
prifoner  to  us,  we  found  that  all  the  fachems  of  the  Na- 
raganfett, except  Conanicus  and  Miantonimoh,  were  the 
contrivers  of  Mr.  Oldham's  death  ;  and  the  occafion  was 
becaufe  he  went  to  make  peace  andtraeje  with  tha  Pekod* 
lad  year,  as  is  before  related.  The  prifoner  faid  alfo,  that 
Mr.  Oldham's  two  Indians  we  re  acquainted  With  it :  but 
becaufe  they  were  fen t  as  iticflengcr*  from  Conanicus, 
we  would  not  imprilbn  them.  But  the  Governor  wrote 
back  to  Mr,  Williams  to  let  the  Naraganfett's  know  that 
we  expected  they  ftiould  fend  us  the  two  boys,  and  take 
revenge  upon  the  Iflanders,  and  withal  gave  Mr.  Wil- 
liams 


104  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1636.      liams  a  caution  to  look  to  himfelf  if  we  ftiould  have  oc- 

* sr— — '  cafion  to  make  war  upon  the  Naraganfetts,  for  Block  If- 

28  land  was  under  them.  And  the  next  day  he  wrote  to 
Canonicus  by  one  of  thofe  two  Indians,  and  that  he  had 
fufpicion  of  him,  yet  he  had  fent  him  back  becaufe  he 
was  a  meffenger,  but  did  expe&  that  if  he  fhould  fend  for 
the  faid  two  Indians,,  he  fhould  fend  them  to  us  to  clear 
themfelves. 

Mr.  Oldham'stwo  boys  were  fent  home  by  one  of  Mi- 
antinomoh  his  men,  with  a  letter  from  Mr.  Williams, 
Signifying  that  Miantonimoh  had  caufed  the  fachem  of 
Niantickto  fend  to  Block  Ifland  for  them  ;  and  that  he 
had  near  100  fathom  of  wampom  and  other  goods  of  Mr. 
Oldham's,  which  fhould  be  referved  for  us,  and  that 
three  of  the  f  even  which  were  drowned  were  fachems, 
and  one  of  the  two  which  were  hired  by  the  fachem  of 
Niantick,.  was  dead  alfo.  So  we  wrote  back  to  him  to 
have  the  reft  of  thofe  which  were  acceflbry,  to  be  fent  to 
us,  and  the  reft  of  the  goods,  and  that  he  fhould  tell  Co- 
nanicus  and  Miantonimok,  that  we  held  them  innocent, 
but  that  fix  other  under  fachems  were  guilty. 

Mo.  6. 3  Samuel  Maverick,  who  had  been  in  Virginia  near 
twelve  months,  now  returned  with  two  pinnaces,  and 
brought  14  heifers,  and  about  80  goats  (having  loft  about 
20  goats  by  the  way)  one  of  his  pinnaces  was  about  40 
tons,  of  cedar,  built  at  and  brought  to  Virginia  by 
Capt.  Powell,  who  there  dying,  {he  was  fold  for  a  fmall 
*  matter.  There  died  in  Virgipia  (by  his  relation)  this  laft 
year,  above  1800,  and  corn  was  there  at  twenty  (hillings 
the  bufhel,  the  moft  of  the  people  having  lived  a  great 
time  of  nothing  but  purflain,  &c.  It  is  very  ftrange  what 
was  related  by  him  and  many  others,  that  above  60  miles 
up  James  river,  they  dig  no  where  but  they  find  the  ground 
full  of  oyfter  fhells,  and  fifties  bones,  &c.  yet  he  affirmed 
that  he  faw  the  bone  of  a  whale  taken  out  of  the  earth 
(where  they  digged  a  well)  18  feet  deep, 

Lieut.  Edward  Gibbons,  and  John  Higginfon,  with 
Cutthamckin  thefagamore  of  Maflachufetts,  were  fent  to 
Canonicus,  to  treat  with  him  about  the  murder  of  Jo. 
Oldham.  13th.  They  returned,  being  very  well  accept- 
13  ed  and  good  fuccefs  in  their  bufinefs.  They  obferved  in 
the  fachem  much  ftate,  great  command  over  his  men,  and 
marvelous  wifdom  in  his  anfwers,  and  the  carnage  of  the 
whole  treaty,  clearing  hirnfclfand  his  neighbours  of  the 

murder, 


JOURNAL.  105 

itiurder,  and  offering  afliflance  for  revenge  of  it,  yet  upon      1636. 
very  fafe  and  wary  conditions.  v- v— — ' 

The  Governor  and  Council  having  lately  affembed  the 
reft  of  the  magiflrates  and  mimfters,  to  advife  with  them  25 
about  doing  juftice  upon  the  Indians  for  the  death  of  Mr. 
Oldham,  and  all  agreeing  tnat  it  fhpuld  be  attempted  with 
expedition,  did  this  day  fend  forth  90  men,  diftributed  to 
four  commanders,  Capt.  John  Underbill,  Capt.  Natha- 
niel Turner,  enfign  Jenyfon,  and  enfign  Davenport,  and 
over  them  all  as  General,  Jo.  Endicott,  Efq.  one  of  the 
afliflants  was  fent.  They  were  embarked  in  three  pin- 
naces, and  carried  two  fhallpps  and  two  Indians  with 
them.  They  had  commiflion  to  put  to  death  the  men  of 
Block  Ifland,  but  to  fpare  the  women  and  chihlr.cn,  and 
to  bring  them  away  and  to  take  podeflion  of  the  Ifland. 
From  thence  to  go  to  the  Pequods  to  demand  the  murder- 
ers of  Capt.  Stone,  and  other  Englifh,  and  i.ooo  fathom 
of  wampom  for  damages,  and  Tome  of  their  children  for 
hoftages,  which  if  they  fhould  refufe,  they  were  to  obtain 
it  by  force.  No  man  was  impreffed  for  this  fei  vice,  but 
all  went  volunteers. 

Miantonomoh  fachem  of  Ptfaraganfett,  fent  a  mefienger  26 
to  us,  with  a  letter  from  Mr.  Williams,  to  fignify  to  us- 
that  they  had  taken  one  of  the  Indians  who  had  broken 
prifon,  and  was  efcaped  away,  and  had  him  fafe  for  us 
when  we  would  fend  for  him  (we  had  before  fent  to  him 
for  that  end)  and  the  other  being  alfo  of  Block  Uland, 
he  had  fent  away,  not  knowing,  as  it  fee  tne.d,.  that  he  had 
been  our  prifoner,  according  to  their  promife  that  they 
would  not  entertain  any  of  that  Ifland  which  fhould  come 
to  them.  But  we  conceived  it  was  rather  in  love  to  him, 
for  he  had  been  his  fervant  formerly.  We  fent  for  the 
two  Indians,  one  was  fent  us,  the  other  was  dead  before 
the  meffengers  came.  f  . 

A  fhip  of  120  tons  was  built  at  Marblehead  and  called 
the  Defire. 

.  At  a  general  court  a  levy  was  made  of£*.i2oo  to  pay    7ber.  8 
the  country's  debts. 

The  trade  of  beaver  and  wampom  was  to  be   farmed, 
and  all  others  retrained  from  trading. 

A  new  church  was  gathered  at  Dorcheftcr,  with  appro-    23 
bation  of  the  magiflrates  and  elders,  &c. 

John  Endicott,  Efq.  and  four  Captains  under  him,  with    24 
20  men  a  piece,  fet  fail.     They  arrived  at  Block  Ifland  the 
laft  of  the  fame.     The  wind  blowing  hard  at  N.E.  there 

O  went 


.06  GOVERNOR    WIN  THRO  ?'s 

1636.  went  fo  great  a  furf  as  they  had  much  to  do  to  land  ; 
and  about  40  Indians  were  ready  upon  the  fhore  to  en- 
tertain them  with  their  arrows,  which  they  (hot  off  at  our 
men,  but  being  armed  with  croflets,  they  had  no  hurt,  on- 
ly one  was  lightly  hurt  upon  his  neck,  and  another  near 
his  feet.  So  foon  as  our  men  were  leaped  on  fhore,  they 
fled.  The  Iflandis  about  ten  miles  long,  and  four  broad, 
full  cf  fmall  hills,  and  all  overgrown  with  brufh  wood  of 
oak,  no  good  timber  on  it ;  fo  as  they  could  not  inarch  but 
one  file  and  in  the  narrow  paths.  There  were  two  plan- 
tations three  miles  in  funder,  and  about  60  wigwams,  fome 
very  large  and  fair  and  about  200  acres  of  corn,  fome  ga- 
thered and  laid  on  heaps,  and  the  reft  {landing.  When 
they  fpent  two  days  in  fearching  the  Ifland  and  could  not 
find  the  Indians,  they  burnt  the  wigwams  and  all  their 
matts  and  fome  corn,  and  ftaved  feven  canoes  and  depart- 
ed. They  could  not  tell  what  men  they  killed,  but  fome 
were  wounded  and  carried  away  by  their  fellows.  Then 
they  went  to  the  mouth  of  Connecticut  where  they  lay 
wind-bound  four  days,  and  taking  thence  20  men  and  two 
fhallops,  they  failed  to  the  Pequot  harbour,  where  an  In- 
dian came  to  them  in  a  canoe,  and  demanded  what  they 
v/ere  and  what  they  would  have.  The  general  told  him 
he  came  from  the  governor  of  Maffachufetts,  to  fpeak 
with  their  fachems.  He  told  him.  Saffacus  was  gone  to 
Long-Ifland.  Then  he  bad  him  go  tell  the  other  fachems, 
andfo  he  departed,  and  in  the  mean  time  our  men  land- 
ed, but  with  much  danger,  if  the  Indians  had  made  ufe  of. 
their  advantage,  for  all  the  fhore  was  high  ragged  rocks. 
Then  the  meffenger  returned,  and  the  Indians  began  to 
gather  about  our  men  'till  there  were  about  300  of  them, 
and  fome  four  hours  had  parted  while  the  meffenger  went 
to  and  fro,  bringing  ftill  excufes  for  the  fachems  not  com- 
ing ;  at  lengtbuhe  General  told  the  meflenger  and  the  reft 
of  the  Indians  near,the  particular*  of  his  commiflion,  and 
fent  him  to  tell  the  fachem  if  he  would  not  come  to  him, 
nor  yield  to  thofe  demands,  he  would  fight  with  them. 
The  meffenger  told  him  the  fachem  would  meet  him.  if 
our  men  would  lay  down  their  .arms,  as  his  men  fhould 
their  bows.  When  the  General  faw  they  did  but  dally 
to  gain  time,  he  bid  them  be  gone  and  ihift  for  themfelves, 
for  they  had  dared  the  Engliih  to  come  fight  with  them, 
and  now  they  were  ceme  for  that  purpofe.  Whereupon 
they  all  withdrew — Some  of  our  men  would  have  made  a 
{hot  at  them,  but  the  General  would  not  fuffet  them  :  but 

when 


j     O    U     R    N    A     I..  10; 

when  they  wer- gone  outofmufket  (hot  he  marched  af-  1636. 
ter  them  fuppofmg  they  would  have  flood  to  it  a  while, 
as  thev  did  to  the  Dutch  ;  but  they  all  fled  and  fhot  at 
our  men  from  the  thickets  and  rocks,  but  did  us  no  harm. 
Two  of  them  our  men  killed,  and  hurt  others.  So  they 
marched  up  to  their  town  and  burnt  all  their  wigwaras 
and  matts,  but  their  corn  being  {landing,  they  could  npt. 
fpoil  it.  At  night  they  returned  to  their  veitels,  and  the 
next  day  they  went  a  Chore  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  river 
and  burnt  all  their  wigwams  and  fpoiled  their  canoes, 
and  fo  let  fail  and  came  to  the  Naraganfett  where  they 
landed  their  men,  and  the  14th  of  September  they  came 
all  fafe  to  Bofton,  which  was  a  marvellous  providence  of 
God,  that  not  a  hair  fell  from  the  head  of  any  of  them, 
nor  any  fick  or  feeble  perfon  among  them.  As  they 
came  by  Naraganfett,  Cutfhamakin  an  Indian  who  went 
with  them  for  an  interpreter,  who  being  armed  with  a 
croflet  and  a  piece,  had  crept  into  a  Swamp  and  killed  a 
Pequot,  and  having  flead  off  the  fkin  of  his  head,  he  fent 
it  to  Canonicus,  who  prefantly  fent  it  to  all  the  fachems 
about  him,  and  returned  many  thanks  to  the  Englifh,  and 
fent  four  fathom  of  wampom  to  Cutfliamakin. 

The  foldiers  who  went  were  all  volunteers  and  had 
only  their  victuals  provided,  but  demanded  no  pay.  The 
whole  charge  of  the  voyage  came  to  about  200!.  The, 
feamen  had  all  wages. 

The  Naraganfett  men  told  us  after,  that  13  of  the  Pe- 
quots  were  killed,  and  40  wounded ;  and  but  one  of 
Block  Ifbnd  killed. 

At  the  lafl  general  court  orJer  was  taken  to  reftrain 
the  trade  with  the  Indians,  and  the  Governor  and  Coun- 
cil appointed  to  lett  it  to  farm,  for  a  rent  to  be  paid  to 
the  treafuiy.  « 

The  inhabitants  of  Boflon,  who  had  taken  their  farms 
and  lots  at  mount  Woollafton.  finding  it  very  burdenfome 
to  have  their  bufinefs  fo  far  off,  defired  to  gather  a  church 
there;  many  meetings  were  about  it.  The  great  lett  was, 
in  regard  it  was  given  to  Boflon  for  upholding  the  town 
and  church  there,  which  end  would  be  fruftrated  by  the 
removal  of  fo  many  chief  men  as  would  go  thither.  For 
helping  of  this  it  was  propounded  that  fuch  as  dwelt 
there,  (hould  pay  fix  pence  the  acre  yearly  for  fuch  land 
as  lay  within  a  mile  of  the  water,  and  three  pence  for  that 
which  law  further  .off. 

A  fhip  of  Barnftable  arrived  here  with  80  heifers.     An- 
other 


?8  GOVERNOR    WIN  THRO  Ps 

1636.  other  from  Briftol  arrived  a  fortnight  after,  -with 
_  — T—  _'  fome  cattle,  and  paffengers  at  Pif-cat:  for  Sir  Ferdinand 
Gorges  his  plantation  at  Aquawaticus. 

Canonicus  fent  us  word  of  fome  Englifh  whom  the  Pe- 
quods  had  killed  at  Say-Brook,  and  Mr.  Williams  wrote 
that  the  Pequods  and  Naragariletts  were  at  war,  and  that 
Miantonomoh  told  him  that  the  Pequods  had  laboured  to 
perfuade  them  that  the  Englifh  were  minded  to  deflroy 
all  the  Indians.  Whereupon  we  fent  for  Miantonomoh 
to  come  to  us. 

Another  windmill  was  erefted  at  Bofton,  and  one  at 
Charleftown,  and  a  watermill  at  Salem,  anotker  at  Ips- 
wich, and  another  at  Newbury. 

After  Mr.  Endicott  and  our  men  were  departed  from 
the  Pequod,  the  20  men  of  Say-brook  lay  wind  bound 
there,  and  went  to  fetch  fome  of  the  Indians  corn,  and 
having  fetched  every  man  one  fack  full  to  their  boat  they 
returned  for  more,  and  having  loaded  themfelves,  the 
Indians  fet  upon  them,  fo  they  laid  down  their  corn  and 
gave  fire  upon  them,  and  the  Indians  (hot  arrows  at  them, 
The  place  was  open  for  the  diftanee  of  mufket  (hot,  and 
the  Indians  kept  the  covert,  fave  when  they  ran  forth  a- 
bout  ten  at  a  time,  and  difcharged  their  arrows.  The 
Englifh  put  themfelves  into-a  ftngl:e  file,  and  fome  ten  on- 
ly (who  had  pieces  that  could  reach  them)  fhot,  and  the 
others  ftood  ready  to  keep  them  from  breaking  in  upon 
our  men.  So  they  continued  the  moft  part  of  the  after- 
noon. Our  men  killed  fome  of  them  (as  they  fuppofed) 
and  hurt  others  ;  and  they  fhot  only  one  of  ours,  and  he 
•was  armed,  all  the  reft  being  without  arms.  He  was  fhot 
^  thro*  the  legs.  Their  arrows  were  all  fhot  compafs,  fo  as 
our  men  ftanding  fingle,  could  eatily  fee  and  avoid  them, 
and  one  was  employed  to  gather  up  their  arrows  ;  at  la(i 
they  emptied  their  facks,  and  retired  fafe  to  their  boat. 

About  two  days  after  five  men  of  Say-brook,  went  up 
the  river  about  four  miles  to  fetch  hay  in  a  meadow  on 
Pequot  fide  ;  the  grafs  was  fo  high  as  fome  Pequots  being 
hid  in  it,  fet  upon  our  men,  and  one  that  had  hay  on  his 
back  they  took,  the  others  fled  to  their  boat,  One  of  them 
having  five  arrows  in  him  (but  yet  recovered).  He  who 
was  taken  was  a  godly  young  man,  called  Butter- 

field  (whereupon  the  meadow  was  named  Butterfield 
neadow) — About  fourteen  days  afterrfix  of  Say-brook 
)eing  fent  to  keep  the  houfein  their  cornfield  about  two 
oniles  from  the  fort,  three  of  them  went  forth  on  fowling 

(whkh 


J    O    U    R    N     A    L.  109 

(which  the  Li?ut.  had  ftri£lly  forbidden  them)  two  had 
pieces,  and  the  third  only  a  fword.  Suddenly  about  100 
Indians  rofe  out  of  the  covert  and  fhot  upon  them,  the 
man  who  had  the  {word  broke  thro'  them,  and  received 
only  two  fhot,  not  dangerous,  and  efcaped  to  the  houfe, 
Which  was  not  a  bow  fhot  off,  and  perfuad?d  the  other 
two  to  follow  him,  but  they  flood  fHll  'till  the  Indians 
came  and  took  them,  and  carried  them  away  with  their 
pieces  :  foon  after  they  burnt  down  the  faid  houfe  and 
fome  outhonfes  and  hayftacks  within  a  bow  fhot  of  the 
fort,  and  killed  a,  cow  and  fhot  divers  .others,  but  they  all 
came  home  with  the  arrows  in  them. 

Miantono'noh  the  fachcm  of  Naraganfctt,  being  fcnt  g^ 
for  bv  the  Governor,  came  to  Boflon  with  two  of  Canon- 
icus'  fonsaml  ar,other  fachem  and  near  20  fanops.  Cut- 
fhamakin  gave  us  notice  the  day  before.  The  Governor 
fent  20  muficetteers  to  meet  him  at  Roxbury  :  he  came 
to  Boiron  ab-jut  nocn.  The  Governor' had  called  toge- 
ther moft  of  the  magiftrates  and.  miniflers,  to  give  coun- 
tenance to  our  proceedings,  and  to  advife  with  them  a- 
bout  the  terms  of  peace.  It  was  dinner  time  and  the  fachems 
and  their  council  dined  hy  themfelves  in  the  fame  room 
where  the  Governor  dined,  and  their. fanops  were  fent  to 
the  inn.  After  dinner,  Miantonomoh  declared  what  he 
had  to  fay  to  us  in  proportions  which  were  to  this  effe&. 
That  they  had  always  loved  the  Englifh  and  defired  firm 
peace  with  us — That  they  would  continue  in  war  with 
the  Pequods  and  their  confederates  'till  they  were  fub- 
dued,  and  defired  we  fhould  fo  do—They  would  deliver 
our  enemies  to  us.  or  kill  them — That  if  any  of  theirs 
fliould  kill  our  cattk.  that  we  would  not  kill  them,  but 
caufe  them  to  .make  fatisfa&ion — That  they  would  now 
make  a  firm  peace,  and  two  months  hence  they  would 
fend  us  a  prefent.  The  Governor  told  them  they  fhould 
have  anfwer  the  next  morning. 

In  the  morning  we  met  again,  and  concluded  the  peace 
upon  the  articles  underwritten,  which  the  Governor  fub- 
fcribed,  and  they  alfo  fubfcribed  with  their  marks,  and 
Cutmamakin  alfo.  But  becaufe  we  could  not  well  make 
them  underfland  the  articles  perfectly,  we  agreed' to  fend 
a  copy  of  them  to  Mr.  Williams  who  could  boft  inter- 
pret them  to  them.  So  after  dinner  they  took  leave,  and 
were  conveyed  out  of  town  by  fome  mufketceis  and  d,if- 
miffed  with  a  volley  of  {hot, 

TH* 
- 


110  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1636.  THE    ARTICLES. 

1.  A  firm  peace  between  us  and  our  friends  of  other 
•plantations  (if  they   conferit)  and  their  confederates   (if 
they  will  obferve  the  articles)  and  our  pofterity. 

2.  Neither  party  to  make  peace  with  the  Pequods  with- 
out the  others  confent. 

3.  Not  to  harbour  &c.  the  Pequods. 

4.  'To  put  to  death  or  deliver  over  murderers. 

5.  To  return  our  fugitive  fervants. 

6.  We  to  give  them  notice  when  we  go  againftthe  Pe- 
quods, and  they  to  fend  us  fome  guides. 

7.  Free  trade  between  us. 

8.  None  of  them  to  come  near  our  plantations   during 
the   wars  with  the  Pequods,  without  fome  Engliftiman  or 
known  Indian. 

9.  To  continue  to  the  pofterity  of  both  parties. 

The  Governor  of  Plimouth  wrote  to  the  Deputy  that 
we  had  occafioned  a  war  by  provoking  the  Pequods,  and 
no  more,  and  about  the  peace  with  the  Naraganfetts. 
The  Deputy  took  it  ill  (as  there  was  reafon)  and  returned 
aufwer  accordingly,  and  made  it  appear,  i.  That  there 
was  as  much  done  as  could  be  expefted,  confidering  they 
fled  from  us,  and  we  could  not  follow  them  in  our  ar- 
mour, neither  had  any  to  guide  us  in  their  country. 
fc.  We  went  not  to  make  war  upon  them,  but  to  do  juf- 
ilice  &c.  and  having  killed  13  of  them  for  4  or  5  which 
they  had  murdered  of  us,  and  deftroyed  60  wigwams  &c. 
we  were  not  much  behind  with  them.  3.  They  had  no 
caufe  to  glory  over  us  when  they  faw  that  they  could  not 
fave  their  houfes  and  corn  from  fo  few  of  ours.  4.  If  we 
had  left  but  100  of  them  living,  thofe  might  have  done 
us  as  much  hurt  as  they  have  or  are  likely  to  do.  5.  It 
was  very  likely  they  would  have  taken  notice  of  our  ad- 
vantage againft  them,  and  would  have  fitten  (till,  or  have 
fought  peace,  it  God  had  not  deprived  them  of  common 
reafon. 

About  the  middle  of  this  month  Jo:  Tilley  mafter  of 
a  bark,  coming  down  Connecticut  river,  went  on  fiiore 
in  a  canoe  three  miles  above  the  fort  to  kill  fowl,  and 
having  (hot  off  his  piece  many  Indians  arofe  out  of  the 
covert  and  took  .him,  and  killed  one  other  who  was  in 
the  canoe.  This  Tilley  was  a  very  (lout  man,  and  of  great 
underftanding.  Thev  cut  off  his  hands  and  fent  them  be- 
fore, and  after,  cut  off  his  feet.  He  lived  three  days  af- 
ter his  hands  were  cut  off,  and  themfclves  corifefled  that 


".'•'•> 

J  'o     U'    R    N    A    L.  11 

he  was  a  (lout  man  becaufe  he  cried   not  in  all  his. Lor-      1636. 
ture.  -v — _v 

About  this  "time  two  houfes  were  burnt  and  all  the 
goods  in  them  to  a  great  value  ;  one  was  one  Sharve's  at 
Watertown,  and  the  other  one  Jackfon's  at  Salem,  both 
profeflbrs,  and  Sharve  the  day  before,  admitted  of  the 
former  church.  This  was  very  obfervable  in  Sharve,  that 
he  concealed  his  eftate.  and  made  {hew  as  if  he  had  been 
poor,  and  went  not  clear  of  forne  unrighteous  paffages. 

One  Mrs.  Hutchinfon  a  member  of  the  church  of  Bof- 
ton,  a  woman  of  a  ready  wit,  and  bold  fpirit,  brought 
over  with  her  two  dangerous  errors,  i.  That  the  periort 
of  the  Holy  Ghoft  dwells  in  a  juftificd  peifon.  2.  That 
no  fan&ification  can  help  to  evidente  to  us  dur  juftiEca- 
tion.  From  the fe  two  grew  many  branches  :  as  i.  Our 
union  with  the  Holy  Ghoft,  fo  as  a  chriftian  remains  dead 
to  every  fpiritual  a&ion  and  hath  no  gifts  nor  graces  other 
than  fuch  as  are  in  hypocrites,  nor  any  other  ian&ifi cati- 
on but  the  Holy  Ghoft  himfelf. 

There  joined  with  her  in  thefe  opinions  a  brother  of  her, 
one  Mr.  Wheelwright,  a  filenced  minifter  foinetime  in 
England. 

The  other  minifters  in  the  Bay  hearing  of  thefe  things  2^ 
came  to  Bofton  at  the  time  of  the  General  Court,  and  en- 
tered conference  in  private*  with  thrm,  to  the  end  they 
might  know  the  certainty  of  thefe  things,  that  if  need 
were,  they  might  write  to  the  church  of  Bofton  about 
them,  to  prevent  if  it  were  poflible,  the  danger  which 
feemed  hereby  to  hang  over  that  and  the  reft  of  the 
churches.  At  this  conference  Mr.  Cotton  was  prefent 
and  gave  fatisfaciion  to  them,fo  as  he  agreed  with  them  all 
in  the  points  of  fanftification, and  fo  did  Mr.  Wheelwright; 
fo  as  they  all  did  hold  that  fanftification  did  help  to  evi- 
dencejuftification.  Th«  fame  he  had  declared  plainly  in 
public  divers  times,  but  for  the  indwelling  of  the  perfon 
of  the  Holy  Ghoft  he  held  that  ftill,  but  not  very  man 
with  the  perfon  of  the  Holy  Ghoft  fo  as  to  amount  to  a 
perfonal  union. 

Mr.  Cotton  being  requefted  by  the  general  court  with 
feme  other  minifters,  to  aflift  fome  of  the  magiftrates  in 
compiling  a  body  of  fundamental  laws,  did,. this  court, 
prefent  a  model  of  Mofes  his  judicials  compiled  in  an  ex- 
,aft  method,  which  were  taken  into  further  confidcration 
'till  the  next  general  court. 

Some  of  the  church  of  Bofton  being  of  the  opinion  of  30 

Mrs. 


a  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP's 

636.  Mrs-.  Hutchinfon.  had  laboured  to  have  Mr.  Wheelwright 
be  called  to  be  a  teacher  there.  It  was  propounded  the 
laft  Lord's  day,  and  was  moved  again  this  day  for  refolu- 
tion.  One  of  the  church  ftood  up  and  faid  he  could  not 
confent  &c.  his  reafon  Wd.s,  becaufe  the  church  being  well 
furniihed  already  with  able  minifters  whofe  fpirils  they 
knew,  and  whofe  labours  God  hath  blelTed  in  much  love 
and  fweet  peace,  he  thought  it  not  fit  (no  neceflity  urging) 
to  put  the  welfare  of  the  church  to  the  leaft  hazard,  as  hfc 
feared  they  ihould  do,  by  calling  in  one  whofe  fpirit  ihey 
knew  not,  and  one  who  feemed  todiifent  in  judgment,  and 
in  (lanced  in  two  points  which  he  delivered  in  a  late  ex- 
ercife  there,  i.  That  a  believer  was  more  than  a  crea- 
ture. 2.  That'the  perfon  of  the  Holy  Ghoft  and  a  be- 
liever were  united.  Hereupon  the  Governor  fpake, 
That  he  marvelled  at  this,  feeing  Mr.  Cotton  had  lately 
approved  his  do&rine.  To  this  Mr.  Cotton  anfwered, 
that  he  did  not  remember  the  firfh,  and  delired  Mr.  Wheel- 
wright to  explain  his  meaning.  He  denied  not  the 
points,  but  (hewed  upon  what  occaficn  he  delivered  them. 
Whereupon  there  being  an  indication  to  make  a  recon- 
ciliation, the  firfl  replied,  that  altho'  Mr.  Wheelwright 
and  himfelf  might  likely  agree  about  the  points,  and  tho' 
lie  thought  reverendly  of  his  godlinefs  and  abilities  fo  as 
he  could  be  content  to  live  under  fuch  a  miniftry,  yet 
feeing  he  was  apt  to  raife  doubtful  difputaiidas  he  could 
not  confent  to  choofe  him  to  that  place  ;  whereupon  the 
church  gave  way  that  he  might  be  called  to  a  new  church 
to  be  gathered  at  Mount  Woollafton,  near  Braintree. 
Divers  of  the  brethren  took  offence  at  the  faid  fpeech  a- 
gainft  Mr.  Wheelwright  :  whereupon  the  fame  brother 
Ipake  ih  the  congregation  the  next  day  to  this  effe£t — 
That  hearing  that  fome  of  the  brethren  were  offended  at 
hU  iormer  fpeech,  and  for  that  offences  were  dangerous, 
he  was  df fuous  to  give  fatisfa£Uon.  The  offence  he  faid 
was  in  three  things,  i.  For  that  he  had  charged  the 
brother  in  public,  and  for  a  thing  fo  long  fince  deliver- 
ed, and  had  not'firft  dealt  with  him  privately.  For  this 
he  acknowledged  it  was  a  failing.  But  the  occafion  was, 
that  when  he  heard  the  points  delivered,  he  took  them 
in  a  good  fcufc,  as  fpoken  figuratively,  feeing  the  whole 
fcope.  of  his  doftrine  was  found,  and  favouring  of  the  fpi- 
rit of  God  ;  but  hearing  very  lately  that  he  was  fufpefted 
to  hold  fuch  opinions,  it  caufed  him  to  think  he  fpakc  HS 
he  rueant.  The  ad.  caufe  of  offence  was,  that  in  His 

fpeech 


JOURNAL;  113 

fpeech  appeared  fome  bitternefs  ;  For  that  he  ar.fwercd,  1636. 
that  they  well  knew  his  manner  of  fpeech.  as  always  u— - v— — * 
earned  in  things  which  he  conceived  to  be  ferious,  and 
profefTed  that  he  did  love  that  brother's  perfon,  and  did 
know  the  gifts  and  graces  of  God  in  him.  The  3d.  wai, 
that  he  had  charged  him  to  have  held  things  which  lie 
did  not.  For  this  lie  anfwered,  That  he  had  fpoken 
fmce  with  the  laid  brother,  and  for  the  two  points,  that  the 
believer  fhould  be  more  than  a  creature,  and  that  there 
(hould  be  a  perfonal  union  between  the  Holy  Ghoft  and  a 
believer,  he  had  denied  to  hold  either  of  them,  but  by  ne- 
ceilary  confequences  he  doth  hold  them  both  ;  for  he 
holds  (faid  he)  that  there  is  a  real  union  with  the  perfon 
of  the  Holy  Ghoft,  and  then  of  neceffity  it  mud  be  per- 
fonal, and  fo  a  believer  muil  be  more  than  a  creature, 
viz.  God  man,  even  Chrift  Jefus  ;  for  tho'  in  a  true  uni- 
on the  two  terms  may  flill  remain  the  lame,  as  between 
hufband  and  wife,  he  is  a  man  ft  ill,  and  ihe  a  woman,  for 
the  union  is  only  in  fympathy  and  relation,  yet  in  a  real 
or  perfonal  union  it  is  not.  Now  whether  this  were  a- 
greeable  to  the  doclrine  of  the  church  or  not,  he  left  to 
the  church  to  judge  ;  hoping  that  the  Lord  would  direfifc 
our  teacher  to  clear  thefe  points  fully,  as  he  had  well 
done  in  good  meafure  already.  Withal  he  made  this  re- 
queft  to  the  teacher  (which  he  faid  he  here  did  ferioufly 
and  affeclionately)  that  feeing  thefe  uneafinefTes  grew 
(and  fome  eftrangement  withal)  from  fome  words  and 
phrafes  which  were  of  known  intention,  and  tended  to 
doubtful  difputation  rather  than  to  edificationj  and  had 
no  footing  in  fcripture,  nor  had  been  in  ufe  in  the  pure  ft 
churches  for  300  years  after  Chrift,  that  for  the  peace  of 
this  church,  they  might  be  forborn  (he  meant  perfon  of 
the  Holy  Ghoft  and  real  union)  and  concluded  that  he  did 
not  intend  to  difpute  the  matter,  as  not  having  place  or 
calling  thereunto  then  ;  yet  if  any  brother  delired  to  fee 
what  light  he  walked  by,  he  would  be  ready  to  impart  it 
to  him.  How  this  was  taken  by  the  congregation  did 
not  appear,  for  no  man  fpake  to  it.  A  day  or  two  after, 
the  fame  brother  wrote  his  mind  fully  with  fuch  fcnp-- 
tures  and  arguments  as  came  to  hand,  and  fent  it  to  Mr. 
Cotton. 

A  new  church   was  gathered    at   Sagus  (now  Linne).    qber.  8 
XhjC  Governor  and  Deputy  were    not  there,  being   letted 
By  the  coming  in  of  a  fhip  and  other  occafions.     It   held 
the  company  two  days — Mr.  Whiting  who  was  to  be  the 

P  >af« 


ii4  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP's 

1636.  paftor  being  very  unfldlful  in  church  matters,  and  thofe 
who  were  to  be  members,  not  fit  for  fuch  a  work  :  at  laft 
fix  were  accepted  with  Mr.  Whiting,  but  with  much 
ado. 

A  commiflion  was  fent  out  of  the  Chancery  in  England 
to  fome  private  men  here  to  examine  witneffes  in  a  caufe 
depending  here,  but  nothing  was  done  in  it,  nor  any  re- 
turn made. 

Two  (hips  arrived  here  from  London,  and  one  a 
week  before.  They  were  full  of  paffengers,  men  women 
and  children.  One  of  them  had  been  from  London  26 
•weeks,  and  between  land  and  land  16  weeks,  the  other 
two  fomething  lefs  time,  their  beer  all  fpent  and  leaked 
out  a  month  before  their  arrival,  fo  as  they  were  forced 
to  {linking  water  (and  that  very  Itttle)  mixt  with  facke 
or  vinegar,  and  their  other  provifions  very  fhort  and  bad, 
yet  thro*  the  great  providence  of  the  Lord  they  came  all 
fafe  on  fhore,  and  moft  of  them  found,  and  well  liking, 
They  had  continual  tempefis.  and  when  they  were  near 
the  fhore  (being  brought  two  or  three  days  with  a  flrong- 
er  eaft  wind)  theVeather  was  fo  thick  all  that  time  that 
they  could  not  make  land,  and  the  feamen  were  in  great 
perplexity  when  on  a  fudden  the  fog  cleared,  fo  as  they 
faw  Cape  Anne  fair  on  their  (larboard  bow,  and  prefent- 
ly  grew  thick  again,  yet  by  their  conipafs  they  made  their 
harbour.  There  were  aboard  that  fhip  two  godly  mini- 
flers,  Mr.  Nathaniel  Rogers  and  Mr.  Partridge,  and  many 
good  people  in  that  and  the  other  (hips,  and  we  had  pray- 
ed earneftly  for  them,  for  a  fmall  pinnace  of  30  tons 
which  came  out  with  them,  and  wascomein  three  weeks 
feefore^brought  us  news  of  their  coming.  In  one  of  the 
other  (hips  the  paffengers  had  but  ^  pint  of  drink  fora 
day  fourteen  days  together,  yet  thro'  the  Lord's  mercy 
did  all  well.  One  of  the  fhips  was  overfet  in  the  night ; 
bv  a  fudden  gufl,  and  lay  fo  half  an  hour,  yet  righted 
of  herfelf. 

Cattle  Were  grown  to  high  rates,  a  good  cow  ^.25  or'| 
j£\3O— a  pair  of  bulls  or  oxen  £  .qo — Corn  was  near  at  §fj 
the    bufhcl,  and   much  rie  was  fown  with  the  plow  thisl 
year,  for  about  30  plows  were  at  work.     Board  was   at 
9  and  lo/the  C. — carpenters  at  3/the  day  and  other  work 
accordingly. 

Things  went  not  well  at  Connecticut,  their  cattle  did; 
many  of  them,  caft  their  ycung,  as  they  had  done  the  year 
before.  • 

Mo: 


JOURNAL.  115 

Mons'r.  D'Aulney  Captain  of  Penobfcott  or  Pentagonett      1636. 

returned  anfwer  to  the  Governor's  letter,wherein  he  pro-  v *-— J 

f'effed  that  they  claimed  no  further  than  to  Pemaquid,  nor 
•would,  unlefs  he  had  further  order  ;  and  that  he  fuppof- 
ed  that  the  caufe  why  he  had  no  order  &c.  was,  that  the 
Englifh  embaflador  had  dealt  effectually  xvith  the  Cardi- 
nal of  France  for  fettling  the  limits  for  our  peace. 

The  Governor  Mr.  Vane,  a  wile  and  godly  gentleman 
held  with  Mr.  Cotton  and  many  others,  the  indwelling 
of  the  perfon  of  the  Holy  Ghoft  in  a  believer,  and  went 
fo  far  beyond  the  reft,  as  to  maintain  a  perfonal  union 
with  the  Holy  Ghoft,  but  the  Deputy  with  the  paftor  and 
divers  others,  denied  both,  and  the  queftion  proceeded  fo 
far  by  difputation  in  writing,  for  the  peace  fake  of  the 
church,  which  all  were  tender  of,  as  at  length  they  could 
not  find  the  perfon  of  the  Holy  Ghoft  in  fcripture,  nor  in 
the  primitive  churches  300  years  after  Chrift,  fo  that  all 
agreeing  in  the  chief  matter  of  fubftance,  viz.  That  the 
Holy  Ghoft  is  God,  and  that  he  doth  dwell  in  the  believ- 
ers, as  the  father  and  fon  both  arefaid  alfotodo,  but  whe- 
ther by  his  gifts  and  power  only,  or  by  any  other  manner 
of  prefence,  feeing  the  fcripture  doth  not  declare  it,  it  was 
earneftly  defired  that  the  word  perfon  might  be  forborn, 
being  a  term  of  human  invention,  and  tending  to  doubtful 
difputation  in  this  cafe. 

The  Governor  receiving  letters  from  his  friends  in  Eng-  i  ober, 
land  which  necefTarily  required  his  prefence  there,  im- 
parted the  fame  to  the  Council  and  fome  others,  and  be- 
ing thereupon  refolved  of  his  return  into  England,  called 
a  court  of  deputies,  to  the  end  he  might  have  free  leave 
of  the  country  &c.  They  being  affembled  in  court,  and 
himfelf  declaring  the  neceffiry  of  his  departure,  and  thofe 
of  the  council  affirming  the  reafons  to  be  very  urgent., 
tho'  not  fit  to  be  imparted  to  the  whole  couft,  they. de- 
fired  refpite  to  confider  thereof  'till  the  morning,  when 
one  of  the  afliftants  ufmg  fome  pathetical  paffages  of  the 
lofs  of  fuch  a  Governor  in  a  time  of  fuch  danger  as  did 
hang  over  us,  from  the  Indians  and  French,  the  Govern- 
or brake  forth  into  tears,  and  profefled  that  howfoever 
the  caufes  propounded  for  his  departure  were  fuch  as  did 
concern  the  utter  ruin  of  his  outward  eftate,  yet  he  would 
rather  have  hazarded  all,  than  have  gone  from  them  at 
this  time,  if  fomething  elfe  had  not  preffed  him  more,  viz. 
the  inevitable  danger  he  faw  of  God's  judgments  to  come 
upon  us  for  thofe  differences  and  diifcnftoAS  which  he, 

faw 


n6  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1636.      faw  amongft  us,  aridthefcandalous  imputation  brought  up- 

v v '  on  himfelf,  as  if  he  ihould  be  the  caufe  of  all ;   and  there-? 

}ober.  fore  he  thought  it  bell  for  him  to  give  place  for  a  time  &c. 
Upon  this  the  court  concluded  thar  it.  would  not  be  fit  to 
give  way  to  his  departure  upon  thofe  grounds.  Where- 
upon he  recalled  hirafelf,  and  profelfed  that  the  reafons 
concerning  his  own  eftate  were  fufTv.ient  to  his  own  fa- 
tisfa&ion  for  his  departure,  and  therefore  deiired  the 
court  he  might  have  leave  to  go.  As  for  the  other 
paffage,  it  (lipped  him  out  of  his  paflion,  and  not  out  of 
judgment.  Upon  this  the  court  contented  filently  to  his 
departure.  Then  the  queftion  was  about,  fupply  of  his 
place.  Some  were  of  opinion  that  it  fhould  be  executed 
by  the  deputy,  but  this  fcruple  being  caft  in,  that  if  the 
deputy  fhould  die,  then  the  government  would  be  vacant, 
and  none  have  power  to  call  any  court,  or  prelide  there- 
in &c.  it  was  agreed  to  call  a  £ourt  of  election  for  a  new 
Governor  and  Deputy,  in  the  cafe  the  prefent  Deputy 
fhould  be  chofen  Governor,  and  an  order  was  made  (in 
regard  ©f  the  feafon)  that  fuch  as  would,  might  fend  their 
votes  by  proxy,  in  papers  fealed  up  and  delivered  to  the 
deputies,  and  fo  this  court  was  adjourned  four  days,  and 
two  days  after  the  court  of  eleftion  was  to  aifemble. 
Thefe  things  thus  palled,  divers  of  the  congregation  of 
Bofton  met  together,  and  agreed  that  they  did  not  appre- 
hend the  necefnty  of  the  Governor's  departure  upon  the 
reafons  alledged,  and  fent  fome  of  them  to  declare  the 
fame  to  the  court,  whereupon  the  Governor  expreffed 
himfelf  to  be  an  obedient  child  to  the  church,  and  there- 
fore notwithstanding  the  licence  of  the  court,  yet  without 
the  leave  of  the  church  he  durft  not  go  away.  Where- 
upon a  great  part  of  the  court  and  country  who  under- 
ftood  thereof,  declared  their  purpofe  to  continue  him  ftill 
in  his  place,  and  therefore  fo  foon  as  the  day  of  eleftion. 
came,  and  the  country  were  affembled,  it  was  thought  the 
beft  wav  for  avoiding  trouble  &c.  not  to  proceed  to  elec-  ' 
tion.  but  to  adjourn  the  court  to  the  great  general  court  in 
May.  and  fo  the  court  of  deputies  continued  ftill,  for  the 
Other  court  was  not  called. 

At  this  court  tiie  eiders  of  the  churches  were  called  to 
advife  with  them  about  dH-continuing  and  pacifying  the 
differences  among  the  churches  in  points  of  opinion. 
The  Governor  having  declared  the  occafion  to  them,  Mr. 
Dudlev  denred  that  men  would  be  free  and  open  &c.  An- 
otiaer  of  the  magistrates  fpake,  that  it  would  much  further 

the 


JOURNAL. 


117 


the  end  they  came  for,  if  men  would  freely  declare  what  1636. 
they  held  different  from  others,  as  himfelf  would  freely 
do,  in  what  point  foever  he  fhould  be  oppofed.  The  Go- 
vernor faid  that  he  would  be  content  to  do  the  like,  but 
that  he  underftood  the  minifters  wer-:  about  it  in  a  church 
way,  which  he  fpake  upon  this  occafion  the  minifters  had 
met  a  little  before,  and  had  drawn  into  heads  all  the  points 
wherein  they  fufpefted  Mr.  Cotton  did  differ  from  them, 
and  had  propounded  them  to  him,  and  prefled  him  to  a 
direct  anfweraff:  or  neg :  to  every  one,  which  he  had 
promifed  and  taken  time  for.  This  meeting  being  fpoken 
of  in  the  court  the  day  before,  the  Governor  took  great 
offence  at  it,  as  being  without  his  privity,  which  this  day 
Mr.  Peters  told  him  as  protimely  of,  with  all  due  rever- 
ence, and  how  it  had  facMened  the  minifters  fpirits  that 
he  fhould  bejealeus  of  their  meetings,  or  feem  to  reftrain 
their  liberty.  The  Governor  excufed  his  fpeech  as  fud- 
denlandupon  a  miftake.  Mr.  Peters  told  him  alfo,  that 
within  lefs  than  two  years  fince  the  churches  were  in 
peace.  The  Governor  anfwered,  that  the  liberty  of  the 
gofpel  brings  a  fword,  and  the  children  of  the  bondwo- 
men would  perfecute  thofe  of  the  free  woman.  Mr.  Pe- 
ters alfo  befought  him  humbly  to  confider  his  hafty  and 
fhort  experience  in  the  things  of  God,  and  to  beware  of 
peremptory  conclufioris,  which  he  perceived  him  to  be 
very  apt  unto.  He  declared  further,  that  he  had  obferv- 
ed  both  in  the  low  countries  and  here,  three  principal 
caufes  of  new  opinions  and  divifions  thereupon,  i. 
Pride — new  notions  lift  up  the  mind  &c.  2.  Idlenefs.  3. 
Mr.  Wilfon  made  a  very  fad  fpeech  of  the  condition  of 
our  churches,  and  the  invoidable  danger  of  feparation  if 
thofe  differences  and  alienations  among  brethren  were 
not  fpeedily  remedied,  and  laid  the  blame  upon  thofe  new 
opinions  rifen  up  amongft  us,  which  all  the  magiftrates 
except  the  Governor  and  two  others  did  confirm,  and  all 
the  minifters  but  two.  In  this  difcourfe  two  queftions 
arofe  about  fanftification.  Mr.  Cotton  in  his  fermon  that 
day  had  laid  down  this  ground,  that  evident  fan&ification 
was  an  evidence  of  juftification,  and  hereupon  had  taught 
that  in  cafes  offpecial  defertion,  true  de fires  of  fanftifi- 
cation  was  found  to  be  fanftification,  and  further,  if  a 
man  were  laid  fo  flat  upon  the  ground  as  he  could  fee  no 
defires,  but  only  as  a  bruifed  reed  did  wait  at  the  feet  of 
Chrift,  yet  here  was  matter  of  comfort,  for  this  was  found 
to  be  true  The  queftion  here  grew  whether  any  of 

thefe 


8  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1636.     thefe,  or  evident  fan&ification  could  be  evidence  to  a  man 
* — J  without  a  concurrent  light  of  his  juftification.     TheGo- 

icber.    vernor  and  Mr.  Cottton  denied  it. 

The  fpeech  of  Mr.  Wilfon  was  taken  very  ill  by  Mr. 
Cotton  an4  ethers  of  the  fame  church,  fo  as  he  and  divers 
of  them  went  to  admonilh  him.  But  Mr.  Wilfon  and 
ibme  others,  could  fee  no  breach  of  rule  feeing  he  was 
called  by  the  court  about  the  fame  matter  with  the  reft  of 
the  elders,  and  expected  to  deliver  their  minds  freely  and 
faithfully  both  for  difcovering  the  danger  and  the  means 
to  help  ;  and  the  things  he  fpake  of  were  only  in  general 
and  fuch  as  were  under  a  common  form  :  And  being 
queftioned  about  his  intent,  he  profeffed  he  did  not  mean 
Boflon  church  nor  the  members  thereof,  more  than 
others.  But  this  would  not  fatisfy,  but  they  called  him 
to  anfwer  publickly ;  and  then  the  Governor  preffed  it 
violently  againfthim,  and  all  the  congregation  except  the 
deputy  and  one  or  two  more,  many  of  them  with  much 
bitternefs  and  reproaches  ;  but  he  anfwered  them  all  with 
words  of  truth  and  fobernefs,  and  with  marvellous  wif- 
dom.  It  was  ftrange  to  fee  how  the  common  people  were 
led  by  example  to  condemn  him  in  that  which  it  was  ve- 
ry probable  divers  of  them  did  not  underftand,  nor  the 
rule  which  he  was  fuppofed  to  have  broken,  and  that  fuch 
as  had  known  him  fo  long,  and  what  good  he  had  done 
for  that  church,  {hould  fall  upon  him  with  fuch  bitter- 
nefs for  juflifying  himfelf  in  a  good  caufe  :  For  he  was  a 
very  holy  upright  man,  and  for  faith  and  love  inferior  to 
none  in  the  country,  and  mod  dear  to  all  men.  The 
teacher  joined  with  the  church  in  their  judgment  of  him, 
not  without  fome  appearance  of  prejudice,  yet  with  much 
wifdom  and  moderation.  They  were  eager  to  proceed 
to  prefent  cenfure,  but  the  teacher  {laid  them  from  that, 
telling  them  he  might  not  do  it  becaufe  fome  oppofcd  it, 
but  gave  him  a  grave  exhortation. 

One  Mr.  Glover  of  Dorchefter  having  laid  6olb.  of  gun- 
powder in  bags  to  dry  in  the  end  of  his  chimney,  it  took 
fire,  and  fome  of  it  went  up  the  chimney,  other  of  it  filled 
the  room  and  pafled  out  at  a  door  into  another  room  and 
blew  up  a  gable  end.  A  maid  which  was  in  the  room, 
having  her  arms  and  neck  naked,  was  fcorched,  and  died 
foon  after  :  a  little  child  in  the  arms  of  another  was 
fcorched  upon  the  face,  but  not  killed ;  two  men  were 
fcorched,  but  not  much.  Divers  pieces  which  lay  charg- 
ed in  feveral  places,  took  fire  ana  went  off,  but  did  no 

harm. 


J    O    U    R    N    A    L.  ii9 

harm.  The  room  was  fo  dark  with  fmoke  as  thofe  in  the 
houfe  could  neither  find  door  nor  window,  and  when 
neighbours  came  in  none  could  fee  each  other  a  good 
time  for  fmoak.  The  houfe  was  thatched,  yet  took  not 
fire,  yet  when  the  fmoak  was  gone,  many  things  were 
found  burnt.  Another  great  providence  was,  three  little 
children  being  at  the  fire  a  little  before,  they  went  out  to 
play,  tho'  it  were  a  very  cold  day,  and  fo  were  preferv- 
ed. 

The  next  day  Mr.  Wilfon  preached,  notwith  {landing, 
and  the  Lord  fo  a  {lifted  him  as  gave  great  fatisfa&ion,  and 
the  Governor  himfelf  gave  public  witnefs  to  him. — One 
of  the  brethren  wrote  to  Mr.  Cotton  about  it,  and  laid 
before  him  divers  failings,  (as  he  fuppofed)  and  fome  rea- 
fons  to  juftify  Mr.  Wilion,  and  dealt  very  plainly  witk 
him.  Mr.  Cotton  made  a  very  long  and  gentle  anfwer* 
clearing  his  intentions,  and  perfifting  in  his  judgment  of 
Mr.  Wilfon's  offence,  laying  down  divers  arguments  for 
it.  The  faid  brother  replied  to  him  in  like  loving  man- 
ner, and  defired  leave  to  fhew  his  letter  to  Mr.  Wilfon^ 
which  he  readily  aflented  unto,  but  for  anfwer  to  his  ar- 
guments he  forbore  to  reply  to  Mr.  Cotton,  becaufe  he 
was  overburdened  with  bufmefs,  but  wrote  to  the  two 
ruling  elders,  whom  the  matter  moft  concerned,  and  by 
way  of  defence  of  Mr.  Wilfon,  anfwered  all  Mr.  Cottons 
arguments. 

Upon  thefe  public  occafions,  other  opinions  brake  out  ii  Mo. 
publicly  in  the  church  of  Bofton— as  that  the  Holy  Ghoft 
dwelt  in  a  believer  as  he  is  in  heaven  :  that  a  man  is  jufti- 
fied  before  he  believes,  and  that  faith  is  no  caufe  of  jufti- 
fication.  Others  fpread  more  fee retly  ;  as  that  the  letter 
of  the  fci  ipture  holds  forth  nothing  but  a  covenant  of 
works,  and  that  the  covenant  of  grace  was  the  fpiritof  the 
fcripture,  which  was  known  only  to  [believers,  and  that 
this  covenant  of  works  was  given  by  Mofes  in  the  tenth 
commandment.  That  there  was  a  feed  (viz.  Abraham's 
carnal  feed)  went  along  in  this,  and  there  was  a  fpirit  and 
lite  in  it,  by  virtue  whereof,  a  man  might  attain  to  any 
fan£lification  in  gifts  and  graces,  and  might  have  fpecial 
and  communion  with  Jefus  Chrift,  and  yet  be 

damned.  After  it  was  granted  that  faith  was  before  juf- 
ftification,  but  it  was  only  paflive,  an  empty  veffel  &c  ; 
but  in  conclufion.the  ground  of  all  was  found  to  be  af- 
furance  by  immediate  revelation.  All  the  congregation 
of  Bofton,  except  four  or  five,  clofed  with  thcfe  opinions 

or 


120  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1636.       or  the  moft  of  them.     But  one  of  the  brethren  wrote  a- 

^— — v '  gainft  them,  and  bore  \vitnefs  to  the  truth,  together  with 

the  paftorj  and  very  few  others  joined  with  them. 

About  this  time  the  reft  of  the  minifters,  taking  offence 
at  fome  doctrines  delivered  by  Mr.  Cotton,  and  efpecial- 
ly  at  fome  opinions  which  fome  of  his  church  did  broach, 
and  for  that  he  feemed  to  have  too  good  an  opinion  of, 
and  too  much  familiarity  with  thofe  perfons.  drew  out 
fixteen  points,  and  gave  them  to  him,  intreating  him  to 
deliver  his  judgment  direcily  in  them,  which  accordingly 
he  did,  and  many  copies  thereof  were  difperfed  about. 
Some  doubts  he  well  cleared,  but  in  fome  things  he  gave 
not  fatisfa&ion.  The  reft  of  the  minifters  replied  to  thefe 
anfwers,  and  at  large  {hewed  their  diflent,  and  the  grounds 
thereof ;  and  at  the  next  general  court  held  the  gth  of  the 
ift.  they  all  affembled  at  Bofton,  and  agreed  to  put  off  all 
lectures  for  three  weeks,  that  they  might  bring  things  to 
an  ifiue. 

12  Mo.  S2  The  Lieut,  at  Say-brook,  at  the  mouth  of  Connecticut 
river,  going  out  with  nine  men,  armed  with  fwords  and 
pieces,  they  ftarted  three  Indians  whom  they  purfued  'till 
they  were  brought  into  an  ambufh  of  50,  who  came  upon 
them  and  flew  four  of  their  men,  and  had  they  not  drawn 
their  fwords  and  retired  they  had  been  all  flain.  The  In- 
dians were  fo  hardy  as  they  came  clofe  up  to  them  not- 
withftandjng  their  pieces. 

Capt,  Turner's  houfe  in  Sagus  took  fire  by  an  oven  a- 
bout  midnight,  and  was  burnt  down  with  all  that  was  in 
it,  fave  the  perfons.  About  14  days  fince  a  (hip  called 
the  George  oPBriftol,  laden  with  cattle  and  paflengers, 
having  been  fome  time  at  the  Weftern  Iflands,  and  having 
fpent  her  main  maft  about  Cape  Cod,  and  after,  came 
near  Brewfter's  liland,  was  by  N.W.  wind  forced  to  put 
into  Plimouth. 

i  Mo.  20  A  general  faft  was  kept  in  all  the  churches.  The  oc- 
cafion  was  themiferable  eftate  of  the  churches  in  Germa- 
ny ;  the  calamities  upon  our  native  country  ;  the  bifhops 
making  havock  in  the  churches,  and  putting  down  the 
faithful  minifters;  and  advancing  popifh  ceremonies  and 
doftrines  :  the  plague  raging  exceedingly,  and  famine  and 
fword  threatning  them  ;  the  dangers  of  thofe  at  Connec- 
ticut, and  of  ourieles  alfo  by  the  Indians,  and  the  diffen- 
tions  in  our  churches.  *;  • 

The  differences  in  the  faid  points  of  religion  increafed 
more  and  more,  and  the  minifters  of  both  fides  (there 

being 


JOURNAL;  ia 

I 

being  only  Mr.  Cotton  of  one  part)  did   pubiickly  d$-      1636. 
dare  their  judgment   in   fome   of  them,  fo   as  all  men's  v~ — y-— 
mouths  were  full  of  them  ;  and  there  being  a  {hip  ready 
to  go    for  England,  and    many  paflengers  in  it,  Mr.  Cot- 
ton took  occaiion  to   fpeak  to   them   about  the  differenr 
ces  &c.  and  willed  them  to  tell  our  court n  men,  that  ail 
the   ftrife  amongft  us  was  about  magnifying  the  grace  of 
God  ;   one  part    ieeking  to   .     '  he    gnce   of   Cod 

•within  us,  and  the  other  to  adv.  .<.-.  ir-e  grace  of  God 
towards  us  (meaning  by  the  one  j  .(tincaiicn^  and  by  t.he 
Other  fanciification)  and  fo  bade  I!M.  «r.  c.:ii  them,  ihat  if 
there  were  any  among  them  that  would  g^tc, 

they  fhould  come  hither,  and  fo  declared  fo -ne  p.u  ticu- 
lars.  Mr.  Wilfon  fpake  after  him,  and  declared  that  he 
knew  none  of  the  elders  or  bi^thr<:.n  oi'  the  churches,  but 
did  labour  to  advance  the  free  grace  of  God  in  juftifica- 
tion,fo  far  as  the  word  of  God  required,  and  i\  ake  alfo 
about  the  doctrine  of  fanciification.  and  the  uic  and  ner 
ccflity  of  it  ;  by  occafion  whereof,  no  man  could  tell 
(except  fome  few  who  knew  the  bottom  of  the  matter) 
where  any  difference  was  :  which  fpeec.h,  tho'  it  offend- 
ed thofe  of  Mr.  Cotton's  part,  yet  it  was  very  feafonable 
to  clear  the  reft,  who  otherwife  fhould  have  been  reput- 
ed to  have  oppofed  free  grace.  Thus  every  occafion  in- 
creafed  the  contention,  and  caufed  great  alienation  of 
minds  ;  and  the  members  of  Bofton  (frequenting  the  lec- 
tures of  other  miniftcrs)  did  make  much  difturbance  by 
public  queftions,  and  objections  to  their  doctrines  which 
did  any  way  difagree  from  their  opinions.  And  it  began 
to  be  as  common  here  to  diftinguifh  between  men,  by  be- 
'ing  under  a  covenant  of  grace  or  a  covenant  of  works, 
as  in  other  countries  between  proteftants  and  papifts. 

A  map  of  Weymouth  (but  not  of  the  church)  fell  into  Feb.  6 
fome  trouble  of  mind,  and  in  the  night  cried  out,  *'  Art 
thoucome  Lord  Jefus,"  and  with  that  leaped  Out  of  his 
bed  in  his  fhirt,  and  breaking  from  his  wife,  leaped  out 
at  a  high  window  into  the  (now,  and  ran  about  feven 
mile*  off,  and  being  tracked  in  the  fnow,  was  found  dead 
hext  morning.  They  might  perceive  that  he  had  kneel- 
ed down  to  prayer  in  divers  places. 

The  General  Court  began.     When  any   matter  about    i.  q; 
the  new  opinions  was  mentioned,   the  court  was  divid- 
ed ;  yet  the  greater  number  far  were  found.     They  quef- 
tionedthe  proceeding  againft  Mr.  Wilion,  for  his  fpeech 
in  the  laft  court,  but  could  not  faften  upon  fuch  as  had 

Q  pre- 


122  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1636.      prejudiced  him,  but  by  the  vote  of  the   greater  part,  his 

N— v J  fpeech  was   approved,   and   declared  to  have  been  a  fea- 

fonable  advice,  and  no  charge  or  aceufation.  The  rni- 
,  nifters  being  called  to  give  advice  about  the  authority  of 
the  court  in  things  concerning  the  churches  &c.  did  all 
agree  of  thefe  two 'things,  i.  That  no  member  of  the 
court  ought  to  be  publicly  queftioned  by  a  church  for  any 
fpeech  in  the  court,  without  the  licence  of  the  court. 
The  reafon  was,  becaufe  the  court  may  have  fufficient  rea- 
fon  that  may  excufe  the  fin,  which  yet  may  not  be  fit  to  ac- 
quaint the  church  with,  being  a  fecret  of  ftate.  The  fe- 
cond  thing  was,  That  in  all  fuch  herefies  or  errors  of  any 
church  member  as  are  manifeft  and  dangerous  to  the  (late, 
the  court  may  proceed  without  tarrying  for  the  church, 
but  if  the  opinions  be  doubtful  &c.  they  are  firft  to  refer 
them  to  the  church. 

At  this  court  when  Mr.  Wheelwright  was  to  be  quef- 
tioned for  a  fermon  which  feemed  to  tend  to  fedition  &c. 
near  all  the  church  of  Bofton  prefented  a  petition  to  the 
court  for  two  things,  i.  That  as  freemen  they  might  be 
prefent  in  cafes  of  judicature.  2.  That  the  court  would 
declare  if  they  might  deal  in  cafes  of  confcience,  before  the 
church.  This  was  taken  as  a  groundlefs  and  prefump- 
tuous  aft,  efpecially  at  this  feafon,  and  was  rejected  with 
this  anfwer — That  the  court  had  never  ufed  to  proceed, 
but  it  was  openly: — but  for  matter  of  confultation  and 
preparation  in  caufes,they  might,  and  would  be  private. 

One  Stephen  Green  for  faying  that  all  the  miniliers 
except  A.  B.  C.  did  teach  a  covenant  of  works,  was 
cenfured  to  acknowledge  his  fault  in  every  church,  and 
fined  £40* 

Mr.   Wheelwright  one  of  the    members  of  Bofton, 
preaching  at  the  laft  faft,  enveighed  againft  all  that  walk- 
ed in  a  covenant  of  works,  as  he  defcribed  it,  viz.  fuch  as 
maintain  faiaftification  as  an  evidence  of  juftification  &c. 
and  called  them    antichriftians,   and  ftirred  the   people 
againft  them  with  much  bicternefs  and  vehemence.     For 
this  he  was  called  before  the  court,  and  his  fermon  being 
produced,  he  juftified  it,  and   confeffed  he   did  mean  alo 
that  walk  in  fueh  a  way.     Whereupon  the  elders  of  thdp 
reft  of  the  churches  were  called,  and  afked  whether  they 
in  their  miniftry  did  walk  in  fuch  a  way.     They  all  ac-< 
knowledged  they  did,   fo   after  much  debate,  the  court;  | 
adjudged  him  guilty  of  fedition,  and  alfo  of  contempt,  for 
that  the  court  had  appointed  the  faft  as  a  means  of  recon- 
ciliation 


JOURNAL.  123 

ciliation  of  the  differences  &c.  and  he  purpofely  fet  him-  1636. 
felf  to  kindle  and  increafe  them.  The  Governor  and 
fomet  few  more  who  diffented,  tendred  a  proteftation, 
which  becaufe  it  wholly  juftined  Mr.  Wilfon,  and  con- 
demned the  proceedings  of  the  court,  was  rejected.  The 
church  of  Bofton  alfo  tendred  a  petition  in  his  behalf, 
juftifying  Mr.  Wheelwright's  fermon.  The  court  de- 
ferred fentence  'till  the  next  court,  and  advifed  with  the 
minifters  whether  they  might  injoin  his  fentence.  They 
anfwered  that  they  were  not  clear  in  that  point,  but  de- 
fired  rather  that  he  might  be  commended  to  the  church 
of  Bofton  to  take  care  of  him,  which  accordi»  gly  was 
done,  and  he  injoined  to  appear  at  the  next  court.  Much 
he^t  of  contention  was  this  court  between  the  oppofite 
panics,  fo  as  it  was  moved  that  the  next  court  might  be 
kept  at  Newtown.  The  Governor  refuied  to  put  it  to 
the  vote  ;  the  Deputy  was  loth  to  doit  except  the  court 
would  require  him,  becaufe  he  dwelt  in  Bofton,  fo  the 
court  put  it  to  Mr.  Endicott. 

Miaatonomoh  &c.  fent  26,   with  40  fathom  of  warn-    2i 
pom  and  a  Pequod's  hand.     We  gave  four   of  the  chief 
facherns  a  coat  of  io.y"price,   and   defeired   to  return  our 
prefent  'till  after,  according  to  their  manner. 

Thofe  of  Connecticut  returned  anfwer  to  our  public 
letters,  wherein  they  fhewed  themfelves  unfatisfied  about  Mo. 
our  former  expedition  againft  the  Pequods,  and  their  ex- 
pectation of  a  further  profecution  of  the  war,  to  which 
they  offer  to  fend  men,  and  lignify  their  unprepardnefs 
to  declare  themfelves  in  the  matter  of  government,  in  re- 
gard of  their  engagement  to  attend  the  anfwer  of  the  gen- 
tlemen of  Say-brook  about  the  fame  matter. 

Capt.  Underbill  was  fent  to  Say-brook  with  20  men  to  10 
keep  the  fort,  both  in  refpeft  of  the  Indians,  and  efpe- 
cially  of  the  Dutch,  who  by  their  fpeeches  andfupplics 
out  of  Holland,  gave  occafion  of  fufpicion  that  they  had 
fome  defign  upon  it.  The  men  were  fent  at  the  charge 
of  the  gentlemen  of  Say-brook,  and  lent  by  order  of  the 
council  here,  for  fear  any  advantage  ftiould  be  taken  by 
the  adverle  party,  thro*  the  weaknefs  of  the  place. 

The  church  of  Concord  kept  a  day  of  humiliation  at  6 
Newtown,  for  ordination  of  their  elders,  and  they  chofe 
Mr.  Bulkley  teacher  and  Mr.  Jones  paftor.  Upon  a 
queftion  moved  by  one  fent  from  the  church  of  Salem, 
it  was  refolved  by  the  minifters  there  prefent,  that  fuch 
as  had  been  minifters  in  England,  were  lawful  minifters 

by 


124  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP's 

by  the call  of  the  people  there,  notwithftanding  their  ac~ 
o*  the  call  of  the  bifhops  &c,  (for  which    they 
hurr  r-.M«'es,  acknowledging  it.  their  fin)  but  he- 

ing  come  l»ir?»e».  they  accounted  then\f elves  no  miltifters, 
until  :hey  v.-ere^  called  by  another  church,  and  that  upon 
el'- :*  ion  they  were  minifters  before  they  were  folemnly 
ordained. 

The  Governor  and  Mr.  Cotton,  and  Mr.  Wheelwright 
and  the  two  ruling  elders  of  Bofton,  and  the  reft  of  that 
church  xvhich  were  of  any  note,  did  none  of  them  come 
to  this  meeting,  The  reafon  was  conceived  to  be,  be- 
raufe  they  accounted  thefe  as  legal  preachers,  and  there- 
fore would  rot  give  approbation  to  their  ordination. 

28  Beincr  about  full  moon,  about  10  of  the  clock  in  the 
evening  in  a  clear  fky,  a  perfeft  moon  was  feen  about  a 
flight  (hot  Northerly  from  the  true  moon.  It  was  feen 
Jo  about  half  an  hour,  and  then  vanifhed  with  dim  flafh- 
ings  :  it  was  more  dim  than  the  true  moon. 

a.  Mr.  Haynes  one  of  our  magiftrates,  removed  with  his 
family  to  Connecticut.  We  received  a  letter  from  him 
and  others  being  thsn  at  Say-brook,  that  the  Peauods  had 
been  up  the  river  at  Wethersfield,  and  had  killed  fix  men, 
being  at  their  work,  and  20  cows  and  a  mare,  and  had 
killed  three  women,  and  carried  away  two  maids. 

Mr.  Winflow  was  fent  from  the  Governor  and  Coun- 
cil of  Pliraouth  to  treat  with  us  about  joining  againft  the 
Pequods.  He  fignified  firft  their  willingnefs  to  aid  us, 
but  that  they  could  not  do  any  thing  'till  their  general 
court,  which  was  not  'till  the  firft  tuefday  in  the  4th 
month.  Then  he  made  fome  objections,  as  i.  Our  refu- 
fal  to  aid  them  againft  the  French.  2.  Our  people's 
trading  at  Kenebeck.  c>.  The  injury  offered  them  at 
Connecticut  by  thofe  ©f  Windfor  in  taking  away  their 
land  there.  4.  Their  own  poverty  and  our  ability  which 
needed  not  any  help  from  Th*vn..  To  this  anfwer  was 
made  by  our  Governor  and  Deputy,  That  i,  we  did  not 
defire  them  to  afford  aid  unto  us,  but  to  join  againft  the 
common  enemy,  who  if  he  were  not  fubdued,  would  prove 
as  daragerous  to  them  as  to  us,  and  he  prevailing,  would 
Ci'-ufe  all  the  Indians  in  the  couirtry  to  join  to  root  out 
^11  the  Englifh.  2.  For  our  refufal  to  aid  them  againft 
the  French,  the  cafe  was  not  alike,  for  it  was  their  pri- 
vate quarrel,  and  they  were  fuppofed  to  have  commiffion 
from  the  King  of  France,  and  we  thought  it  no  wifdom 
for  us  to  engage  ourfelves  in  a  war  with  the  King  of 

France, 


• 


JOURNAL.  125 

France.  For  our  people's  trading  at  Kenebeck  we  an-  1637. 
fwered,  That  we  gave  no  allowance  to  it,  nor  had  we 
heard  of  more  than  a  boat  or  two  that  had  been  there. 
For  the  injury  done  them  at  Connecticut,  we  had  dealt 
with  them  to  give  fatisfa&ion,  but  it  was  not  in  our  pow- 
er to  do  them  juftice  in  it.  They  alledg'd  alfo  that  this 
war  did  not  concern  them,  feeing  the  Pequods  had  not 
killed  any  of  theirs.  We  anfwered,  that  Capt.  Stone  &c. 
for  which  this  war  was  begun,  were  none  of  ours  neither. 
They  alledged  further,  that  in  our  firft  undertaking,  they 
were  not  acquainted  with  it  'till  two  or  three  days  before 
our  forces  were  to  go  forth.  We  anfwered,  we  intended 
at  thefirft.  to  fend  only  to  Block  IfUnd,  and  for  that  we 
thought  if  not  needful  to  trouble  them,  and  our  fending 
them  thence  to  the  Pequods,  was  with  hope  to  draw  them 
to  parley,  and  fo  to  fome  quiet  end.  We  concluded  to 
write  further  to  them  from  oar  next  court.  And  where- 
as they  propounded  to  have  us  promife  to  aid  them  in  all 
their  occafions  <&c.  we  anfwered,  That  feeing  when  we 
now  treated  with  them  about  joining  with  us,  they  were 
at  liberty  and  might  withold,  except  they  Taw  reafon  to 
move  them,  fo  we  defired  to  be  left  free,  that  we  might 
judge  of  the  reafon  of  any  fuch  eccafion  as  might  fall  out. 
According  hereunto  we  wrote  to  them  the  2Oth  of  the  <jd 
month,  and  gave  them  fome  confederations  why  they 
ihould  join  with  us.  As  i.  Becaufe  if  we  fhould  be  over- 
come, it  would  coft  them  more  to  help  us,  and  be  lefs  ac- 
ceptable. 2.  If  we  fhould  prevail  without  them,  it  would 
occafion  ill  thoughts  in  our  people  towards  theirs  &c.  fo 
we  left  it  to  them. 

Our  court  of  elections  was  at'Newtown.  So  foon  as  17 
the  court  was  fet,  being  about  one  of  the  clock,  a  petiton 
was  preferred  by  thofe  of  Bofton.  The  Governor  would 
have  read  it,  but  the  Deputy  faid  it  was  out  of  order,  it 
was  a  court  of  elections,  and  thofe  muft  firft  be  difpatch- 
ed.and  then  their  petitions  ihould  be  heard.  Divers  others 
alfo  oppofed  that  courfe  as  an  ill  precedent,  and  the  peti- 
tion being  about  pretence  of  liberty  &c.  (tho*  intended 
chiefly  for  revoking  the  fentence  given  againft  Mr. 
Wheelwright)  would  have  fpent  all  the  day  in  debate, 
but  yet  the  Governor  and  thofe  of  that  party  would  not 
proceed  to  election,  except  the  petition  were  read.  Much 
time  was  already  Ipent  about  this  debate,  and  the  people 
crying  out  for  election,  it  was  moved  by  the  Deputy  that 
the  people  fhould  divide  themfelves,  and  the  greater  num- 
ber 


J26  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1637.  ber  muft  carry  it,  and  fo  it  was  done,  and  the  greater  num- 
v  v  n'  ber  by  much  were  for  election.  But  the  Governor  and 
Mo.  3.  that  fide  kept  their  place  ftill,  and  would  not  proceed. 
Whereupon  the  Deputy  told  him,  that  if  he  would  not 
go  to  election,  he  and  the  reft  of  that  fide  would  proceed. 
Upon  that  he  came  from  his  company  and  they  went  to 
election,  and  Mr.  Winthrop  was  chofen  Governor,  Mr. 
Dudley  Deputy,  and  Mr.  Endicott  of  the  ftanding  coun- 
cil, and  Mr.  Ifrael  Sfoughton  and  Mr.  Richard  Salron- 
flall  were  called  in  to  be  affiftants.  and  Mr.  Vane.  Mr. 
Coddington  and  Mr.  Dummer  (being  all  of  the  faction) 
were  left  quite  out.  There  xvas  great  danger  of  a  tumult 
that  day,  for  thofe  of  that  (id«  grew  into  fierce  fpeeches, 
and  fome  laid  hands  on  others,  but  feeing  themfelves  too 
weak,  they  grew  quiet.  They  expected  a  great  advan- 
tage that  day,  becaufc  the  remote  towns  were  allowed  to 
come  in  by  proxy,  but  it  fell  out  that  there  were  enough 
befide.  But  if  it  had  been  otherwife,  they  muft  have  put 
in  their  deputies  as  other  towns  had  done,  for  all  matters 
befide  elections.  Bofton  having  deferred  to  choofe  de- 
pjities  'till  the  election  was  paiTed,  went  home  that  night, 
and  the  next  morning  they  fent  Mr.  Vane  the  late  Go- 
vernor and  Mr.  Coddington  and  Mr.  Hoffe  for  their  de- 
putiesj  but  the  court  being  grieved  at  it,  found  a  means 
to  fend  them  home  again,  for  that  two  of  the  freemen  of 
Bofton  had  not  notice  of  the  election.  So  they  went  all 
home,  and  the  next  morning  they  returned  the  fame  gen- 
tlemen again  upon  a  new  choice,  and  the  court  not  rind- 
ing how  they  might  reject  them,  they  were  admitted. 

Upon  the  election  of  the  new  Governor,  the  ferjeants 
which  had  attended  the  old  Governor  to  the  court  (be- 
ing all  Bofton  men,  where  the  new  Governor  alfo  dwelt) 
laid  down  their  halberds  and  went  home  ;  and  whereas 
they  had  been  wont  to  attend  the  former  Governor  to 
and  from  the  meetings  on  the  Lord's  davs,  they  gave  over 
BOW,  fo  as  the  new  Governor  was  fain  to  ufe  his  own 
fervants  to  carry  two  halberds  before  'him,  whereas  the 
former  Governor  had  never  lefs  than  four. 

Divers  writings  were  now  publifhed  about  thefe  differ-    * 
ences.     Among  the  reft   the  magiftrates   fent   forth    an  | 
apology  to  juftify    the  fentence  of  the  court  againft  Mra 
Wheelwright,  which  the  adverfe  party  had  much  oppof- 
cd  and   fpoken  evil   of,  and  did  alfo  fet  forth   a  remon- 
ftrance  to  that  end,  in   which  they   did!  not  deal   fairly, 
for  in  abreviating  Mr.  Wheelwright  his  fermon,  they 

clear 


JOURNAL.  12; 

clear  altered  both  the   words  and  the   meaning  of  fuch      1637. 

palfages  in  it  whereat   the  offence  was  taken,  and  whiclj  * vr— * 

were  the  ground    of  the  court's  lenience.     Mr.   Wheel-     Mo.  3, 
Wright  alfo   himfeif  let  fonh   a   fmall  treatife  about    the 
principal  doctrine  of  his  fermon,  viz.  about  the  Covenant  lv 

of  Grace,  which  was  alfo  differing  from  his  fermon.  The 
of '-'Cr  minifters  alfo  fetout  an  anfwer  to  his  fermon,  con- 
futing the  fame  by  many  ftrong  arguments.  Mr.  C  otton 
alfo  replied  to  their  anfwer  very  largely,  and  ftated  the 
differences  in  a  very  narrow  fkantling-;  and  Mr  Shepherd 
preaching  at  the  day  of  election, brought  them  yet  nearer, 
fo  as.  except  men  of  good  underftanding,  and  fuch  as 
knew  the  bottom  of  the  tenets  of  thofe  of  the  other  party, 
few  co  Ad  fee  where  the  difference  was.  and  indeed  it 
feemed  fo  fmall  as  (if  men's  affections  had  not  been  for- 
inerly  alienated  when  the  differences  were  formerly  dat- 
ed as  fundamental)  they  might  eafily  have  come  to  recon- 
ciliation. For  in  thefe  particulars  they  agreed,  i.  That 
juP:ification  and  fan&ification  were  both  together  in  time. 
2.  That  a  man  muft  know  himfelf  to  be  juftified,  before 
he  can  know  himfelf  to  be  fanctified.  3.  That  the  fpirit 
never  witneffeth  justification  without  a  wonder  and  a 
work.  The  difference  was,  whether  the  firft  affurance 
be  by  an  abfolute  promife  always,,  and  not  by  a  condi- 
tional alfo,  and  whether  a  man  could  have  any  true  af- 
furance without  fight  of  fome  fuch  work  in  his  foul,  at 
no  hypocrite  could  attain  unto. 

At  the  couit  Mr.  Wheelwright,  according  as  he  was 
injoined,  did  appear,  but  becaufe  a  general  day  of  humi- 
liation was  appointed,  and  it  was  agreed  that  all  the 
churhes  fhouldchoofe  certain  men  to  meet  and  confer  a* 
bout  the  differences,  the  court  gave  him  refpite  to  the 
next  feffion,  which  was  appointed  the  firft  tuefday  in  Au- 
guft,  to  bethink  himfelf,  that  retracting  and  reforming  hig 
error,  the  court  might  (hew  him  favor,  which  othcrwife 
he  muft  not  expect.  His  anfwer  was,  that  if  he  had  com- 
mitted fedition,  then  he  ought  to  be  put  to  death,  and  if 
we  did  mean  to  proceed  againft  him,  he  meant  to  appeal 
to  the  King's  court  for  he  could  retract  nothing.  The 
court  told  him  that  they  were  clear  in  the  juftice  of  their 
proceedings,  and  fhould  judge  of  his  offence  as  they  had 
done,  if  it  were  to  do  again,  but  if  upon  the  conference 
among  the  churches,  the  Lord  fhould  difcover  any  further 
light  to  them  than  as  yet  they  had  feen,  they  fhould  glad- 
ly embrace  it. 

The 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

The  intent  of  the  court  in  deferring  the  ientence  was, 
that  being  thus  provoked  by  their  tumultuous  cpurfe  and 
divers  iniolentfpeeches  which  fome  of  that  party  ha  ut- 
tered in  the  court,  and  having  now  powerenough  to  have 
crufhed  them,  their  moderation,  and  deiire  of  reconcilia- 
tion might  appear  to  all. 

Having  received  intelligence  from  Miantonomoh,  that 
the  Pequods  had  fent  their  women  and  children  to  an  If- 
land  for  their  lafety,  we  preiently  fent  away  40  men  by 
land  to  the  Naraganfetts,  and  there  to  take  in  Mianto- 
nomoh (and  he  offered  to  fend  16  men  with  us)  and  fo  in 
the  night  to  fet  upon  them.  We  alfo  provided  to  fend 
160  more  after  them  to  profecute  the  war ;  and  Mr. 
Stoughton  one  of  the  magiftrates  was  fent  with  them, 
and  M  r.  Wilfon  the  parlor  of  Bofton.  Thefe  two  were 
chofen  thus  in  the  open  court.  Three  magiftrates  were 
fet  apart,  and  one  was  deiigned  by  a  lot  :  alfo  the  elders 
fct  apart  two,  and  a  lot  was  caft  between  them  in  a  folemn 
public  invocation  of  the  name  of  God. 

34  By  letters  from  Mr.  Williams  we  were  certified  (which 
the  next  day  was  confirmed  by  fome  who  came  from  Say- 
brook)  that  Capt.  Mafon  was  come  to  Say-brook  with  80 
Englifh  and  100  Indians,  and  that  the  Indians  hid  gone 
out  there  and  met  with  7  Pequods — 5  they  killed,  one 
they  took  alive,  whom  the  Englifh  put  to  torture,  and 
let  all  their  heads  upon  the  -fort.  The  reafon  wasbecaufe 
thev  bad  tortured  fuch  of  our  men  as  they  took  alive. 

The  Dutch  Governor  lent  a  fleop  to  Pequod  to  redeem 
the  two  Engliih  maids  by  what  means  foever,  tho'  it  were 
with  breach  of  their  peace  with  Pequods..  The  {loop  of- 
ferM  largely  for  their  ranfom.  but  nothing  would  be  a«- 
cepted,  fo  the  Dutch  having  many  Pequods  aboard,  ftayed 
fix  of  them  (the  reft  leaped  overboard)  and  with  them  re- 
deemed the  two  maids  who  had  been  well  ufed  by  the  Pe- 
quods, and  no  violence  offered  them. 

The  former  Governor  and  Mr.  Coddington,  being  dif- 
contcntedthat  the  people  had  left  them  out  of  all  public 
fervice,  gave  further  proof  of  it  in  the  congregation,  for 
they  refufed  to  fet  in  the  magiftrates  feat,  where  Mr.  Vane 
had  always  (itten  from  his  firft  arrival,  and  went  and  fet 
with  the  deacons,  altho'  the  Governor  fent  to  defire  them  1 
to  come  in  to  him  ;  and  upon  the  day  of  the  general  fa  ft 
they  went  from  Bofton  to  keep  the  day  at  the  Mount 
•with  Mr.  Wheelwright.  Another  occafion  of  their  dif- 
content,  and  of  the  reft  of  that  party,  was  an  order  which 

the 


JOURNAL.  129 

the  court  had  made  to  keep  out  all  fuch  perfons  as  might      1637. 
be  dangerous  to  the  commonwealth,  by    impofing  a  pe- 
nalty upon  all   fuch  as   iliould   retain    any,   &c.  above    Mo. 
three  weeks  which  fhould  not  be  allowed  by  fome  of  the 
magiftrates  ;  for  it  was  very  probable  that  they  expected 
many  of  their  opinion  to  come  out  of  England  from  Mr. 
B         his  church. 

This  order  and  other  differences  between  the  new  Gov- 
ernor and  them,  was  the  caufe  that  at  his  return  to  Bof- 
ton  none  of  them  met  him  ;  and  the  ferjeants  which  had 
conftantly  attended  the  former  Governor  to  all  public 
meetings  with  four  halberds,  did  now  refufe  to  do  any 
fuch  office  to  the  new,  alledging  that  they  had  done  it  to 
the  former  voluntarily,  in  refpeft  of  his  perfon,  not  his 
place.  To  which  it  was  anfwered  that  there  was  a  dou- 
ble error,  i.  Becaufe  the  place  drowns  the  perfon,  be  he 
honorable  or  bafe.  2.  That  any  compliment  of  honof  be- 
ing once  confer^d  upon  an  ofHce,  tho'  voluntarily,  can- 
not after  be  taken  away  without  contempt  and  injury. 
The  country  taking  notice  of  this,  offered  to  fend  in  fomd 
from  the  neighbouring  towns  to  carry  the  halberds  by 
courfe,  and  upoa  that  the  town  of  Bofton  offered  to  fend 
fome  men,  but  net  the  ferjeants,  but  the  Gevernor  chofe 
rather  to  make  ufe  of  two  of  his  own  fervants. 

Our  Englifh  from  Connecticut,  with  their  Indians,  and 
many  of  the  Naraganfetts,  marched  in  the  night  to  a  fort 
of  the  Pequods  at  Miflick,  and  befetting  the  farn«  about 
break  of  the  day,  after  two  hours  fight  they  took  it  by 
firing  it,  and  flew  therein  two  chief  fachems  and  1 50  fight- 
ing men,  and  about  150  old  men,  women  and  children, 
with  the  lofs  of  two  Englifh  killed  by  the  enemy.  Di- 
vers of  the  Indian  friends  were  hurt  by  the  Pequods. 
The  (lory  is  more  fully  defcribed  in  the  next  leaf. 

Prefently  upon  this  came  news  from  the  Naraganfett, 
that  all  the  Englifh  and  100  of  the  Indians  were  cut  off  in 
j  their  retreat,  for  want  of  powder  and  victuals.     Three 
i  days  after,  this  was  confirmed  by  a  pod  from  Plimouth, 
j  with  fuch  probable  circumstances,  as  it  was  generally  be- 
lieved.    But  three   days  after,  Mr.  Williams  having  gone 
to  the  Naraganfett  to  difcover   the  truth,   found  them 
mourning,  as  being  confident  of  it ;  but  that  night  fome 
came  from  the  army,  and  affured  them  all  was  well,  and 
that  all  the  Pequods  were  fled  and  had  forfaken  their  fort. 
The  general  defeat  of  the  Pequods  at  Miflick  happened 
the  day  after  the  general  faft. 

Two  ftiips  arrived  here  out  of  England,  Mr.  Pierce 
R 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

was  one.  In  them  came  the  copy  of  a  commifTion  from 
the  commifrtoners  for  N.  Englarydto  divers  of  the  magif- 
tratcs  here,  to  govern  all  the  people  in  New-England  'till 
further  Orders,  upon  this  pretence,  that  there,  was  no  law- 
ful authority  in  form  here,  either  mediate  or  immediate 
from  his  Majefty. 

Upon  the  news  from  Mr.  Williams  that  the  Pequods 
were  difperfed,  and  fome  come  in  and  fubmitted  to  the 
Naraganietts  (who  would  not  receive  them  'till  they  had 
fent  to  know  our  mind),  the  Governor  and  Council 
thought  it  needlefs  to  fend  fo  many  men,  and  therefore 
fent  out  word  only  for  one  half  of  the  200,  but  fome  of  the 
people  liked  not  of  it,  and  came  to  the  Governor  to  have 
all  fent.  He  took  it  ill,  and  tho'  three  of  the  minifters 
came  with  them  to  debate  the  matter,  he  told  them  that 
if  any  one,  difcovering  an  error  in  the  proceedings  of  the 
council,  had  come  in  a  private  manner  to  acquaint  them 
therewith,  it  had  been  well  done,  but  to  come  fo  many  of 
them,  in  a  public  and  popular  way,  was  not  well,  and 
would  bring  authority  into  contempt.  This  they  to»k 
well  at  his  hands,  and  excufed  their  intentions  ;  fo  it  was 
thought  fit  to  fend  about  40  men  more,  which  was  yield- 
ed rather  to  fatisfy  the  people,  than  for  any  need  that 
appeared. 

Upon  our  Governor's  letter  to  Plimouth  our   friends 
there  agreed  to  fend   a  pinnace  with  40  men  to   aflift  in  ( 
the  war  againft  the  Pcqu>ods,  but  they  could  not  be  ready 
to  meet  us  at  the  firft. 

There  was  a  day  ofthankfgivingkept  in  all  the  church- 
es for  the  viftory  obtained  againft  the  Pequods  and  for* 
other  mercies.     About  this  time  came  home  a  fmall  pin- 
,nace  of  30  tons  which  had  been  forth  eight  months  and 
was  given  for  loft.     She  went  to  the  Bermuda,  but  by  ' 
continual  tempefts   was  kept  from  hence,   and  forced  to; 
b«ar  up  for  the  Weft-Indies,  and  being  in  great  diftrefs,  t 
arrived  at   Hifpaniola,  and  not  daring    to  go  into  any  in-;* 
habited  place  there,  but  to  go  on  fhore  in  obfcure  places,;; 
and  lived  of  turtles  and  eggs  &c.     At  laft  they  were  forc-,r 
ed  into  a  harbour  where  lay  a   French  man  of  war  with-; 
his   prize,  ar,J    had   furcly    made  prize  of  them   alfo,  butd| 
that  the  providence  of  God  fo  difpofed,  as  the  Captain,  ' 
one  Petei  fore,   had  lived  at  Pifcat:  ancHcnew  the  mer- 
chant, of  our  bark,  one   Mr.  Gibbons— Whereupon  he 
uied  them  courfeoufly,  and   for  fuch  commodities  as  {he 
carried,  furnifhed  her  with  tallow  and  hides,   and  fent 

v  horns  • 


B.I 

11 


JOURNAL.  ic 

home  with  her  his  prize,  which  he    fold  for  a  (mall  price      1637. 

to  be  paid  in  N,  England.     He  brought  home  an  AHgarto  v v— 

which  he  gave  the  Governor. 

Three  fhips  arrived  here  from  Ipfwich  with  360  paf-  20 
fengers.  The  laft  being  loth  to  come  to  anchoret  Caftle 
Ifland,  thoj  hailed  by  the  Caftle  boatf  arid  required,  the 
gunner  made  a  {hot,  intending  to  {hoot  before  her  for  a 
warning,  but  the  powder  in  her  touch  hole  being  wet  and 
the  {hip  having  frefh  way  with  the  wind  and  tide,  the 
fhot  took  place  in  the  fhrouds  and  killed  a  paflenger  an 
honeft  man.  The  next  day  the  Governor  charged  an 
inqueft,  and  fent  them  aboard  with  two  of  the  magiftrates 
(one  of  them  being  deputed  coroner)  to  take  view  of  the 
dead  body,  who  upon  hearing  all  the  evidences,  found 
that  he  came  to  his  death  by  the  providence  of  God. 

The  Governor  went  to  oagus  and  to  Salem  and  to  Ips-  23 
\vich,  at  all  which  places  the  men  of  the  towns  met  him 
and  guarded  him  from  town  to  town  (tho*  notdeiired  nor 
expe&ed  by  him)  to  fhew  their  refpeft  to  their  Governor, 
and  alfo  for  his  Tafety,  in  regard  it  was  reported  the  Pe- 
quods  were  come  this  way.  He  returned  again  the  28th, 
being  forced  to  travel  all  the  night  by  reafon  of  the  heat, 
which  was  fo  extreme,  as  divers  of  thofe  who  were  new 
come  on  fhore  died  in  their  travel  a  few  miles. 

Here  arrived  two  fhips  from  London,  the  Heftor,  and    26 
the  ,     In  Thefe  came  Mr.  Davenport  and  another 

minifter,  and  Mr.  Eaton  and  Mr.  Hopkins  two  merchants 
of  London,  men  of  fair  eftate'  and  of  great  efteem  for  re- 
ligion, and  wifdom  in  outward  affairs. 

in  the  He&or  came  alfo  the  Lord  Ley,  fon  and  heir  of 
the  Earl  of  Marlborough,  being  about  nineteen  years  of 
age,  who  came  only  to  fee  the  country.  He  was  of  very 
fober  carriage,  and  (hewed  much  wifdom  and  moderation 
in  his  lowly  and  familiar  carriage,  efpecially  in  the  fhip, 
where  he  was  much  difrefpe&ed  and  unworthily  ufed  by 
the  mafter,  one  Fearne,  and  fome  of  the  palfengers,  yet 
he  bore  it  meekly  and  filently.  When  he  came  on  ftiore 
the  Governor  was  from  home,  and  he  took  up  his  lodg- 
ing at  the  common  inn.  When  the  Governor  returned 
be  prefently  came  to  his  houfe ;  the  Governor  oife: 
him  lodging,  but  he  refufedT  faying  that  he  came  not  to 
be  troublefome  to  any,  and  the  houfe  where  he  was^ 
was  fo  well  governed,  that  he  could  be  as  private  there  as 
elfewhere. 

had  news  of  a  comtniffion   granted  in   England  to 

div 


i32  GOVERNOR    WXNTHROP's 

1637.  divers  gentlemen  laere  for  the  governing  of  New-Eng- 
<— -v-»-j  land  &c.  but  inftead  thereof  we  received  a  eommiflion 
from  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges  to  govern  his  province  of  New 
Somerfetfhire,  which  is  from  Cape  Elizabeth  to  Sagada- 
hoc,  and  withal,  to  overfee  his  fervants  arid  private  offi- 
cers ;  which  was  obferved  as  a  matter  of  no  good  difcre- 
tion.  but  palled  in  {ilence — weexcufed  our  not  intermed- 
ling  &,c.  becaufe  b«ing  directed  to  fix  or  five  of  them,  and 
one  of  their  riames  being  miftaken,  and  another  removed 
to  Connecticut,  there  were  but  four  in  the  country.  As 
alfo  for  that  it  did  not  appear  to  us  what  authority  he 
had  to  grant  fuch  a  commiflion,  As  for  the  commiflion 
from  the  King,  we  received  only  a  copy  of  it,  but  the 
commiffion  itfelf  ftaid  at  the  feal  for  want  of  paying  the 
fees. 

The  party  who  procured  the  commiflion,  one  George 
Chever,  brought  alfo  a  protection  under  the  privy  fignet 
for  fearching  out  the  great  lake  of  Iracoye,  and  for  the  fole 
trade  of  beaver,  and  the  planting  of  Long  Ifland,  by  agree- 
ment between  the  Earl  of  Sterling  Vifcount  Canada  and 
him.  Thus  this  and  other  gentlemen  in  England  get  large 
circuits  of  lands  in  the  country,  and  are  very  ready  to 
grant  them  out  to  fuch  as  will  become theirtenants,  and  to 
encourage  them,  do  procure  commiflions,  protections  &c. 
which  coft  them  nothing,  but  will  be  at  no  charge  in  any 
right  way  of  plantation,  which  fhould  be  by  coming 
themfelves,  or  fending  fome  of  their  children  &c.  but 
now  as  they  adventure  little,  fo  they  are  fure  to  lofe  no- 
thing but* their  vain  hope. 

Capt.  Stoughton  and  his  company  having  purfued  the 
Pequods  beyond  Connecticut,  and  miffing  of  them,  re- 
turned to  Pequot  tiver  where  they  were  advertifed  that 
100  of  them  were  newly  come  back  to  a  place  fome  12 
miles  off,  fo  they  inarched  thither  by  night  and  furpriied 
them  all ;  they  put  to  death  22  men,  and  referved  two  fa- 
chems,  hoping  by  them  fo  get  Safacus,  which  they  pro- 
mifed.  All  the  reft  were  women  and  children,  of  which 
they  gave  the  Naraganfetts  30  and  our  Maflachufetts  In- 
dians three,  and  the  reft  they  fent  hither. 

A  pinnace  returning  took  a  canoe  with  four  Indians 
near  Block  Ifland,  we  fent  them  to  Miantunomoh  to  know 
what  they  were,  and  after  we  difchargedall  fave  one  who 
was  a  Pequod  whom  we  gave  Mr.  Cutting  to  carry  into 
England. 

The 


JOURNAL,  133 

The  differencs  grew  fo  much  here  as  tended  fad  to  a      1637. 

feparation  ;  fo  as  Mr.  Vane  being  among  others,  invited  v >r- 

by  the  Governor  to  accompany  the  Lord  Ley  at  a  dinner,    Mo. 
refufed  to  come,  alledging  by  letter,  that  his  confcience 
witheld  him. 

There  were  fent  to  Boflon  48  women  and  children,  6 
there  were  80  taken  as  before  is  exprefled.  Thefe  were 
diipoledofto  particular  perfons  in  the  country;  fome 
of  |them  ran  away  and  were  brought  again  by  the  In- 
dians our  neighbours,  and  thofe  men  branded  on  the 
fhoulder.  • 

Ayanemoh  the  fachem  of  Niantick  came  to  Bofton  with  12 
17  men.  He  made  divers  propofitions  which  we  pro- 
mifed  to  give  an  anfwer  unto  the  next  day,  and  then  un- 
fterftanding  he  had  received  many  of  the  Pet[uods,  fub- 
mitting  to  him  fince  the  former  defeat,  we  firft  demanded 
the  delivery  of  them,  which  he  flicking  at,  we  refufed 
further  conference  with  him,  but  the  next  morning  he 
came  and  offered  what  we  defired.  So  the  Governor  re- 
ferred him  to  treat  with  our  Captain  at  the  Pequod,  and 
wrote  inftruftionsto  them  how  to  deal  with  him,  and  re- 
ceived his  prefent  of  ten  fathom  of  wampom.  Pie  was 
lovingly  difmifTed  with  foma  fmall  things  given  him. 

There  came  over  a  brother  of  Mrs.  Hutchinfon  ;  and 
fome  of  Mr  Wheelwrights  friends  whom  the  Governor 
thought  not  fit  to  allow,  as  others,  to  fit  down  among  us, 
without  fome  trial  of  them.  Therefore  to  fave  others 
from  the  danger  of  the  law  in  receiving  of  them,  he  al- 
lowed them  for  four  months.  This  was  taken  very  ill  by 
thofe  of  the  other  party,  and  many  hot  fpeeches  given 
forth  about  it,  and  about  their  removal  &c. 

Mr.  Stoughton  with  about  80  of  the  Englifh,  whereof  13 
Mr.  Ludlow,  Capt.  Mafon,  and  of  Connecticut  were 
part,  failed  to  the  weft  in  purfuit  of  Safacus  &c.  at  Quin- 
epiack  they  killed  fix  and  took  two.  At  a  head  of 
land  a  little  fhort  they  beheaded  two  fachems  ;  whereup- 
on they  called  the  place  Sachems  head.  About  this  time 
they  had  given  a  Pequod  his  life  to  find  out  Safacus.  He 
went  and  found  him  not  far  off,  but  Safacus  fufpe&ing 
him,  intended  to  kill  him,  which  the  fellow  perceiving, 
efcaped  in  the  night,  and  came  to  the  Englifh  :  Where- 
upon Safacus  and  Mononotto  the  two  chief  fachems,  and 
fome  20  more  fled  to  the  Mohawks  ;  but  80  of  the  ftouteft 
men,  and  200  others  women  and  children  were  at  a  plac$ 
\vithin  2O0r  30  milesof  the  Dutch  whither  our  men  march- 
ed ;  and  being  guided  by  a  divine  providence,  came  upon 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

them  where  they  had  20  wigwams  hard  by  a  molt  hide- 
ous  fwamp,  fo  "thick  with  bufhes  and  foquagmiry  as  men 
Mo,  6.  could  hardly  croud  into  it.  Into  this  fwamp  they  were 
all  gotten.  Lieut.  Davenport  and  two  or  three  more  that 
entered  the  fwamp  were  dangeroufly  weunded  by  the  In- 
dian arrows,  and  with  much  difficulty  were  fetched  out. 
Then  our  men  furrounded  the  fwamp,  being  a  mile  about, 
and  (hot  at  the  Indians,  and  they  at  them,  from  3  of  the 
clock  in  the  afternoon  'till  they  defired  parley,  and  offer- 
ed to  yield,  and  life  was  offered  to  ail  that  had  not  fhed 
Englifti  blood.  So  they  began  to  come  forth,  now  fome 
and  then  fome,  'till  about  200  women  and  children  were 
come  out,  and  amongft  them  the  fachem  of  the  place,  and 
thus  they  kept  us  two  hours  'till  night  was  come  on,  and 
then  the  men  told  us  they  would  fight  it  out,  and  fo  they 
did  all  the  night,  coming  up  behind  the  bufhes  very  near 
our  men,  and  (hot  many  arrcrws  into  their  hats,  fleves  and 
ftoekings,  yet  (which  was  a  very  miracle)  not  one  of  ours 
wounded.  When  it  was  near  morning  it  grew  very 
dark,  fo  as  fuch  of  them  as  were  left  crept  out  at  one  place 
and  efcaped,  being,  as  was  judged,  not  above  20  at  moft, 
and  thofe  like  to  be  wounded,  for  in  the  purfuit  they 
found  fome  of  them  dead  of  their  wounds.  Here  our 
men  gat  fome  booty  of  kettles,  trays,  wampona  &c.  and 
the  women  and  children  were  divided,  and  fent  fome  to 
Connecticut  and  fome  to  the  Maffachufetts.  The  fachem 
of  the  place  having  yielded,  had  his  life  and  his  wife  and 
children.  The  women  which  were  brought  home  re- 
ported  that  we  had  (lain  in  all  13  fachems,  and  that  there 
were  13  more  left.  We  had  now  flain  and  taken  in  ail 
about  700.  We  fent  15  of  the  boys  and  two  women  to 
Bermuda,  by  Mr.  Pierce,  but  he  miflin^g  it,  carried  them 
to  Providence  Ifle. 

Mr.  Stoughton  failed  with  fome  of  his  company  from 
Pequod  to  Block  Ifland.  They  came  thither  in  the  night, 
yet  were  difcovered,  and  our  men  having  killed  one  or 
two  of  them  and  burnt  fonie  of  their  wigwams. -they  came 
to  parley,  and  (ubmittingthemfelve  to  become  tributaries' 
in  100  fath.  wampompeague,  and  to  deliver  any  that 
ihould  be  found  to  .have  any  hand  in  Mr.  Oldhams 
death,  they  were  all  received,  and  no  more  harm  done 
them. 

At  our  general cpurtoneGreenfmith being cenfured for 
t.          faying  that  all  th«  elders  except  two  did  preach  a  covenant 

of 


JOURNAL,  i3c 

of  works  &c.  he  did  appeal  to  the  King,  but  the  court,      1637. 
notwithstanding,  committed  him  'till  &c.  v— •v-  ^ 

The  Lord  Ley  being  told  that  one  Ewre  [had  fpoken  Mo.  6, 
treafon  againil  the  King,  fent  for  the  party  one  Brooks, 
and  inquiring  of  him,  he  told  him  that  Ewre  had  faid  a- 
bove  twelve  months  before,  that  if  the  King  did  lend  any 
authority  hither  againft  our  patent,  he  would  be  the  firft 
ihould  refifl  him.  This  coming  to  the  Governor's  know- 
ledge, he  fent  for  the  parties,  and  bound  them  over  to  the 
general  court.  When  they  came  there  Brooks  brought 
kis  wife  to  witnefs  with  him,  but  her  teflimony  agreed 
not  with  his,  alfo  three  others  whom  he  had  told  it  unto 
reported  it  ©therwife,  fo  at  length  they  all  agreed,  and  fet 
it  under  their  hands,  That  Ewre  faid  that  if  there  came 
any  authority  out  of  England  contrary  to  the  patent,  he 
would  withfland  it.  Now  becaufe  here  was  no  mention 
of  the  King,  and  becaufe  he  never  informed  any  of  the 
magiftrates  of  it,  and  for  that  it  was  evident  that  he  bare 
malice  of  the  faid  Ewre,  we  faw  no  caufe  to  take  any  o- 
ther  of  the  parties  informing^  (The  rather  becaufe  them- 
felves  did  urge  it,  and  fhe  refuted  long  to  fpeak  at  all,  ex- 
cept (he  might  be  put  to  her  oath)  nor  any  offence  which 
deferved  puniuhment,  feeing  it  is  lawful  to  refift  any  au- 
thority which  was  to  overthrow  the  lawful  authority  of 
the  King's  patent,  and  fo  the  Governor  did  openly 
declare  in  the  court,  as  justifiable  by  the  laws  of  Eng- 
land. 

The  Lord  Ley  and  Mr.  Vane  went  from  Bofton  to 
the  {hip  liding  at  Long  Ifland,  to  go  for  England.  At 
their  departure,  thofe  of  Mr.  Vane's  party  were  gathered 
together  and  did  accompany  him  to  the  boat  (and  many 
to  the  fhip)  and  the  men  being  in  arms,  gave  him  divers 
vollies  of  (hot,  and  five  pieces  of  ordnance,  and  he  had 
five  more  at  the  Caftle.  But  the  Governor  was  not  come 
from  the  court,  but  had  left  order  with  the  captain  for 
their  honorable  difmiflion. 

There  was  an  old  woman  in  Ipfwich  who  came  out  of 
England  blind  and  deaf,  yet  her  fon  could  make  her  un- 
derftand  any  thing  and  know  any  man's  name  by  herfcnie 
of  feeling.  He  would  write  upon  her  hand  fome  letters 
ef  the  name,  and  by  other  fuch  motions  would  inform 
her  ;  this  the  Governor  himfelf  had  tried  often  when  he 
was  at  Ipfwich. 

Mr,  Hooker  and  Mr.  Stone  came  with  Mr.  Wilfon    5 
from  Connecticut  by  Providence  and  the  fame  day  Mr. 

'  Lud- 


i36  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP's 

1637.     Ludlow,Mr.'Pincheon  &  about  twelve  more.came  the  or- 

v v '  dinary  way  by  land,  and  brought  with  them  a  part  of  the 

Mo.  6.  fkin  and  lock  of  hair  of  Safsacus  ;  and  his  brother  and 
five  other  Pcquod  Sachems  who  being  fted  to  the  Mo- 
hawks for  fheher  with  their  wampom,  being  to  the  value 
of  £ •  500  were  by  them  furprifed  and  flain,  with  20  of  their 
beft  men.  Mononottoh  was  alfo  taken  but  cfcaped 
wounded.  They  brought  news  alfo  of  divers  other  Pe- 
quods  which  had  been  flain  by  other  Indians,  and  their 
heads  brought  to  the  Englifh,  fo  that  now  there  had  been 
flain  and  taken  between  eight  and  nine  hundred.  Where- 
upon letters  were  fent  to  Mr.  Stoughton  and  the  reft,  to 
call  them  all  home. 

A  woman  of  Bofton  congregation  having  been  in  much 
trouble  of  mind  about  her  fpiritual  eftate,  at  length  grew 
into  bitter  defperation  and  co.uld  not  endure  to  hear  of 
any  comfort,  fo  as  one  day  {he  took  her  little  infant  and 
threw  it  into  a  well,  and  then  came  into  the  houfe  and 
faid  now  fhe  was  fure  fhe  fhould  be  damned  for  fhe  had 
drowned  her  child,  but  fome  flepping  prefently  forth,  fav- 
ed  the  child.  See  more  after. 

Mr.  Hooker  and  the  reft  of  the  elders  meeting  divers 
days,  they  agreed,  with  confent  of  the  magiftrates,  upon 
a  day  of  humiliation  to  be  kept  in  all  the  churches  the  24th 
of  this  month,  &  the  day  for  the  conference  tobethe3bth 
day.  At  their  private  meetings  f©me  reconciliation  was 
made  between  Mr.  Cotton  and  Mr.  Wheelwright  and  Mr. 
Wilfon,  he  profe fling  that  by  his  fpeech  in  the  court,  he 
did  not  intend  the  doctrine  of  Mr  Gotten  or  Mr.  Wheel- 
wright delivered  in  the  public  congregation,  but  fome 
opinions  (meaning  three  or  four)  which  were  privately 
carried  in  Bofton  and  other  parts  of  the  country,  and  ac- 
cordingly Mr.  Cottton  declared  fo  much  in  the  congre- 
gation the  Lord's  day  following.  And  for  the  reft  of  his 
fpeech,  it  was  agreed  by  all  the  elders  to  be  inofFenfive, 
confidering  his  call  thereunto  by  the  court.  This  fudden 
change  was  much  obferved  by  fome  who  were  privy  that 
Mr.  Wilfon  had  profelfed  as  much  before,  both  privately 
to  the  elders  and  publickly  in  the  congregation,  and 
that  the  faid  opinions  had  been  delivered  to  the  elders 
of  Bofton  in  writing  as  thofe  which  Mr.  Wilfon  in- 
tended. 

17  Mr.  Davenport  preached  at  Bofton,  it  being  the  lefture 
day,  out  of  that  in  i.  Cor.  I  exhort  you  brethren  &c.  that 
there  be  no  divifions  among  you — wherein  as  he  fully  fet  forth 

the 


JOURNAL.  137 

the   nature  and   danger  of  diforders  and  the  divifions      1637. 

which  were  among  us  &c.  fo  he  clearly  difcovered   hi*  •> v ' 

judgment  againft  the  new  opinions  and    bitter  pra&ices    Mo.  6» 
which  were  fprung  up  here. 

Mr.  Cotton  expounding  that  in  2.  Chron :  of  the  de- 
fection of  the  ten  tribes  from  Rehoboam,  and  his  prepa- 
rations to  recover  them  by  war,  and  the  prophets  prohi- 
bition &c.  proved  from  that  in  Numb:  27.  21.  that  the 
rulers  of  the  people  fhould  confult  with  the  miniiiers  of 
the  churches  upon  occafion  of  any  war  to  be  undertaken, 
and  any  other  weighty  bufinefs,  tho'.the  cafe  {hould  feem 
never  fo  clear,  as  David  iri  the  cafe  of  Ziglag,  and  thelf- 
raelites  in  the  cafe  of  Cibeah — Judges  &c. 

The  Captain  and  foldiers  all  returned  from  Pequod,  26 
having  loft  but  one  man,  and  he  died  of  a  flux,  and  ano- 
ther fell  fick  of  an  old  infirmity,  an  afthma  The  Indi- 
ans about  lent  in  ftill  trany  Pequods  heads  and  hands  from 
Longliland  and  other  places,,  and  fachems  of  Long  Ifland 
came  voluntarily  and  brought  a  tribute  to  us  of  20  fathom 
of  wampom,  each  of  them,  and  Miantonomoh  lent  here 
fome  Pequod  fquaws  which  had  run  from  us. 

The   Naraganfetts  fent  us  the  heads   of  three  Pequods,    31 
one  the  chief  of  thole  who  murdered  Capt.  Stone. 

Twenty  men  went  in  a  pinnace  to  kill  fea  horfe  at  the 
Ifle  of  Sable,  and  after  fix  weeks  returned  home,  and 
could  not  find  the  ifle  : — but  after  another  month,  about 
the  of  September,  they  fet  forth  again  with  more  fkilful 
feamen,  with  intent  to  flay  there  all  winter..  Mrl  Eaton 
and  fome  others  of  Mr.  Davenport's  company  went  to 
view  Quinepiack  with  intent  to  begin  a  plantation  there* 
They  had  many  offers  here  and  at  Plimouih,  and  they 
had  viewed  many  places,  but  none  could  content.  Some 
of  the  magiftrates  and  miniflers  of  Connecticut  being 
here,  there  was  a  day  of  meeting  appointed  to  agree  upon 
fome  articles  of  confederation,  and  notice  was  given  to 
Plimouth  that  they  might  join  in  it,  but  their  warning 
was  fo  fliort  as  they  could  not  come.  This  wasconclud- 
after.  See  (3)  1643. 

The  fynod  called  the  AiTembly  began  at  Newtown  ;  30  * 
there  were  all  the  teaching  elders  tkiro'  the  country,  and 
fome  were  come  out  of  England,  not  yet  called  to  any 
place  here,  as  Mr.  Dayenport  &c.  The  affembly  began 
with  prayer  made  by  Mr. Shepherd  the  paftor  of  Newtown. 
Then  the  erroneous  opinions  which  were  fpread  in  the 
country  were  read  (being  Eighty  in  all)  next  the  un- 

S  whol- 


!38  GOVERNOR    WINTH&OP's 

1637.      xvholfome  exprefTions,  then  the  fcriptures  abufed.     Then 
— — s-^— '  they   chofe   two   moderators  foi  the  next   day,  viz.  Mr. 
Mo.  6.    Buckly  and  Mr.  Hooker,  and   thefe  were  continued  in 
that  place  all  the    time   of    the  aflembly.     There  were 
about  eighty   opinions — fome   blafphemous,  others  erro- 
neous, and  all   unfafe — condemned  by  the  whole  aflem- 
bly  ;  whereto  near  all  the  elders,  and  others  fent  by  the 
churches,    fubfcribed  their  names,    but   fome   liked  not 
fubfcription,  tho'  they   confented  to  the  condemning  of 
them. 

Some  of  the  church  of  Boflon,  and  fome  others  were 
offended  at  the  producing  fo  many  errors,  as  if  it  were  a 
reproach  laid  upon  the  country  without  caufe,  and  called 
to  have  the  perfons  named  which  held  thofe  errors.  To 
which  it  was  anfwered  and  affirmed  by  many,  both  elders 
and  others,  that  all  thofe  opinions  could  be  proved,  by 
fufHcient  teftimony,  to  be  held  by  fome  in  the  country, 
but  it  was  not  thought  fit  to  name  the  peifons,  but  GOC- 
trines  only.  Yet  this  would  not  fatisfy  fome,  but  they 
often  called  for  witnefles  ;  and  becaufe  fome  of  t  *e  ma- 
giftrates  declared  to  them  (when  they  refufed  to  forbear 
fpeech  unfeafonably,  tho5  the  moderators  dtfired  them) 
that  if  they  would  not  forbear  it  would  prove  disturbance, 
and  then  the  magiflrate  mufl  interpofe — they  objected  a- 
gainft  this,  as  if  the  magiftrate  had  nothing  to  ao  in  this 
aflembly.  So  as  he  was  forced  to  tell  one  of  them,  that 
if  he  would  not  forbear,  but  make  trial  of  it,  he  might  fee 
it  executed.  Upon  this  fome  of  Boflon  departed  from 
the  aflembly>  and  come  no  more. 

After  the  errors  condemned,  there  were  five  points  in 
queftion  between  Mr.  Cotton  and  Mr.  Wheelwright  on 
the  one  part,  and  the  reft  of  the  elders  on  the  other  part ; 
and  thofe  after,  put  into  fuch  expre (lions,  as  Mr.  Cotton 
and  they  agreed,  but  Mr.  Wheelwright  did  not. 

1.  The  ift.  was  about    our  union    with    Chrift.     The 
cjueftion  was  whether  we  were  united  before  we  had  ac- 
tive faith  ?  The  confent  was  that  there  was  no  marriage 
union  with  Chrifl  before  aciual  faith,  which  is  more  than 
habitual. 

2.  The  nd.  was.  about  evidencing  juftification.     The 
confent  was,    That    iome  laving  fgn&ification    (as   faith 
&c.)  was  cocxiflent,    concurrent,  and  coapparent  (or  at 
leaft  might  be)  with  the  witnefs  of  the  fpirit  always. 

3.  That  the  new  creature  is  not  the  perfon  of  a  believ- 
er,, but  a  body  of  faving  graces  in  fuch  a  one,  and  that 

Chrifl 


JOURNAL.  139 

Chrift  as  a  head  doth  enliven  or  quicken,  preferve  and       1637. 
a£  the  fame,  but  Chrift   himfelf  is  no  part  of  this   new  u_— y— ~ 
creature. 

4.  That  tho' in  effv'cVaal  calling  (in  which   the  anfwer 
of  the  foul  is  by  active  fVuth  wrought  at  the  fame   inftant 
by  the  fpirit)  juftification  and    f*  notification  be  all  toge- 
ther in  rhem,  yet  God  doth   not  juftify  a  man   before  he 
be  efleftually  called   and  io  a  believer. 

5.  Thai  Chrift  and  his  benefits may  be  offered  and  ex- 
hibited to  a  man  under  a  covenant  of  works,  but  not  in, 
or  by  a  covenant  of  works. 

Obs.  In  ihe  firft  handling  of  thefe  questions,  either 
party  delivered  their  arguments  in  writing,  which  were 
read  in  the  affembly,  arid  after,  the  anfwer  to  them,  which 
fpent  much  time  without  any  efffft.  but  after  they  came 
to  open  dilpuie,  the  q  icftions  were  foon  determined,  for 
fo  they  came  to  undo,  (land  each  other  better.  The  laft 
day  of  the  avlembiy  other  queftions  were  debated  aad  re- 
folved.  Mo.  7 

1.  That  tho'  women   nvght   meet,  fome  few,  .together, 
to  pray  and  advife  one  another,  yet  fuch  a  fet  affembly  as 
was  then  in   practice  at   Bofton,   xvhere  60  or  more  did 
meet  every  week,  and  one  woman,  in  a  prophetical  way, 
by  revolving  queflions  of  do&rine,  and  expounding  fcrip- 
ture.  look  upon  her  the  whole  exercife,  was  agreed  to  be 
disorderly  and  without  rule. 

2.  Though  a  private  member  might  afl^  a  qucflion  pub- 
lickly  after  fermon,  for  information,  yet  this  ought  to  be 
very  wifely  and  fparingly  done,  and  that  with  leave  of 
the  elders  :   but  queftions  of  then    in  ufe,  whereby 
the  doctrines  delivered  were  reproved  and  the  elders  re- 
proached and   that  with  bitternefs  &c.  was  utterly  con- 
demned. 

3.  That  a  perfon  refufing  to  come  to,  the   affembly   to 
abide  the  cenfure  of  the  church,  might   he  proceeded  a- 
gainft,    tho'  abfent,  yet  it  was  held  better  that  the  magif- 
trates  help  were  called  to  compel  him  to  be  prefent. 

4.  That  a  member  differing  from  the  reft  of  the  chur/;h 
in   any   opinion  which  was  not  fundamental,  ought    not 
for  that  to  forfake  the  ordinances  there  ;  and  if  fuch  d,id 
defire  difmiffion   to  any  other  church   which  was  of  his 
opinion,  and  did  it  for  that  end,  the  church  whereof  he 
was,  ought  to  deny  it  for  the  fame  end. 

The  Aifembly  brake  up,  and  it  was  propounded  by  the     22 
Governor  that  they  would  confider,  that  feeing  the  Lord 

had 


140  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1637.      had  been  To  gracioufly  prefent  in  this  affembly,  that  mat- 

v v- '  ters  had  been   carried  on  fo  peaceably  and  concluded  fo 

•Mo.  7.  comfortably  in  all  love  &c.  if  it  were  not  fit  to  have  the 
like  meeting  once  a  year,  or  at  leaft,  the  next  year,  to 
fettle  what  yet  remained  to  be  agreed,  or  if  but  to  nourifla. 
love  &c.  This  motion  was  well  liked  of  all,  but  it  was 
not  thought  fit  to  conclude  it. 

There  was  a  motion  made  alfo  by  the  Governor,  that 
whereas  there  was  difference  among  the  churches  about 
the  maintenance  of  their  minifters,  it  might  be  agreed 
what  way  was  moft  agreeable  to  the  rule  of  the  gofpel  ; 
but  the  elders  did  not  like  to  deal  in  that,  led  it  fhould  be 
faid  that  this  affembly  was  gathered  for  their  private  ad* 
vantage. 

26  Mr.  Davenport,  as  he  had  been  before  requefled  by 
the  affembly,  preached  out  of  Ph.  3  16.  wherein  he  laid 
down  the  occafions  of  differences  among  chriftians  &c. 
and  declared  the  effect  and  fruit  of  the  affembly,  and  with 
much  wifdom  and  found  argument  purfuaded  to  unity  &c. 
The  diet  of  the  affembly  was  provided  at  the  country's 
charge,  as  alfo  the  fetching  and  fending  back  of  thofe 
which  came  from  Connecticut. 

28  Two  men  were  hanged  at  Bofton  for  feveral  murders. 
The  one  Jo.  Williams  a  (hip  carpenter,  who  being  lately 
came  into  the  country  and  put  in  prifon  for  theft,  brake 
out  of  prifon  with  one  Jo.  Hoddy  ;  when  near  the  great 
pond  in  the  way  to  Ipfwich  beyond  Salem,  he  murdered, 
and  took  away  his  clothes  and  what  elfe  he  had  and  went 
in  them  to  Ipfwich  whe^e  he  had  been  fent  to  prifon, 
and  was  there  again  apprehended,  and  tho'  his  clothes 
were  all  bloodv,  yet  he  would  confefs  nothing  'till  about 
a  week  after  that  the  body  of  Hoddy  was  found  by  the 
kine,  who  fmelling  the  blood,  made  fuch  a  roaring  as  the 
cow  keeper  looking  about,  found  the  dead  body  cov- 
ered with  a  heap  of  Stones.  The  other,  William  Schoo- 
ler, was  a  vintner  in  London,  and  had  been  a  common 
adulterer  as  himfelf  did  confefs  and  had  wounded  a  man 
in  a  duel  for  which  he  fled  into  the  low  country,  and  from 
thence  he  fled  from  his  Captain  and  came  into  this  coun- 
try, leaving  his  wife  (a  handfome  neat  woman)  in  Eng- 
land. He  lived  with  another  fellow  at  Merrimack,  and 
there  being  a  poor  maid  at  Newbury,  one  Mary  Sholy, 
who  had  defired  a  guide  to  go  with  her  to  her  mafter  who 
dwelt  at  Pifcataq.  he  inquired  her  out.  and  agreed  for  i$f 
to  conduft  her  thither.  But  two  days  after  he  returned, 

and 


JOURNAL.  14 

and  being  afked  why  he  returned  fo  foon,  he  anfwered       1637. 

that  he  had  carried  her  within  two  ®r  three  miles  of  the  v v— 

place,  and  then  (he  would  go  no  further.  Being  examin-  Mo.  7. 
ed  for  this  by  the  magistrates  oflpfwich,  and  no  proof 
found  againft  him,  he  was  let  go  ;  but  about  a  year  after, 
feeing  imprelTed  to  go  againft  the  Pequods,  he  gave  ill 
fpeeches,  for  which  the  Governor  fent  warrant  for  him, 
and  being  apprehended  and  fuppofing  it  had  been  for  the 
death  of  the  maid,  foon  fpake  what  they  had  heard  which 
might  occafion  fufpicion.  He  was  again  examined  and 
divers  witnefles  produced  about  it,  whereupon  he  was 
committed,  arraigned  and  condemned  by  due  proceeding. 
The  eftate  of  the  evidence  was  this.  i.  He  kad  led  a  vi- 
cious life  and  now  lived  like  an  athiefl.  2.  He  had 
fought  out  the  maid  and  undertook  to  carry  her  to  a  place 
where  he  had  never  been.  3.  When  he  croffad  Merri- 
rnack  he  landed  in  a  place  three  miles  diflant  from  the 
ufual  path  from  whence  it  was  fcarce  poflible  fhe  fhould 
get  into  the  path.  4.  He  faid  he  went  by  Winicowetthoufe 
which  he  faid  flood  on  the  contrary  fide  of  the  way.  5. 
Being  .as  he  faid  within  two  or  three  miles  of  Swanfcotc 
when  he  left  her,  he  went  not  thither  to  tell  them  of  her, 
nor  ftaid  by  her  that  night,  nor  at  his  return  home  did 
tell  any  body  of  her  'till  he  was  demanded  of  her.  6. 
When  he  came  back  he  had  above  lof  in  his  purfe,  and 
yet  he  faid  fhe  would  give  him  but  £/— and  he  carried  no 
money  with  him.  7.  At  his  return  he  had  fome  blood 
upon  his  hat,  and  on  his  (kirts  before,  which  he  faid  was 
with  a  pigeon  which  he  killed.  8.  He  had  a  fcratch  on 
the  left  fide  of  his  nofe,  and  being  afked  by  a  neighbour 
how  it  came,  he  faid  it  was  with  a  bramble,  which  could 
not  be,  it  being  of  the  breadth  of  a  fmall  nail :  and  being 
afked  after  by  the  magiftrate,  he  faid  it  was  with  his  piece, 
but  that  could  not  be  on  the  left  fide.  9.  The  body  of 
the  maid  was  found  by  an  Indian  about  half  a  year  after 
in  the  midft  of  a  thick  fwamp,  ten  miles  fhort  of  the  place 
he  faid  he  left  her  in.  and  about  three  miles  from  the  place 
where  he  landed  by  Merrimack  (and  it  was  after  feen  by 
th«  Englifh)  the  flefli  being  rotted  off  it,  and  the  cloaths 
laid  all  on  a  heap  by  the  body.  10.  He  faid  that  foon  af- 
ter he  left  her  he  met  with  a  bear,  and  he  thought  that 
bear  might  kill  her,  yet  he  would  not  go  back  to  fave  her. 
11.  He  brake  prifon  and  fled  as  far  as  powder  horn  hill, 
and  there  hid  himfelf  out  of  the  way  for  fear  of  purfuit, 
and  after,  when  he  arofe  to  go  forward  he  could  not,  but 
as  himfelf  co^r  H.  was  forced  to  return  back  to  prifon 


14»  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP^ 

1637.      again.     At  his   death  he   confefled  he  had  made  many 

V— v '  lies  to   excufe  himfeH;-but   denied   that   he  had  killed  or 

ravifhed  her.  He  was  very  loth  to  die.  and  had  hope  he 
ihould  be  reprieved,  bat  the  court  held  him  worthy  of 
death  in  undertaking  the  charge  of  a  fhiftlefs  maid,  and 
leaving  her,  when  he  might  have  done  other  wife,  in  fuch 
a  place  as  he  knew  ihe  mufl  needs  perifh,  if  not  preferv- 
ed  by  means  unknown.  Yet  there  weie  fome  ministers 
and  others  who  thought  the  evidence  not  fufficient  to 
take  away  life. 

Mo.  8.7  The  Wren  a  fmail  pinnace,  coming  from  Connefti- 
cut,  was  taken  in  a  N.E.  dorm  and  forced  to  anchor  near 
ConnyhaflTett  where  (he  drave  upon  the  rocks  and  was 
wrecked,  hut  all  the  m?n  were  faved. 

i«  A  day  of  rhankf^iving  kept  in  all  the  churches  for  a 
X'iftory  againft  the  Peqjods,  and  for  the  furcefsof  the  af- 
femb'y  ;  but  by  reafon  of  this  latter  fomeof  Boflon  wo\ild 
not  be  prefent  at  the  public  exrrcife*.  The  captains  and 
folciiers  who  had  been  in  the  late  fervice  were  feafted, 
and  after  the  fermon,  the  ma^Hrues  and  elders  ac- 
companied them  to  the  door  of  the  houfe  where  they 
dined. 

Mo.  9.  i  Miantonomoh  the  Naraganfett  fachem  came  to  Bofton. 
The  Governor,  Deputy  an  i  Freifirer  treated  with 
him,  and  they  parted  upon  fair  terms.  He  acknowledg- 
ed that  all  the  Pequod  country  and  Block  Ifland  were 
ours,  and  promifed  that  he  would  not  meddle  with  them 
but  by  our  leave.  We  gave  him  leave  to  right  himfclf 
for  the  injuries  which  J.  and  N.  Cook  had  done  him; 
and  for  the  wrong  they  had  done  us  we  would  right  our- 
felvesin  our  own  time. 

The  Governor  and  Treafurer,  by  order  of  the  general 
court,  did  demife  to  Edward  Convers,  the  ferry  between 
Bofton  and  Charleftown  to  have  the  fole  transporting  of 
paffengers  and  cattle  from  one  fide  to  the  other  for  three 
years  from  the  firft  day  of  the  next  month,  for  the  yearly 
rent  of  4O/—  to  be  paid  quarterly  to  the  treafurer,  provid- 
ed that  he  fee  it  well  attended  and  furnifhed  with  fuffici- 
ent  boats,  and  that  as  foon  as  may  be  in  the  next  fpring 
he  fet  up  a  convenient  houfe  on  Bofton  fide  and  keep  a 
boat  there  as  neceflity  fhall  require.  And  he  is  allowed 
to  take  his  wonted  fees,  viz.  two  pence  for  a  fingte  per- 
fon,  and  a  penny  a  piece  if  there  be  more  than  one,  as 
well  on  lefture  days  as  at  other  times  ;  and  for  every 
horfo  and  eow,  with  the  man  that  goes  with  them,  fix 

pence, 


JOURNAL.  143 


pence,  and  for  a  goat  one  penny  and  a  fwine  two   pence. 
And  if  any  {hall  deiire  to  pafs  before  it   is  light  in   the 
morning,  or  after  it  is  dark  in  the  evening,  he  may  take   Mo.  10* 
rccompence  anfwerable  to  the  feafon  and  his    pains  and 
hazard,  fo  it  be  not  excellive. 

A  young  man  con  ing  alone  in  a  {kiff  from  Newtown 
in  a  N.E.  Ilorm  of  wind  and  Inow,  was  found  dead  ifihis 
boat  with  a  halt  crown  piece  in  his  mouth. 

One  Jewel,  maflerof  a  bark  was  Grow  red  :  _the  manner 
vasthis.  He  was  bound  to  the  ifle  of  Sable  to  relieve 
our  men  there.  His  baik  had  lain  near  a  week  at  Naiaf- 
cott  waiting  for  him  but  he  itaid  at  Boflon  ciiinkirg.  aid 
could  not  be  gotten  away.  When  he  went  theit-  was 
committed  to  his  care  a  rundlet  of  ftrong  water  It-ru  to 
fome  thete,  he  piomifn.g  upon  his  life  it  fhould  not  be 
touched  ;  but  as  he  went  down  in  hi:  bark's  fk^ft  he  went 
on  fhore  at  the  caftle,  and  there  drar  k  out  about  *  gallon 
of  ii,  and  at  night  went  away.  .But  it  being  very  cold 
and  dark,  titty  could  not  find  their  ba$k.  and  Jt-wel  his 
hat  falling  into  the  w^ter,  as  they  weie  comirg  back  to 
lock  for  it  he  fell  into  the  water  near  the  fhore  where 
it  was  not  fix  feet  detp  ana  ccuici  not  be  recovered. 

There  was  great  hope  that   the   late  Gc r.eral  Aiicmbly 

would  have  had  fome  good  cffed  in  pacifying  the  troubles 

and  diflentions  about  matters  of  religion,  but  it  fell  out 

otherwife.    For  though  Mr.  Wheel w  right  and  thofe  of  his 

party  had  been  clearly    confuted  and   confounded  in  the 

aflembly,yet  they  perfifted  in  their  opinions;&.  were  asbufy 

in  the  nourifhing  contentions  (the  principal   of  them)  as 

before.     \V  hereupon  the  General  Court  being  aflembled, 

in  the  ad,  of  the  9th  Month,   and   finding  upon  ccniul'1*- 

tion,  that   two  fo  oppofite   parties  could   not  continue  in 

the  fome  body  without    apparent   hazard  of  ruin   to  the 

\vhole,  agreed  to  fend  away  fome  of  the  principal,  and  for 

this  a  fair  opportunity   was  offered  by   the    remonftrance 

or  petition  which  they  preferred  to  the  Court  the  gth  of 

the  ift.  month,  wherein  they  affirm  Mr.  \\  heelwright  fo 

be  innocent,  and  that  the  court  had  condemned  the  truth 

of   Chrift,  with    divers    other  fcandalous  and    feditious 

fpeeches,  as    appears  at  large  in   the   proceedings  of  this 

court,  which  were  faithfully  colleftqd  and  publiftied  foon. 

after  the  court  brake  up,    fubfcribed  by  more  than  60  of 

that  faftion,  whereof  one  Mr.  Afpenwal  being  one.  and 

he  that  <drew  the  laid  petition  being  then  lent  as  a  deputy 

for  Bofton,  was  for  the  fame  difmified,  ?nd  after   called 

to  the  court  and  disfranchifed  and  banilhed.     I.  Cogges- 


I44  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1637.  hall  was  another  deputy,  who,  tho'  his  hand  was  not  to 
C—  v— —)  the  petition,  yet  profefling  himfelf  to  approve  of  it  &c. 
Mo.  1O.  was  alfo  dilmiffed,  and  after  disfranchised.  Then 
the  court  fent  warrant  to  Bofton  to  fend  other  de- 
puties in  their  room,  b.ut  they  intended  to  have  fent 
the  fame  men  again,  but  Mr.  Cotton  coming  amongft 
them,  diffuaded  them  with  much  ado.  Then  the  court 
fent  for  Mr.  Wheelwright,  and  he  perfifting  to  juf- 
tify  his  fermon.  and  his  whole  practice  and  opinions,  and 
refufing  to  leave  either  the  place  or  his  public  exercifing,he 
\vasdisfranchifed  and  banifhed.  Upon  which  he  appealed 
to  the  King,  but  neither  called  witnefles,  nor  defired  any 
aft  to  be  made  of  it.  The  court  told  him  that  an  appeal 
did  not  lay,  for  by  the  King's  grant,  we  had  power  to 
hear  and  determine  without  any  reservation  ;  fo  he  rc- 
linquifhed  his  appeal,  and  the  court  gave  him  leave  to  go 
to  his  houfe  ;  upon  his  promife,  that  if  he  were  not  gone 
out  of  the  juriidiftion  within  fourteen  days,  he  would 
render  himlelf  to  one  of  the  magiftrates. 

The  court  alfo  fent  for  Mrs.  Hutchinfon,  and  charged 
her  with  clivers,  matters,  as  her  keeping  two  public  lec- 
tures every  week  in  her  houfe,  whereto  Co  or  80  perfons 
did  ufually  refort,and  for  reproaching  moft  of  the  mini- 
fters,  viz.  all  except  Mr.  Cotton,  for  not  preaching  a  co- 
venant of  free  grace,  and  that  they  had  not  the  feal  of  the 
fpirit,  nor  were  able  minifters  of  the  new  teftament,  which 
were  clearly  proved  again  ft  her,  tho'  Ihe  fought  to  fhift 
it  off,  and  *fter  ma«y  fpeeches  to  and  fro,  at  laft  fhe  was 
fo  full  as  (he  could  not  contain,  but  vented  her  revelati- 
ons, amongft  which  this  was  one,  that  (he  had  it  revealed 
to  her  that  fhe fhould  come  into  New-England,  and  fhould 
here  be  prefented,  and  that  God  would  ruin  us  and  our 
poflerity  and  the  whole  flate  for  the  fame.  So  the  court 
proceeded  and  banifhed  her;  but  becauie  it  was  winter 
they  committed  her  to  a  private  houfe  where  fhe  was  well 
provided,  and  her  own  friends  and  the  elders  permitted 
to  go  to  her,  but  none  elfe. 

The  court  called  alfo  Capt.  Underbill  and  fome  five  or 
MX  more  of  the  principal  whofe  hands  were  to  the  faid 
petition,  and  becaufe  they  flood  to  juftify  it,  they  were 
disfranchifed,  and  fuch  as  had  public  places  were  put  from 
them. 

The  court  alfo  ordered  that  the  reft  who  had  fubfcribed 
the  petition  and  would  not  acknowledge  their  fault 
(which  near  20  of  them  did)  and  fome  others  who  had 

been 


JOURNAL. 

been  chief  ftirrers  in  thefe  contentions  &c.  fhould  be  dif- 
armed.     This  troubled  feme  of  them  very  much,  efpecial- 
ly  becaufe  they  were  to  bring  them  in  themfelves  ;  but  at  Mo.  10* 
lad  when  they  faw  no  remedy  they  obeyed. 

All  the  proceedings  ot  this  court  againft  thefe  perforts 
were  fet  down  at  large  with  the  reafons  and  other  obfer- 
Vations,  and  were  fent  into  England  to  be  publifhed  there, 
to  the  end  that  all  our  godly  friends  might  not  be  difcou- 
raged  from  coming  to  us. 

After  this,  many  of  the  church  of  Bofton  being  highly 
offerded  with  the  Governor  for  this'  proceeding,  were 
earned  with  the  elders  to  have  him  called  to  account  for 
it,  but  they  were  not  forward  in  it?  and  himfelf  under- 
ftanding  their  intent,  thought  fit  to  prevent  fuch  a  pub- 
lic diforder,  and  fo  took  occafion  to  {peak  to  the  congre- 
gation to  this  effect,  i.  That  if  he  had  been  called,  he 
would  have  defned  fird  to  have  advifed  with  the  Elders 
whether  the  church  had  power  to  cull  in  queflion  the 
proceeding  of  the  civil  court.  2.  He  would  have  con- 
fulted  witn  the  reft  of  the  court  whether  he  might  difco- 
ver  the  concerns  of  the  court  to  this  aflembly.  3.  Tho* 
he  knew  that  the  elders  and  fome  others  did  know  that 
the  church  could  not  inquire  into  the  juftice  and  proceed- 
ings of  the  court  &c.  yet  for  the  fan£hfication  of  fuch  as 
did  not  and  were  willing  to  be  iatisfied,  he  would  declare 
his  mind  herein.  4.  He  (hewed  that  if  the  church  had 
fuch  power  they  mud  have  it  from  Chrift,  but  C'irift  had 
difclaimed  it  in  his  praciicc,  as  by  rule — Luke  — Matth. 
—and  the  fcripture  holds  not  out  any  rule  or  example 
for  it  ;  and  tho'  Chrift'i;  kingly  power  be  in  his  church, 
yet  that  is  not  that  kingly  power  whereby  he  is  King  of* 
kings  and  Lord  of  lords,  for  by  that  kings  reign  and 
princes  &c. — It  is  true  indeed,  that  magiftrates  as  they 
are  church  members,  are  accountable  to  the  church  for 
their  failings,  but  that  is  when  they  are  out  of  their  call- 
ing, for  we  have  examples  of  the  higheft  magidrates  in 
the  fame  kind,  as  Uzzin  when  he  would  go  ofTer  incenfe 
in  the  temple,  the  officers  of  the  church  called  him  to  ac-  ^ 
count  and  withftood  him.  But  when  Afa  put  a  prophet 
in  prifon,  and  when  Salam  put  out  Abiathar  from  the 
priefthood,  the  one  being  a  good  aft  and  the  other  ill, 
yet  the  officers  of  the  church  did  not  call  either  to  ac- 
count for  it.  If  a  magidrate  fhall  in  a  private  way  take  s> 
away  a  man's  goods  or  his  fervant  &c.  the  church  may 
call  him  to  account  for  it,  but  if  he  doth  thus  in  prefuing 

T  a 


146  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1637.  a  courfe  of  juftice,  tho'  the  thing  be  unjuft,  yet  he  is  not 
q_— v-  _»  accountable.  5.  For  himfelf  he  did  nothing  in  the  cafes 
Mo.  10.  of  the  brethren  but  by  the  advice  and  direction  of  our 
teacher  and  other  of  the  elders.  For  in  the  o<tth  which 
was  adminifter'd  to  him  and  the  reft,  there  was  inferted 
by  his  advice,  this  claufe,  tk  In  all  cafes  wherein  you  are 
to  give  your  votes  &c.  you  are  to  give  your  vote  as  in 
your  judgment  and  confcience  you  (hall  fee  to  be  moft  for 
the  public  good"  &c.  and  fo  for  his  part  he  was  perfuad- 
ed  that  it  would  be  mod  for  the  glory  of  God  and  the 
public  good  to  pafs  fentencc  as  they  did.  6.  He  would 
give  them  one  reafon  which  was  the  ground  for  his  judg- 
ment, and  that  was  for  that  he  faw  that  thofe  brethren 
&c.  were  fo  divided  from  the  reft  of  the  country  in  their 
judgment  and  pra&ice  as  it  could  not  ftand  with  the  pub. 
lie  peace  that  they  fhould  continue  amongft  us,  fo  by  the 
example  of  Lot  in  Abraham's  family,  and  after  Hagar 
and  Ifhmael,  he  faw  they  muft  be  fent  away. 

Mo.  11.  The  church  at  Roxbury  dealt  with  divers  of  the  mem- 
bers who  had  their  hands  to  the  petition,  and  fpent  many 
days  in  public  meetings  to  have  brought  them  to  fee  their 
fin  in  that,  as  alfo  in  the  corrupt  opinions  which  they 
held,  but  could  not  prevail  with  them,  fo  they  proceeded 
to  two  or  three  admonitions,  and  when  all  was  in  union 
they  caft  them  out  of  the  church.  In  their  dealing  with 
them  they  took  fome  of  them  in  plain  lies  and  other  foul 
diftempers. 

9  Divers  of  the  elders  went  to  Weymouth  to  reconcile 
the  differences  between  the  people  and  Mr.  Sbyer  whom 
they  had  called  thither  with  intent  to  have  him  their  paf- 
tor.  They  had  good  fuccefs  of  their  pains. 
13  About  30  perfons  of  Bofton  going  out  in  a  fair  day  to 
Spe&acle  Ifland  to  cut  wood  (the  town  being  in  great 
want  thereof)  the  next  night  the  wind  rofe  fo  high  at 
N.E.  with  fnow.  and  after  at  N.W.  for  two  days,  and 
then1  it  froze  fo  hard  as  the  bay  was  all  frozen  up,  except 
a  little  channel.  In  this  twelve  of  thern  got  to  the  Gov- 
ernor's garden,  and,  feven  more  were  carried  in  the  ice  in 
a  fmall  fluff  out  at  broad  found,andkept  among  Brewfter's 
rocks  without  food  or  fire  two  days,  and  then  the  wind 
forbearing,  they  got  to  Pullin  point  to  a  little  houfe  there 
of  Mr.  Afpenwall.  Three  of  them  got  home  the  next 
day  over  the  ice,  but  their  hands  and  feet  frozen.  Some 
loft  their  fingers,  toes,  and  one  died,  The  reft  went  from 
Spe&acle  Ifland  to  the  main,  but  two  of  them  fell  into 

the 


JOURNAL.  147 

the  ice,  yet  recovered  again.     In  this  extremity  of  wea-      1637 

ther  a  fmall  pinnace  was  caft  away  upon  Long  I fl and  by  v v ' 

Natafcott,  but  the  men  were  found  and  came  home  upon 
the  ice. 

The  powder  and  arms  of  the  country  which  were  kept    16 
at  Bofton,  were  by  order  of  the  laft  court  carried  to  Rox- 
bury  and  Newtown.     This  year  a  plantation  was  began 
at  Te&icutt*  by  a  gentlewoman  an  ancient  maid  one  Mrs.  *Taunton. 
Poole,  £he  went  thither  and  endured  much  hardfhip  and 
loft  much  cattle— called  after  Taunton. 

Another  plantation  was  began  and  called  Sandwich 
about  15  miles  beyond  Plimouth  towards  Cape  God  by 
many  families  which  removed  from  Sagus,  otherwife 
Linn. 

Upon  occafion  of  the  cenfures  of  the  court  upon  Mrs. 
Hutchinfon  and  others,  divers  other  foul  errors  were  dif- 
covered  which  had  been  fecretly  carried  by  way  of  in- 
quiry, but  after  were  maintained  by  Mrs,  Hutchinfon  and 
others,  and  fo  many  of  Bofton  we're  tainted  with  them, 
as  Mr.  Cotton  finding  how  he  had  been  abufed,  and  made 
(as  himfeif  faid)  their  ftalking  horfe  (for  they  pretended \ 
to  hold  nothing  but  what  Mr.  Cotton  held  and  himfclf  did 
think  the  fame)  did  fpendmoft  of  his  time  both  publicly 
and  privately,  to  difcover  thefe  errors,  and  to  reduce  fuch 
as  were  gone  aftray.  And  alfo  the  magiftrates  calling  to- 
gether fuch  of  the  elders  as  were  near,  did  fpend  two  days 
in  confulting  with  them  about  the  way  to  help  the  grow- 
ing evils.  Some  of  the  (ecret  opinions  were  thefe,  That 
there  is  no  inherent  righteoufnefs  in  a  child  of  God — 
That  neither  abfolute  nor  conditional  praifes  belong  to 
a  chriftian — That  we  are  not  bound  to  the  law  not  as  a' 
rule  &c. — That  the  fabbath  is  but  as  other  days — That 
the  foul  is  mortal  'till  it  be  united  to  Chrift.  and  then  it  is 
annihilated,  and  the  body  alfo,  and  a  new  given  by  Chrift 
— That  there  is  no  refurrection  of  the  body. 

Divers  gentlemen  and  others  being  joined  in  a  military 
company,  defired  to  be  made  a  corporation,  but  the  coun-  Mo.  12.' 
cil  considering  from  the  example  of  the  Pa^orian  band 
among  the  Romans  and  the  templers  in  Europe,  how  dan- 
gerous it  might  be  to  ere£t  a  (landing  authority  of  milita- 
ry men,  which  might  eafily  in  time  overthrow  the  civil 
power,  thought  fit  to  ftop  it  betimes,  yet  they  were 
allowed  to  be  a  company,  but  fubordinate  to  all  autho- 
rity. 

About  this  time  the  Indians  which  were  in  our  fami- 
lies 


148  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1637.      lies  were  much  frighted  with  Hobbanock  (as  they  called 

V v '  the  Devil)  appearing  to  them  in   divers  fliapes,  and  per- 

fuading  them  to  foriake  the  Englifh,  and  not  to  come  at 
the  affemblies,  nor  to  learn  to  read  &c. 

26  Mr.  Pierce  in  the  Salem  fhip,  the  Defire,  returned  from 
the  W.  Indies  after  feven  months.  He  had  been  at  Pro- 
vidence and  brought  fome  cotton  and  tobacco  and  ne- 
groes &c,  and  fait  from  Tertugos.  Dry  fiih  and  flrong 
liquors  are  the  only  commodities  for  thofe  parts.  He 
met  there  two  rren  of  war  fet  forth  by  the  Lords  &c.  of 
Providence,  with  letters  of  marque  who  had  taken  divers 
prizes  from  the  Spaniards,  and  many  negroes. 

Mo.  i.        While  Mrs.  Hutchinfon  continued  at  Roxbury  divers 
^        of  the  elders  and  others  reforted  to  her,  and  finding  her 
to  periift   in  maintaining  thofe  grofs   errors  beforemen- 
tioned,  and  many  others  to  the   number  of  30  or  therea- 
bout, fome  of  them  wrote  to  the  church  at  Boflon,  offer- 

*5  *n?  *°  make  proof  of  the  fame  before  the  church  &c. 
whereupon  fhe  was  called  (the  magiftrates  being  defired 
to  give  her  licence  to  come)  and  the  lefture  was  appoint- 
ed to  begin  at  10.  The  general  court  being  then  at  New- 
town,  the  Governor  an'd  Treafurer^  being  members  of 
Boflon,  were  permitted  to  come  down,  but  the  reft  of 
the  court  continued  at  Newtown.  When  {he  appeared 
the  errors  were  read  to  her.  The  ift.  was,  that  the  fouls 
of  men  are  mortal  bv  generation,  but  after,  made  immor- 
tal by  Chrift's  purchafe.  This  fhe  maintained  a  long 
time,  but  at  length  fhe  was  fo  clearly  convinced  by  rea- 
fon  and  fcripture,  and  the  whole  church  agreeing  that 
fufficient  had  been  delivered  for  her  conviction,  that  fhe 
yielded  fhe  had  been  in  an  error.  Then  they  proceeded 
to  threeother  errors,  i.  That  there  was  no  refurreclion  of 
thefe bodies.  &  that  thefe  bodies  are  not  united  to  Chriir., 
but  every  perfon  united  hath  a  new  body  &c.  Thefe 
\verealfoclearlyconfuted,  but  yet.  fhe  held  her  error,  fo 
as  the  church  all,  but  two  of  her  fons,  agreed  fhe  fhould 
be  admonifhed,  and  becaufe  her  fons  would  not  agree  to 
it,  they  were  admonifhed  alfo.  Mr.  Cotton  pronounced 
the  fentence  of  admonition  with  great  folemnity,  and 
with  much  zeal  and  deteflation  of  her  errors  and  pride  of 
fpirit.  The  affernbly  continued  'till  8  fit  night,  and  all 
did  acknowledge  the  fpecial  prefence  of  God's  fpirit 
therein  ;  and  (he  was  appointed  to  appear  again  the 
next  lefture  day. 

While  the  general  court  fat,  there  came  a  letter  direft- 

ed 


JOURNAL.  149 

ad  to  the  court  from  John  Green  of  Providence  who  not ,  1638. 
long  before  had  been  imprifoned  and  fined  for  faying  that  v— — v 
the  magiilrates  had  ufurped  upon  the  power  of  Chrift  in  Mo. 
his  church,  a, id  had  perfecuted  Mr.  Williams  and  another 
whom  they  had  banifhed  for  difturbing  the  peace  by 
divulging  their  opinions  againft  the  authority  of 
the  magiilrates  &c.  but  upon  his  fubmiffion,  his  fine 
was  remitted,  and  now  by  his  letter  he  retra&ed 
his  former  fubmiffion  and  charged  the  court  as  he 
had  done  before.  Now  becaufe  the  court  knew 
that  divers  others  of  Providence  were  of  the  .fame 
ill  affeftion  to  the  court,  and  were  probably,  fufpe&ed  to 
be  confederate  in  the  fame  letter  ;  the  court  ordered  fiat 
if  any  of  that  plantation  were  found  within  our  jurifdic- 
tion,he  Ihould  be  brought  before  one  of  the  magiftrates, 
and  if  he  would  not  difcluim  the  charge  in  the  faid  let- 
ter, he  fhould  be  fent  home  and  charged  to  come  no  more 
into  this  jurifdidion  upon  pain  of  imprifonment  and  fur- 
ther ceniure. 

At  th'is  couit  divers  of  our  chief  military  officers  who 
had  declared  themielves  favorers  of  the  familiftical  pcr- 
fons  and  opinions  were  fent  for,  and  being  told  that  the 
court  having  fome  jealoufy  of  them  for  the  fame,  and 
therefore  did  defire  fome  general  fatisfa&ion  from  them, 
they  did  ingeaiouflv  acknowledge  how  they  had  been 
deceived  and  mifled  by  the  pretence  which  had  been  held 
forth  of  advancing  Chrift  and  debafing  the  creature,  which 
fince  they  had  found  to  be  otherwife,  and  that  their  opi- 
nions and  practice  led  to  difturbance  and  deluftons,  and 
fojblclled  God  that  had  fo  timely  discovered  their  error 
and  danger  to  them. 

At  this  court  a  committee  was  appointed  of  fome  ma- 
gi ft  ates,  fome  miniflers  and  fome  others  to  compile  a  bo- 
dy of  fundamental  laws.  Alfo  the  elders  who  had  been 
requefted  to  deliver  their  judgment  concerning  the  law 
of  adultery,  about  which  three  had  been  kept  long  in  pri- 
fon,  returned  their  anfwer  with  reafons  thereof,  to  this 
efre& — Tiaat  if  the  law  had  been  fufficicntly  publiihed 
they  ought  to  be  put  to  death.  Whereupon  the  court 
considering  that  ^ here  had  been  fome  difpute  in  that 
point,  and  efpecially  for  that  it  had  been  often  queftioned 
among  the  deputies  and  others  whether  that  law  were 
of  force  or  not,  being  made  by  tSe  court  of  afliftants  by 
allowance  of  the  General  Court,  therefore  it  was  thought 
fafeft  that  thei'e  three  perfons  fhould  be  whipped  and 
banifhed.  and  the  law  was  confirmed  and  publiftied. 


15o  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP^ 

1638.         The  Caftle  Ifland  being  found  to  be  very  chargeable 

* * — -'  to  maintain  the  garrifon  there,  and  of  little  u(e  but  only 

Mo'»  i.   to  have  fome  command  of  ihips  which  {hould  come  hither 
with  pafifengers  &c.  there  was  a  committee  appointed  to 
22    difpofc  of  the  ammunition  there  &c. 

Mrs.  Hutchinfon  appeared  again.  She  had  been  li- 
cenfed  by  the  court,  in  regard  (he  had  given  hope  of  her 
repentance,  to  be  at  Mr.  Cotton's  houfe,  that  both  he  and 
Mr.  Davenport  might  have  the  more  opportunity  to  deal 
with  her,  and  the  articles  being  again  read  to  her,  and  her 
anfwer  required,  (he  delivered  it  in  writing,  wherein  (lie 
made  a  retraction  of  near  all,  but  with  fuch  explanations 
and  circumftances  as  gave  ne  fatisfa&ion  to  the  church, 
fo  as  {he  was  required  to  fpeak  further  to  them.  Then 
{he  declared  that  it  was  juft  with  God  to  leave  her  to  her- 
felf  as  he  had  done,  for  flighting  his  ordinances,  both 
magiflracy  and  miniftry  ;  andVconfcffed  that  what  {he 
had  fpoken  againft  the  magiftrates  at  the  court  by  way  of 
revelation,  was  rafti  and  ungrounded,  and  defired  the 
church  to  pray  for  her.  This  gave  the  church  good  hope 
of  her  repentance,  but  when  fhe  was  examined  about 
fome  particulars  as  that  (he  had  denied  inherent  righteouf- 
nefs  &c.  {he  affirmed  that  it  was  never  her  judgment  : 
and  though  it  was  proved  by  many  teftimonies  that  {he 
had  been  of  that  judgment,  and  fo  had  perfifted,  and 
maintained  it  by  argument  againft  divers,  yet  fhe  impu- 
dently perfifted  in  her  affirmation  to  the  aftonifhment  of 
all  the  affcmbly,  fo  that  after  much  time  and  many  argu- 
ments had  been  fpent  to  bring  her  to  fee  her  tin,  but  all  in 
vain. the  church  with  one  confent  caftherout.  Some  mov- 
ed to  have  her  admonifhed  once  more,  but  it  being  for  ma- 
nifeft  evil  in  matter  of  converfation,  it  was  agreed  other- 
wife  ;  aud  for  that  reafon  alfo  the  fentence  was  denounc- 
ed by  the  paftor,  matter  of  manners  belonging  properly 
to  h-is  place.  After  fhe  was  excommunicated,  her  fpirit 
which  feemed  before  tobefomewhat  dejefted,  revived  a- 
gain,andfhe  gloried  in  herfufferings,  faying  that  it  was  the 
greateft  happinefs  next  to  Chrift,  that  ever  befel  her. 
Indeed  it  was  a  happy  day  to  the  church  of  Chrift  here, 
and  to  many  "poor  fouls  who  had  been  feduced  by  her 
who  by  what  they  heard  and  faw  that  day,  were,  thro' 
the  grace  of  God,  brought  off  quite  from  her  errors,  and 
fettled  again  in  the  truth. 

At  this  time  the  good  providence  of  God  fo  difpofed, 
clivers  of  the  congregation  (being  the  chief  men  of  the 
party,  herhufband  being  one)  were  gone  to  Naraganfett 


JOURNAL.  151 

to  feck  out  a  new  place  for  plantation,  and  taking  liking?1 
of  one  in  Plimouth  patent,  they  went  thither  to  have  it 
granted  them,  but  the  magiftrates   there  knowing   their    Mo, 
fpirit,   gave  them   a  denial,  but    confented    they  might 
buy  of  the  Indians  an  liland  in  the  Naraganfett  Bay. 

After  two  or  three  days  the  Governor  lent  a  warrant' 
to  Mrs.  Hutchinfon  to  'depart  this  jurifdi&ion  before  the 
lad  of  this  month,  according  to  the  order  of  court,  and 
for  that  end  fet  her  at  liberty  from  her  former  con- 
flraiqt,  fo  as  {he  was  not  to  go  forth  of  her  own  houfc 
'till  her  departure  ;  and  upon  the  28th.  (he  went  by  water 
to  her  farm  at  the  Mount,  where  fhe  was  to  take  water 
with  Mr.  Wheelwright's  wife  and  family  to  go  to  Pifcat : 
but  fhe  changed  her  mind  and  went  by  land  to  Provi- 
dence and  fo  to  the  Ifland  in  the  Naraganfett  Bay,  which 
her  hufband  and  the  reft  of  that  feet  had  purchafedof  the 
Indians  and  prepared  with  all  fpeed  to  remove  unto.  For 
the  court  had  ordered  that  except  they  were  gone  with 
their  families  by  fuch  a  time,  they  fhould  be  fummoned  to 
the  General  Court. 

Mr.  Davenport  &  Mr.Predden  &  a  brother  of  Mr.  Eaton  30 
being  miniftersalfOjWent  by  water  to  Quinepiack,  &  with 
them  many  families  removed  out  of  this  jurifdi&ion  to 
plant  in  thofe  parts,  being  much  taken  with  the  opinion 
of  the  fruitfulnefs  of  that  place,  and  more  fafety  (as  they 
conceived)  from  the  danger  of  a  General  Governor,  who 
was  feared  to  be  fent  this  iummer  ;  which  tho'  it  were  a 
great  weakening  to  thefe  parts,  yet  we  expected  to  fee 
a  good  providence  of  God  in  it  (for  all  poffible  means 
had  been  ufed  to  accommodate  them  here.  Charleftown 
offered  them  largely — Nevvbury  their  whole  town — the 
court  any  place  which  was  free)  both  for  pofleffing  thofe 
parts  which  lay  open  for  an  enemy,  and  lor  ftrcngthen- 
ing  our  friends  at  Connecticut,  and  for  making  room 
here  for  many  who  were  expe£led  out  of  England  this 
year,  and  for  diverting  the  thoughts  and  intentions  of 
fuch  in  England  as  intended  evil  againftus;  whofe  de- 
figns  might  be  fruftrated  by  our  Scattering  fo  far,  and 
fuch  as  were  now  gone  that  way  were  as  much  in  the  eye 
of  the  {late  of  England  as  \ve  here. 

There  came  letters  from  Connecticut  to  the  Governor 

of  the  Maffachufet's  to  defire  advice  from,  the  magiftrates 

and  elders  here  about  Sequin  and  the   Indians  of  the  ri- 
.  ver,  who  had  underhand,   as   was   conceived,  procured 

the  Pequods  to  do  that         at  Wethersfield  the  laft  year. 

The 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1638.      The  cafe  fell  out   to  be  this.     Sequin  gave  the   Englifli 

v v '  land  there  upon    Connecticut  that  he  might  fit  down  by 

Mo.  i.  them  and  be  protected.  When  he  came  to  Wethersfield 
and  had  fct  down  his  wigwam  they  drave  him  away  by 
force  ;  whereupon  he  not  being  of  ftrength  to  repair  this 
injury  by  open  force,  he  fecretly  draws  in  the  Pequods. 
Such  of  the  magiftrates  and  elders  as  could  meet  on  the 
fudden  returned  this  anfwer,  viz.  That  if  the  caufe  were 
thus,  Sequin  might  upon  this  injury  firft  offered  by  them 
right  himfelf  either  by  force  or  fraud,  and  that  by  the  law 
of  nations;  and  tho}  the  damage  he  had  done  them  had 
been  one  hundred  times  more  than  what  he  fuftained 
from  them,  that  is  not  confiderable  in  point  of  a juft  war, 
neither  was  he  bound,  upon  fuch  an  open  aft  of  hoftility 
publickly  maintained,  to  feek  fatisfa&ion  firft  in  a  pea- 
ceable way,  it  was  enough  that  he  had  complained  of  it 
as  an  injury  and  breach  of  covenant.  According  to  this 
advice  they  proceeded  and  made  a  new  agreement  with 
the  indians  of  the  river. 

*Mow  Another  plantation  was  now  in  hand  at  Mattakeefe* 
Yarmouth.  f}X  mjies  beyond  Sandwich.  The  undertaker  of  this  was 
one  Mr.  Batchellor  late  paflor  at  Sagus  (fince  called  Linn) 
being  about  76  years  of  age,  yet  he  walked  thither  on  foot 
in  a  very  hard  feafon.  He  and  his  company  being  all 
poor  men,  finding  the  difficulty,  gave  it  over,  and  others 
undertook  it. 

The  indians  of  Block  Ifland  tent  three  men  with  10  fa- 
thom of  wampom  for  part  of  their  tribute. 

The  wife  of  one  William  Dyer  a  millener  in  the  new 
exchange,  a   very  promp  and  fair  woman,    and   both  of 
them  notorioufly  infefted  with  Mrs.  Hutchinfon's  errors, 
and  very  cenforious  and  troublefome,  and  fhe  being  of  a 
very  proud  fpirit  and  much  addicted  to  revelations,  had 
been   delivered  of  a  child   fome  four  months  before,  and 
the   child  buried   (being  flill  born)    and   viewed  of  none 
but   Mrs.   Hutchinfon    and    the    midwife  one  Hawkin's 
•wife,  a  rank  familift  alfo.  and  another  woman   had   a 
glimpfe  of  it,  who  not  being  able  to  keep  counfel.   as  the 
other  two  did,  fome  rumour  began  to  fpread  that  the  child 
was  a   monfter.     One   of  the   elders  hearing  of  it  a^ked 
Mrs.  Hutchinfon  when  fhe  was  ready  to  depart,  where- 
upon fhe  told  him  how  it  was,  and  faid  fhe  meant  to  have 
it  chronicled,  but  excufed  her  concealing  of  it  until  then, 
by  advice  (as  fhe  faid)  of  Mr.  Cotton,  which    coming  to 
the  Governor's  knowledge,  he  called  another  of  the  ma- 
giftrates 


. 

JOURNAL.  153 

giftrates  and  that  elder,  and  fent  for  the  midwife,  and  ex-  1638. 
amined  her  about  it.  At  firfl  {"he  confeffed  only  that  the 
head  was  defective  and  mifplaced,  but  being  told  that  Mo. 
Mrs.  Hutchinfon  had  recalled  all,  and  that  he  intended 
to  have  it  taken  up  and  viewed,  {he  made  this  report  of 
it,  viz.  It  was  a  woman  child  Mill  born,  about  two  months 
before  the  jufl  time,  having  life  a  few  hours  before.  It 
came  hiplings  'till  fhe  turned  it,  Jt  was  of  ordinary  big- 
nefs — it  had  a  face,  but  no  head,  and  the  ears  flood  upon 
the  fhouldersand  were  like  an  ape*s.  It  had  no  forehead, 
but  over  the  eyes  four  horns  hard  and  fharp  ;  two  of 
them  were  about  one  inch  long,  the  other  two  fhorter— - 
the  eyes  (landing  out  and  the  mouth  alfo — the  nofe  hook- 
ed upwards — all  over  the  bread  and  back  full  of  fharp 
pricks  and  fcales  like  a  thornback. — The  navel  and  ail 
the  belly  with  the  diflinftion  of  the  fex,  were  where  the 
back  fhouldbe,  and  the  back  and  hips  before  where  the 
belly  fhould  have  been.  Behind  between  the  fhoulders 
it  had  two  mouths,  and  in  each  of  them  a  piece  of  red 
flefh  flicking  out.  It  had  arms  and  legs  as  other  chil- 
dren, but  inftead  of  toes  it  had  on  eack  foot  three  claws 
like  a  young  fowl  with  fharp  talons. 

The  Governor  fpeaking  with  Mr.  Cotton  about  it,  he 
told  him  the  reafon  why  he  advifed  them  to  conceal  it. 
i .  Becaufe  he  faw  a  providence  of  God  in  it,  that  the  reft 
of  the  women  which  were  coming  and  going  in  the  time 
of  travail  fhould  then  be  abfent.  2.  He  confidered  that 
if  it  had  been  his  own  cafe  he  fhould  have  defired  to  have 
had  it  concealed.  3.  He  had  known  other  monflrous 
births  which  had  been  concealed,  and  that  he  thought 
God  might  intend  only  the  inflru&ion  of  the  parents  and 
fuch  other  to  whom  it  was  fhown  &c.  The  like  apology 
he  made  for  himfelf  in  public  \vhich  wa*s  well  accepted. 

The  Governor,  with  advice  of  fome  other  of  the  magif- 
trates  and  of  the  elders  of  Boflon,  caufed  the  faid  monfler 
to  betaken  up,  and  tho'  it  were  much  corrupted,  yet  mod 
of  thefe  things  were  to  be  feen,  as  the  horns  and  claws, 
the  fcales  &c.  When  it  died  in  the  mother's  body  (which 
was  about  two  hours  before  the  birth)  the  bed  v  heieon 
the  mother  lay  did  fhake,  and  withal  there  was  fuch  a 
noifome  favour  as  mofl  of  the  women  were  taken  with 
convulfions  (which  they  never  had  before  nor  after)  and 
fo  were  fent  for  home,  fo  as  by  thefe  occafions  it  came  to 
be  concealed. 

Another  thing  obfervable  was  the  difcovery  of  it.  which 
was  jufl  when  Mrs.  Hutchinfon  was  caft  out  of  the 

U 


54  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1638.     church,  for  Mrs.  Dyer  going  fortli  with  her,  a  ftranger 

v' '  afked  what  young  woman  it  was,  the  other  aniwered  it 

Mo.  2.  was  the  woman  which  had  the  monfter,  which  gave  the 
firrl  occafion  to  fome  that  heard  it  to  fpeak  of  it.  Ihc 
midwife  prefently  after  tnis  difcovery  went  out  of  the 
jurifdi&ion,  and  indeed  it  was  time  for  her  to  be  gone- 
forit  was  known  that  {he  ufed  to  give  young  women  oil 
of  mandrakes  and  other  fluff  to  cauie  conception  ;  and 
fiie  grew  into  great  fufpicion  to  be  a  u  itch,  for  it  w;  s 
credibly  reported  that  when  {he  gave  any  medicine^  (f  r 
{he  pradifed  phyfic)  fhe  would  aik  the  patient  if  fhe  did 
believe  fhe  could  help  her  &c. 

Another  obfervable  paffage  was,  that  the  father  of  this 
monfter  coming  home  at  this  very  time,  was  the  next 
Lords  day  queflioned  in  the  church  for  divers  monfi  •  us 
errors,  as  tor  denying  all  inherent  righteoulneis  &c. 
which  he  maintained,  and  was  for  the  fame  aomonifhed. 

12  A  general  faft  was  kept  thro'  all  the  churches  by  ad- 
vice from  the  court,  for  fecking  the  Lord  to  prevent  evil 
that  we  feared  to  be  intended  againfl  us  from  England 
by  a  general  Governor — for  the  fafe  arrival  of  our  friends 
from  thence  (very  many  being  expected)  and  for  eilab- 
lifhment  of  peace  and  truth  amongft  us» 

si  Owfamekin  thefachem  of  Acooemeck  on  this  fide  Con- 
necticut, came  to  the  Governor  and  brought  a  prefcnt  of 
eighteen  ^kins  of  beaver  from  himfelf  and  the  fachems  of 
Mohegan  beyond  Connecticut,  and  Pakontuckett.  The 
occafum  was,  (as  he  faid)  it  was  reported  that  we  were 
angry  wifh  him,  and  intended  to  war  upon  them,  fo  they 
came  to  fcek  peace.  The  Governor  received  the  preient, 
and  having  none  of  the  other  magiftrates  at  hand  to  ad- 
vife  with,  anfwered  them,  that  if  they  had  done  no  wrong 
to  the  Englifh,  nor  aided  our  enemies,  we  would  be 
at  peace  with  them,  and  according  fignified  fo  much  to 
the  magiftrates  at  Connecticut.  They  took  this  anfwer 
well,  and  departed  with  the  letter. 

23  This  was  a  very  hard  winter.  Tfre  fnow  lay  from 
Nov.  4th.  to  March  23d. one  and  an.half  yard  deep  about' 
the  MalTachufetts,  and  a  yard  deep  beyond  Merrimack, 
and  fo  the  rrore  North  the  deeper,  and  the  fpring  was 
very  backward.  Thisgday  it  did  fnow  two  hours  together 
(after  much  rain  from  N.  Eaft)  with  flakes  as  great  as 
{hillings.  This  was  in  the  year  1637. 

p.6        Mr.     Coddington  who  had  been  an  afiiftant  from  the 

fail  coming  over  of  the  Governor,  being  with  his  wife, 

'^l^'f  taker* 

' 


JOURNAL.  155 

t,ken  with  the  familiilical  opinions,  removed-  to  Aquiday      163$. 
lilandin  the  Naraganfett  Bay.  v ~  .  j 

At  the  com  of  ekclions  the  Former  Governor  John  Mo.  3.  2 
Winthiop  was  cholen  again.     The  fame  day  at  night  he 
1  ^' *s  taksn  wifh  a   (harp   fever  which  brought  him  near 
death,  but  many  prayers  were  put  up  to  the  Lord  for  him, 
and  he  was  reftored  after  one  month. 

This  court  the  name  of  Newtown  was  altered  and  it 
was  called  Cambridge. 

The  J  pring  was  fo  cold  that  men  were  Forced  to  replant 
their  corn  two  or  three  times,  for  it  rotted  in  the  ground ; 
but  when  we  feared  a  great  dearth  God  lent  a  warm  fea- 
fon,  which  brought  on  corn  beyond  expectation. 

Between  three  and  four  "in  the  afternoon,  being  clear  Mo.  4.  t 
warm  weattrer,  the  wind  Wefterly,  there  was  a  great 
earthquake  ;  it  came  with  a  noife  like  a  continued  thun- 
der, or  ilva  rattling  of  coaches  in  London,  but  was  pre- 
fently  gone.  It  was  at  Connecticut,  at  Naraganfett,  at 
Pifcat :  and  all  the  parts  round  about.  It  fhook  the  (hips 
which  rode  in  the  harbour  and  all  the  I  (lands.  1  he  noife 
and  the  fhaking  continued  about  four  minutes.  The  earth 
was  unquiet  20  days  after  by  times. 

Unkus  (alias  Okoco)  the  Mohegan  fachem  in  the  twirl  5 
of  Pequod  river  came  to  Bofton  with  37  men.  He  came 
from  Connecticut  with  Mr.  Haynes,  and  tendred  the 
Governor  a  prefent  of  20  fathom  of  waiupom.  This  was 
at  the  court,  and  it  was  thought  fit  by  the  council  to  refufe 
it  'till  he  had  given  fatisfaclion  about  the  Pequods  he 
kept  &c.  Upon  this  he  was  much  deje£led,  and  made 
account  we  would  have  killed  him,  but  two  days  after, 
having  received  good  fatisfaftion  of  his  inocency  &c.  and 
he  promifing  to  lubmitto  the  order  of  the  EngHCh  touch- 
ing the  Pequods  he  had,  and  the  difference  between  the 
Naraganfetis  and  him,  we  accepted  his  prefent.  And  a- 
bouthalf  an  hour  after  he  came  to  the  Governor,  and  en- 
tertained him  with  thefe  compliments.  This  heart  (lay- 
ing his  hand  upon  his  bread]  is  not  mine  but  yours.  I 
have  no  men,  they  are  all  yours.  Command  me  any  dif- 
ficult thing,  I  will  do  it.  I  will  not  believe  any  Indians 
words  againftthe  EngUfh.  If  any  man  (hall  kill  an  En- 
glifhman,  I  will  put  him  to  death  were  he  ever  fo  dear 
to  me.  So  the  Governor  gave  him  a  fair  red  coat,  and 
defrayed  his  and  his  men's  due,  and  gave  them  corn  to 
relieve  them  homeward,  and  a  letter  of  protection  to  all 
men  &c.  and  he  departed  very  joyful. 

Many 


156  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1638.  Many  fhips  arrived  this  year  with  people  of  good  qua- 
L-— v— - J  lity  and  eftate,  notwilhllanding  the  councils  order  that 
Mof  4.  none  Ihould  come  without  the  King's  licence,  but  God 
ib  wrought  that  fome  obtained,  and  others  came  away 
without.  The  troubles  which  arofe  in  Scotland 
about  the  book  of  common  prayer,  and  the  canons  which 
the  King  would  have  forced  upon  the  Scotch  churches, 
did  fo  take  up  the  King  and  council  that  they  had  neither 
heart  nor  leifure  to  look  after  the  affairs  of  New-Eng- 
land, yet  upon  report  of  the  many  thoufands  which  were 
preparing  to  come  away,  the  archbifhops  caufed  all  fhips 
to  be  flayed,  bat  upon  the  petition  of  the  mafters,  and 
fuggeftion  of  the  great  danger  it  would  be  to  the  com- 
monwealth in  hindering  the  Newfoundland  trade,  which 
brought  in  much  money  &c.  they  were  prefently  releaf- 
ed,  and  in  this  and  other  paiTages  it  plainly  appeared  that 
near  all  the  Lords  of  the  council  did  favor  this  planta- 
tion, and  all  the  officers  of  the  cuftom  houfe  were  very 
ready  to  further  it,  for  they  never  made  fearch  of  any 
goods  &c.  but  let  men  bring  what  they  would  without 
queflion  or  controul,  for  ft  nee  the  Lords  avowed  their 
party  &c.  they  and  others  who  favored  not  religion  were 
amazed  to  fee  men  of  all  conditions,  rich  and  poor,  fer- 
vants  and  others,  offering  themfelves  fo  readily  for  New- 
England,  when  for  furnifhing  of  other  plantations  they 
were  forced  to  fend  about  their  flails,  and  when  they 
had  gotten  any  they  were  forced  to  keep  them  as  prifoners 
Mo.  6.  3  from  running  away. 

In  the  night  was  a  very  great  tempefl  or  hurricane  at 
S.W.  which  drave  a  fhip  on  ground  at  Charleftown  and 
brake  down  the  windmill  there,  and  did  much  other  harrit , 
It  flowed  twice  in  fix  hours,  and  about  Naraganfett  it 
raifed  the  tide  14  or  15  foot  above  the  ordinary  fpring 
tides,  upright. 

Janemoh  the  fachem  of  Niantick  had  gone  to  Long 
Ifland  and  rifled  fome  of  thofe  indians  which  were  tribu- 
taries to  us.  The  fachem  complained  to  our  friends  of 
Connecticut  who  wrote  us  about  it,  andfent  Capt.  Mafon 
*  with  feven  men  to  require  fatisfaftion.  The  Governor 
of  Maffachufetts  wrote  alfo  to  Mr.  Williams  to  treat  with 
Miantonomoh  about  fatisfaftion,  or  otherwife  to  bid 
them  look  for  war.  Upon  this  Janemoh  went  to  Con- 
nefticut  and  made  his  peace  and  gave  full  fatisfa&ion  for 
all  injuries. 

Two  fhips  which  came  over  this  year  much  peftured, 

loft 


JOURNAL.  157 

loft  many  paflengers,  and  fome  principal  men,  and  many       1638. 

fell  Tick  after    they  were  landed,     and    many  of    them  v v— J 

died.  Mo.  6. 

Four  fervants  of  Plirnouth  ran  from  their  matters,  and 
coming  to  Providence,  they  killed  an  indian.  He  efcap- 
"ed  after  he  was  deadly  wounded  in  the  belly  and  got  to 
other  indians,  fo  being  difcovered  they  fled  and  were 
taken  at  the  Ifle  Aqui.Uy.  Mr.  Williams  gave  notice  to 
the  Governor  of  Malfachufetts  and  defired  advice.  He 
returned  anfwer,  that  feeing  they  were  of  Plimouth  they 
fhoulu  certify  Plimouth  of  them,  and  if  they  would  fend 
for  theai  to  deliver  them,  otherwife,  feeing  no  Englifli- 
man  had  jurisdi£li£lion  in  the  place  where  the  murder 
was  committed,  neither  had  they  at  the  Ifiand  any  Gov- 
ernor ellablilhed,  it  would  be  fafcft  to  deliver  the  prin- 
cipal (who  was  certainly  known  to  have  killed  the  party) 
to  the  Indians  his  friends,  with  caution  that  they  fhould 
not  put  him  to  torture,  and  to  keep  the  other  three  to 
further  confideration.  After  this  Plimouth  men  fent  for 
them,  but  one  had  efcaped,  and  the  Governor  there  wrote 
to  the  Governor  here  for  advice,  efpecially  for  that  he 
heard  they  intended  to  appeal  into  England.  The  Gov- 
ernor returned  anfwer  of  encouragement  to  proceed  not- 
withftanding  feeing  no  appeal  did  lier  for  that  they  could 
not  be  tried  in  Ergland,  and  that  the  whole  country 
here  were  interefted  in  the  cafe  and  would  expeft  to 
fee  juftice  done,  whereupon  they  proceeded  as  appears 
after. 

Many  of  Boflon  and  others  who  were  of  Mrs.  Hutch- 
infon's  judgment  and  party  removed  to  the  Ifle  of  Aqui- 
day,  and  many  who  were  of  the  rigid  feperatifts  and  fa- 
voured anabaptifm  removed  to  Providence,  fo  as  thofc 
parts  began  to  be  well  peopled. 

There  came  over  this  fummer  9.0  foips,  and  at  lead, 
300  perfons,  fo  as  they  were  forced  to  look  out  new 
plantations.  One  was  began  at  Merrimack  and  ano- 
ther four  or  five  miles  above  Concord,  and  another  at 
Winicowett. 

The  three  prifoners  being  brought  to  Plimoufh  and  ex-  f 
amined,  did  all  confefs  the  murder,  and  that  they  did  it 
to  get  his  wampom  &c.  but  all  the  queftion  was  about 
the  death  of  the  indian,  for  no  man  eould  witnefs  that  he 
faw  him  dead,  but  Mr.  Williams  and  Mr.  James  of  Provi- 
dence made  oath  that  his  wound  was  mortal  ;— at  laft 
two  indians,  who  \vith  much  difficulty  were  procred 

to 


158  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1638.     to  come  to  the  trial  (for  they  dill  feared  that  the  Englifh 

1 vr- — J  were   confpired  to  kill  all  the  Indians)  made  oath  after 

this  manner,  viz.  that  if  he  were  not  dsad  of  that  wound 
then  they  would  fuffer  death.  Upon  this  they  three 
were  condemned  and  executed.  Two  of  them  died  very 
penitently,  efpecially  Arthur  Peach.,  a  young  man  of 
good  parentage  and  fair  conditioned,  and  who  had  done 
very  good  fervice  againft  the  Pcquods. 

The  fourth  efcaped  to  Pifcat:  the  Governor  fent  after 
him,  but  thofe  of  Pifcat:  conveyed  him  away  and  open- 
ly withftood  his  apprelienfion.  It  was  their  uiual  man- 
ner (fome  of  them)  to  countenance  all  fuch  lewd  perfons 
as  fled  from' us  to  them. 

MO.  7-  The  General  Court  was  afiembled,  in  which  it  was  a- 
greed,  that  whereas  a  very  flri£l  order  was  fent  from  the 
Lords  Commiflioners  for  plantations  for  the  fending 
home  our  Patent,  upon  pretence  that  judgment  had  palled 
againft  it  upon  a  Quo  Warranto,  a  letter  ihould  be  written 
by  the  Governor  in  the  name  of  the  court  to  excufe  our 
not  fending  of  it,  for  it  was  re/blved  to  be  bed  not  to  fend 
it,  becaufe  then  fuch  of  our  friends  and  others  in  Eng- 
land would  conceive  it  to  be  furrendered,  and  that  there- 
,  upon  we  fhould  be  bound  to  receive  fuch  a  Governor 
and  fuch  orders  as  fhould  be  fent  to  us,  and  many  bad 
minds,  yea,  and  fome  weak  ones  among  ourfelves  would 
think  it  lawful,  if  not  necefiary,  to  accept  a  General  Gov- 
ernor. The  copy  of  the  letter  is  referved  &c.  in  form  of 
a  petition.  See  the  after  fol.  pag. 

At  this  court  a  law  was  made  about  fuch  as  fhould 
continue  excommunicated  fix  months,  and  for  public 
thankfgiving  for  the  arrival  of  the  fhips  and  for  the  com- 
ing in  of  harveft  beyond  expe&ation  &c.  This  law  was 
after  repealed. 

xAt  this  court  alfo  Capt.  Underbill  being  about  to  re- 
move to  Mr.  Wheelwright,  petitioned  for  three  hundred 
acres  of  land  promifed  him  formerly,  by  occafion  where- 
of he  was  queftioned  about  fome  fpeeches  he  had  ufed 
in  the  fliip  lately  in  his  return  out  of  England,  viz.  that 
he  (hould  fay  that  we  were  zealous  here  as  the  Scribes 
and  Pharifees  were,  and  as  Paul  was  before  his  converfi- 
on  &c.  which  he  denying,  they  were  proved  to  his  face 
by  a  fober  godly  woman  whom  he  had  feduced  in  the 
{hip,  and  drew  to  his  opinion,  but  (he  was  after  freed 
again.  Among  other  paflfages  he  told  her  how  he  came 
to  his  afTurance,  and  that  was  thus— He  had  lain  under 


JOURNAL.  ,59 

a  fpirit  of  bondage  and  a  legal  way  five  years,  and  could  1638. 
get  no  affurance  'till  at  length  as  he  was  .taking  a  pipe  of  u— y-— — ' 
tobacco,  the  fpirit  fet  home  an  abfolute  promife  of  free  Mo.  7. 
grace,  with  fuch  affurance  and  joy  as  he  never  fince 
doubted  of  his  good  eflate,  neither  fhould  he,  tho'  he 
fhould  fall  into  fin.  He  would  not  confefs  nor  deny 
this,  but  took  exceptions  at  the  court  for  crediting  one 
witnefs  againft  him,  and  withal  faid  he  was  ftillofthe 
fame  opinion  he  had  been  &c.  whereupon  he  was  de- 
manded if  he  were  of  the  fame  opinion  he  had  been  in 
about  the  petition  or  remonftrance,  he  anfwered  yes.  and 
that  his  retraction  was  only  of  the  manner,  not  the  mat- 
ter.  Whereupon  his  retraftion  which  he  had  lately  de« 
livered  to  the  Governor  to  be  prefented  to  this  court  was 
read,  wherein  he  proferTeth  how  the  Lord  had  brought 
him  to  fee  his  fin  in  condemning  the  court  and  pafing  the 
bounds  of  modefty  and  fubmiffion  which -is  required  in 
private  peribns  &c.  and  in  what  trouble  of  fpirit  he  had 
been  for  it.  Upon  this  the  court  committed  him  for  abuf- 
ing  the  court  with  a  (hew  of  retraction  and  intending  no 
fuch  thing,  and  the  next  day  he  was  called  again  and  ba- 
niihed.  The  Lords  day  following  he  made  a  fpeech  in 
the  aflembly,  fhewing  that  as  the  Lord  was  pleafed  to 
convert  Paul,  as  he  was  in  perfecuting  &c.  fo  he  might 
manifeffc  himfelf  to  him  as  he  was  taking  the  moderate- 
ufe  of  the  creature  called  tobacco.  He  profeffed  withal 
that  he  knew  not  wherein  he  had  deferved  the  fentence 
of  the  court,  and  that  he  was  fure  that  Chrift  was  his  &c. 
The  elders  reproved  him  for  his  fpeech,  and  Mr.  Cotton 
told  him  that  he  brake  a  rule  in  condemning  publickly 
the  fentence  of  the  court,  before  he  had  privately  con- 
vinced the  magiflrates  or  feme  of  them,  and  told  him  alfo 
that  altho'  God  doth  often  lay  a  man  under  a  fpirit  of 
bondage  when  he  is  walking  in  fin  as  Paul  was,  yet  he 
never  fends  fuch  a  fpirit  of  comfort  but  in  an  ordinance, 
as  he  did  to  the  fame  Paul  by  Ananias,  and  fo  advifed 
him  well  to  examine  the  revelation  and  joy  which  he 
had. 

The  next  Lord's  day  the  fame  Capt  .Underbill  having 
been  privately  dealt  with  upon  fufpicion  of  incontinency 
with  a  neighbour's  wife,  and  not  hearkening  to  i:.  was 
publickly  queftioned  and  put  under  admonition.  The 
matter  was,  for  that  the  woman  being  young  and  beauti- 
ful, and  withal  of  a  jovial  fpirit  and  behaviour  he  did  dai- 
ly frequent  her  houie,  and  was  clivers  times  found  tliere 

alone 


160  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1638.      alone  with  her,  the  door  being  locked  in  the  infide.     He 

v v. '  confefled  it  was  ill  becaufe  it  had  an    appearance  of  evil 

Mo.  7."  in  it,  but  his  excufe  was  that  the  woman  was  in  great  trou- 
ble of  mind  and  fore  temptation,  and  th<»i  he  reforted  to 
her  to  comfort  her,  and  that  when  the  door  was  found 
locked  upon  them  they  were  in  private  prayer  together, 
but  this  praftice  was  clearly  condemned  alfo  by  the  el- 
ders, affirming  that  it  had  not  been  of  good  report 
for  any  of  them  to  have  done  the  like,  and  that  they 
ought  in  fuch  cafe  to  have  called  in  fome  brother  or  fil- 
ter, and  not  to  have  locked  the  door  &c.  They  alfo  de- 
clared that  once  he  procured  them  to  go  vifit  her,  telling 
them  that  (he  was  in  great  trouble  of  mind,  but  when 
they  came  to  her,  taking  her  it  feems  upon  the  fudden, 
they  perceived  no  fuch  thing.  See  the  iffue  of  this  af- 
ter. 

Mrs.  Hutchinfon  being  removed  to  the  Ifle  of  Aquiday 
in  the  Naraganfett  Bay,  after  her  time  was  fulfilled  that 
flie  expefted  deliverance  of  a   child,  was  delivered  of  a 
monftrous  birth,    which    being    divcrfly   related  in   the 
countiy,  and  in  the  open  aflcmbly  at  Bofton  upon  alefture 
day  declared  by  Mr.  Cotton  to   be,   27   fingula  frufta  vel 
globules  feminis  mafculini  fine  ulla  mutatione  aut  mixtu- 
ra  tie  fernina — and  thereupon   gathered  that  it  might  fig- 
nify  her  error  in  denying  inherent  righteoufnefs,  but  that 
all   was  Chrift  in  us,  and   nothing  of  ours  in  our  faith, 
love  £c.     Hereupon  the  Governor  wrote  to  Mr.  Clark 
a  phyfician  and  a  preacher  to  thofe  of  the  Ifland  to  know 
the   certainty   thereof,  who    returned   him   this    anfwer. 
Mrs.  Hutchinfon,  fix  weeks  before  her  delivery,  perceiv- 
ed her  body  to  be  greatly  diftempered,  and  her  fpirits  fail- 
ing, and  in  the  regard  doubtful   of  life,    fhe   fent   to  me 
&c.  and  not  long  after  (in    immoderate  fluor  and  urine) 
it  \vas  brought  to  light,  and  1  was  called  to  fee  it,  which 
I  beheld  firft  unwafhed,   and  afterwards  in  warm  water, 
feveial  lumps,  every  one  of  them  greatly  confufed,  and 
if  you  condder  each  of  them  according  to   the  reprefenta- 
flon   of  the  whole,  they  were  altogether  without   form, 
but  if  they  were  confidered  in  refpecl;  of  the  parts  of  each 
lump  of  flefh,  there  was  then  a  reprefentation  of  innume- 
idble  diftin£l  bodies  in  the  form  of  a  globe,  not  much  un- 
like the  (kins  of  fomefiih,  fo  confufedly  knit  together  by 
fo  many  feveral  firings  (which  I  conceive  were  the  be- 
ginnings of  veins  and  nerves)  fo  that  it  was  impoflible  ei- 
ther to  number,  the  fmall  round  pieces  in  every  lump, 

much 


JOURNAL. 

much  lefs  to  difcern  from  whence  every  firing  did  fetch 
its  original,  they  were  fo  fnarled  one  with  another.  The 
fmall  globes  I  likewife  opened,  and  perceived  the  matter  Mo. 
of  them  (fetting  afide  the  membrane  in  which  they  were 
involumcd)  to  be  partly  wind  and  partly  water.  Of 
thefe  fevcral  lumps  there  were  about  26,  according  to  the 
relation  of  thofe  who  more  narrowly  fearchea  into  the 
number  of  them.  I  took  notice  of  iix  or  feven  of  fome 
bignefs,  the  reft  were  fmall,  but  all,  as  I  have  declared, 
except  one  or  two  which  differed  much  from  the  reft 
both  in  matter  and  form  ;  and  the  whole  was  Jike 
the  of  the  being  fimular  and  every  where  like 

itfelf.     When  I  had  opened  it  the  matter  feemed  to  be 
hard  congealed. 

The  Governor  not  fatisfied  with  this  relation,  fpake 
after  with  the  faid  Mr.  Clark,  who  thus  cleared  all  the 
doubts.  The  lumps  were  26  or  27  Giftinft  and  not  join- 
ed together  ;  there  came  no  fecundines  after  them — fix 
of  them  were  as  great  as  his  nft,  and  one  as  great  as  his 
two  fifts  ;  the  reft  each  leis  than  other,  and  the  fmalleit 
about  the  bignefs  of  the  top  of  his  thumb.  The  globes 
were  round  things  included  in  the  lumps,  about  the  big- 
nefs of  a  fmall  indian  bean,  and  like  the  pearl  in  a  man's 
eye.  The  two  lumps  which  differed  from  the  reft  were 
like  |  liver  or  congealed  blood,  and  had  no  fmali 
globes  in  them  as  the  reft  had.  Mr.  Cotton  next  lefture 
day  acknowledged  his  error,  and  that  he  had  his  irtfor- 
mation  by  a  letter  from  her  hufband. 

A  fhip  of  Barnftable  arrived  with  about  80  pafiengers,  8, 
near  all  weftern  people.  There  came  with  them  a  godly 
minifter,  one  Mr.  Matthews.  Here  arrived  a  fmall  Spa- 
nifh  frigate  with  hides  and  tallow,  fhe  was  a  prize  taken 
by  Capt.  Newman  who  was  fetout  with  letters  of  marque 
by  the  Lords  &c.  of  the  Ifle  of  Providence. 

This  year  there  came  a  letter  from  Mr.  Thomas  M 
Clerk  of  the  Council  in  England,  direfted  to  Mr.  Win- 
throp  the  prefent  Governor,  and  therein  an  order  from 
the  Lords  Commifiioners  for  foreign  plantations  (being 
all  of  the  Council)  wherein  they  ftraightly  required  the 
Patent  to  be  fent  home  by  the  firft  fhip.  This  letter  and 
order  were  produced  at  the  General  Court  laft  paft,  and 
there  agreed  not  to  fend  home  the  Patent,  but  to  return 
anfwer  to  the  Lords  by  way  of  humble  petition,  which 
was  drawn  up  and  fent  accordingly.  Thefe  in ftruments 

X  arc 


52  .     G  O  V  E  R  N  O  R     W  1  N  THRO  P's 

1638.      arc  all   among  the  Governor's   papers,  and  the  effeft  of 

— v -'  them  would  be  here  inferted. 

25  Being  the  third  day  of  the  week,  and  two  days  before 
the  change,  the  wind  having  blown  at  N.E.  ail  the  day 
and  rainy  in  the  night,  was  a  mighty  tempeit,  and  withal 
the  higheft  tide  which  had  been  fcen  fince  our  coming 
into  this  coumry,  but  thro'  the  good  providence  of  God, 
it  did  lit:le  harm.  About  14  days  after  the  wind  having 
been  at  N.W.  and  then  calm  turn,  came  in  the  greatest 
eaftern  lea  which  had  been  in  our  time.  Mr.  Pierce  who 
came  in  a  week  after  had  that  time  a  very  great  temper! 
three  days  at  N.  Eaft. 

A  remarkable  providence  appeared  in  a  cafe  which 
was  tried  at  the  lad  court  of  affiftants.  Divers  neigh- 
bours of  Linn,  by  agreement,  kept  their  cattle  by  turns. 
It  fell  out  to  the  turn  of  one  Gillow  to  keep  them,  and 
as  he  was  driving  them  forth,  another  of  thefe  neighbours 
went  along  with  him  and  kept  fo  earneflly  in  talk  that  his 
cattle  ftrayed  and  got  in  the  corn,  then  this  other  neigh- 
bour left  him  and  would  not  help  him  recover  his  cattle, 
but  went  and  told  another  how  he  had  kept  Gillow  in 
talk  that  he  might  lofe  his  cattle  &c.  The  cattle  getting 
into  the  indian  corn  eat  fo  much  'ere  they  could  be 
gotten  Out,  that  two  of  them  fell  fick  of  it,  and  one  of 
them  died  prefently,  and  thefe  two  cows  were  that  neigh- 
bours cows  who  had  kept  Gillow  in  talk,  &c.  The  man 
brings  his  aclion  againft.  Gillow  for  his  cow,  not  know- 
ing that  he  had  witnefs  of  his  fpeech,  but  Gillow  pro- 
ducing witnefs  &c.  barred  him  of  his  action,  and  had 
good  coft  &c. 

Thcecmit  taking  into  confidaration  the  great  diforder 
proceeding  thro'  the  country  in  cofllinefs  of  apparel,  and  , 
following  new  faihions,  fent  for  the  elders  of  the  church- 
es, and  conferred  with  them  about  it,  and  laid  it  upon 
them,  as  belonging  to  them  to  redrefs  it,  by  urging  it  up- 
on the  confcicnces  of  their  people,  which  they  promifed 
to  do.  But  little  was  done  about  it,  for  divers  of  the  el- 
ders wives  &c.  were  in  fome  meafure  partners  in  this  ge- 
neral diforder. 

8ber.  About  two  years  fince,  one  Mr.  Bernard  a  minifter  at 
Baicomb  in  Somerffrtfhire  in  England  fent  over  two 
books  in  writing,  one  to  the  magiftrates,  and  the  other  to 
the  elders,  wherein  he  laid  down  arguments  againft  the 
manner  of  gathering  our  churches  &c.  which  the  eiders 
could  not  anfwer  'till  this  time,  by  reafon  of  the  many 

trou- 


- 

JOURNAL.  163 

troubles   about    Mrs.   Hutchinfon's    opinions   &e.     Mr.      1638. 
Cotton  alfo  anfwered  another  book  fent  over  in  defence 
of  fet  form   of  prayer.     This    I  fuppofe  was  Mr.  Balls* 
book. 

About  this  time  was  very  much  rain  and  fnow  ;  in 
fix  weeks  together,  fcarce  two  days  without  rain  or 
fnow.  This  was  obferved  by  fome  as  an  effeft  of  the 
earthquake. 

A   church   was  gathered    at  Dedham   with  good  ap-    9ber.  g 
probation — and  28th,  Mr.  Feck  ordained  teacher  at  Hmg- 
ham. 

By  order  of  the  laft  general  court  the  Governor  wrote 
a  letter  to  Mr.  Burdet,  Mr.  Wiggin  and  another  of  the 
plantation  of  Pifcat :  to  this  erfe£l,  That  whereas  there 
had  b£en  good  correfpondency  between  us  formerly,  we 
could  not  but  be  fenfiWe  of  their  entertaining  and  coun- 
tenancing fome  that  we  had  cad  out,  and  that  our  pur- 
pofe  was  to  furvey  our  utmoft  limits,  and  m^ke.  ufe  of 
them.  Mr.  Burdet  returned  a  fcomful  -anfwer,  and 
would  not  give  the  Governor  his  title  &c.  This  was  ve-  • 

ry  ill  taken,  for  that  he  was  one  of  our  body  and  fworn 
to  our  government,  and  a  member  of  the  church  of  Sa- 
lem, foasthe  Governor  was  purpofed  to  fummon  him  to 
appear  at  our  court  to  anfwer  his  contempt,  but  advifing 
with  the  Deputy  about  it,  he  was  difTuided  from  it.  the 
rather  for  that  if  he  fhould  fuffer  in  this  caufe,  it  would 
ingratiate  him  more  with  the  archbiuhip  (with  whom  he 
had  intelligence  &c.)  but  his  council  was  rather  to  un- 
dermine him  by  making  him  thoroughly  known  &c.  to 
his  friends  in  Pifcat  :  and  to  take  them  from  him. 
Whereupon  the  Governor  wrote  to  Edward  Hilton  de- 
claring his  ill  dealing,  and  fent  a  copy  of  his  letter,  and 
advifing  them  to  take  heed  how  they  put  themfelves  un- 
der his  power,  but  rather  to  give  us  a  proof  of  their  re- 
fpe£t  towards  us  &c. — He  intimated  withal  how  iil  it 
would  icliih  if  they  fhould  advance  Capt.  Underbill 
whom  we  had  cafl  out  for  abufmg  the  court  with  fram- 
ing a  retraciion  both  of  his  feditious  pra6Uce  and  alfo  of 
his  corrupt  opinions,  and  after,  denying  it  again  ;  and 
alfo  for  cafting  reproach  upon  our  churches  Sec.  fignify- 
ing  withal  that  he  was  now  found  to  have  been  an  un- 
clean perion,  for  he  was  charged  by  a  godly  young  wo- 
man to  have  follicitedherchafiiry  under  pretence  of  chrif- 
tian  love,  and  to  have  confeffed  to  her  that  he  had  his 
will  often  times  of  the  CQOpej-'s  wife,  and  all  out  of 

flrength 


164  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1638.      flrength  of  love,  and  the  church   had  fent  for  him,  and 

v xr-—7  fent  him  a  licence   to  come  and  go,  under  the  hands  of 

the  Governor  and  Deputy,  but  he  refufrd  to  come,  ex- 
cufing  himfelf  by  letters  to  the  elders,  that  the  licence 
•was  not  fufficient  &c.  and  by  letters  to  the  Governor, 
that  he  had  no  rule  to  come  anfwer  to  any  offence, 
except  his  banifliment  were  releafed,  but  to  the  matter 
he  w<»s  charged  with,  he  gave  no  anfwer,  but  fought  an 
evalion.  Pi  feat :  men  had  chofen  him  their  Governor 
before  the  letter  came  to  them. 

1$  The  Governor  went  by  water  to  Salem  where  lie  was 
entertained  with  all  the  refpeft  that  they  could  (hew 
him.  The  i^:h  he  re-turned  by  land,  and  they  fent  fix 
of  their  military  officers  with  carbines  to  guard  him  to 
Bofton. 

17  Roger  Herlakenden  one,  of  our  magifbafes,  about  30 
years  of  age,  fecond  fon  of  Herlakenden  of  Karlicoke 
in  EfTex  Efqr.  died  at  Cambridge  of  the  fmall  pox.  He 
was  a  very  godly  man  and  of  good  ufe  both  in  common- 
wealth, and  in  church.  He  was  buried  with  military  ho- 
nor, becaufe  he  was  Lieut.  Colonel.  He  left  behind  a 
virtuous  gentlewoman  and  two  daughters.  He  died  in 
£reat  peace,  and  left  a  fweet  memorial  behind  him  of  his 
piety  and  virtue. 

Mo.  1O.  6  Dorothy  Talby  was  hanged  at  Bofton  for  murdering 
her  own  daughter  a  child  of  three  years  old.  She  had 
been  a  member  of  the  church  of  Salem  and  of  good  efteem 
for  godlinefs  &c.  but  falling  at  difference  with  her  huf- 
band  thro' melancholy  or  fpiritual  delufions.  {he'fome^ 
times  attempted  to  kill  him  and  her  children  and  herfelf, 
by  refuting  water,  faying  it  was  fo  revealed  to  her  &c, 
After  much  patience  and  divers  admonitions,  not  pre- 
vailing, the  church  caft  her  out  ;  whereupon  fhe  grew 
worfe,  fo  as  the  magiftrates  caufed  her  to  be  whipped, 
\vhereupon  fhe  was  reformed  for  a  time,  and  carried  her- 
felf more  dutifully  to  her  hufband  &c.  but  foon  after  fhe 
was  fo  poffeffed  with  Satan,  that  he  perfuaded  her  bv  his 
delufions.  which  fhe  liftened  to  as  revelations  from  God, 
to  break  the  neck  of  her  own  child,  that  fhe  might  free 
it  from  future  mifery.  This  fhe  confeffed  upon  her  ap- 
prehenfion,  yet  at  her  arraignment  fhe  flood  mute  a  good 
fpace,  'till  the  Governor  told  her  fhe  fhould  be  prefled  to 
death,  and  then  fhe  confeffed  the  indiftment.  When  fhe 
was  to  receive  judgment  fhe  \vould  not  uncover  her  face 
nor  ftand  up  but  as  fhe  was  forced,  nor  give  any  teflimo- 

ny 


JOURNAL.  165 

rjy  of  her  repentance,   either  then  or  at  her   execution.      1638. 

Th'  cloth  which  fhould  have  covered  her  face  the  pluck-  v \— -* 

ed  off  and  put  between  the  rope  ar>d  her  neck.  She  de-  Mo.  IQ. 
fired  to  have  been  beheaded,  giving  this  reafon,  that  it 
was  lels  painful  and  lefs  fhameful.  After  a  fwing 
or  two  fhe  eatched  at  the  ladder.  Mr.  Peter  her  late 
paftor  and  Mr.  Wilfon  went  with  her  to  the  place  of  ex- 
ecution, bui  could  do  no  good  with  her.  Mr.  Peter  gave 
an  exhortation  to  the  people  to  take  heed  of  revelations 
&c.  and  of  defpifing  the  ordinance  of  excommunication 
as  fhe  had  done  ;  for  when  it  was  to  have  been  denounc- 
ed againft  her  fhe  turned  her  back,  and  would  have  gone 
forth  if  fh?  had  not  been  flayed  by  forte. 

One  Capt.  Newman  b?ing  let  forth  with  commifiion 
from  the  earl  of  Holland  Governor  of  the  Weflminfter 
company,  and  the  earl  of  Warwick  and  others  of  the 
fame  company,  to  fpoil  the  Spaniards  within  the  limits 
of  their  gram  in  the  Weft  Indies,  after  he  had  taken  ma- 
ny of  their  fmall  veflels  &c.  returned  home  by  the  M*f- 
fachufetts  in  a  fmall  pinnace  with  which  he  had  taken  all 
the  prizes  (for  his  great  (hip  was  of  no  ufe  for  that  pur- 
pofe.)  He  brought  many  hides  and  much  tallow.  The 
hides  he  fold  here  for  ^17  10.  the  ftone,  the  tallow  at 
2g/the  C.  and  iet  fail'for  England  (10  )  ift. — He  was  caft 
away  at  with  a  very  rich  prize,  in  the  great  hur- 

ricance  1642. 

A  general  fad  was  kept  upon  the  motion  of  the  elders  13 
to  the  Governor  and  Council.  The  chief  occafion  was 
the  much  ficknefs  of  pox  and  fevers  fpread  thro'  the 
country  (yet  it  was  to  the  Eaft  and  South  alfo) — the  ap- 
parent decay  of  power  of  religion,  and  the  general  de- 
clining of  profeffors  to  the  world  &c.  Mr.  Cotton  in 
his  exercife  that  day  at  Bofton  did  confefs  and  bewail, 
as  the  churches,  fo  his  own  fecurity,  floth  and  credulity, 
whereupon  fo  many  and  dangerous  errors  had  gotten  up 
and  fpread  in  the  church,  and  went  over  all  the  particu- 
lars, and  {hewed  ho\v  he  came  to  be  deceived  ;-— the  er- 
rors being  framed  in  words,  fo  were  the  truths  which  he 
had  preached,  and  the  falftiood  of  the  maintainers  of 
them,  who  ufualiy  would  deny  to  him  what  they  had  de- 
livered to  others  &c.  He  acknowledged  that  fuch  as  had 
been  feduccrs  of  others  (inftancing  in  fome  of  thofe  of 
the  ifiand.  tho'  he  named  them  not)  had  been  juftly  ban- 
ifhed.  Yet  he  faid  that  fuch  as  had  been  only  mifled,  and 
others  who  had  done  any  thing  out  of  a  mifguided  con- 

fceiencc 


»66  GOVERNOR    WINTIIROF's 

1638.  fcience(not  being  greatly  evil)  fhould  be  borne  withal, and 

*• v- '  ftrft  referred  to  the  church,  and  if  that  could  not  heal 

Mo.  10.  them,  they  fhould  rather  be  imprifoned,  fined  &c.  than 
bamfhed,  tho'  it  was  likely  no  other  church  would  re- 
reive  them. 

Thofe  who  were  gone  with  Mrs.  Hutchinfon  to  Aqui- 
day  fell  into  new  errors  daily.  One  Nic  :  Eafon  a  tan- 
ner taught  that  gifts  and  graces  were  that  Antichrift  men- 
tioned Thefs.  2.  2.  that  which  witheld  &c.  was  the  preach- 
ing of  the  law,  and  that  every  oftheele£l  had  the  Holy 
Ghoft,  and  alfo  the  Devil  indwelling.  Another,  one 
Herne  taught  that  women  had  no  fouls,  and  that  Adam 
was  not  created  in  true  holinefs  &c.  for  then  he  could  not 
have  loft  it. 

Thofe  who  went  to  the  falls  of  Pifcataqua  gathered  a 
rhurch  and  wrote  to  our  church  to  defire  us  to  clifmifs 
Mr.  Wheelwright  to  them  for  an  officer,  but  becaufe  he 
tlefired  it  not  himfelf,  the  elders  did  not  propound  .it. 
Soon  after  came  his  own  letter  with  theirs  for  his  difmif- 
fion.  which  thereupon  was  granted,  and  others  likewifc, 
upon  their  requeft,  were  alfo  difmiffed  thither. 

The  Governor's  letter  to  Mr.  Hilton  about  Mr.  Burdet 
and  Capt  Underhi.ll,  was  by  them  intercepted  and  open- 
ed ;  and  thereupon  they  wrote  prefently  into  Eng- 
land againft  us  ;  for  they  were  extremely  moved  by 
the  Governor's  letter,  but  could  take  no  advantage  by  it, 
for  he  made  account -when  he  wrote  it,  that  Mr.  Hilton 
would  {how  it  them.  And  upon  this  Capt.  Underbill 
wrote  a  letter  to  Mr.  Cotton,  full  of  high  and  threatning 
words  againft  us,  but  he  wrote  another  at  the  fame  time 
to  the  Governor  in  very  fair  terms,  intreating  an  oblite- 
rating of  all  that  was  pall,  and  a  bearing  with  human  in- 
firmities &c.difavowing  all  purpofe  of  revenge  &c.  See 
after  (i)  $639. 

The  devil  would  never  ceafe  to  difturb  our  peace  and 
to  raife  up  infurgents  one  after  another.  Amo.igft  the 
reft  there  was  a  woman  in  Salem,  one  Oliver  his  wife, 
who  had  fufferred  fomewhat  in  England  for  refufing  to 
bow  at  the  name  of  Jefu?,  tho'  otherwife  (he  was  con- 
formable to  all  their  orders.  She  was  for  ability  of 
fpeech  and  appearance  of  zeal  and  devotion,  far  before 
Mrs.  Hutchinfon,  and  fo  the  fitter  inftrument  to  have 
done  hmrt,  but  that  fhe  was  poor  and  had  little  acquaint, 
ance.  She  took  offence  at  this,  that  fhe  might  not  be  ad- 
mitted to  the  Lord's  fupper  without  giving  public  fatis- 

faclion 


, 
JOURNAL.  167 

faftion  to  the  church  of  her  faith  &c.  and   covenanting      1638. 

or  profeiTing  to  walk  with  them  according  to  the  rule  of  * v- ' 

the  goipelj  fo  as  upon  the  facrament  day  fhe  openly  call-  Mo;  10. 
cd  for  it,  and  flood  to  plead  her  right,  iho'  fhe  were  deni- 
ed, and  would  not  forbear  before  the  magiftrate  Mr.  En- 
dicott  did  threaten  to  fend  the  conftable  to  put  her  forth. 
This  woman  was  brought  to  the  court  For  difturbiag  the 
peace  in  the  church,  and  there  fhe  gave  fuch  peremptoiy 
anfwers  as  ihe  was  committed  'till  fhe  fhould  find  fureties 
for  her  good  behaviour.  After  fhe  had  been  in  prifon 
three  or  four  days,  fhe  made  to  the  Governor  and 
fubmitted  herfelf,  and  acknowledged  her  fault  in  diflurb- 
ing  the  church  : — whereupon  he  took  her  hufband's 
bond  for  her  good  behaviour,  and  difcharged  her  out'of 
prifon  ;  but  he  found  after,  that  fhe  dill  held  her  former 
opinions,  which  were  very  dangerous.  As  i.  That  the 
church  is  the  head  of  the  people,  both  magiftrates  and 
miniftcrs  met  together,  and  that  thefe  have  power  to  or- 
dain mmiPiers  &.c.  2.  That  all  that  dwell  ir>  the  fame 
town  and  will  profefs  their  faith  in  Chrift  Jefus  ought  to 
be  received  to  the  facranients  there,  and  that  fhe  was  per- 
fuaded  that  if  Paul  were  at  Salem  he  would  call  all  the 
inhabitants  there  faints.  3.  That  excommunication  is 
no  other  but  where  chriftians  withdraw  private  commu- 
nion from  one  that  hath  offended, 

About  five  years  after  this  woman  was  adjudged  to  be 
whipped  for  reproaching  the  magiftrates.  She  flood 
without  tying, and  bore  her  punifhment  with  a  mafculine 
fpirit,  glorying  in  her  fuffering.  But  after  when  fhe 
came  to  confider  the  reproach  which  would  flick  by  her, 
&c.  fhe  was  much  dejecied  about  it.  She  had  a  cleft 
ftick  put  on  her  tongue  half  an  hour  for  reproaching  tho 
elders.  (6)  1646. 

At  Providence  alfo  the  Devil  was  not  idle.  For  where- 
as at  their  firft  coming  thither  Mr.  William  's  and  the  reft 
did  make  an  order  that  no  man  fhould  be  molefted  for 
his  confcience,  now  men's  wives  and  children  and  fer- 
vans  claimed  liberty  hereby  to  go  to  all  religious  meet- 
ings, tho'  never  fo  often,  or  tho'  private  upon  the  week 
days  ;  and  becaufe  one  Udrin  refufed  to  let  his  wife  go 
to  Mr,  Williams  fo  often  as  fhe  was  called  for,  they  re- 
quired to  have  him  cenfured.  But  there  flood  up  one 
Arnold  a  witty  man  of  their  own  company,  and  with- 
flood  it,  telling  them  that  when  he  confented  to  that  or- 
der, he  never  intended  it  fhould  extend  to  the  breach  of 

any 


i68  GOVERNOR    \V  I  N  f  H  R  O  P's 

1638.  any  ordinance  of  God  fuch  as  the  fubmiflion  of  wivefc 
U— - v--— J  to  their  hufbamls  &c.  and  gave  divers  folid  reafons  againft 
Mo.  10.  it.  Then  one  Green  (who  hath  married  the  wife  of  one 
Beggerly,  \vhofe  hufband  is  living,  and  no  divorce,  but 
only  il  was  faid  that  he  lived  in  adultery  and  had  confelf- 
ed  it)  he  replied,  that  if  they  fhould  reftrain  their  wive* 
&.<:.  all  the  women  in  the  country  would  cry  out  of  them. 
Arnold  anfwered  him  thus.  Did  you  pretend  to  leave 
Maffachufetts  bccauie  you  would  not  offend  God  topleafe 
men,  and  would  you  now  break  an  ordinance  and  com- 
mandment to  pleafe  women  ?  Some  were  of  opinion  that 
if  Udrin  would  not  fuffer  his  wife  to  have  her  liberty,  the 
church  fhotild  difpofe  her  to  fome  other  man  who  would 
ule  her  better.  Arnold  told  them  that  it  was  not  the  wo- 
man's defire  to  go  fo  often  from  home,  but  only  Mr.  Wil- 
liams' and  others.  In  court  after,  when  they  would  have 
cenfured  Udrin,  Arnold  told  them  that  it  was  againft 
their  own  order,  for  Udrin  did  that,  and  did  it  out  of 
confcience,  and  their  order  was  that  no  man  fhould  be 
cenfured  for  his  confcience. 

Another  plot  the  old  ferpent  had  againft  us  by  fowing 
jcaloufies  and  differences  between  us  and  our  friends  at 
Connecticut  and  alfo  Plimouth.  This  latter  was  about 
our  bounds.  They  had  planted  Scituate.  and  had  given 
out  all  the  lands  to  Conyhaffett.  We  defired  only  fo 
much  of  the  maifhes  there  as  might  accommodate  Hing- 
ham,  which  being  denied,  we  caufed  Charles  River  to  be 
furveyed,  and  found  it  came  fo  far  fouthwand  as  v/ould 
fetch  in  Scituate  and  Concord,  but  this  was  referred  to  a 
meeting  between  us. 

The  differences  between  us  and  thofe  of  Connecticut 
xvere  divers,  but  the  ground  of  all  was  their  iitknefs  of 
coming  under  our  government,  whieh  tho'  we  never  in- 
tended to  make  thcmfubordinate  to  us,  yet  they  were  ve- 
ry jealous,  and  theiefore  in  the  articles  of  confederation 
which  we  propounded  to  them,  and  whereby  order  was 
t  ken  that  all  differences  which  might  fall  out  fhould  be 
ended  by  way  of  peace,  and  never  to  come  to  a  necefliry 
or  danger  t/f  force  ;  they  did  fo  alter  the  chief  article 
as  all  would  have  come  to  nothing.  For  whereas  the  ar- 
ticle was,  That  upon  any  matter  of  difference,  two,  three 
or  more  commiffioners  of  every  of  the  confederate  colo- 
nies fhould  aflemble,  and  have  abfolu'e  power  (the  great- 
er number  of  them)  to  determine  the  matter  :  they  would 
have  them  only  to  meet,  and  if  they  eould  agree,  fo  ;  if 

not 


JOURNAL.  169 

not  then  to  report  to  their  feveral  colonies,  and  to  return      1638. 

with  their  advice,  and  fo  to  go  on  'till  the  matter  might  v ~ / 

be   agreed,  which    befides   that  it  would  have  been  in  ft-    Mo.  id. 
nitely  tedious  and  extremely  chargeable,  it  would  never 
have  attained  the  end,  for  it  was  very  unlikely  that  all  the 
churches  in  all  the  plantations  would  ever  have  accorded 
upon  the  fame  proportions. 

Thefe  articles  wiih  their  alterations,  they  fent  to  our 
general  court  at  Newtown  the  of  the  5th.  by  Mr. 
Haynes,  Mr.  Pincheon  and  Jo  :  Steels.  The  court  find- 
ing their  alteration,  and  the  inconveniences  thereof, 
would  take  the  like  liberty  to  add  and  alter  (for  the  ar- 
ticles were  drawn  only  by  fome  of  the  council  and  never 
allowed  by  the  court.)  This  they  excepted  againft,  and 
would  have  retrained  us  of  that  liberty  which  they  took 
themfelvcs  :  and  one  of  their  three  commifli oners  falling 
in  debate  with  fome  of  our  deputies,  faid  that  they  would 
not  meddle  with  any  thing  that  was  within  our  limits  ; 
which  being  reported  to  the  court,  they  thought  it  iea- 
fonable  we  fhould  (land  upon  our  right,  fo  as  tho*  we 
were  formerly  willing  that  Agawain  (now  Springfield) 
fhould  have  fallen  into  their  government,  yet  feeing  they 
would  not  be  beholden  to  us  for  any  thing,  we  intended 
to  keep  it,  and  accordingly  we  put  it  in  as  an  article  that 
the  line  between  us  (hould  be  one  way  the  Pequod  river, 
viz.  South  and  North,  and  the  other  way,  viz.  £.  anc^W. 
the  limits  of  our  own  grant.  And  this  article  we  added, 
That  we  fhould  have  liberty  to  pafsto  and  fro  upon  Con- 
necticut, and  thev  likewife.  To  thefe  articles  all  their 
eommiflioners  offered  to  confent,  but  it  was  thought  by 
our  court  (becaufe  of  the  new  articles)  that  they  {hould 
firft  acquaint  their  own  court  with  it,  and  fo  their  Lorn- 
jniffi oners  departed. 

After  this  we  understood  that  they  went  on  to  exer- 
cife  their  authority  at  Agawam  ;  whereupon  the  Gover- 
nor wrote  to  him  to  defire  them  to  forbear  untill  the  line 
were  laid  out,  with  advice  about  fome  other  things,  as  by 
the  copy  of  the  letter  appears.  After  a  long  time  Mr. 
Ludlow,  in  the  name  of  their  court,  returned  anfwer, 
which  was  very  harfh- — in  fine  declared  that  they  thought 
it  not  fit  to  treat  any  further  before  they  had  advice  from 
the  gentlemen  of  Say  brook  &c.  The  Governor  ac- 
quainted the  council  and  magiftr  tes  with  this  letter; 
and  becaufe  they  had  tied  our  hands,  in  a  manner,  from, 
replying,  he  wrote  a  private  letter  to  Mr,  Haynes,  where-. 

Y  in 


170  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'* 

in  be  lavs  open  their  miftakes  (as  he  called  them)  and  the 
apparent  caufes  of  offence  which  they  had  given  us  ;  as 
Mo.  10.  by  difinrlinirg  the  Naragarifetts  to  be  bound  by  our  for- 
mer agreement  with  them  (which  they  would  nevermake 
fure  of  'till  the  wars  were  ended)  by  making  a  treaty  of 
agreement  with  the  Karaganfetts  and  the  Morihegans, 
without  joining  us,  or  mentioning  us  to  that  end,  iho'  we 
had  by  letter  given  them  liberty  to.  take  us  in,  and  by 
binding  all  the  indians  who  had  received  any  Pequods,  to 
pay  tribute  for  them  all  to  them  of  Conne&icut  &c.  AH 
thefe  things  are  clearly  to  be  feen  in  the  letters. 

15.  The  wind  at  N.E.  there  was  fo  great  a  temped  of  wind 
and  fnow  all  the  night,  and  the  next  day,  as  had  not  been 
fince  our  time.  Five  men  and  youths  perifhed  between 
Mattapam  and  Dorchefter,  and  a  man  and  a  woman  ber 
tween  Bofton  and  Roxbury.  Arthur  Dick  in  a  bark  of 
30  tons  caft  away  upon  the  head  of  Cape  Cod.  Three 
were  ftarved  to  death  with  the  cold,  the  other  t\vo  got 
fome  fire  and  fo  lived  there  by  fuch  food  as  they  faved. 
7  weeks,  'till  an  indian  found  them.  Two  vcflels  bound 
for  Quinipiack  were  caft  away  at  Aquiday,but  the  people 
favfd.  Much  other  harm  was  done  in  ftaving  of  boats 
&c.  and  by  the  great  tides  which  exceeded  all  before. 
This  happened  the  day  after  a  general  faft,  which  occa- 
fioned  fome  of  our  minifters  to  ftir  us  up  to  feek  the  Lord 
better,  becaufe  he  feemed  to  difcountenance  the  means 
of  otir  reconciliation.  Whereupon  the  next  general 
court,  by  advice  of  the  elders,  agreed  to  keep  another  day? 
and  to  feek  further  into  the  caufcs  of  fuch  difpleafure  &c. 
which  accordingly  was  performed. 

Mo. 11. 14  The  earthquake  which  had  continued  at  times  fince  the 
i  ft.  of  the  4th.  was  more  generally  felt,  and  the  fame  noife 
heard  in  many  places. 

30  A  church  was  gathered  at  Weymouth  with  approba- 
tion of  the  magi  ft  rates  and  elders.  It  is  obferveable  this 

t  church  having;  been  gathered  before,  and  fothat  ofLinne, 
could  not  hold  together,  nor  could  have  any  elders  join 
or  hold  with  ti-.-in.  The  reafon  appeared  10  be  becaufe 
they  did  not  begin  according  to  the  rule  of  the  gofpel, 
•which  xvhen  Linn*  had  found  and  humbled  themfelves 
for  it,  and  began  again  upon  a  new  foundation,  they  went 
on  with  a  bleiTin^. 

The  people  of  this  town  of  Weymouth  had  invited  one 
Mr.  Leathall  to  come  to  them,  with  intention  to  call  him 
to  be  their  miniRer.  This  man  tho'  of  good  report  in 

Eni  • 


JOURNAL.  171 

England,  coming  hither,  was  found  to  have  drank  in  1638. 
fome  of  Mrs.  Hutchinfon's  opinions,  as  of  justification  L— ^—^ 
before  faith  &c.  and  oppofed  the  gathering  of  our  church-  Mo.  n. 
cs  in  fuch  a  way  of  mutual  (tipulation  as  was  praftifed 
among  us.  From  the  former  he  was  foon  taken  oft  upon 
conference  with  Mr.  Cotton,  but  he  (luck  clofe  to  the 
other,  that  only  baptifm  was  the  door  of  entrance  into 
the  church  &c.  fo  as  the  common  fort  of  people  did  ea- 
gerly embrace  his  opinions,  and  fome  laboured  to  get  fuch 
A  church  on  foot  as  all  baptized  ones  might  communicate 
in  without  any  further  trial  of  them  &c.  For  this  end 
they  procured  many  hands  in  Weymouth  to  a  blank,  in- 
tending to  have  Mr.  Leathall's  advice  to  the  form  of  iheir 
-call,  and  he  likewife  was  very  forward  to  become  a  mi- 
nifter  to  them  in  fuch  a  way,  and  did  openly  maintain 
the  caufe •;  but  the  magistrates  hearing  of  this  disturbance 
and  combination  thought  it  needful  to  ftop  it  betimes, 
and  fo  they  called  Mr.  Leathall,  and  fome  of  the  chief 
of  the  faction  to  the  next  general  court  in  the  ift  Month, 
where  Mr.  Leathall,  having  befort  conferred  with  fome 
of  the  magiftrates  and  of  the  elders,  and  being  convinced 
both  of  his  error  in  judgment,  and  of  his  fin  in  practice 
the  disturbance  of  our  peace  &c.  did  openly  and  freely 
retract,  withexpreflion  of  much  grief  of  heart  for  his  of- 
fence, and  did  deliver  his  retra&ioa  in-writing  under  his 
hand  in  the  open  court.  Whereupon  he  was  injoined 
to  appear  at  the  next  court,  and  in  the  mean  time  to  make 
and  deliver  the  like  recantation  in  fome  public  affembly 
at  Weymouth.  So  the  court  (topped  for  any  further 
cenfure  by  fine  or  &c.  though  it  was  much  urged  by 
fome. 

At  the  fame  court  one  Smith  was  convifted  and  fined 
twenty  pounds  for  being  a  chief  ftirrer  in  the  bufmefs, 
and  one  Silveiter  was  disfranchifed,  and  one  Britton  who 
had  fpoken  reproachfully  of  the  anfwer  which  was  lent 
out  to  Mr.  Barnard  his  book  again  ft  our  church  cove- 
nant and  of  fome  of  our  eiders,  and  had  Tided  with  Mr. 
Leathall  &c.  was  openly  whipped,  becaufe  he  had  no  ef- 
tate  to  anfwer. 

A  printing  houfe  was  begun  at  Cambridge  by  one  Daye  Mo.  i. 
at  the  charge  of  Mr  Giover  who  died  on  fea  hitherward. 
The  firft  thing  which  was  printed  was  the  freeman's  oath, 
the  next  was  an  almanack  made  for  New- England  by  Mr. 
Peirce,  mariner — the  'next  was  the  pf^Ims  newly  turned 
inio  metre. 

An- 


i;2  GOVERNOR    WIN  THRO  P's 

Another  plantation  was  began  upon  the  N.  rtoe.  of 
Merrimack,  called  Sarifbiiry — .mother  at  Winicowett 
Mo.  i.  called  Hampton,  which  gave  occafion  of  fore  diffeience 
between  us  and  foxne  of  Pifcat :  which  grew  thus.  Mr. 
Wheelwright  being  banifhed  from  us  gathered  a  compa- 
ny and  fat  down  by  the  falls  of  Pifcat  ^  and  called  their 
town  Exeter,  and  for  their  enlargement  they  dealt  wjth 
an  indian  there,  and  bought  of  him  Winicowett,  and  then 
\vrote  to  us  what  they  had  done,  and  that  they  intended 
to  lot  out  all  thefe  lands  in  farms,  except  we  could  fhew 
a  better  title.  They  wrote  falfo  to  thole  whom  we  had 
fcnt  to  plant  Winicowett  to  have  them  defift  &c.  Thefe 
letters  coming  to  the  General  Court,  they  returned  an- 
fwer,  that  they  looked  at  this  their  dealing  as  againft  good 
neighbourhood,  religion  and  common  hone  fly — that 
knowing  we  claimed  Winicowett  as  within  our  patent, 
or  as  vacuum  domiciliiim.  and  had  taken  polfeffion  thereof 
by  building  an  houfe  there  above  two  years  fince,  they 
fhouklnow  go  and  purchafe  an  unknown  title  and  then 
come  to  deny  of  our  right.  It  was  in  the  fame  letter  alfo 
manifeflly  proved,  that  the  indians  having  only  a  natural 
right  to  fo  much  land  as  they  had  or  could  improve,  fo  as 
the  reft  of  the  country  lay  open  to  any  that  could  and 
would  improve  it,  as  by  faid  letter  more  at  large  doth  ap- 
pear. 

In  this  year  one  James  Everett  a  fober,  difcreet  man, 
and  two  others  faw  a  great  light  in  the  night  at  Muddy 
River;  when  it  flood  dill  it  flamed  up,  and  was  about 
three  yards  fquare,  when  it  ran  it  was  contracted  into  the 
figure  of  a  fwine,  it  ran  as  fwift  as  an  arrow  towards 
Charleftown,  and  fo  up  and  down  about  2  or  3  hours. 
They  were  come  down  in  their  lighter  about  a  mile,  and 
when  it  was  over  they  found  themfelves  carried  quite 
back  again  ft  the  tide  to  the  place  they  came  from.  Di- 
vers other  credible  perfons  faw  the  fame  light  after  about 
the  fame  place. 

The  General  Court  in  the  7'a  Mo.  laft  gave  order  to 
the  Governor  to  write  to  them  of  Pifcat:  to  fignify  to 
them  that  we  looked  at  it  as  an  unneighbourly  part  that, 
they  fhould  encourage  and  advance  fuch  as  we  had  cafl 
out  from  us  for  their  offences,  before  they  had  inquired 
of  us  the  caufe.  The  occaiion  of  this  letter  was  that  they 
had  aided  Mr.  Wheelwright  to  begin  a  plantation  there, 
and  intended  to  make  Capt.  Underbill  their  Governor  in 
the  room  of  Mr.  Burdetr,  who  had  thruft  out  Capt.  Wig- 
gin 


JOURNAL.  173 

gin  fet  in  there  by  the  lord$  &e.  Upon  this,  Capt.  Un-  1639. 
derhill  (being  chofen  Governor  there)  wrote  a  letter  to  a 
young  gentleman  wHoTojo  jrned  in  the  houfe  of  our  Go-  Mo. 
vernor,  wherein  he  reviles  our  Governor  with  reproach- 
ful terms  and  imprecations  or  vengeance  upon  us  all. 
This  letter  being  fhewed  to  the  Governor  and  Council, 
the  Governor,  by  advice,  wrote  the  letter  to  Edward 
Hilton  as  is  before  mentioned,  pag.  Mo.  to.  13 — The 
Capt.  was  fo  nettled  -with  this  letter,  and  efpRcially.  be- 
caufe  his  adulterous  life  with  the  coopers  wife  at  Bofton 
•was  now  diicovercd,  and  the  church  had  called  him 'to 
come  and  make  aniwer  to  it  ;  but  he  made  manv  excufes, 
as  want  of  liberty,  being  a  barrifhed  rna.i,  yet  fhe  Govern- 
or and  Council  had  fent.  him  a  (afe  conduct,  arid  upon 
his  pretence  "of  the  infufliciency  of  thit,  the  General 
Court; fent  him  another  for  three  months,  but  inflead  of 
coming,  he  procured  a  new  church  at  Pifcataqua  of  fome 
few  loofe  men  (who  had  chofen  one  Mr.  Knolles  a  weak 
ipinifter  lately  come  out  of  England  and  rejVfted  by  us, 
for  holding  fome  of  Mrs.  Hutchirifon's  opinions)  to  write 
to  our  church  at  Bofton  in  his  commendation,  wherein 
they  ftile  him  The  Right  Worfhipful  their  Honored 
Governor,  all  which,  notwithftamiing,  the  church  of 
Bofton  proceeded  with  him  ;  and  in  the  mean  time  the 
General  Court  wrote  to  all  the  chief  inhabitants  of  Pifcat: 
and  fent  them  a  copy  of  his  letters  (wherein  he  profeficth 
himfelf  to  be  an  inftrument  ordained  of  God  for  our  ru- 
in) to  know  whether  it  were  with  their  privity  and  con- 
fent  that  he  fent  us  fuch  a  defiance  ;  and  whether  they 
would  maintain  him  in  fuch  practices  againft  us.  Thofe  of  ' 
Pifcat  :  returned  anfwer  to  us  by  two  fcveral  letters—* 
thofe  of  the  plantation  difclaimecl  to  have  any  hand  in 
his  mifcarriages  &c.  and  offered  to  call  him  to  account 
whensoever  we  would  fend  any  fo  inform  again  ft  him. 
The  others  at  the  river's  mouth  difclaimed  likewife,  and 
{hewed  their  indignation  againft  him  for  his  infolences,  , 
and  their  readinefs  to  join  in  any  fair  courfe  for  our  fa- 
tisfaftion  :  only  they  defired  us  to  have  fome  compaf- 
fion  of  him,  and  not  to  fend  any  forces  againft  him. 

After  this  Capt. Underbill's  courage  was  abated,  for 
the  chiefeft  in  the  river  fell  from  him,  and  the  reft  little 
regarded  him,  fo  as  he  wrote  letters  of  retraction  to  divers, 
and  to  (hew  his  wifdom,  he  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Deputy 
and  the  Court,  not  mentioning  the  Governor,  wherein 
he  fent  the  copies  of  fome  of  the  Governor'*  letters  to 

Pif- 


174  GO,  VERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1639.      Pifcat:  fuppofmg  that  fomething  would  appear  in  them 
l-  — v-  „/  either  to  extenuate  his  fault  or  to  lay  blame  upon  the  Go- 
Mo,  i.    vernor,  but  he  failed  in  both,  for  the  Governor  was  abls 

to  make  good  what  he  had  written. 

16  There  was  fo  violent  a  wind  at  S.S.E.  and  S.  as  the 
like  was  not  fince  we  came  into  this  land.  It  began  ir. 
the  evening  and  increafcd  'till  midnight  ;  it  overturned 
fome  new  ftrong  houfes,  but  the  Lord  miraculoufly  pre- 
fervcd  old  weak  cottages.  It  tare  down  fences — people 
came  out  of  their  houfes  in  the  night.  There  came  fuch 
a  rain  withal,  as  raifed  the  waters  at  Connecticut  20  feet 
above  their  meadows. 

The  indians  near  Aquiday  being  pawwawing  in  this 
temped,  the  Devil  came  and  fetched  away  five  of  them. 
Query. 

At  Providence  things  grew  ftill  worfe  for  a  fifter  of 
Mrs.  Hutchinfon,  the  wife  of  one  Scott  being  infefted 
with  Anabaptiftry,  and  going  laft  year  to  live  at  Prov> 
dencc,  Mr.  Williams  was  taken  or  rather  emboldened 
by  her  to  make  open  profeflion  thereof,  and  accordingly 
was  rebaptifedby  one  Holyman  a  poor  man  late  of  Salern. 
Then  Mr.  Williams  rebaptifjed  him  and  Come  ten  more. 
They  alfo  denied  the  baptiiing  of  infants,  and  would  have 
no  magiftrates. 

At  Aquiday  alfo  Mrs.  Hutchinfon  exercifcd  publickly, 
and  {he  and  her  party,  fome  three  or  four  families,  would 
have  no  magi/ftracy.  She  fent  alfo  an  admorfition  to  the 
church  of  Bofton,  but  the  elders  would  not  read  it  pub- 
lickly,  becaufe  (he  was  excommunicated.  By  thefe  ex- 
amples we  may  fee  how  dangerous  it  is  to  flight  the  cen- 
fures  of  the  church,  for  it  was  apparent  that  God  had 
given  them  up  to  ftrong  deiufions.  Thofe  of  Aquiday 
alfo  had  entertained  two  men  whom  the  church  of  Rox- 
bury  had  excommunicated,  and  one  of  them  did  exercife 
publickly  there.  For  this  the  church  of  Bofton  called  in 
queftion  fuch  of  them  as  were  yet  their  members,  and 
Mr.  Coddington  being  prefent;  not  freely  acknowledging 
his  fin,  tho  he  confeffed  himfcif  in  fome  fault,  was  fo- 
lemnly  admoniftied. 

This  is  further  to  be  obferved  in  the  delufions  which 
this  people  were  taken  with.  Mrs.  Hutchinfon  and 
fome  of  her  adherents  happened  to  be  at  prayer  when  the 
earthquake  was  at  Aquiday  &c.  and  the  houfe  being  (ha- 
ken  thereby,  they  were  purfuaded  and  beaded  of  it?  that 

the 


JOURNAL.  175 

the  Holy  Ghoil  rlid  {hake  it  in  coming  down  upon  them,      1639. 
as  he  did  upon  the  apoftles.  v v * 

A  plantation  v/as  began  between  Ipfwich  and  Newbu-  Mo.  2. 
ry  ;  the  occafion  was  this.  Mr.  Eaton  and  Mr.  Daven- 
port having  determined  to  fit  down  at  Quinipiack.  there 
came  over  one  Ez.  Rogers,  fecond  Ion  of  that  truly 
faithful  fervant  of  God,  Mr.  Richard  Rogers  of  Wetherf- 
field  in  England,  and  with  him  fome  20  families,  godly 
men,  and  moil  of  them  of  good  eftate.  This  Mr.  Rogers 
being  a  man  of  Ipecial  note  in  England  for  his  zeal,  pie- 
ty, and  other  parts,  they  laboured  by  all  means  to  draw 
him  to  Quinipiack,  and  had  fo  far  prevailed  with  him 
(being  newly  come,  and  unacquainted  with  the  ftate  of 
the  country)  as  they  had  engaged  him,  yet  being  a  very 
wife  man,  and  confidering  that  many  of  quality  in  Eng- 
land did  depend  upon  his  choice  of  a  fit  place  for  them, 
he  agreed  upon  fuch  propofals  and  cautions,  as  tho'  they 
promifed  to  fulfill  them  all  (whereupon  he  lent  divers  of 
his  people  thither  before  winter)  yet  when  it  came  to 
they  were  not  able  to  make  good  what  they  had  promif- 
ed. Whereupon  he  confulted  with  the  elders  of  the 
Bay,  and  by  their  advice  &c.  holding  his  former  engage- 
ment releafed,  he  and  his  people  took  that  place  by  Ipf- 
wich and  becaufe  fome  farms  had  been  granted  by  Jpfwich 
and  Newbury,  which  would  be  prejudicial  to  their  plan- 
tation, they  bought  out  the  owners,  difburfing  ^therein 
about  £"800- — and  he  fcnt  a  pinnace  to  Quinipiack  to 
fetch  back  the  refl  of  his  people  ;  but  Mr.  Eaton  and  Mr. 
Davenport  and  others  of  Connecticut  being  impatient  of 
the  lofsof  him  and  his  people,  tlaid  the  pinnace  and  fent 
a  meflenger  with  letters  of  purpoie  to  recover  him  again. 
This  made  him  todefire  the  eiders  to  aifemble  again,  and 
he  (hewed  them  the  letters  they  fent,  which  wanted  no 
arguments,  tho'  fome  truth,  but  he  made  the  cafe  fo  clear 
by  letter  which  had  patted  between  them  &c.  as  they 
held  him  dill  free  from  all  engagement,  and  fo  he  return- 
ed anfwer  to  them  and  went  on  with  his  plantation. 

The  indians  of  Block  Ifland  fent  for  their  tribute  this 
year,  ren  fathom  of  Wampompeaguc. 

One  MrT  Howe  of  Linne  a  godly  man  and  deputy  of 
tnelaft  General  Court,  after  the  court  was  ended,  and  he 
had  dined,  being  in  health  as  he  u fed  to  be,  went  to  pafs 
over  to  Charleftown,  and  being  alone,  he  was  presently 
after  found  dead  upon  the  ftrand,  being  there,  as  it  feem- 
cd  waiting  for  the  boat  which  came  foon  after, 

Mr. 


i76  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

Mr.  Cotton  preacBing  out  of  the  8.  of  Kings  8.  taught, 
that  when  magi  ft  rates  are  forced  to  provide  for  the 
A  maintenance  of  minifters,  then  the  churches  are  in  a  de- 
clining condition  :  there  he  {hewed  that  the  minifters 
maintenance  fhould  be  by  voluntary  contribution,  not 
by  lands  or  revenues  or  tithes  £c.  for  thefe  things  had 
always  been  accompanied  with  pride,  contention  and 
floth. 

ai  The  two  chief  fachems  of  Naraganfett  fent  the  Gover- 
ror  a  prefent  of  30  fathom  of  Wampom,  and  Sequin  the 
i'achem  of  Connefticut  fent  10  fathom. 

At  Aquiday  the  people  grew  very  tumultuous  and  put 
out  Mr.  Coddington  and  the  other  three  magiflrates,  and 
chofe  Mr.  William  Hutchinfon  only,  a  man  of  a  very 
mild  temper  and  weak  parts,  and  wholly  guided  by  his 
wife,  who  had  been  the  beginner  of  all  the  foimer  trou- 
bles in  the  country,  and  iUil  continued  to  breed  difturb- 
ance.  They  alfo  gathered  a  church  in  a  very  diforderly 
v/ay,  for  they  took  fome  excommunicated  perfons,  ani 
others  who  were  members  of  the  church  of  'Boflon  and 
not  difmiffed. 

The  two  regiments  in  the  bay  were  muttered  at  Boflon 
to  the  number  of  one  thoufand  foldiers,  able  men  and 
well  armed  and  cxercifed.  They  were  headed,  the  one 
by  the  Governor  who  was  General  of  all,  and  the  other 
by  the  Deputy  who  was  Colonel.  The  cayjtains  &c. 
fhewed  themielves  very  fkiifu!  and  ready  in  divers  forts 
of  fkirrrifhes  <  nd  other  military  aftions,  wherein  they 
fpent  the  whole  day1.. 

One  of  Fifcat :  having  opportunity  to  go  into  Mr.  Bur- 
clet  his  ftudy,  and  finding  there  the  copy  of  his  letter  to 
the  archbifhor.s,  fent  it  to  the  Governor,  which  was  to 
this  effeft. — That  he  did  deby  to  go  into  England,  be- 
caufe  he  would  fully  infcvrm  himielf  of  the  ftate  of  the 
people  here  in  regard  of  allegiance,  arid  that  it  was  not 
dilcipline  that  was  now  fo  much  aimed  at  as  iovereigntv, 
and  that  it  was  accounted  piracy  and  treafon  in  our  Ge- 
neral Court  to  fpcak  of  appeals  to  the  King. 

The  firft  {hips  which  came  this  year  brought  him  letters 
from  the  arthbifhops  and  the  lords  commiCFioners  for 
plantations,  wherein  they  gave  him  thanks  for  his  care  of 
his  Majefty's  fervicc  &c.  and  that  they  would  take  a  time 
to  redrefs  fuch  diforders  as  he  had  informed  them  of: 
but  by  reafon  of  ihc  much  bufinefs  which  now  lay  upon 
them  they  could  not  at  prcfent  accompli  fh  his  deli  re. 

Thefe 


JOURNAL.  177 

Thefc  letters  lay  above   fourteen   days   in  the  Bay,  and      1639. 
P,>me  moved  the  Governor  to  open  them,  buthimlelf  and  *     -T-  ._• 
others  of  the  council  thought  it  not  fafe  to  meddle  with     Mo.  3. 
them,  nor  would  take  any  notice  of  them,  and    it  fell  out 
well   by  God's  good  providence,  for  the  letters,  by  fome 
means,  were  opened,  yet  without  any  of  their  privity   or 
con-fen t.  and  Mr.  Burden  threated  to  complain  of  it  to 
the  Lords  ;  and  afterwards  we  had  knowledge  of  the  con- 
tents of  them  by  fome  of  his  own  friends. 

The  Governor  received  letters  from  Mr.  Cradock,  and 
in  them  an  other  order  from  the  lords  coinniiffioners,  to 
this  effcft — That  whereas  they  had  received  our  petition 
upon  their  former  order  &c.  by  which  they  perceived 
that  we  were  taken  with  fome  jealounes  and  fears  of 
their  intentions  &c.  they  did  accept  of  our  anfwer, 
and  did  now  declare  their  intentions  to  be  only  to  ''.T| 

regulate  all  plantations  to  be  fubordinate  to  the  faid 
commiflion,  and  that  they  meant  to  continue  our  li- 
berties, and  therefore  did  now  again  peremptorily 
require  the  Governor  to  fend  them  our  patent  by 
rhe  firft  fhip,  and  that  in  the  meantime  they  did  give  us 
by  that  order  full  power  to  go  en  in  the  government  of 
the  people,  untill  we  had  a  new  patent  lent  us  ;  and  with- 
al they  added  threats  of  further  coude  to  be  taken  with 
us  if  we  failed. 

This  order  being  imparted  to  the  next  General  Courf, 
fome  advifed  to  return  anfwer  to  it — others  thought  fit- 
ter to  make  no  anfwer  at  all,  bccaufe  being  (ent  in  a  pri- 
vate letter,  and  not  delivered  by  a  certain  meflenger  as 
the  former  order  was,  they  could  not  proceed  upon  i% 
becaufe  they  could  not  have  any  proof  that  it  was  deli- 
vered to  the  Governor,  feeing  his  maftcrhad  not  laid  any 
charge  upon  him  to  that  end. 

Mr.  Haynes  tfee  Governor  of  Connecticut  and  Mr, 
Hooker  &c.  came  into  the  Bay,  and  (laid  near  a  month. 
It  appeared  by  them  that  they  were  defirous  to  renew  the 
treaty  of  confederation  with  us,  and  though  themfelves 
would  not  move  it,  yet  by  their  means  it  was  moved  by 
our  General  Court  and  accepted,  for  they  were  in  fome 
doubt  of  the  Dutch  who  had  lately  received  a  new  Gov- 
ernor, a  more  difcreet  and  fober  man  than  the  former, 
and  one  who  did  complain  much  of  the  injury  done  to 
them  at  Connecticut,  and  was  very  iorward  to  hold  cor- 
refpondency  with  us,  and  very  inquifitive  how  things 
ftood  between  us  and  them  of »  Connecticut,  which  occa- 

Z  fioned 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

fioned  us  the  more  readily  to  renew  the  former  treaty? 
that  the  Dutch  might  not  take  notice  of  any  breach  or 
alienatjon  between  us. 

The  Court  of  Ele6tions  was,  at  which  time  there  was 
a  frnall  eclipfe  of  the  fun.  Mr.  Winthrop  was  chofcn 
Governor  again,  iho'  fome  labouring  had  been  by  fomc 
of  the  elders  to  have  changed,  not  out  of  any  diflike  of 
him,  for  they  all  loved  and  efteemed  him,  but  out  of  their 
fear  left  it  might  make  way  for  having  a  Governor  for 
life,  which  fome  had  propounded  as  moft  agreeable  to 
God's  institution  and  the  practice  ©f  all  well  ordered 
ftates.  But  neither  the  Governor  nor  any  other  attempt- 
ed the  thing,  tho'  fome  jcaloufies  arofe  which  were  in- 
creafed  bv  (wo  occafions.  The  firft  was,-  there  being 
want  of  affiirants,  the  Governor  and  other  magiftrates 
thought  fit  in  the  warrant  for  the  court,  to  propound 
three,  amongft  which  Mr.  Downing  the  Governor's  bro- 
ther in  law  was  one,  which  they  conceived  to  be  done  to 
ftrengthen  his  party,  and  therefore,  tho'  he  were  known 
to  be  a  very  able  man,  and  one  who  had  done  many  good 
offices  for  the  country  for  thefe  ten  years,  yet  the  people 
would  not  choofe  him.  Another  occafion  of  their  jea- 
loufy  was — The  court  finding  the  number  of  deputies  to 
be  much  increaied  by  the  addition  of  new  plantations, 
thought  fit,  for  the  eafe  both  of  the  country  and  the 
court,  to  reduce  all  towns  to  two  deputies:  This  occa- 
fioned  fome  to  fear  that  the  magiftrates  intended  to  make 
themfelves  ftronger,  and  the  deputies  weaker,  and  fo  in 
time  to  bring  all  power  into  the  hands  of  the  magiftrates, 
fo  as  the  people  in  fome  towns  we  re  much  difpleafed  with 
their  deputies  for  yielding  to  fuch  an  order  :  Whereup- 
on at  the  next  feffion  it  was  propounded  to  have  the  num- 
ber of  deputies  reftored,  and  allegations  were  made  that 
it  was  an  infringement  of  their  liberty,  fo  as  after  much 
debate  and  iuch  reafons  given  for  diminifhing  the  num- 
ber of  deputies,  and  clearly  proved  that  their  liberty  con- 
fided not  in  the  number,  but  in  the  thing,  divers  of  the 
deputies'  who  came  with  intent  to  reverfe  the  lad  order, 
were  by  force  of  reafon,  brought  to  uphold  it ;  fo  that 
when  it  was  put  to  the  vote,  thelaft  order  for  two  depu- 
ties only  was  confirmed,  yet  the  next  day  a  petition  was 
brought  to  the  court  from  the  freemen  of  Roxbury  to 
have  the  three  deputies  reftored,  whereupon  the  reafon® 
of  the  court's  proceedings  were  fet  down  in  writing,  and 
all  objections  anfwered  jnd  fent  to  fuch  towns  as  were 

dif- 


J    O    U     R     N     A     L.  179 

diffatisfied,  with  this  advice,  that    if  any  could  take*  away       1639. 

thofe  reafons,  or  bring  us  better  for  what  they  did  delire, 

we  fhould  be  ready  at  the  next  court  to  repeal  th«  faid  or-    Mo. 

der. 

The  hands  of  fome  of  the  elders,  learned  and  godly 
men,  were  to  this  petition,  tho  fuddcnly  drawn  in,  and 
without  disc  confideration,  for  the  lawfulnefs  of  it  may 
Well  be  queflioned  :  for  when  the  people  have  chofen 
men  to  be  their  rulers  and  to  make  their  laws,  and  boirhd 
themfelve's  by  oath  to  fubmit  thereto,  now  to  combine  to- 
gether (a  leffer  part  of  them)  in  a  public  petition  K>  ha\re 
any  order  repealed  which  is  not  repugnant  to  the  law  of 
God,  favours  of  refitting  an  ordinance  of  God,  for  the 
people  having  deputed  others,  have  no  power  to  make  or 
alter  laws,  but  are  to  be  fubjecl ;  and  if  any  fuch  order 
feera  unlawful  or  inconvenient,  they  had  better  prefer 
fome  reafons  to  the  court  with  manifestation  of  their  de- 
fire  to  move  them  to  a  review,  than  peremptorily  to  peti- 
tion to  have  it  repealed,  which  amou.nfs  to  a  plain  re- 
proof of  thofe  whom  God  hath  fet  over  them,  and  putting 
difhonor  upon  them  againfl  the  tenor  of  the  fifth  com- 
mandment. 

There  fell  out  at  this  court  another  occafion  ofincreaf- 
ing  the  people's  jealoufy  of  their  magi ftrates,  viz.  One  of 
the  elders  being  prefent  with  thole  of  his  church  when 
they  were  to  prepare  their  voles  for  the  election,  declared 
hisjud^ment  that  a  Governor  ought  to  be  for  his  life,  al- 
ledgingjbr  his  authority  the  practice  of  all  the  bell  com- 
monwealths in  Europe,  and  efpecially  that  of  Ifrael  by 
God's  own  ordinance,  but  this  was  oppofed  by  fome  other 
of  the  elders  with  much  zeal,  and  fo  notice  was  taken  of 
it  by  the  people,  not  as  a  matter  of  diipute,  but  as  if  there 
had  been  fome  plot  to  put  it  in  practice,  which  did  oc- 
cafion the  deputies  at  the  next  feflion  of  this  court  to 
deliver  in  an  order  drawn  to  this  effeft. — That  whereas 
our  fovereign  Lord  King  Charles,  had  by  his  patent  eftab- 
lifhed  a  Governor,  Deputy  and  Afliftants,  that  therefore 
no  perfon  chofen  a  counfellcr  {hould  have  any  authority 
as  magiftrate,  except  he  were  chofen  in  the  annual  elec- 
tions to  one  of  the  faid  places  of  mgiftracy  eftablifhed  by 
the  faid  patent.  This  being  thus  bluntly  tcndred  (no 
mention  being  made  thereoi  before)  the  Governor  took 
time  to  confider  of  it  before  he  would  put  it  to  vote  ;  Ib 
when  the  court  was  rifen,  the  magiftrates  advilcd  of  it 

and 


i&o  GOVERNOR    WINTRHOP's 

1639.      and  drew  up  another  order  to  this  effeft. — That  wheread 

v v- '  at  the  court  in  it  was  ordered  that   a  certain  rmm- 

Mo.  3.  her  of  magiftrates  {houldbe  chofcn  to  be  a  /landing  coun- 
cil for  life  &c.  whereupon  fome  had  gathered  that  we  had 
erefted  a  new  order  ol  inagifhates  not  warranted  by  our 
patent — this  court  doth  therefore  daclare  that  the  intent 
of  the  faid  order  was,  that  the  laid  (landing  council  mould 
always  be  chofen  out  of  the  rnagiflrates  &c.  and  there- 
fore it  is  now  ordered  that  no  inch  counieilor  ihall  have 
any  power  as  a  magi  (Irate,  or  ihall  do  any  act  as  a  rnagii- 
trate  &c.  except  lie  be  annually  chofen  according  to  the 
patent;  and  this  order  was  after  patted  by  vote.  That 
which  led  thofe  of  the  council  to  yield  to  this  defire  of 
the  deputies  was,  becauie  it  concerned  themfelvcs,  and 
they  did  more  ftudy  to  remove  thofe  jealouiies  out  of  the 
people's  he.ic's,  than  to  prefcrve  any  power  or  dignity  to 
themfelves  above  others,  for  'lill  this  court  thole  of  the 
council,  viz.  Mr,  Endicott,  had  flood  and  executed  as  a 
magiftrate  without  any  annual  election,  and  fo  they  had 
been  reported  by  the  elders  and  all  the  people  'till  this 
prefent.  But  the  order  was  drawn  up  in  this  form  that 
it  might  be  of  lefs  obfervation,  and  freeer  from  any  note 
of  injury  to  make  this  alteration  rather  by  way  of  explana- 
tion of  the  fundamental  order,  than  without  any  caufs 
(hewn  to  repeal  that  which  had  been  eftablifhed  by  fen- 
ous  advice  of  the  elders,  and  had  been  in  practice  tv/o  or 
three  years  without  any  inconvenience.  And  here  may 
be  obferved  how  flriclly  the  people  would  feeiri  to  flick 
to  their  patent  where  they  think  it  makes  for  their  advan- 
tage, but  are- content  to  decline  it  where  it  will  not  warrant 
fuch  liberties  as  they  have  taken  up  without  warrant  from 
thence,  as  appears  in  their  flrife  for  three  deputies  &c. 
whereas  the  patent  allows  them  none  at  alj,  but  only  by 
inference,  voting  by  proxies  &c. 

The  Governor  acquainted  the  General  Court  that  in 
thefe  two  lad  years  of  his  government  he  had  received 
from  the  indians  in  prefents,  to  the  value  of  about  /~4O. 
and  that  he  had  fpent  about  £2.0.  in  entertainment  of 
them  and  in  prefents  to  their  Sachems  &c.  The  court 
declared  that  the  prefents  were  the  Governor's  due,  but 
the  tribute  was  to  be  paid  to  the  treafurer. 

Mo.  4*15  Mr.  Endicott  and  Mr.  Stoughton,  commiffioners,  for 
us,  and  Mr.  Bradford  and  Mjr:  Winllow  for  Plimouth, 
met  at  Hingham  about  deciding  the  difference  between, 
us  concerning  bounds.  Our  comilTioners  had  full  power 

to 


JOURNAL.  181 

to  determine  &c.  but  theirs  had  not,  altho'  they  had  no-      1639. 

tice  of  it  long  before,  and  themfelves  had  (appointed   the  v vr ' 

day :  Whereupon  the  court  ordered  that  thofe  of  Hing-  Mo.  4. 
ham  fhouid  make  ufe  of  all  the  lands  near  Conyhaffett  to 
the  crook  next  Scituate  'till  the  court  (hould  take  further 
order  ;  and  a  letter  was  directed  to  the  Governor  at  Pli- 
mouth  to  the  fame  effe&,  with  declaration  of  the  reafons 
of  our  proceeding,  and  readinefs  to  give  them  a  further 
meeting.  The  charges  of  their  commiflioners  diet,  were 
defrayed  by  us,  becaufe  they  met  us  within  our  own  ju- 
rifdiftion. 

Thofe  of  Exeter  replied  to  our  anfwer,  (landing  flili  to 
maintain  the  Indians'  right  and  their  intereft  thereby. 
But  in  the  mean  time  we  had  fent  men  to  difcover  Mer- 
rimack,  and  foutid  fome  part  of  it  about  Penkook  to  lie 
more  northerly  than  43^.  We  returned  anfwer  to  them, 
that  tho'  we  would  not  relinquish  our  intcreftby  priority 
of  poffeffion  for  any  right  they  could  have  from  the  in- 
dians,  yet  feeing  they  had  profefled  not  to  claim  any  thing 
which  fhouid  fall  within  our  patent,  we  would  look  no 
further  than  that  in  refpect  of  their  claim. 

One  Mr.  Ryall  having  gotten  a  patent  at  Sagadahoc 
out  of  the  grand  patent,  wrote  to  our  Governor  and  ten- 
dered it  to  our  government,  fo  as  we  would  fend  people 
to  poflefs  it.  The  Governor  acquainted  the  general 
court  with  it,  but  nothing  was  done  about  it,  for  we  were 
not  ready  for  fuch  a  bunnefs,  having  enough  befides  at 
home. 

Mr.  Hooker  being  to  preach  at  Cambridge,  the  Gov-  26 
ernor  and  many  others  went  to  hear  him  (tho'  the  Gov- 
ernor did  very  feldom  go  from  his  own  congregation  up- 
on the  Lord's  day.)  He  preached  in  the  afternoon,  and 
haviag  gone  on  with  much  ftrength  of  voice  and  inten- 
tion of  fpirit  about  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  he  was  at  a 
ftand,  and  told  the  people  that  God  had  deprived  him 
both  of  his  ftrength  and  matter  &c.  and  fo  went  forth, 
and  about  half  an  hour  after  returned  again  and  went  on 
to  very  good  purpofe  about  two  hours. 

There  was  at  this  time  a  very  great  dearth  all  over  the 
country  both  eaft  and  weft,  there  being  little  or  no  rain 
from  the  26th  of  the  zd  month  to  the  loth  of  the  4th,  fo 
as  the  corn  generally  began  to  wither,  and  great  fear  there 
was  it  would  all  be  loft.  Whereupon  the  general  court 
conferred  with  the  elders,  and  agreed  upon  a  day  of 
humiliation  about  a  weak  after.  The  very  day  after  the 

fad 


GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

ftaft  was  appointed  there  fell  a  good  fhower,  and  within 
one  week  after  the  day  of  humiliation  was  paft  we  had 
fuch  (lore  of  rain,  and  fo  feafonably,  as  the  corn  revived 
and  gave  hope  of  a  very  plentiful  harvell.  When  the 
court  and  the  elders  were  met  about  it,  they  conferred  of 
fuch  things  as  were  amifs  which  might  provoke  -God  a- 
gainft  us,  and  agreed  'to  acquaint  their  churches  there* 
with  that  they  might  be  ftirred  up  to  bewail  and  reform 
them. 

We  were  much  afraid  this  year  of  a  flcp  in  England 
by  reafon  of  the  complaints  which  had  been  lent  again  ft 
us,  and  the  great  difpleafure  which  the  archbifhops.  and 
other  the  commiffioners  for  plantations  had  conceived 
and  uttered  againft  us  both  for  thofe  complaints,  and  al- 
fo  for  our  not  fending  home  our  patent.  But  the  Lord 
wrought  for  us  beyond  all  expectation,  for  the  petition 
which  we  returned  in  anfwer  of  the  order  fent  for  our 
patent  was  read  before  the  lords  aud  well  accepted,  as  is 
before  expreffed  ;  and  fhips  came  to  us  from  England 
and  divers  other  parts  with  great  ftore  of  people  *md  pro- 
vifions  of  all  forts. 

About  this  time  our  people  came  from  I  fie  Sable  ;  a 
bark  went  for  them  the  zd  of  the  ift  month,  but  by  foul 
weather  (he  was  wrecked  there,  and  of  her  ruins  they 
made  afmall  one  wherein  they  returned.  It  was  found 
to  be  a  great  error  to  fend  thither  before  the  middle  of 
the  ad  month.  They  had  gotten  ftore  of  feal,  oil  and 
fkins,  and  fome  horfe  teeth  and  black  fox  {kins  :  but  the 
lofs  of  the  veffel  &c.  overthrew  the  hope  of  the  defign. 
The  ifland  is  very  healthful  and  temperate.  We  loft  not 
one  man  in  two  years,  nor  any  fick  &c. 

Mo.  5.  The  rent  at  Connecticut  grew  greater  notwithstanding 
the  great  pains  we  had  been  taking  for  healing  it,  fo  as 
the  Church  of  Weathersfield  itfelf  was  not  only  divided 
from  the  reft  of  the  town  Sec.  but  of  thofe  feven  which 
were  the  church,  four  fell  off,  fo  as  it  was  conceived  that 
thereby  the  church  was  diffolved,  which  occafioned  the 
church  of  Watertown  here  (which  had  divers  of  her  mem- 
bers there  not  yet  difmiffed)  to  fend  two  of  their  church 
to  look  after  their  members,  and  to  take  order  with  them. 
But  the  contention  and  alienation  of  minds  was  fuch  as 
they  could  not  bring  them  to  any  other  accord  than  this, 
that  the  one  party  muft  remove  to  fome  other  place, 
which  they  both  confented  to,  but  ftill  the  difficulty  re- 
mained, for  thofe  three  who  pretended  thcmfelves 

to 


• 


JOURNAL.  183 

to  be  the  church   pleaded  that  privilege   for  their   ftay,      1639. 
and  the  others  alledged  their  multitude  &c.  fo  as  neither 
would  give   place,  whereby   it   feemed,   that  either  they    Mo. 
minded  not  the  example  of  Abraham's   offer   to  Lot,  or 
elfe  they  wanted  Abraham's  fpirit    of  peace   and  love. 

This  controverfy  having  called  in  Mr.  Davenport  and 
others  of  Quilipiack,  for  mediation,  and  they  not  accor- 
ding with  thofe  of  Connecticut  about  the  cafe,  gave  ad- 
vantage to  fatan  to  ft  raw  fome  feeds  of  contention  be- 
tween thofe  plantations  alfo,  but  being  godly  and  wifp 
men  on  both  parts,  things  were  eaiily  reconciled. 

In  this  month  there  arrived  two  (hips  of  Quilipiack, 
one  was  of  350  tons,  wherein  came  Mr.  Fenwick  and  his 
lady  and  family  to  make  a  plantation  at  Saybrook  upon 
the  mouth  of  Connecticut.  Two  other  plantations  were 
began  beyond  Quilipiack,  and  every  plantation  intended 
a  peculiar  government. 

There  were  alfo  divers  new  plantations  begun  this 
fummer  here  and  at  Plimouth — as  Colchefter  upon  Mer- 
rimack — Sudbury  by  Concord — (Winicowett  was  named 
Hampton) — Yarmouth  and  Barnftaple  by  Cape  Cod. 

Capt.  Underbill  having  been  dealt  with  and  convinced 
of  his  great  fin  againft  God  and  the  churches  and  ftate 
here  &c,.  returned  to  a  better  mind,  and  wrote  divers  let- 
ters to  the  Governor  and  Deputy  &c.  bewailing  his  of- 
fences, and  craving  pardon.  See  after. 

There  was  fent  to  the  Governor  a  copy  of  a  letter  writ- 
ten into  England  by  Mr.  Hanyard  Knolles  of  Pifcat : 
wherein  he  had  moft  falfly  flandered  this  government,  as 
that  it  was  worfe  than  the  high  commtffion  &c.  and  that 
here  was  nothing  but  oppreflion,  and  not  fo  much  as  a 
face  of  religion.  The  Governor  acquainted  one  of  Pif- 
cat :  Mr.  Knolles  his  fpecial  friend  with  it,  whereupon 
Mr.  Knolles  became  very  much  perplexed,  and  wrote  to 
the  Governor  acknowleding  the  wrong  he  had  done  us, 
and  defired  that  his  retraction  might  be  publiflied.  The 
Governor  fent  his  letter  into  England  and  kept  a  copy  of 
it.  See  more  of  this  after. 

At  Providence  matters  went  after  the  old  manner.  Mr. 
Williams  and  many  of  his  company  a  fome  months  fince 
were  in  all  hafte  rebaptized  and  denied  communion  with 
all  others,  and  now  he  was  come  to  queftion  his  fecond 
baptifm,  not  being  able  to  derive  the  authority  of  it  from 
the  apoftles,  otherwife  than  by  the  minifters  of  England 
(whom  he  judged  to  be  ill  authority)  fo  as  he  conceived 

God 


184  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1639.      God  would  raifc  up  fome  apoftolic  power,  therefore  he 

v N/ '  bent  himfelf  that  way,  expecting  (as  was  fuppofed)  tobe- 

Mo.  5.  come  an  apoftle,  and  having  no  title  before,  refufed  com- 
munion with  all  fave  his  own  wife — now  he  would 
preach  and  pray  with  all  comers  :  whereupon  fome  of 
his  followers  left  him  and  returned  back  from  whence 
they  went. 

6.  27.  There  came  a  fmall  bark  from  the  W.Indies,  one  Capt, 
Sackett  in  her  with  commiflion  from  the  Weftminfter 
company  to  take  prizes  from  the  Spaniards.  He  brought 
much  wealth  in  money,  plate,  indigo  and  fugar.  He  fold 
his  indigo  and  fugar  here  for  £"1400.  whereby  he  furnifh- 
cd  himfelf  with  commodities  and  departed  again  for  the 
W.  Indies. 

A  fifhing  trade  was  began  at  Cape  Anne  by  one  Mr. 
Maverick  Tomfon  a  merchant  of  London,  and  an  order 
was  made  that  all  flocks  employed  in  fifhing  fhould  be 
free  from  public  charge  for  feven  years.  This  was  not 
done  to  encourage  foreigners  to  fet  up  fifhing  among  us, 
for  all  the  gains  would  be  returned  to  the  place  where 
they  dwelt,  but  to  encourage  our  own  people  to  fet  upon 
it,  and  in  expe&ation  that  Mr.  Tomfon  &c.  would  e're 
long  come  fettle  with  us. 

Here  was  fuch  ftore  of  exceeding  large  and  fat  mack- 
rell  upon  our  coaft  this  feafon  as  was  a  great  benefit  to  all 
our  plantations.  Some  one  ooat  with  three  men  would 
take  in  a  week  ten  hundreds,  which  was  fold  at  Connec- 
ticut for  £ 3.  12  the  hundred. 

There  were  fuch  fwarms  of  fmall  flies  like  moths  came 
from  the  fouthward  that  they  covered  the  fea,  and  came 
flying  like  drifts  of  fnow,  but  none  of  them  were  feen  up- 
on the  land. 

Mo.  4.  At  the  general  court  at  Bofton  one  Mr.  Nathaniel  Ea- 
ton brother  to  the  magiftrate  at  Quilipiatk,  was  convent- 
cd  and  cenfured.  The  occafion  was  this.  He  was  a 
fchoolmafter  and  had  many  feholars  the  fons  of  gentle- 
men and  others  of  beft  note  in  the  country,  and  had  en- 
tertained one  Nathaniel  Briftoe,  a  gentleman  born,  to  be 
his  ufher,  and  to  do  fome  other  things  for  him  which  ' 
might  not  be  unfit  for  a  fcholar.  He  had  not  been  with 
him  above  three  days  but  he  fell  out  with  him  for  a  very 
fmall  occafion,  and  with  reproachful  terms  difcharged 
him,  and  turned  him  out  of  his  doors  :  but  it  being  then 
about  8  of  the  clock  after  the  fabbath,  he  told  him  he 
{hould  fray 'till  next  morning,  and  fome  words  growing 

be- 


JOURNAL.  185 

between   them,   he  ftruck  him  and  pulled  him  into  his      1639. 

houfe  ;  Briftoe  defended  himfelf  and  clofed   with   him,  * „ J 

and  being  parted  he  came  in  and  went  up  to  his  chamber  Mo^  4. 
to  lodge  there.  Mr.  Eaton  fent  for  the  confbble,  who 
advifed  him  firft  to  admoniili  him  &c.  and  if  he  could 
not  by  the  power  of  a  mafter  reform  him,  then  he  fhould 
complain  to  the  magiftratc.  But  he  cauied  his  man  to 
Fetch  him  a  cudgel,  which  Was  a  walnut  tree  plant,  big 
enough  to  have  killed  a  horfe,  and  a  yard  in  length,  and 
taking  his  two  men  with  him,  he  went  up  to  Briftoe, 
and  caufed  his  men  to  hold  him  'till  he  had  given  him 
two  hundred  flripes  about  the  head  and  fhoutders  &c. 
and  fo  kept  him  under  blows,  with  fume  two  or  three 
Jhort  intermiflions,  about  the  fpace  of  two  hours,  about 
which  time  Mr.  Shepherd  and  fome  others  of  the  town 
came  in  at  the  outcry,  and  fo  he  gave  over.  In  this  dif- 
trefs  Briftoe  got  at  his  knife  and  (truck  at  the  man  that 
held  him,  but  hurt  him  not  :  he  aHo  fell  to  prayer,  fup- 
pofing  he  fhould  have  been  murdered,  and  then  Mr.  Ea- 
ton beat  him  for  taking  the  name  of  God  in  vain.  Af- 
ter this  Mr.  Eaton  and  Mr.  Sh  :  \vho  knew  not  then  of 
thefe  paffages,  came  to  the  Governor  and  fome  other  of 
the  magiftrates,  and  complaining  of  Briftoe  for  his  info- 
lent  fpeech,  and  for  crying  out  murder  and  drawing  his 
knife,  and  defired  that  he  might  be  enjoined  to  a  public 
acknowledgment  &c.  The  magiftrates  anfwered  that 
they  muft  firft  hear  him  fpeak,  and  then  they  would  do 
as  they  ftiould  fee  caufe.  Mr.  Eaton  was  difpleafed  at 
this  and  went  away  difcontented,  and  being  after  called 
into  the  court  to  make  anfwer  to  the  information  that 
had  been  given  by  fome  who  knew  the  truth  of  the  cafe, 
and  alfo  to  anfwer  for  his  negleft  and  cruelty  and  other 
ill  ufage  towards  his  fcholars,  one  of  the  elders,  not  fuf- 
pefting  fuch  mifcarriages  by  him,  came  to  the  Governor 
and  {hewed  himfelf  much  grieved  that  he  fhould  be  pub- 
lickly  produced,  ailedging  that  it  would  deiogate  from 
his  authority  and  icverence  among  his  fcholars  &c.  but 
the  caufe  went  on  notwithftanding,  and  he  was  called," 
and  thefc  things  laid  to  his  charge  in  the  open  court. 
His  anfwers  were  full  of  pride  and  difdain,  telling  the 
magiftrates  that  they  (hould  not  need  to  do  any  thing 
herein,  for  he  was  intended  to  leave  his  employment. 
And  being  afked  why  he  ufed  fuch  cruelty  to  Briftoe  his 
uiher,  and  to  other  his  fcholars  (for  it  was  teftitied  by  an 
•therofhis  uQiers  and  divers  of  his  fcholars  that  he 
A  a  would 


i86  ,     GOVERNOR    W  1  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1639.  \vculd  give  them  between  twenty  and  thirty  ftripes  at  a 
L — v~~J  time,  and  would  not  leave  'till  they  had  confeffed  what 
Mo.  4.  he  requited)  his  anfwer  was  that  he  had  this  rule,  that 
he  would  not  give  over  correcting  'till  he  had  fubdued. 
the  party  to  his  will.  Being  alfo  queflioned  about  the 
ill  and  fcant  diet  of  his  boarders  (for  tho'  their  friends 
gave  large  allowance,  yet  their  diet  was  ordinarily  no- 
thing but  porridge  and  pudding,  and  that  very  homely) 
he  put  it  off  to  his  wife  :  fo  the  court  difmiffed  him  at 
prefent  and  commanded  him  to  attend  the  next  day. 
When  being  called,  he  was  commanded  to  the  lower  end 
of  the  table  (where  all  offenders  ufually  ftand)  and  being 
openly  convift  of  all  the  former  offences  by  the  oaths  of 
four  or  five  witneffes,  he  yet  continued  to  juftify  himfelf, 
fo  it  being  near  night  he  was  committed  to  the  marfhall 
'till  the  next  day.  When  the  court  was  fet  in  the  morn- 
ing, many  of  the  elders  came  into  the  court  (it  being  then 
private  for  matter  of  confutation)  and  declaredhow  the 
evening  before  they  had  taken  pains  with  him  to  con- 
vince him  of  his  fault,  yet  for  divers  hours  he  had  ftill 
ftood  to  his  juftification,  but  in  th^  end  he  was  convinc- 
ed, and  had  freely  and  fully  acknowledged  his  fm  and 
that  with  tears,  fo  as  they  did  hope  he  had  truly  repent- 
ed, and  therefore  defired  of  the  court  that  he  might  be 
pardoned  and  continued  in  his  employment,  alledging 
fuch  further  reafons  as  they  thought  fit.  After  the  elders 
were  departed  the  court  confulted  about  it  and  fent  for 
him,  and  there  in  the  open  court,  before  a  great  aflembly, 
he  made  a  very  folid,  wife,  eloquent  and  ferious  (feem<- 
ing)  confefTion,  condemning  himfelf  in  all  the  particu- 
lars &c.  Whereupon  being  put  afide,  the  court  con- 
fulted privately  about  his  fentence,  and  tho'  many  were 
taken  with  his  confeflion,  and  none  but  had  a  charitable 
opinion  of  it,  yet  becaufe  of  the  fcandal  of  religion,  and  . 
offence  which  would  be  given  to  fuch  as  might  intend 
to  fend  their  children  hither,  they  all  agreed  to  cenfure 
him.  and  put  him  from  that  employment.  So  being  call- 
ed in.  the  Governor  after  a  fhort  preface,  declared  the 
fentence  of  the  court  to  this  effect,  viz.  that  he  fhould 
give  Brifioe  ^30 — fined  100  -  and  debarred  teaeh-; 
ing  of  children  within  our  jurifdiftion.  A  paufe  being 
made,  and  expectation  that  according  to  his  former  con- 
feffion  he  would  have  given  glory  to  God,  and  acknow- 
ledged the  juftice  and  clemency  of  the  court — the  Gov- 
ernor giving  himoccafion  by  a  {king  him  if  he  had  ought 

to 


JOURNAL.  187 

to  fay — he  turned  away  with  a  difcontented  look,  faying,      1639. 

{i  If  fentence  be  pafled   then   it  is  to  no  end   to  fpeak."  * v ' 

Yet  the  court  remitted  his  fine  to  £^20.  and  willed  Briftoe    Mo.  4. 
to  take  but  £"ao.-— • 

The  church  at  Cambridge  taking  notice  of  the fe  pro- 
ceedings, intended  to  deal  with  him.  The  paftor  moved 
the  Governor  if  they  might,  without  offence  to  the  court, 
examine  other  witneffes  ;  his  anfwer  was,  that  the  court 
would  leave  them  to  their  own  liberty,  but  he  faw  not  to 
what  end  they  fhotild  do  it,  feeing  there  had  been  five  al- 
ready upon  oath,  and  thofe  whom  they  {hould  examine 
(hould  fpeak  without  oath,  and  it  was  an  ordinance  of 
God  that  by  the  mouths  of  two  or  three  witnefles  every 
matter  {hould  be  eftablifhed.  But  he  foon  difcovered 
himfelf,  for  e'er  the  church  could  come  to  deal  with  him 
he  fled  to  Pifcat :  and  being  purfued  and  apprehended 
by  tiic  Governor  there,  he  again  acknowledged  his  great 
fin  ii>  Hying  &c.  and  promifed  as  he  was  a  chriftian  man 
he  would  return  with  the  meffengers,  but  becaufe  his 
things  he  carried  with  him  were  aboard  a  bark  there, 
hound  to  Virginia,  he  defirerl  leave  to  go  fetch  them, 
which  they  affenied  unto,  and  went  with  him  three  of 
them,  aboard  with  him  :  fo  he  took  his  trufs  and  came 
away  with  them  in  the  boat,  but  being  come  to 
the  fhore,  and  two  of  them  going  out  of  the  boat,  he 
caufed  the  boatman  to  put  off  the  boat,  and  becaufe  the 
third  man  would  not  go  out,  he  turned  him  into  the  wa- 
.ter  where  he  had  been  drowned  if  he  had  not  faved  him- 
fclfby  fwimming,  fo  he  returned  to  the  bark  andprefent- 
ly  they  fet  fail  and  went  out  of  the  barbour.  Being  thus^ 
gone  his  creditors  began  to  complain,  and  thereupon  it 
was  found  that  he  was  run  in  debt  about  £1000.  and  had 
taken  up  moft  of  his  money  upon  bills  he  had  charged  in- 
to England  upon  his  brother's  agents,  and  others  whom 
he  had  no  fuch  relation  to  :  fo  his  eftate  was  fcized  and 
put  into  commillioncrs  hands  to  be  divided  among  his 
creditors,  allowing  fomewhat  for  the  prefent  maintenance 
of  his  wife  and  children.  And  being  thus  gone  the 
church  proceeded  and  caft  him  out.  He  had  been  fome 
time  initiated  among  the  Jefuits,  and  coming  into  Eng- 
land his  friends  drew  him  from  them,  but  it  was  very 
probable  he  now  intended  to  return  to  them  again,  be- 
ing at  this  time  about  30  years  of  age  and  upwards.  S^s 
after. 

Mount  Wool  a  (Ion  had  been  formerly  laid  to   Boflon,      7.  17. 

but 


i9o  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1639.  another  who  knows  the  worth  of  the  commodity 
would  give  for  it  if  he  had  occafion  to  ufe  it,  as  that  is 
called  current  money  which  every  man  will  take  &c. 

2.  When  a  man  lofeth  in  his  commodity  for  want  of 
(kill  he  muft  look   at  it  as  his  own   fault  or  crofs,  and 
therefore  muft  not  lay  it  upon  another. 

3.  When  a  man   lofeth   by  cafualty  of  fea  &c.  it  is  a 
lols  cad  upon  himfclf  by  providence,  and   he  may  not 
cafe  himfelf  of  it  by  cafting  it  upon   another  ;  for  fo  a 
man  (hould  feem  to  provide  againft  ail  providences,  that 
he  fhould  never  lofe  ;  but  where  there  is  a  fcarcity   of 
the  commodity,  there  men  may  raife  their  price,  for  now 
it  is  a  hand  of  God  upon  the  commodity  and  not  the  per- 
fon. 

4.  A  man  may  notafk  any  more  for  his  commodity  than 
his  felling  price,  asEphron  to  Abraham,  the  land  is  worth 
thus  much. 

The  caufc  being  debated  by  the  church  fome  were  ear- 
neft  to  have  hirn  excommunicated,  but  the  moft  thought 
an  admonition  would  be  fufficient.  Mr.  Cotton  opened 
the  caufe*  which  required  excommunication  out  of  that 
in  i.  Cor.  5.  11.  the  point  now  in  queftion  was,  whether 
thefe  actions  did  declare  him  to  be  fuch  a  covetous  perfon 
&c.  Upon  which  he  (hewed  that  it  is  neither  the  habit 
of  covetoufnefs  (which  is  in  every  man  in  fome  degree) 
nor  fimply  the  aft  that  declares  a  man  to  be  fuch,  but 
when  it  appears  that  a  man  fins  againft  his  conscience  or 
the  very  light  of  nature,  and  when  it  appears  in  a  man's 
whole  conversation,  but  Mr.  Kaine  did  not  appear  to  be 
fuch,  but  rather  upon  an  error  in  his  judgment,  being  led 
by  falfe  principles,  and  befide  he  is  otherwife  liberal  as 
in  his  hofpitality  and  in  church  communion  &c.  fo  in 
the  end  the  church  confented  to  an  admonition. 

Upon  this  occafion  a  queition  grew  whether  an  admp- 
.nition  did  bar  a  man  from  the  facrament,  and  of  this  more 
(hall  be  fpoke  hereafter. 

Being  now  about  church  matters,  I  will  here  infert 
Another  paflage  in  the  fame  church  which  fell  out  about 
the  fame  time.  Their  old  meeting  houfe  being  decayed 
and  too  fmall  they  fold  it  away  and  agreed  to  build  ano- 
ther, which  workmen  undertook  to  fet  up  for  £~6oo. 
Three  hundred  pounds  they  had  for  the  old,  and  the  reft 
was  to  be  gathered  by  voluntary  contributions,  as  other 
charges  were,  but  there  grew  a  great  difference  among 
the  brethren  where  this  new  one  fhould  (land.  Some 

were 


JOURNAL.  igt 

were  for  the  green  (which  was  the  Governor's  firft  lot      1639. 

and  he  had  yielded  it  to  the  church  &c.)     Others,  viz.  * v— — ' 

the  tradefmen,  efpecially  who  dwelt  about  the  market  Mo.  7. 
place,  deli  red  it  might  ftand  (till  nearer  the  market,  left 
in  time  it  fhould  divert  the  chief  trade  from  thence. 
The  church  referred  it  to  the  judgment  and  determination 
of  five  of  the  brethren,  who  agreed  that  the  filteft  place 
(all  things  con(ulered)  would  be  near  the  market,  but 
understanding  that  many  of  the  brethren  were  unfatisfi- 
ed,  and  defired  rather  it  might  be  put  to  a  lot — they  de- 
clared only  their  opinion?  in  writing  and  refpited  the 
full  deterrrri nation  to  another  general  meeting,  thinking 
it  very  unfafe  to  proceed  with  the  difcontent  of  any  con- 
fiderable  part  of  the  church.  When  the  church  met,  the 
matter  was  debated  to  and  fro,  and  grew  at  length  to 
fome  earneftnefs,  but  after  Mr.  Cotton  had  cleared  it  up 
to  them  that  the  removing  it  to  the  green  would  be  a 
damage  to  fuch  as  dwelt  by  the  market,  who  had  there 
purchafed  and  built  at  great  charge,  but  it  would  be  no 
damage  to  the  moft  to  have  it  by  the  market  place,  and 
tho*  fome  remained  ftill  in  their  opinion  that  the  green 
were  the  fitter  place,  yet  for  peace  fake  they  yielded  to  < 

the  reft  by  keeping  nlence  while  it  pafled.  This  good 
providence  and  over  ruling  hand  of  God  caufed  much 
admiration  and  acknowledgment  of  fpecial  mercy  to  the 
church,  efpecially  confidering  how  long  the  like  conten- 
tion had  held  in  fome  other  churches,  and  which  with- 
out difficulty  they  had  been  accorded. 

At  the   court  of  afiiftants  one  MarrAaduke   Perry  of 
Salem  was  arraigned  for  the  death   of  one  his 

apprentice.  The  great  inqueft  found  the  'bill  for  mur- 
der; the  jury  of  life  and  death  could  not  agree,  fo  they 
were  adjourned  to  the  next  court,  and  Perry  was  let  to 
bail  by  the  Governor  and  fome  other  of  the  magiftrates, 
after  the  court.  At  the  court  in  lober.  the  prifoner  ap* 
peared,  and  the  jury  baing  called,  had  further  evidence 
given  them  which  tended  to  the  clearing  of  Perry,  yet 
two  of  the  jury  dififented  from  the  reft  who  were  all  agreed 
to  acquit  him.  In  the  end  it  had  this  iffue,  that  thefe  two 
were  fileVit  and  fo  the  verdift  was  received.  The  caufe 
was  this.  The  boy  was  ill  difpofed  and  his  mailer  gave 
him  unreafonable  correction  and  ufed  him  ill  in  his  diet. 
After  the  boy  got  a  bruife  on  his  head,  fo  as  there  appear- 
ed a  frafture  in  his  fcull,  being  diflefted  after  his  death. 
Now  two  things  were  in  the  evidence  which  made  the 

cafe 


192  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1639.  cafe  doubtful,  one  the  boy  his  charging  his  mafter  before 
his  death  to  have  given  him  that  wound  with  his  matyard 
and  with  a  broomftafT  (for  he  fpzke  of  both  at  feveral 
times.)  The  other  was  that  he  had  told  another  that  his 
hurt  came  with  the  fall  of  a  bough  from  a  tree,  and  other 
evidence  there  was  none. 

At  the  general  court  the  inhabitants  of  the  upper  part 
of  Pi  feat :  viz.  Dover  &c.  had  written  to  the  Governor 
to  offer  themfelves  to  come  under  our  government.  An- 
fwer  was  returned  them,  that  if  they  fent  two  or  three  of 
their  company  with  full  commiflion  under  all  their  hands 
to  conclude  &c.  it  was  like  the  court  would  agree  to 
their  proportions,  and  now  at  this  court  came  three  with 
comrmffion  to  agree  upon  certain  articles  annexed  to 
their  commiflion,  which  being  read,  the  court  appointed 
three  to  treat  with  them,  but  their  articles  being  not  rea- 
fv»nable,  they  flood  not  upon  them  but  confefled  that  they 
had  ablolute  commiffion  to  conclude  by  their  difcretion^ 
•whereupon  the  treaty  was  brought  to  a  conclufion  to  this 
effect,  That  they  fhould  fare  as  Ipfwich  and  Salem,  and 
have  courts  there  &c.  as  by  copy  of  the  agreement  re- 
maining with  the  records  doth  appear.  This  was  ratifi- 
ed under  a  public  feal  and  fo  delivered  to  them,  only 
they  def»red  a  promife  from  the  court,  that  if  tjfe  people 
did  not  a  (Tent  to  it  (which  yet  they  had  no  fear  of)  they 
might  be  at  liberty,  which  was  granted  them. 

Thole  of  Exeter  fent  the  like  proportions  to  the  court, 
but  not  liking,  it  feem-s,  the  agreement  which  thofe  of  Do- 
ver had  made,  they  repented  themfelves  and  wrote  to  the 
court  that  they  intended  not  to  proceed. 

At  this  court  there  fell  out  feme  conteftation  between 
the  Goveinor  and  the  treafurer.  Nich:  Trerice  Joeing 
defendant  in  a  caufe  wherein  Mr.  Hibbins  brother  in  lav/ 
to  the  treafurer  was  plaintiff  for  £^500.  which  the  fearch- 
ers  took  from  him  in  the  flv'p  whereof  Trerice  was  maf- 
ter, and  the  defendant  having  anfwered  upon  oath  to  cer- 
tain interrogatories  miniftered  unto  him,  which  were 
read  to  him  before  he  took  his  oath,  and  the  treafurer 
prefling  him  again  with  the  fame  interrogatory,  the  Gov- 
ernor faid  he  had  anfwered  the  fame  dirc&ly  before.  The 
treafurer  hereupon  faid  (angrily)  Sir,  I  fpeak  not  to  you. 
The  Governor  replied,  that  time  was  very  precious,  and 
feeing  the  thing  was  already  anfwered  it  was  fit  to  pro- 
ceed. Hereupon  the  treafurer  Mood  up,  and  faid  if  he 
might  not  have  liberty  to  fpeak  he  would  no  longer  fit 

there. 


JOURNAL,  193 

there.     The  Governor  replied  that  it  was  his  place  to       1639. 

manage  the  proceedings  of  the  court.     The  treafurer  then  ^ J- '' 

faid,  you  have  no  more  to  do  in  managing  the  bufinefs 
than  I:  at  which  the  Governor  took  offence,  as  at  an 
injury  done  to  his  place,  and  appealed  to  the  court  to  de- 
clare whether  he  might  not  injoin  any  of"  Uie  magiftrates 
tilence,  if  he  (aw  caufe.  The  Deputy  Governor,  at  firft 
apprehenfion,  gainfaid  it,  but  prefently  both  himfelf  and 
the  reft  of  the  magiftrats;;  (for  the  deputies  were  without 
flaying  'till  the  caufe  fhcuid  be  ended)  did  agree  that  he 
might  ib  do  for  a  particular  time,  and  if  the  party  fo  en- 
joined filence  were  unfatisfied,  he  might 'appeal  to  the 
\vhoie  court,  who  might  give  him  liberty  to  fpeak,  the/ 
the  Governor  had  retrained  him.  So  the  Governor 
p  re  fled  it  no  further,  yet  expected  that  the  court  would 
not  have  fuffered  fich  a  public  affront  to  the  Governor 
to  have  paficd  without  due  reproof  &c.  But  nothing 
was  done  fave  orly  the  iscretary  and  fome  one  other 
(pake  fomewhut  of  their  diflike  of  it,  neither  did  it  occa- 
fion  any  falling  out  between  the  Governor  and  the  trea- 
furer, for  the  Governor  held  himfelf  fufnciently  difcharg- 
ed  after  he  had  referred  it  to  the  consideration  of  the 
court,  fo  if  they  did  not  look  at  it  as  a  public  injury,  he 
was  willing  to  account  of  it  accordir  gly. 

There  happened  a  memorable  thing  at  Plimouth  about 
this  time.  One  -Key far  of  Linne,  being  at  Plimouth  in 
his  boat,  and  one  Dickerfon  with  him,  a  profeifop,  but  a 
notorious  thief,  was  coming  out  of  the  harbour  with  the 
ebbe,  and  the  wind  foutherly  a  irefn  gale,  yet  with  all 
their  (kill  and  labour  they  could  not  in  three  hours  get 
the  boat  above  a  league,  fo  as  they  were  forced  to  come  to 
anchor,  and  at  the  flow  to  go  back  to  the  town,  -and  as 
fobn  as  they  were  come  in  the  faid  Dickerfon  was  arrefl- 
ed  upon  fufprcion  of  a  gold  ring  and  fome  other  pieces  of 
gold  which  upon  fearch  were  found  about  him,  and  he 
was  there  whipped  for  it. 

The  like  happened  at  Bofton  about  two  years  before-. 
Schooler  who  was  executed  for  murder,  as  before  is  men- 
tioned, had  broke  prifon  and  was  efcaped  beyond  Wirii- 
femett,  but  there  he  was  taken  with  fuch  an  aftonifhment 
&c.  as  he  could  go  no  further,  but  was  forced  to  return 
to  Bofton.  Thefe  and  many  other  examples  of  difcover- 
ing  hypocrites  and  other  lewd  perfons,  and  bringing  them 
under  their  deferred  punifhments,  do,  among  other 
things,  fhew  the  prefence  and  po"wer  of  God  in  .his  ordi- 
B  b  nances, 


194  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

nances,  his  blefling  upon  his  people  while  they  endea- 
vour  to  walk  before  him  with  uprightnefs. 

At  Kennebeck  the  indians  wanted  food,  and  there  be- 
ing (lore  in  the  Plimouih  trading  houfe,  they  eonfpired 
to  kill  the  Englifh  there  for  their  provifion,  and  fome 
indians  coming  into  the  houfe,  Mr.  Willet  the  mailer  of 
the  houfe  being  reading  in  the  bible,  his  countenance  was 
mors  folemn  than  at  other  times,  fo  as  he  did  not  look, 
chearfully  upon  them  as  he  was  wont  to  do — whereupon 
they  went  out  and  told  their  fellows  that  their  purpofe 
was  difcovered.  They  afked  them  how  it  could  be,  the 
others  told  them  that  they  knew  it  by  Mr.  Willet's  coun- 
tenance, and  that  he  had  difcovered  it  by  a  book  that 
he  was  reading,  whereupon  they  gave  over  their  de- 
fign. 

The  people  had  long  defired  a  body  of  laws,  and 
thought  their  condition  very  unfafe  while  fo  much  pow- 
er refted  in  the  difcretion  of  magiftrates.  Divers  at- 
tempts had  been  made  at  former  courts,  and  the  matter 
referred  to  feme  of  the  magiftrates  and  lome  of  the  elders, 
but  dill  it  came  to  no  effect,  for  being  committed  to  the 
care  of  many,  whatfoever  was  done  by  fome,  was  Hill  dif- 
liked  or  neglefted  by  others.  At  lafl  it  was  referred  to 
Mr.  Cotton  and  Mr.  Nathaniel  "Warde  &c.  and  each  of 
them  framed  a  model  which  were  prefented  to  this  ge- 
neral court,  and  by  them  committed  to  the  Governor  and 
Deputy  and  fome  others  to  confider  of,  and  fo  prepare 
it  for  the  court  in  the  3d  month  next.  Two  great  rca- 
fons  there  were  which  caufed  rhoft  of  the  magiftrates  and 
fome  of  the  elders  not  to  be  very  forward  in  this  matter. 
O.ne  was  want  of  fufficient  experience  of  the  nature  and 
difpofition  of  the  people  considered  with  the  condition 
of  the  country  and  other  circumftances,  which  made 
them  conceive  that  fuch  laws  would  be  fitteft  for  us 
which  fhould  arifc  pro  rei  natura  upon  occafions  &c.  and 
fo  the  laws  of  England  and  other  dates  grew,  and  there- 
fore the  fundamental  laws  of  England  are  called  cuftos 
coiifudufdinis.  2.  For  that  it  would  profeffedly  tranfgrefs 
the  limits  of  our  charter,  which  provide  we  fhall  make 
no  laws  repugnant  to  the  laws  of  England,  and  that  we 
were  allured  we  muftdo.  But  to  raiie  up  laws  by  prac- 
tice and  cuftom  had  been  no  tranfgreflion,  as  in  our 
church  difcipline,  and  in  matters  of  marriage,  to  make  a 
law  that  marriages  fhould  not  be  folemnized  by  minifters 
is  repugnant  to  the  laws  of  England,  but  to  bring  it  to 


JOURNAL.  195 

acuftom  by  practice  for  the  magiftrates  to  perform  it,  is       1639. 
no  law  made  repugnant  &c.     At  length,  to  fatisfy  the  v— ^-N— — ' 
people,  it  proceeded,  and  the  two  models  were   digefted 
with   divers  alterations  and   additions,  and  abbreviatad 
and  font  to  every  town    to  be  confidercd  of firftby  the 
magiftrates  and  elders,  and  then   to  be   publifhed  by  the 
ronftables  to  all  the  people,  that  if  any  man  fhould  think 
fit  that  any  thing  therein  ought  to  be   altered,  he  might 
acquaint  forne  of  the  deputies  therewith  againft  the  next 
court. 

By  this  time  there  appeared  a  great  change,  in  the  church 
of  Boflon  ;  for  whereas  the  year  before  they  were  all, 
fave  five  or  fix,  fo  affecled  to  Mr.  Wheelwright  and  Mrs. 
Hutchtnfon  and  thefe  new  opinions,  as  they  perceived 
the  prefent  Governor  and  the  paftor  looking  at  them  as 
men  under  a  covenant  of  works,  and  as  their  greatefl 
enemies,  but  they  bearing  all  patiently,  and  not  with- 
drawing themfclves  (as  they  were  ftrongly  follicited  to 
have  done)  but  carrying  themfelves  lovingly  and  helpful- 
ly upon  all  occafions,  the  Lord  brought  about  the  hearts 
of  ail  the  people  to  love  and  efteem  them  more  than  ever 
before^  and  all  breeches  were  made  up.  and  the  church 
was  laved  from  ruin  beyond  all  expectation  :  which 
could  hardly  have  been,  in  human  rcafon,  if  thefe  two 
had  not  been  guided  by  the  Lord  to  that  moderation  &c. 
and  the  church  to  manifefl  their  hearty  affection  to  the 
Governor  upon  occafion  of  fome  ftreight  he  was  brought 
into  thro*  his  bailiffs  unfaithfulnefs,  fent  him^2oo. 

There  was  a  church  gathered  at  the  Mount,  and  Mr. 
Tomfon,  a  very  holy  man,  who  had  been  an  inftrument 
of  much  good  at  Acomenticus,  was  ordained  the  paftor 
the  igth  of  the  pth  month. 

At  the  general  court  an  order  was  made  to  abolifh  that  Mo.  10. 
vain  cuftom  of  drinking  one  to  another,  and  that  upon 
thefe  and  other  grounds,  i.  It  was  a  thing  of  no  good 
ufe.  2.  It  was  an  inducement  to  drunkenefs  and  occa- 
fion of  Quarrelling  and  bloodfned.  3.  It  occafioned 
much  wafte  of  wine  and  beer.  4.  It  was  very  troublc- 
fome  to  many,  efpecially  the  matters  and  miflreires  of  the 
feafl,  who  were  forced  thereby  to  drink  more  often  than 
they  would.  Yet  divers,  even  godly  perfons,  were  very 
loth  to  part  with  this  idle  ceremony,  tho*  when  difputa- 
tion  was  tendred,  they  had  no  life,  nor  indeed  could  find 
any  arguments  to  mantain  it,  fuch  power  hath  cuf- 
tom &c. 

Mr. 


S  GOVERNOR     WINTH-ROP'* 

^639.          Mr.  Ez  :  Rogers,  of  whofe  gathering  a  church  in  Eng- 
,  mention  was  made  before,  being  now  fettled  with 
his  company  at  Roxbury,  was  there  ordained  paftor. 

There  were  fo  many  lectures  now  in  the  country,  and 
many  poor  perfons  would  ufually  retort  to  two  or  three 
in  the-week,  to  the  great  negleft  of  their  affairs,  and  da- 
mage of  the  public.  The  ixflemblies  were  a  lib  in  divers 
churches  held  'till  night,  and  fometimes  within  the  night, 
fo  as.  fuch  as  dwelt  far  off  could  not  get  home  in  due  fea~ 
fon,  and  many  weak  bodies  could  not  endure  fo  long  in 
the  extremity  of  the  heat  or  cold,  without  great  trouble 
and  hazard  of  their  health.  Whereupon  the  general 
qourt  ordered,  that  the  elders  fhould  be  defired  to  give  a 
meeting  to  the  rnagiftratesand  deputies  to  confider' about 
the  length  and  frequency  of  church  aflemblies,  and  to 
make  return  to  the  court  of  their  determinations  &c. 
This  was  taken  in  ill  part  by  moft  of  the  elders  and  other 
of  the  churches,  fo  as  that  thofe  who  fhould  have  met  at 
Salem,  did  not  meet,  and  thofe  in  the  bay,  when  they 
met  with  the  magiftrates  &c.  at  Bofton,  exprefled  much 
diftike  of  fuch  a  courfe,  alledging  their  tendernefs  of  the 
church's  liberties,  as  if  fuch  a  precedent  might  enthrall 
them  to  the  civil  power,  and  as  if  it  would  caft  a  blemifli 
upon  the  elders,  which  would  remain  to  pofterity,  that 
they  fhould  need  to  be  regulated  by  the  civil  magiftrates, 
and  alfo  raife  an  ill  favor  of  the  people's  coldnefs  that 
would  complain  of  much  preaching  &c. — when  as  liber- 
ty for  the  ordinances  was  the  main  end  (propofed)  of  our 
coming  hither.  To  which  it  was  anfwered.  i.  That 
the  order  was  framed  with  as  much  tendernefs  and  ref- 
pecl:  as  might  be,  in  general  words,  without  mentioning 
fermons  or  Ie6lures,  io  as  it  might  as  well  be  taken  for 
meetings  upon  other  occafions  of  the  churches,  which 
were  known  to  be  very  frequent.  2.  It  carried  no  com- 
mand, but  only  an  expreffion  of  a  defire.  3.  I  conclud- 
ed nothing  but  only  to  confer  and  confider.  4.  The  re- 
cord of  fuch  an  ordrr  will  rather  be  an  argument  of  the 
zeal  and  forwardneis  of  the  elders  and  churches  as  it  was 
of  the  Ifraelites  when  they  offered  fo  liberally  to  the 
fervice  of  the  tabernacle  as  Mofes  was  forced  to  reftrain 
them.  Upon  this  interpretation  of  the  court's  intent, 
the  elders  were  reafonably  fatisfied,  and  the  magiftrates 
^nding  how  hardly  fuch  propofitions  would  be  digefted, 
ind  that  if  matters  Ihould  be  further  pufhed  it  might 
make  fome  breach  or  diflurbance  at  leail,  for  the  elders 

had 


JOURNAL,  197 

nad  great  power  in  the  people's  hearts,  which  was  need- 
ful to  be  upheld,  left  the  people  fhould  break,  their  bonds 
thro'  abufe  of  liberty,  which  divers  having  forfeited  were 
very  forward  to  invite  others  to  raife  mutinies  and  fo- 
ment dangerous  and  groundlefs  jealoufies  of  the  magif- 
trates  &c.  which  the  wifdom  and  care  of  the  elders  did 
ftill  prevail  againft,  and  indeed  the  people  themfelves, 
generally,  thro'  the  churches,  were  or  thatunderftanding 
and  moderation,  as  they  would  eafily  be  guided  in  their 
way  by  any  rule  from  fcripture  or  found  reafon.  In  this 
confidcrationthemagiftrates  &  deputies  which  were  then 
me*t  thought  it  not  fit  to  enter  any  difpute  or  conference 
with  the  elders  about  the  number  of  le£lures  or  for  ap- 

Eointing  any  certain  time  for  the  continuance  of  the  af- 
:mblies,  but  refted  fatisfied  with  their  affirmative  anfwer 
to  thefe  two  propofitions.  i .  That  their  church  a  (Tern- 
blies  might  ordinarily  break  up  in  fuch  feafon  as  people 
that  dwelt  a  mile  or  two  off  might  get  home  by  day  light. 
2.  That  if  they  were  not  fatisfied  in  the  declaration  of 
our  intentions  in  this  order  of  court,  that  nothing  was  at- 
tempted herein  againft  the  church's  liberties  &c,  they 
would  truly  acquaint  us  with  the  reafons  of  their  unfatif- 
fiednefs,  or  if  we  heard  not  from  them  before  the  next 
court,  we  fhould  take  it  for  granted  that  they  were  fully 
fatisfied.  They  denred  that  the  order  might  be  taken  off 
the  record,  but  for  that  it  was  anfwered  that  it  might  not 
be  done  without  confent  of  the  general  court  only,  it 
was  agreed  unto  that  the  fecretary  might  defer  to  enter 
it  in  the  book  'till  the  mind  of  the  court  might  be 
known. 

One  Mr.  Hanferd  Knolles  a  minifter  in  England  who  Mo,i2.ao 
came  over  the  laft  fumrner  in  the  company  of  our  familift : 
opinionifts,  fo  being  fufpefted  and  examined,  and  found 
inclining  that  way,  was  denied  refidencc  in  the  Mafla- 
chufetts,  whereupon  he  went  to  Pifcataqua  where  he  be- 
gan to  preach,  but  Mr.  Burdett  being  then  their  Govern- 
or and  preacher,  inhibited  him,  but  he  being  after  remov- 
ed to  Acomenticus,  the  people  called  Mr.  Knolles,  and 
in  fhort  time  he  gathered  fome  of  the  beft  minded  into  a 
church  body,  and  became  their  paftor,  and  Capt  Under- 
bill being  their  Governor,  they  called  this  town  Dover. 
But  this  Mr.  Knolles  at  his  firft  coming  thither  wrote  a 
letter  to  his  friends  in  London,  wherein  he  bitterly  in- 
veighed againft  us,  both  againft  our  magiftrates  and 
churches,  and  againft  all  the  people  in  general,  as  by 


198  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1639.  the  copy  of  his  letter  fent  over  to  our  Governor  may  ap- 
'  pear.  The  Governor  gave  him  notice  thereof,  and  be- 
ing brought  to  a  better  judgment  by  further  confideration 
and  more  experience,  he  faw  the  wrong  he  had  done  us, 
and  was  deeply  humbled  for  it,  and  wrote  to  the  Gov- 
ernor to  that  effect,  and  defired  a  fafe  conduft  that  he 
might  come  into  the  Bay  to  give  fatisfaclion  &c.  for  he 
could  have  no  reft  in  his  fpirit  'till  &c.  which  being  fent 
him  under  the  Governor  his  hand,  with  confent  of  the 
council,  and  upon  a  lefture  day  at  Bofton  moft  of  the 
magiftrates  and  elders  in  the  bay  being  there  affembled, 
he  made  a  very  free  and  full  confeflion  of  his  offence  with 
much  aggravation  again  ft  himfelf,as  the  aflfembly  were  well 
fatisfied.  He  wrote  alfoa  letter  to  the  fame  effeft  to  his  faid 
friends  in  England,  which  he  left  with  the  Governor  to 
be  fent  to  them. 

Capt.  Underhill  alfo  being  ftruck  with  horror  and  re- 
morfe  for  his  offences,  both  againft  the  church  and  civil 
ftate,  could  have  no  reft  'till  he  had  obtained  a  fafe  con- 
duel  to  come  and  give  fatisfaftion  ;  and  accordingly  at  a 
lefture  at  Bofton  (it  being  then  the  court  time)  he  made 
a  public  confeflion  both  of  his  living  in  adultery  with 
Ffabers  wife  (upon   fufpicion  whereof  the  church  had 
before  admonifhed  him)  and  attempting  the  like  with  an- 
other woman,  and  alfo  the  injury  he  had  done  to   our 
ftate  &c.  and  acknowledged  the  juftice  of  the  court  in 
their  proceeding  againft  him.     Yet   all   his  confeflions 
were  mixed  with   fuch  excufes  and  extenuations,  as  did 
not  give  fatisfaftion  of  the  truth  of  his  repentence,.fo  as  it 
feemed  to  be  done  rather  out  of  policy  and  to  pacify  the 
fling  of  his  confcience,  than   in  fincerity  r  but  however 
his  offences  being  fo  foul  and  fcandalous,  the  church  pre- 
iently  caft  him  out,  which  cenfure  he    feemed  to  fubmit 
unto:  and  for  the  time   he  ftaid  in    Bofton  (being  four 
or  five   days)  he  was  very  much  deje&ed  &c.  but  being 
gone  back  he  foon  recovered  hisfpirits  again,  or  at  leaft, 
gave  not  that  proof  of  a  broken  heart  .as  he  gave  hope  of 
at  Bofton.     For,  to  ingratiate   himfelf  with   the    ftate  of 
England  and  with  fome  gentlemen  at   the  river's  mouth 
who  were  very  zealous  that  way,  and  had  lately  fet  up 
common  prayer  &c.  he  fent  13  men  armed   to  Exeter  to  ' 
fetch  one  Gab.   Fifti  who  was  detained  in  the   officers 
hands  for  fpeaking  againft  the   King  (the  magiftrates  of 
Exeter  being  then  in  the  bay  to  take  advice  what  to  do 
with  him:)  andbefides,  when  the  church  and  people  of 
Dover  defired  him  to  forbear  to  come  to  the  next  court 


JOURNAL.  $99 

'till  they  had  confidered  of  his  cafe,  and  he  had  promifed 
fo  to  do,  yet  hearing  that  they  were  confulting  to  remove 
him  from  his  government,  he  could  not  refrain,  but  came 
and  took  his  place  in  the  court,  and  tho'  he  had  offered 
to  lay  down  his  place,  yet  when  he  faw  they  went  about 
it,  he  grew  paflionate,  and  expoflulated  with  them,  and 
would  not  (lay  to  receive  his  difmiflion,  nor  would  be 
feen  to  accept  it  when  it  was  fent  after  him.  Yet  they 
proceeded  and  chofe  one  Roberts  to  be  preiident  of  the 
court,  and  loon  after  they  returned  back  Fifti  to  Exeter, 
which  was  coniiderately  clone,  for  it  had  been  a  danger- 
Otis  precedent  again  ft  them,  being  a  weak  plantation,  if 
the  commiffioners  from  the  lords  of  the  council,  who 
were  daily  expected,  fhould  have  taken  occafion  to  have 
done  the  like  by  ihem,  tho'  they  held  thcmfelves  to  be 
out  of  that  province  which  was  granted  to  Sir  Ferdinand 
Gorges.  Befides  this,  in  the  open  court  he  committed 
one  of  his  fellow  magiftrates  for  riling  up  and  faying  he 
would  not  fet  with  an  adulterer  &c.  But  the  chief  mat- 
ter fc^r  which  they  proceeded  againft  him  was,  that 
whereas  he  himfeif  was  the  chief  mover  of  them  to  break 
off  their  agreement  with  us,  he  had  written  to  our  Gov- 
ernor and  laid  it  upon  the  people,  efpecially  upon  fome 
among  them  :  and  for  this  they  produced  againft  him  a 
letter  from  our  Governor  written  to  one  of  their  com- 
miffioners  in  anfwer  to  a  letter  of  his,  wherein  he  had 
difcovered  the  captain's  proceeding  in  that  matter.  Soon 
after  this  the  captain  came  by  water  into  the  bay  to  ten- 
der (as  he  faid)  fatisfadion  to  the  church.  This  was  ta- 
ken by  fome  of  the  magiftrates  as  a  very  prefumptuos 
aft,  and  they  would  have  had  him  imprifoned,  fuppofmg 
that  his  fafe  conduct  would  not  bear  him  out  having  been 
once  here  and  returned  back  again,  but  that  council  was 
not  approved  becaufe  the  time  of  his  fafe  conduct  was  not 
expired,  and  it  was  thought  very  dangerous  to  our  re- 
putation to  give  the  leaft  occafion  of  reproach  in  this 
kind,  feeing  it  might  be  objected  againft  us  to  our  great 
prejudice,  when  we  mould  not  have  opportunity  to  clear 
our  innocency,  but  the  church  not  being  fatisfied  of  his 
repentance,  would  not  admit  him  to  public  fpeech,  fo  af- 
ter one  week  he  returned  home. 

In  this  winter,  in  a  clofe  calm  day,  there  fell  divers 
flakes  of  fnow  of  this  form  *  very  thin,  and  as  exactly 
pointed  as  art  could  have  cut  them  in  paper.  (i)  24, 

The  church  of  Bofton  fent  three  brethren,  viz.  Capt. 

Ed- 


2oo  GOVERNOR    WINTRHOP's 

1640.  Edward  Gibbons,  Mr.  Hibbins  and  Mr.  Oliver  the 
younger  with  letters  to  Mr.  Coddington  and  the  reft  of 
our  members  at  Aquiday,  to  underftand  their  judgments 
in  divers  points  of  religion  formerly  maintained  by  all, 
or  divers  qf  them,  and  to  require  them  to  give  account  to 
the  church,  of  their  unwarrantable  practice  of  cemmu- 
nicating  with  excommunieated  perfons.  \Vhen  they 
came  they  found  that  thofe  of  them  who  dwelt  at  New- 
port  had  joined  themfelves  to  a  church  there  newly con- 
ftituted,  and  thereupon  they  refufed  to  hear  them  as  mef- 
fengers  of  our  church,  or  to  receive  the  church's  lettersi 
Whereupon  at  their  return,  the  elders  and  moft  of  the 
church  would  have  caft  them  out  as  refufing  to  hear  the 
church,  but  all  being  not  agreed,  it  was  deferred. 

18  Mr.  Norris  was  Ordained  teacher  of  the  church  of  Sa- 
lem, there  being  prcfent  near  all  the  elders  of  the  other 
churches,  and  much  people  bcfide. 

£i         The  white  angel  a  fmall  fhip  of  Briftol  went  from  hence 
and  arrived  there  in  24  days,  and  the  fame  year,  the  De- 
fire,  a  (hip  built  at  Marblehead,  of  100  tons  went  from 
hence  in  the  iummer  and  arrived  at  Gravefend  in  the 
•     Thames  in  23  days. 

Our  neighbours  of  Plimouth  had  procured  from  hence^ 
this  year,  one  Mr.  Chancy e,  a  great  fcholar,  and  a  godly 
man,  intending  to  call  him  to  tne  office  of  a  teacher,  but 
before  the  fit  time  came,  he  difcovered  his  judgment 
about  baptifm.  that  the  children  ought  to  be  dipped  and 
not  fprinkled,  arid  he  being  an  aftive  man,  and  very  ve- 
hement, there  arofe  much  trouble  about  it.  The  magif- 
trates  and  the  other  elders  ther«,  and  the  moft  of  the 
people,  withftood  the  receiving  of  that  practice,  not  for 
itfelf  fo  much,  as  for  fear  of  worfe  confequences,  as  the 
annihilating  our  baptifm  &c.  "Whereupon  the  church 
there  wrote  to  all  the  other  churches  both  here  and  at 
Conne&icut  &c.  for  advice,  and  fent  Mr.  Chancye's  ar- 
guments. The  churches  took  them  into  confideratiori 
and  wrote  their  feveral  anfwcrs,  wherein  they  ihewed 
their  diffent  from  him,  and  clearly  confuted  all  his  ar- 
guments, difeovering  withal  iome  great  miftakes  of 
hi;;  about  the  judgment  and  praclice  of  antiquity.  Yet 
he  would  not  give  over  his  opinion,  and  the  church  of 
Plimouth,  tho*  they  could  not  agree  to  call  him  to  office, 
yet  being  much  taken  with  his  able  parts,  they  were  very 
loth  to  part  with  him.  He  dirt  maintain  alfo  that  the 
Lord's  fupper  ought  to  be  administered  in  the  evening 

ana 


JOURNAL.  sot 

and  every  Lord's  day  ;  and  the  church  at  Sandwich  1640. 
(where  one  Mr.  Loveridge  was  minifter)  fell  into  the 
pratlice  of  it,  but  that  being  a  matter  of  no  great  ill  confe* 
quence,  Cave  foine  outward  inconvenience,  there  .was  lit- 
tle ftir  about  it.  This  Mr.  Chancye  was  after  called  to 
office  in  the  church  of  Scituate. 

One  Palmer  of  Hingham  and  two  others,  being  ancient 
and  fkilful  feamen,  being  in  a  fhaliop  of  100  tons,  in  an 
eafterly  wind  by  Peddock  ifland,  were  overfet,  yet  one  of 
them  had  the  (beet  in  his  hand  and  let  fly,  but  it  was  too 
late,  having  but  Ijttle  ballafl  in  her,  yet^  it  pleafed  God, 
there  came  by,  foon  after,  a  pinnace  which  efpied  them 
fitting  upon  her  fhrouds,  yet  deep  in  the  water,  and  took, 
them  up,  but  the  fhaliop  was  not  heard  of  after. 

Many  men  began  to  enquire  after  the  fouthern  parts, 
and  the  great  advantages  iuppofed  to  be  had  in  Virginia 
and  the  W.Indies  &c.  made  this  country  to  be  difefteem- 
ed  of  many,  and  yet  thefe  countries,  for  all  their  great 
\vealth,  have  fent  hither,  both  this  year  and  formerly,  for 
fupply  of  cloaths  and  other  neceifaries,  and  fome  families 
have  forfaken  both  Providence  and  other  the  Caribbee 
iftands  and  Virginia  to  come  live  here  ;  and  tho'  our 
people  faw  what  meagre  unhealthful  countenances  they 
brought  hither,  and  how  fat  and  well  liking  they  became 
foon,  yet  they  were  fo  taken  with  the  cafe  and  plenty  of 
thofe  countries,  as  many  of  them  fold  their  eflates  here 
to  tranfport  themfelves  to  Providence.  Among  whom 
the  chief  was  Jo  :  Humfrye  Efq.  a  gentleman  of  fpecial 
parts  of  learning  and  aclivity,  and  a  godly  man,  who  had 
teen  one  of  the  firft  beginners  in  the  promoting  of  this 
plantation,  and  had  laboured  very  much  therein,  h«  be- 
ing brought  low  in  hiseftate,  and  having  many  children, 
and  being  well  known  to  the  lords  of  Providence,  and 
offering  himfelf  to  their  fervice  was  accepted  to  b«  the 
next  Governor.  Whereupon  he  laboured  much  to  draw 
men  to  join  with  him.  This  was  looked  upon  by  the 
general  court  and  alfo  by  the  elders,  as  an  unwarrantable 
courfe,  for  tho'  it  was  thought  very  needful  to  further 
plantations  of  churches  in  the  Weft-Indies,  and  all  were 
willing  to  endeavour  the  fame,  yet  to  do  it  with  difpa- 
ragement  of  this  country  (for  they  gave  out  that  they 
could  not  fubfift  here)  caufed  us  to  fear  that  the  Lord  was 
not  with  them  in  this  way,  and  withal  fome  confidera- 
tions  were  propounded  to  them  by  the  court,  which  di- 
•vtrted  fome  of  them,  and  made  others  to  paufe  upon  three 
C  c  points. 


£02  GOVERNOR    WINTHkOP's 

$040.  points.  Efpecially  i. — How  dangerous  it  was  to  bring 
W-v- ^J  up  an  ill  report  upon  this  good  iand  which  God  had 
3  found  out  and  given  to  his  people,  and  fo  to  difcourage 
the  hearts  of  their  brethren  ;  and  2.  To  leave  a  place  of 
reft  and  fafety  to  expofe  themlelvei.,  their  wives  and 
children  to  the  danger  of  a  po'.ent  enemy,  the  Spaniards. 
3.  Their  fubje£lion  to  fuch  Governors  as  ihoie  in  Eng- 
land {hall  let  over  them  &c.  Notwithstanding  theie  con- 
ft'jerations,  divers  of  them  perfiftcd  in  their  refolutions, 
and  went  about  to  get  fome  fhip  or  bark  to  tranfport 
them,  but  they  were  (till  croffed  by  the  hand  of  God. 
Mo. 3.  17  Jofeph  Grafton  fet  fail  from"  Salem  the  ad  day  in  the 
morning  in  a  Cavye  of  about  40  tons  (three  men  and  a 
boy  in  her)  and  arrived  at  Pcmaquid  (the  wind  eaftcrly) 
upon  the  third  day  in  the  morning,  and  there  took  in 
fome  20  cows,  oxen  &c.  with  hay  and  water  for  them, 
and  came  to  an  anchor  in  the  bay  the  6ih  day  about  3 
afternoon. 

It  came  over  by  divers  letters  and  reports  that  the  Lord 
Say  did  labour,  by  difparaging  this  country,  to  divert 
men  from  coming  to  us,  and  fo  to  draw  them  to  the  W. 
Indies  ;  and  finding  that  godly  men  were  unwilling  to 
come  under  other  governors  than  fuch  as  they  {hould 
make  choice  of  themlelves,  they  condefcended  to  articles 
fomcwhat  fuitable  to  our  form  of  government,  altho'  they 
Lad  formerly  declared  themfelves  much  againfl  it,  and 
for  a  more  ariftocratic  and  an  hereditary  magidracy  to  be 
fettled  upon  fome  great  perfons  &c. 

The  Governor  alfo  wrote  to  the  Lord  Say  about  the 
report  aforefaid,  and  therein  {hewed  his  lordftiip  how  evi- 
dent it  was  that  God  had  chofen  this  country  to  plant  his 
people  in,  and  therefore  how  difplealing  it  would  be  to 
the  Lord,  and  dangerous  to  himfelf  to  hinder  this  work, 
or  to  difcourage  men  from  fupplying  us,  by  abafing  the 
goodnefs  of  the  country  which  he  never  faw,  and  per- 
fuading  men  that  there  was  no  poflVbility  of  fubfi Hence— — 
\vhereas  there  was  a  fure  ground  for  his  children's  faith, 
that  being  fent  hithei  by  him,  either  he  faw  that  the  land 
was  a  good  land  and  fufficient  to  maintain  them,  or  elfe 
he  intended  to  make  it  fuch  &c.  To  this  letter  his  lord- 
fhip  returned  anlwer,  not  denying  that  which  was  re- 
ported of  him,  nor  the  evidence  of  the  Lord's  owning 
the  work,  but  alledging  that  this  was  a  place  appointed 
only  for  a  prefent  refuge,  and  that  a  better  place  being 
now  found,  we  were  *11  called  to  remove  thither. 

Th" 


Utrt-  W 

JOURNAL.  203 

The  court  of  election*  was  at  Bofton,  and  Thomas  1640. 
Dudley  Efq.  was  chofen  Governor.  Some  trouble  there 
had  been  in  making  way  /or  his  election,  and  it  was  ob- 
tained with  fome  difficulty,  for  many  of  the  elders  labour- 
ed much  in  it,  fearing  left  the  long  continuance  of  one 
man  in  the  place  fhould  bring  it  to  be  for  life,  and  in 
time,  hereditary.  Befide  this  gentleman  was  a  man  of 
approved  wifdom  and  godlinefs,  and  of  much  good  fer- 
vice  to  the  country,  and  therefore  it  was  his  due  to  ferve 
in  fuch  honor  and  benefit  as  the  country  had  to  beRow, 
The  elders  being  met  at  Bofton  about  this  matter,  lent 
fome  of  their  company  to  acquaint  the  old  Governor  with 
their  defireVi'-d  the  reafon-s  moving  them,  clearing  them- 
felves  of  all  diflike  of  his  government,  and  feriouily  pro- 
fefling  their  finceie  affefiions  and  refpect  towards  him, 
which  he  kindly  and  thankfully  accepted,  concurring 
with  them  in  their  motion,  and  exprefTing  his  unfeigned 
tie  fire  of  more  freedom,,  that  he  might  a  little  intend  his 
private  occaiions,  \A  herein  llv.y  well  knew  how  much  he 
had  latclv  fuifcred  (for  his  bailiff  whom  he  trufted  with 
managing  his  farm  had  engaged  him  £^.2500  without  his 
privity)  in  his  outward  eflate.  This  they  had  heard  of, 
and  were  much  aiftfted  therewith,  and  all  the  country 
in  general,  and  took  courfe  (the  elders  agreeing  upon  it 
at  that  meeting)  that  fupply  Ihould  be  fent  in  from  th« 
feveral  towns,  by  a  voluntary  contribution,  for  freeing 
of  thofe  engagements,  and  the  court  having  no  money  to 
beftow,  and  being  yet  much  indebted,  gave  his  wife 
3-,ooo  acres  of  land,  and  fome  of  the  towns  fent  in  libe- 
rally, and  fome  others  proniifed,  but  could  perform  but 
little,  and  the  inoft  nothing  at  all.  The  whole  came  to 
£*5QO  whereof  near  half  came  from  Bofton.  and  one 
gentleman  of  Newbuiy  Mr.  Richard  Dummer  propound- 
ed for  a  fupplv  by  a  more  private  way,  and  fur  example, 
himfelf  difburfed  £ 100. 

This  firft  court  there  fell  fome  difference  between  the 
Governor  and  fome  of  the  deputies  about  a  vote  upon  a 
motion  to  have  the  fine  of  £.200  impofed  upon  Mr.  Ro- 
bert Kaine  to  be  abated.  Some  would  have  had  it  at 
£•100 — others  at  100  mills,  others  at  50.  arid  becaufe  the 
Governor  put  the  lowed  to  the  vote  firft,  whereas  divers 
called  for  the  higheft,  they  charged  the  Governor  with 
breach  of  order,  whereupon  he  grew  into  fome  heat, 
profefling  that  he  would  not  fuffer  fuch  things  &c.  The 
deputies  took  this  as  a  menacing,  and  much  otience  they 

took 


304  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P'» 

took  at  it,  but  the  next  day  he  cleared  his  intention  to 
them,  and  all  was  quiet.  * 

Divers  of  the  inhabitants  of  Jj'nne  finding  themfelves 
ftraitened,  looked  out  for"  a  new  plantation,  and  going  to 
Long  luand,  they  agreed  with  the  Lord  Sterling's  agent 
there,  one  Mr.  Forett,  for  a  parcel  of  the  ilia  near  the 
Weft  end,  and  agreed  with  the  indians  for  their  right. 
The  dutch  hearing  of  this,  and  making  claim  to  that  part 
of  the  ifland  by  a  former  purchafe  of  the  indians,  fent 
men  to  take  pofieffion  of  the  place,  and  fet  up  the  arms 
of  the  Prince  of  Orange,  upon  a  tree.  The  Linne  men 
fent  ten  or  twele  men  with  provifions  &c.  who  began  to 
build,  and  took  down  the  Prince's  arms,  and  in  place 
thereof  an  indian  had  drawn  an  unhandfome  face.  The 
Dutch  took  this  in  high  difpleafure,  and  fent  foldiers  and 
fetched  away  their  men  and  imprifoned  them  a  few  days, 
and  then  took  an  oath  of  them  and  fo  difcharged  them. 
Upon  this  the  Linne  men  finding  themfelves  too  weak 
and  having  no  encouragement  to  expect  aid  from  the 
Englifh,  defifted  that  place,  and  took  another  at  the  Eaft 
end  of  fche  fame  iiland,  and  being  now  about  40  families, 
they  proceeded  in  their  plantation,  and  called  one  Mr. 
Pierfon  a  godly  learned  man,  and  a  member  of  the  church 
of  Bofton  to  go  with  them,  who  with  fome  7  or  8  more 
of  the  company  gathered  into  a  church  at  Linne,  before 
they  went,  and  the  whole  company  entered  into  a  civil 
combination,  with  the  advice  of  fome  of  our  magiftrates, 
to  become  a  corporation.  Upon  this  occafion  the  Dutch 
Governor,  one  William  Kiffe,  a  difcreet  man,  wrote  to 
our  Governor,  and  complaining  of  the  Englifh  ufurpation 
both  at  Connecticut,  and  now  alfo  at  Long  Ifland,  and  of 
the  abufe  offered  to  the  Prince's  arms  &c.  and  thereupon 
excufed  his  imprifoning  our  men.  To  which  the  Gov- 
vernor  returned  anfwer,  that  our  deiire  had  always  been 
to  hold  a  peace  and  good  correfpondency  with  all  our 
neighbours,  and  though  we  would  not  maintain  any  of 
our  countrymen  in  any  unjuft  a£lion.  yet  we  might  not 
fuffer  them  to  be  injured  &c.  As  for  our  neighbours 
of  Connecticut  &c.  he  knew  they  were  not  under  our 
government,  and  for  thofe  at  Long  liland,  they  went  vo- 
luntarily from  us. 

This  year  there  came  over  great  (lore  of  provifions  both 
out  of  England  and  Ireland,  and  but  few  paflfengers,  and 
thofe  brought  very  little  money,  which  was  occafioned 
fcy  the  ftore  of  money  and  quick  markets  which  the  mer- 
chants 


JOURNAL.  205 

chants  found  here  the    two  or   three  years  before,  fo  as       1640. 
now  all  our  money  was  drained  from  us,   and  cattle  and  v'      v   '    J 
all  commodities  grew  very  cheap,  which  inforced  us  at 
the  next  general  court  in  the  8th  month,  to  make  an  or- 
der, That  corn   fhould   pafs  in  payments   of  new  debts, 
Indian  at  ^f  the  bus.  rye  at  5/and  wheat  at  6/^— and  that 
upon  all  executions  for  former  debts,  the  creditor  might 
take  what  he  pleafed,   or  if  he  had    no  goods,  then  his 
lands,  to  be  appraifed  by  three  men,  one  chofen  by  the    , 
creditor,  one  by  the  debtor,   and   the  third  by  the  mar- 
fhall. 

One  of  the  (hips  which  came  this  fummer  ftruck  upon 
a  whale  with  a  full  gale,  which  put  the  fhip  a  ftays,  the 
whale  ftruck  the  fliip  on  her  bow  with  her  tail  a  little 
above  water,  and  brake  the  planks  and  fix  timbers  and  a 
beam,  and  (laved  two  hogfheads  of  vinegar. 

There  was  fome  rumour  of  the  indians  plotting  mif-  Mo.  7* 
chief  againfl  the  engHfh,  and  to  ftrengthen  this,  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Plimouth  Mr.  Brodford,  wrote  a  letter  to  thi* 
effeft,  that  he  was  informed,  and  did  believe  it,  that  the 
Naraganfett  fachem  Miantunomoh  had  fent  a  great  pre- 
fent  of  wampom  to  the  Mohawks  to  aid  him  againft  the 
englilh,  and  that  it  was  accepted  and  aid  promtfed.  The 
like  news  was  brought  by  Mr.  Haynes  one  of  the  magif- 
trates  upon  Connecticut,  and  many  wordt  were  taken 
up  from  fome  indians  among  us  which  our  fears  inter- 
preted the  fame  way.  The  Governor  and  council  gave 
no  great  credit  to  thefe  fufpicions,  yet  they  thought  fit  to 
take  order,  ftrengthning  the  watches  in  all  towns,  and 
caufed  them  to  be  ordered  by  the  military  officers  (being  be- 
fore committed  to  the  conftables  charge)  and  withal  fent 
Capt.  Jsnyfon  with  three  men  and  an  indian  interpreter 
to  .the  Naraganfett  fachem  to  know  the  truth  of  their  in- 
tentions &c.  They  were  very  kindly  entertained,  but 
they  would  not  fpeak  with  him  in  the  prefence  of  his  in- 
dian interpreter.  They  denied  all  confederations  with 
the  Mohawks,  and  profeffed  their  purpofe  to  continue 
friendfhip  with  us,  and  not.  to  ufe  any  hoftility  towards 
the  englifh  except  they  began  &c.  and  promifed  to  come 
to  Bofton  (as  he  was  defired)  if  Mr.  Williams  might  come 
with  him, .  but  that  we  had  denied.  Only  Janemoh  the 
Niantick  fachem,  carried  himfelf  proudly  and  refufed  to 
come  to  us,  or  to  yield  to  any  thing,  only  he  faid  he  would 
not  harm  us  except  we  invaded  him. 

The  Governor  and  council  took  from  Cutfhankin  the 

pow- 


206  GOVERNOR    WINTRHOP's 

1640.      powder  and  {hot  they  had  bought   of  our  people,  with 

v v — <-*  promife  to  pay  for  it  or  reflore  it.  &c. 

Mr.  Collins  This  fummer  there  came  divers  godly  men  (as  they  pre* 
Cixriftophcn  tenc^e(^  froni  papers)  with  their  families.  The  oceafion 
was.  one  Mr.  Collins  a  young  fcholar  full  of  zeal  &c. 
preaching  in  the  ifland,  it  pleafed  God,  divers  were 
wrought  upon  by  h^rh,  but  he  and  they  being  prefented, 
and  rhrir  liberty  reftrained,  they  came  away  and  brought 
all  their  fubftancc  in  tobacco,  which  came  at  fo  dead  a 
market  t:s  they  could  not  get  above  two  pence  the  pound 
(the  freight  ca.Yie  to  one  penny  the  pound)  nor  could  fell 
half  at  that  race.  They  arrived  firil  at  Q:  ilipiack,  fmce 
calVd  New  llav«n,  and  fo  difperfed  themlelves  here  and 
there,  ,;^  fome  .returned  to  Ireland.  Mr.  Collins  and 
one  Mr.  Ha»v-j>  a  young  man  very  well  conceited  of  him- 
felf  ai.d  cfv.fonous  of  others,  went  to  Aquiday,  and  fo 
foon  as  Hales  became  acquainted  with  Mrs.  Hutchinfon 
he  was  taken  by  her  and  became  ber  difciple.  Mr.  Col* 
lins  was  entertained  at  Hartford  to  teach  a  fchool,  and 
hearing  of  Mrs.  Hutchirfors  opinions  &c.  wrote  to  Mr. 
Hales  tobeware  of  her.  Mr. Hales  returned  him  anfwer,and 
the  next  morning  he  went  away  without  taking  leave, 
and  being  come  to  Mrs  Hutchinfon,  he  was  alfo  taken 
with  her  herefies,  and  in  great  admiration  of  her,  fo  as 
thefe  and  other  the  like  before  when  fhe  dwelt  at  BoOon 
gave  caufe  offufptcion  of  witchcraft,  for  it  was  cerf-ainly 
known  that.  Hawkin's  wife  who  continued  with  her,  and 
was  her  bofom  friend,  had  much  familiarity  with  the  De- 
vil, in  England,  when  fhe  dwelt  at  St.  Ives,  where  divers 
minifters  and  others  reforted  to  her  and  found  it  tiue. 

This  fummer  here  arrived  one  Mr.  Thomas  Gorge  a 
young  gentleman  of  the  inns  of  court,  a  kinfmao  to  Sir 
Ferdinand  Gorge,  and  fent  by  him  with  commiffion  for 
the  government  of  his  province  of  Somerfetfhire.  He 
was  fober  and  well  difpofed  ;  he  ftaid  a  few  days  at  Bof- 
ton  and  was  very  careful  to  take  advice  of  our  magiftrates 
how  to  manage  his  affairs  £c.  When  he  came  to  Aco- 
menticus  he  found  all  out  of  order,  for  Mr.  Burdett  ruled 
all.  and  had  let  loofe  the  reins  of  liberty  to  his  lufts— - 
that  he  grew  very  notorious  for  his  pride  and  adultery  5 
and  the  neighbours  now  finding  Mr.  Gorge  well  inclined 
to  reform  things,  they  complained  of  him,  and  produced 
fuch  foul  matters  againft  him  as  he  was  laid  hold  on,  and 
bound  to  appear  at  their  court  at  Sacoe  :  but  he  dealt  fo 
with  fome  other  of  the  commifiioncrs  that  when  the 

court 


JOURNAL.  207 

court  came,  Mr.  Vines  and  two  more  ftood  for  him,  but  1640. 
Mr.  Gorge  having  the  greater  part  on  his  fide,  and  the 
jury  finding  him  guilty  of  adukery  and  other  crimes,  with 
much  labour  and  difficulty  he  ,was  fined  (under  £"30.) 
He  appealed  unto  England,  but  Mr.  Gorge  would  not 
admit  his  appeal,  but  feized  fome  of  his  cattle  &c.  Upon 
this  Mr.  Burdett  went  into  England,  but  when  he  came 
there  he  found  the  ftate  fo  changed  as  his  hopes  were 
fruftrated,  and  he,  after  taking  part  wilh  the  cavaliers, 
was  committed  to  prifon. 

One  Baker,  mailer's   mate  of  the  fhip  being  in 

drink,  ufed  fome  reproachful  words  of  the  Queen,  'ihe 
Governor  and  Council  were  much  in  doubt  what  to  do 
with  him,  but  having  considered  that  he  was  di  {tempered 
and  forry  for  it.  and  b^ ing  a  ftranger  arv.1  a  ..Hef  officer 
in  the  fhip,  and  many  fhips  were  then  in  harbour  they 
thought  it  not  fit  to  infli£fc  corporeal  rur>ifhment  upon 
him,  but  after  he  had  been  two  or  tiiieu  days  in  prifon, 
he  was  let  an  hour  at  the  whipping  pcft  with  A  paper  en 
his  head  and  fo  difmiffed. 

Being  the  fecond  day  of  the  week,  the  Mary  Rofe  a  Mo. 5. 
{hip  of  Briftol,  of  about  200  tons,  her  mafter  one  Capt. 
lying  before  Charleftown,  was  blown  in  pieces  with  her 
own  powder,  being  21  barrels,  wherein  the  judgment  of 
God  appeared,  for  the  mafter  and  company  were  many  " 
of  them  profane  fcoffers  at  us,  and  at  the  ordinances  of 
religion  here  ;  fo  as  our  churches  keeping  a  fait  fcr  our 
native  country  &c.  they  kept  aboard  at  their  common 
fervice  when  all  the  reft  of  the  maftcrs  came  to  our  aifem- 
blies  ;  likewife  the  Lord's  day  following,  and^  a  friend  of 
his  going  aboard  next  day  and  afking  him  why' he  came 
not  on  fhore  to  our  meetings,  his  anfwer  was,  that  he  had 
a  family  of  his  own,  and  they  had  as  good  fervice  aboard 
as  we  had  on  fhore.  Within  two  hours  after  this  (being 
abont  dinner  time)  the  powder  took  fire  (no  man  knows 
how)  and  blew  all  up,  viz.  the  Captain  and  nine  or  ten 
of  his  men  a"nd  fome  four  or  five  ftrangers.  There  was 
a  fpecial  providence  that  there  were  no  more,  for  many 
principal  men  were  going  aboard  at  that  time,  and  fume 
were  in  a  boat  near  the  {hip,  and  others  were  diverted  by 
a  fudden  ftorm  of  rain,  and  others  by  other  occafions. 
There  was  one  man  faved,  being  carried  up  in  the  Icut- 
tle,  and  fo  let  fall  in  the  fame  into  the  water,  and  being 
taken  up  by  the  ferry  boat  near  dead,  he  came  to  himWf 
the  next  morning,  but  could  not  tell  any  thing  of  the 

blow- 


ao8  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP's 

1640.  blovving  of  the  fhip,  or  how  he  came  there.  The  reft  of 
the  dead  bodies  were  after  found  much  bnaifed  and  bro- 
ken. Some  goods  were  faved,but  the  whole  lois  was  efti- 
mated  at  £"2,000.  A  aq^piece  was  found  flicking  in  a  chip, 
for  there  was  above  £".300  in  money  in  her,and  15  tons  of 
lead,  and  10  pieces  o(  ordnance,  which  a  year  after  were 
taken  up,  and  the  hull  of  the  fhip.drawn  a  {hore. 

This  judgment  of  God  upon  thefe  fcorners  of  his  or- 
dinance and  the  ways  of  his  fervants  (for  they  fpake  verj 
evil  of  us  becaufe  they  found  not  fogood  a  market  for  their 
commodities  as  they  expefted)  gives  occafion  to  mention 
cither  examples  of  like  kind  which  fell  out  at  this  and 
other  times,  by  which  it  will  appear  how  the  Lord  hath 
owned  this  work,  and  pieferved  and  profpered  his  people 
here  beyond  ordinary  ways  of  providence. 

One  Capt.  Mafon  of  London  a  man  in  favour  at  court, 
and  a  profefied  enemy  to  us,  had  a  plantation  at  Pifcat  : 
\vhich  he  was  at  great  charge  about,  and  fet  up  a  fawmill, 
but  nothing  profpered.  He  provided  a  fliip  which  fhould 
have  been  employed  to  have  brought  the  general  govern- 
or, or  in  fome  other  defign  to  our  pi  ejudice,but  in  launch- 
ing of  it  her  back  was  broken.  He  alfo  employed  Gar- 
diner, Morton  and  others  to  profecute  againfl  us  at  coun- 
cil table,  and  by  a  quo  taarranto,  &c.  fo  as  Morton  wrote 
divers  letters  to  his  friends  here,  infulting  againft  us,  and 
alluring  them  of  our  ipeedy  ruin  &c.  But  the  Lord  ftill 
disapproved  them  and  fruflrated  all  their  defigns.  A* 
for  this  Morton  he  fell  fick  and  died  foon  after,  and  in 
his  fickncfs  he  fent  for  the  minifter  and  bewailed  his  en- 
mity againft  us,  and  promifed,  if  he  recovered,  to  be  as 
great  a  friend  to  New  England  as  he  had  formerly  been 
an  enemy.  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorge  alfo  had  fided  with  our 
adverfaries  againft  us,  but  underhand  pretending  by  his 
letters  and  ipeeches  to  feek  our  welfare  :  but  he  never 
profpered.  He  attempted  great  matters  and  was  at  large 
expences  about  his  province  here,  but  he  loft  all. 

One  Auftin,  a  man  of  good  eftate,  came  with  his  fami- 
ly in  the  year  1638  to  Quinipiack,  and  not  finding  the 
country  as  he  expected,  he  grew  difcontented,  faying  that 
he  could  not  fubfifthere,  and  thereupon  made  off  his  ef- 
tatr,  and  with  his  family  andjT. 1,000  in  his  purfe,  he  re- 
turned for  England  in  a  {hip  bound  for  Spain,  againft  the 
advice  of  the  godly  there,  who  told  him  he  would  be  ta- 
ken by  the  turks  :  and  it  fo  fell  out,  for  in  Spain  he  em- 
barked himfelf  in  a.great  {hip  bound  for  England  which 

car- 


JOURNAL,  2C39 

carried  jTzoo.QOQ  in   money,  but  the  fhip  was  taken  by      1640.. 
the  turks,  and  Auflin  and  his  wife  and  family  were  car-  ' 

ried  to  Algiers  and  fold  there  for  ilaves. 

The  Lord' hath  fhewcd  his  difpleafure"  againft  others, 
tho'  godly,  who  have  fpojken  ill  of  this  country,  and  fo 
difcouraged  the  hearts  of  his  people.  Even  the  lords  and 
others  of  Providence  having  fpoken  Loo  much  in  that 
kind,  thinking  thereby  to  further  their  own  plantatic  .. 
They  fet  out  a  fhip  the  laft  year  with  paffengers and  goods 
for  Providence  but  it  was  taken  by  the  turks.  Captain 
Newman,  the  fame  year,  having  taken  good  prize  in  their 
fervice,  returning  home  when  he  was  near  Dover,was  ta- 
enk  by  a  Dunkirk  and  all  loft.  Mr.  Humphry,  who  was 
now  for  Providence  with  his  company,  raifed  an  ill  re- 
port of  this  country,  were  here  kept,  in  fpight  of  all  their 
endeavours  and  means  to  have  been  gone  this  winter,  and 
his  corn  and  all  his  hay  to  the  value  of  £*i6o  were  b^arnt 
by  his  own  fervants  who  made  a  fire  in  his  barn,  and  by- 
gunpowder,  which  accidentally  took  fire,  confumed  all; 
himfelf  having  at  the  court  before  petitioned  for  fome 
fupply  of  his  want,  whereupon  the  court  gave  him  £250. 
Soon  after  alfo  Providence  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards, 
and  the  lords  loft  all  their  eare  and  coft  to  the  value  of 
above  £60.000. 

Capt.  Underbill  being  brought  by  the  blefling  of  God 
in  this  church's  cenfuie  of  excommunication,  to  remorfe 
for  his  foul  fins,  obtained,  by  means  of  the  elders,  and 
others  of  the  church  of  Bofton,  a  fafe  conduct  under  the 
hand  of  the  Governor  and  one  of  the  council  to  repair 
to  the  church  ;  he  came  at  the  time  of  the  court  of  affift- 
ants  ;  and  upon  the  lefture  day,  after  fermon,  the  paftor 
called  him  forth  and  declared  the  Joccafion,  and  then  gave 
him  leave  to  fpeak  :  and  indeed  it  was  a  fpcftacle  which 
caufed  many  weeping  eyes,  tho'  it  afforded  matter  of 
much  rejoicing, to  behold  the  power  of  the  Lord  Jefus  in 
his  own  ordinances  when  they  are  difpenfed  in  his  own 
way,  holding  forth  the  authority  of  his  regal  fceptre  in 
thefimplicity  of  the  gT)fpel.  He  came  in  his  word  clothes 
(being  accuftcmed  to  take  great  pride  in  his  bravery  and 
neatnefs)  without  a  band,  in  a  foul  linen  cap  pulled  clofe 
to  his  eyes,  and.  ftanding  upon  a  form,  he  did,  with  majiy 
deep  fighs  and  abundance  of  tears,  lay  open  his  wicked 
courfe,  his  adultery,  his  hypocrify,  his  perfecution  of 
God's  people  here,  and  especially  his  pride  (as  the  root  of 
all  v  .icd  God  to  give  him  over  to  his  other  finful 

D  d  courfes 


.'to  GOVERNOR    WIN  THRO  P's 

1640.  tourfes  and  contempt  oF  the  magiftrates.  He  juftified 
— — v '  God  and  the  church  and  the  court  in  all  that  had  been  in- 
flicted on  him.  He  declared  what  power  Satan  had  of 
him  fince  the  catting  out  of  the  church — how  his  pre- 
fumptuous  laying  hold  of  mercy  and  pardon  before  God 
gave  it.  did  then  fail  him  when  the  terrors  of  God  came 
upon  him,  fo  as  he  could  have  no  reft,  nor  could  fee  any 
iiVue  but  utter  defpair,  which  had  put  him  divers  times 
upon  resolutions  of  deftroying  himfelf,  had  not  the  Lord 
in  mercy  prevented  him  even  when  his  {word  was  ready 
to  have  done  the  execution.  Many  fearful  temptations 
he  met  with  betide,  and  in  all  thei'e  his  heart  fhut  up  in 
hardnefs  and  impenitency  as  the  bonciilave  of  fatan  'till 
the  Lord  after  a  longtime  and  great  afflictions,  bad  bro- 
ken his  heart,  and  brought  him  to  humble  himfelf  before 
him  nigbt  and  day  with  prayers  and  tears  'till  his  (Irength 
was  wafted  j  and  indeed  he  appeared  as  a  man  worn  out 
with  for  row,  and  yet  he  could  find  no  peace,  therefore  he 
•was  now  come  to  feek  it  in  this  ordinance  of  God.  He 
fpakc  well,  fave  that  his  blubbering  &c.  interrupted  hiring 
and  all  along  he  difcovered  a  broken  and  melting  heart, 
asd  gave  good  exhorrations  to  take  heed  of  fuch  vanities 
and  beginnings  of  evil  as  had  occafioned  his  fall  ;  and 
in  the  end  he  earneftly  and  humbly  befought  the  church 
to  have  companion  of  him,  and  to  deliver  him  out  of  the 
hands  of  fatan,  fo  accordingly  he  was  received  into  the 
church  again  ;  and  after  he  carne  into  the  court  (for  the 
general  court  began  foon  after)  and  made  confeffion  of 
his  fin  againft  them  &c.  and  defired  pardon,  which  the 
court  freely  granted  him  fo  far  as  concerned  their  private 
judgment,  but  for  his  adukerv  they  could  not  pardon 
that  for  example  iake.  nor  would  reftore  him  to  freedom, 
tho'  they  releafed  his  banifhment,  and  declared  the  for- 
mer law  againft  adultery  to  be  of  no  force,  fo  as  there 
was  no  law  now  to  touch  his  life,  for  the  new  law  againft 
adultery  was  made  fince.  his  fafl  committed.  He  con- 
feiled  aifo  in  the  congregation  that  tho'  he  was  very  fa- 
miliar with  that  woman,  arid  had  gained  her  affection 
&c.  yet  fhe  withftooci  him  fix  months  againft  all  his  iol- 
licitations  (which  he  thought  no  woman  could  have  re- 
filled) before  he  could  overcome  her  chaftity,  but  being 
once  overcome,  fhe  was  wholly  at  his  will,  and  to  make 
his  peace  the  more  found,  he  went  to  her  hufband  (be- 
ing a  cooper)  and  fell  upon  his  knees  before  him  in  the 
prcfence  of  lomc  of  the  elders  and  ethers,  and  confefled 

the 


JOURNAL.  21 

the  wrong  he  had  done  him,  and  befought  him  to  forgive       1640. 
him,  which  he  did  very  Freely,  and  in  teftimony  thereof 
he  Tent  the  Captain's  wife  a  token. 

It  rained  three  days  and  nights  together,  and  the  tides 
were  extraordiaary  high. 

It  is  before  declared  how  the  church  of  Bofton  fent  Mo.  a., 
melTengers  and  a  letter  to  their  members  at  Aquiday,  and 
how  they  refufed  to  hear  them,  pretending  themfelves  to 
be  no  members,  being  now  fo  far  removed.  Whereupon 
the  elders  and  moft  of  the  church  intended  to  have  caft 
them  out,  as  refufers  to  hear  the  church  ;  but  iome  others 
defired  that  the  church  would  write  to  them  once  again, 
which  accordingly  was  done,  and  the  letter  drawn  by 
Mr.  Cotton,  wherein  he  fully  repeated  all  former  pro- 
ceedings, both  of  the  church  and  of  the- court,  and  ju  (lifted 
both,  and  condemned  their  errors  and  difturbance  of  the 
peace  here,  and  their  remonftrance,  and  Mr.  Wheel- 
wright's iermon  (which  formerly  among  other  his  fail- 
ings, being  milled  by  their  fubtilty  &c.  he  had  juflified 
and  commended]  and  fhewed  how  the  church  had  been 
wronged  by  them. 

Miantunomoh  the  fachem  of  Naraganfett  came,  and 
was  met  at  Dorchefter  by  Capt.  Gibbons  and  *  guard^of 
twelve  mufketeers,  and  well  entertained  at  Roxbury  by 
the  Governor  ;  but  when  we  came  to  parley  he  refufed 
to  treat  with  us  by  our  Pequod  interpreter,  as  he  had 
done  before  to  Capt.  Jenyion,  and  the  Governor  being 
as  refolute  as  he,  refufed  to  ufe  any  other  interpreter, 
thinking  it  a  difhonor  to  us  to  give  fo  much  way  to  them. 
Whereupon  he  came  from  Roxbury  to  Bofton,  departing 
in  a  rude  manner,  without  (hewing  any  reipeft  or  fign  of 
thankfulnefs  to  the  Governor  for  his  entertainment, 
whereof  the  Governor  informed  the  general  court,  and 
would  fhew  him  no  countenance,  nor  admit  him  to  dine 
at  our  table,  as  formerly  he  had  done  'till  he  had  acknow- 
ledged his  failing  &c.  which  he  readily  did,  fo  foon  as  he 
could  be  made  to  underftand  it,  and  did  {peak  with  pur 
committees  and  us  by  a  Pequod  maid  who  could  {peak, 
englifh  perfectly  ;  but  it  was  conceived  by  ibme  of  the 
court  that  he  kept  back  fuch  things  as  he  accounted  fe- 
crets  of  ftate.  and  that  he  would  carry  home  in  his  bread 
as  an  injury,  the  ft  rift  terms  he  was  put  to  both  in  this, 
and  the  fatisEaftion  he  was  urged  to  for  not  obferving  our 
cuftorn  in  matter  of  manners,  for  he  told  us  that  when  our 
men  came  to  hinvthey  were  permitted  to  ufe  their  own 

fafhions, 


is  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP's 

1640.  faihions,  and  fo  he  expefted  the  Came  liberty  with  us  : 
— *-AT— — /  fo  as  he  departed  and  nothing  agreed,  only  the  former 
articles  of  peace  were  read  to  him  and  allowed  by  him 
with  this  addition,  that  if  any  of  his  men  did  fet  traps  in 
our  jurifdiftion  &c.  they  fhould  be  liable  to  fatisfy  all 
damages  &c. 

Mo.  8.  The  elders  had  moved  at  a  general  court  before,  that 
the  diftindion  between  the.  two  jurifdiftioris  might  be 
fet  down,  that  the  churches  might  know  their  power, 
and  the  civil  magiftrate  his.  The  fame  had  been  moved 
bv  the  magiftrates  formerly,  and  now  at  this  court  they 
prefented  a  writing  to  that  effeft  to  be  coniidered  by  the 
court,  wherein  they  declared  that  the  civil  magistrate 
fhould  not  proceed  again  ft  a  church  member  before  the 
church  had  dealt  with  him,  with  Come  other  reftraints 
which  the  court  did  not  allow  of,  fo  the  matter  was  re- 
ferred to  further  confidei  ation,  and  it  appeared  indeed 
that  divers  of  the  elders  did  not  agree  in  thofe  points. 

At  this  court  Mr.  Ez  :  Rogers  parlor  of  the  church  in 
Rowlye,  being  not  kindly  dealt  with,  nor  juflly,  as  he 
alledged,  concerning  the  limits  of  their  town,  moved  for 
further  enlargement  for  taking  in  a  neck  of  land  upon 
Merrimack  near  Cochitawit,  for  which  end  they  defired 
their  line  might  run  fquare  from  Ipfwich  line.  This 
line  was  granted,  and  he  faid  it  fhould  fatisfy,  but  within 
an  hour  after,  it  was  difcovered  that  he  was  miftaken, 
and  that  fuch  a  line  would  not  reach  the  neck,  whereup- 
on he  came  again  and  confeffed  his  miftake,  and  ftill  de- 
manded the  neck.  The  court  was  very  doubtful  what 
to  do  in  it,  having  formerly  granted  a  plantation  at  Co- 
chitawit, and  did  not  yield  his  requeft.  Whereupon  he 
pleaded  juftice,  upon  fome  promifes  of  large  accommo- 
dations &c.  when  we  defired  his  fitting  down  with  us, 
and  grew  into  fome  pafiion,  fo  as  in  departing  from  the 
court,  he  faid  he  would  acquaint  the  elders  with  it.  This 
behaviour  being  menacing,  as  it  was  taken,  gave  juft 
caufe  of  offence  to  the  court,  fo  as  he  was  fent  for,  not 
by  the  officer,  but  by  one  of  Rowlye  deputies.  Before": 
he  came  he  wrote  to  the  Governor  wherein  he  confeffcd 
his  paflionatediftemper — declared  his  meaning  in  thole 
often fivefpeeches,  as  that  his  meaning  was  that  he  would 
propound  the  cafe  to  the  elders  for  advice  only  about  the 
equity  of  it,  which  he  ftill  defended.  This  would  not 
be  accepted,  but  the  court  would  have  him  appear  and 
anfwer  :  only  they  left  him  to  take  his  own  time,  fo  the 

next 


JOURNAL.  tig 

next  day  he  came,  not  accompanied  whh  any  other  of      1640. 
the  elders,  tho'  many  were  then  in  town,   and  did  freely    Ui  •>,••«  *J 
and  humbly  blame  himfelf  for  his  pa  (donate  diftemper  ; 
and  the  court  knowing  that  he  would   not  yield  from  the 
juiti  ;<s  of  his   caufe,  (as   he  apprehended  it)   they  would 
not   put  him  upon  any    temptation,   but    accepted  his 
fatisfa&ion,  and  freely  granted  what  he  formerly  defir- 
cd. 

A  commiffion  had  formerly  been  granted  to  Mr.  £n- 
dicott  and  Mr.  Stoughton  for  joining  with  the  commif- 
fioners  who  met  the  iecond  time  at  Scituate,  and  there 
came  to  a  full  agreement  which  was  certified  this  court, 
and  recorded  to  this  effect,  That  the  bounds  fhould  be 
the  beach  of  Conyhafiett  creek  neareft  to  Scituate,  with 
60  acres  of  marfh  in  the  fouth  fide. 

The  icarcity  of  mony  made  a  great  change  in  all  com- 
merce. Merchants  would  fell  no  wares  but  for  ready 
money — men  could  not  pay  their  debts  tho'  they  had 
enough — prices  of  lands  and  cattle  fell  foon  to  the  one 
half  and  lefs,  yea  to  a  third,  and  after  one  fourth  part. 

The  church  of  Watertown  ordained  Mr.  Knolles  a  Mo.  1O.  9 
godly  man  and  a  prime  fcholar,  paftor,  and  fo  they  had 
now  two  paftors  and  no  teacher,  differing  from  the  prac- 
tice of  the  other  churches,  as  alfo  they  did  in  their  pri- 
vacy, not  giving  notice  thereof  to  the  neighbouring 
churches,  nor  to  the  magiflrates,  as  the  common  practice 
was. 

At  the  court  of  afiiftants  one  HughBewett  wasbanifii- 
ed  for  holding  publickly  and  maintaining  that  he  was 
free  from  original  (in  and  from  actual  alfo  for  half  a  year 
before,  and  that  all  true  chriftians  after  are 

enabled  to  live  without  committing  actual  fin. 

A  pinnace  called  the  Coach  being  in  her  voyage  to  15 
New  Haven  (late  Quinipiack)  between  Salem  and  Cape 
Cod,  fprang  a  leak,  fo  as  in  in  the  morning  they  found 
her  hold  half  filled  with  water  ;  whereupon  the  feamen 
and  paflengers  betook  themfelves  to  thei^  fkiff,  being  a 
very  fmall  one,  and  the  wind  then  growing  very  high  at 
S.W.  only  one  Jadtfon  a  godly  man  and  an  experienced 
feamen,  would  not  leave  the  veflel  before  he  had  tried 
the  utmoft,  fo  getting  them  in  again,  and  tying  the  bark 
upon  the  contrary  fide,  they  fell  to  getting  oat  the  water, 
which,  it  pleafed  God,  they  overcame,  and  having  a  fine 
frefh  gale,  they  got  fafe  back  to  Salem. 

Mr.  Pelham's  houfe  in  Cambridge  took  fire  in  the  dead 

of 


2i4  GOVERNOR    WINTRftOP's 

1640.  of  the  night  by  the  chimney.  A  neighbour's  wife  hear- 
v  *  '  ing  fome  noife  among  her  hens,  perfuaded  her  hufband 
to  arife,  which,  being  very  cold,  he  was  loth  to  do,  yet 
thro'  her  great  importunity  he  did,  and  fo  efpied  the  fire, 
and  came  running  in  his  fhirt,  and  had  much  to  do  to 
awake  any  body,  but  he  got  them  up  at  laft,  and  fo  faved 
all,  the  fire  being  ready  to  lay  hold  upon  the  (lairs.  They 
had  all  been  burnt  in  their  chambers,  if  Cod  had  not 
by  His  fpecial  providence,  fent  help  at  that  very  in- 
ftant. 

About  this  time  a  pinnace  called  the  Make  Shift  (be- 
caufe  {he  was  built  of  the  wreck  of  a  greater  veffel  at  the 
Ifle  of  Sable,  and  by  that  means  the  men  faved)  being  on 
a  voyage  to  th  •-•*  fouthward,  was  caft  away  upon  a  ledge 
of  rocks  near  Long  Ifland.  the  goods  were  all  loft,  but 
the  men  were  faved.  No  winter  but  fome  veflels  have 
been  caft  away  in  that  voyage. 

About  this  time  there  fell  out  a  thing  worthy  of  ob- 
fervation.  Mr.  Winthrop  the  younger,  one  of  the  ma- 
giftrates,  having  many  books  in  a  chamber  where  there 
was  corn  of  divers  forts,  had  among  them  one  wherein 
the  Greek  teftament,  thepfalms  and  the  common  prayer 
were  bound  together.  He  found  the  common  prayer 
eaten  with  mice,  every  leaf  of  it,  and  not  ,,ny  of  the  two 
other  touched,  nor  any  other  of  his  books  tho'  there  were 
above  a  thoufand. 

Mo.  8.  We  received  a  letter  at  the  general  court  from  the  ma- 
giftrates  of  Conne&icut  and  New-Haven  and  of  Aqui- 
day,  wherein  they  declared  their  diflike  of  fuch  as  would 
have  the  indians  rooted  out,  as  being  of  the  curfed  race 
of  Shem,  and  their  defire  of  our  mutual  accord  in  feek- 
ing  to  gain  them  by  juftice  and  kindnefs,  and  withal  to 
•watch  over  them  to  prevent  any  danger  by  them  &c. 
We  returned  anfwer  of  our  confent  with  them  in  all 
things  propounded,  only  we  refufed  to  include  thofe 
ofAquiday  in  our  anfwer,  or  to  have  any  treaty  with 
them. 

Mo.  10.  About  the  end  of  this  month  a  fifhing  fhip  arrived  at 
Ifle  of  Shoals,  and  another  focm  after,  and  there  came  no 
more  this  feafon  for  fifhing.  They  brought  us  news  of 
the  Scotts  entering  into  England,  and  the  calling  of  a 
parliament,  and  the  hope  of  a  thorough  reformation  &c. 
whereupon  fome  among  us  began  to  think  of  returning 
back  to  England.  Others  difpairing  of  any  more  fupply 
from  thence,  and  yet  not  knowing  how  to  live  there  if 

they 


JOURNAL.  215 

they  fliould  return,  bent  their  minds  wholly  to  removal  1640. 
to  the  fouth  parts,  fu :.»vo  [jng  they  fhould  find  better  means 
of  fubfiftence  there,  and  for  this  end  put  off  their  eilates 
here  at  very  low  rates.  Thefe  things,  together  with  the 
fcarcily  of  money,  caufed  a  fudden  and  very  great  abate- 
ment of  the  prices  of  all  our  own  commodities.  Corn 
(indian)  was  fold  ordinarily  at  three  {hillings  thebufhel, 
a  good  cow  at  feven  or  eight  pounds,  and  iome  at£  ^^— 
and  other  things  anfwerable  (fee  the  order  of  court  in. 
8ber.  about  thefe  things)  whereby  it  came  to  pafs  that 
men  could  not  pay  their  debts,  for  no  money  nor  beaver 
were  to  be  had,  and  he  who  laft  year,  or  but  three  months 
before  was  worth^.iooo  could  riot  now  if  he  fhould  fell 
his  whole  eftate  raile£\2oo  whereby  God  taught  us  the 
Vanity  of  all  outward  things  &c. 

One  Taylor  of  Linne  having  a  milch  cow  in  the  (hip 
as  he  came  over,  fold  the  milk  to  the  paflengers  for  20. 
the  quart. and  being  after  at  a  fermort  wherein  oppreflion 
was  complained  of  &c.  he  fell  diftra&ed.  This  evil  was 
very  notorious  among  all  forts  of  people,  it  being  the 
coHnmon  rule  that  moft  men  walked  by  in  all  their  com- 
merce, to  buy  as  cheap  as  they  could,  and  to  fell  as 
dear. 

A  great  fhip  called  the  Charles  of  above  300  tons 
brought  paflengers  hither  this  year.  The  mafler  was  a 
plain  quiet  man,  but  his  company  were  very  wicked, 
and  did  wrong  the  paflengers  much,  and  being  at  Pifcat : 
to  take  in  clapboards  with  another  fhip  wherein  Mr.  Pe- 
ters by  occafion  preached  one  Lord's  day,  the  company 
of  the  Charles  did  ufe  ail  the  means  they  could  to  difturb 
the  exercife,  by  hooting  and  hallooing,  but  in  their  re- 
turn they  were  fet  upon  by  the  Turks  and  divers  of  them 
killed.  '  .  , 

A  wicked  fellow  given  up  to  beftialky,  fearing  to  be 
taken  by  the  hand  of  juftice,  fled  to  Long  liland,  and 
there  was  drowned.  He  had  confefled  to  fome  that  he 
\vasiogivenupto  that  abomination,  that  he  never  (aw 
anv  bead  go  before  him  but  he  lutted  after  it.  • 

Mr.  Nathaniel  Eaton  of  whom  mention  is  made  be- 
fore, being  come  to  Virginia  took  upon  him  to  be  a  mi- 
nifter,  but  was  given  up  of  God  to  extreme  pride  and  fen- 
fuality,  being  ufually  drunken,  as  the  cuflom  is  there.  He 
fent  for  his  wife  and  children,  her  friends  here  purfuad- 
ed  her  to  ftay  a  while,  but  fhe  went  notwithflanding,  and 
the  vcllel  was  never  heard  of  after. 

The 


216  GOVERNOR    W  I  NTH  R  OP's 

1640.  The  church  of  Dorchefter  being  furnilhed  with  a  very 
v— -v— '  godly  &  able  paftor,  one  Mr.  Mather,  and  having  invited 
Mo. 12.  2  to  them  one  Mr.  Burre  who  had  been  a  minifler  in  Eng- 
land, and  of  very  good  report  there  for  piety  and  learn- 
ing, with  intent  to  call  himalfo  to  office  after  he  was  re- 
ceived a  member  in  their  church,  and  had  given  good 
proof  of  his  gifts  and  godlinefs  to  the  fatisfa£lion  of  the 
church,  they  gave  him  a  fall  to  office,  which  he  deferring 
to  accept,  in  the  mean  time  he  delivered  fome  points  fa- 
vouring of  familift,  wherein  the  church  defn  ing  fatisfac- 
tion,  and  he  not  fo  free  to  give  it  as  was  meet,  it  was  a- 
grced  that  Mr.  Mather  and  he  fhould  confer  together, 
and  fo  the  church  fhould  be  informed  wherein  the  dif- 
ference lay.  Accordingly  Mr.  Burre  wrote  his  judg- 
ment in  the  points  in  difference,  in  fuch  manner  and 
terms  as  from  fome  of  his  propofitions  there  could  no 
other  be  gathered  but  that  he  was  erroneous,  but  this  was 
again  fo  qualified  in  cfther  parts  as  might  admit  of  a  cha- 
ritable conftruftion.  Mr,,  Mather  reports  to  the  church 
the  errors  which  might  be  colle&ed,  without  mentioning 
the  qualification,  or  acquainting  Mr.  Burre  with  it  be- 
fore. When  this  was  publifhed,  Mr.  Burre  difclaimed 
the  errors,  and  Mr.  Mather  maintained  them  from  his 
writings  ;  whereupon  the  church  was  divided,  fomejoin- 
ing  with  the  one,  and  fome  with  the  other,  fo  as  it  grew 
to  fome  heat  and  alienation,  and  many  days  were  fpent 
for  reconciliation,  but  all  in  vain.  In  the  end  they  a- 
greed  to  call  in  help  from  other  churches,  fo  this  day 
there  was  a  meeting  at  Dorchefter,  the  Governor  and  an- 
other of  the  magiftrates,  and  about  ten  of  the  elders  of 
the  neighbouring  churches,  wherein  four  days  were  fpent 
in  opening  the  caufe,  and  fuch  offences  as  had  fallen  out 
in  the  prolecutjon,  and  in  conclufion  the  magiftrates  and 
elders  declared  their  judgment  and  advice  in  the  cafe  to 
this  effeft.  That  both  fides  had  caufe  to  be  humbled  for 
their  failings,  more  particularly  Mr.  Burre  for  his  doubt- 
ful and  tinfafe  expreffions,  and  backwardnefs  to  give 
clear  fatisfaftion  &c. — and  Mr*  Mather  for  his  inconfi- 
deration  both  in  not  acquainting  Mr.  Burre  with  his 'col- 
lections before  he  had  publifhed  them  to  the  church,  and 
in  not  certifying  the  qualifications  of  thofe  errors  which 
•were  in  his  writings  :  for  which  they  were  advifecl  to  fet 
a  day  apart  for  reconciliation.  Upon  this  Mr.  Mather 
and  Mr.  Burre  took  the  blame  of  their  failings  upon 
tfienafelves,  and  freely  fubmitted  to  the  judgment  and 

ad- 


JOURNAL.  2 

advice  given,   to  which  the  reft  of  the  church  yielded  a       1640. 

filent  aflent,  and  God  was  much   glorified   in  the   clofe  v *-— 

thereof,  and  Mr.  Burre .  did  again  fully  renounce 
thefe  erroneous  opinions  of  which  he  had  been  fufpe&ed, 
confeffing  that  he  was  in  the  dark  about  thefe  points  'till 
God,  by  occafion  of  this  agitation  had  cleared  them  to 
him,  which  he  did  with  much  meeknefs  and  many 
tears. 

The  church  of  Bofton  were  necefiitated  to  build  a  new 
meeting  houfe,  and  a  great  difference  arofe  about  the 
place  of  fituation,  which  hadmueh  troubled  otherehurches 
on  the  like  occafion,  but  after  fome  debate  it  was  referred 
to  a  committee  and  was  quietly  determined.  It  cod  a- 
about£"iooo.  which  was  raifed  out  of  the  weekly  volun- 
tary contribution  without  any  noife  or  complaint,  when 
in  fome  other  churches  which  did  it  by  way  of  rates,  there 
was  much  difficulty  and  compulfion  by  laws  to  raife  a  far 
lefs  fum. 

The  general  fear  of  wartt  of  foreign  commodities  now 
our  money  was  gone,  and  that  things  were  like  to  go  well 
in  England,  fet  us  on  work  to  provide  (hipping  of  our 
own,  for  which  end  Mr.  Peters,  being  a  man  of  a  very 
public  fpirit  and  fmgular  activity  for  all  occafions,  pro- 
cured fome  to  join  for  building  a  (hip  at  Salem  of  300 
tons,  and  the  inhabitants  of  Bofton  ftirred  up  by  his  ex- 
ample, fet  upon  the  building  another  at  Bofton  of  150 
tons.  The  work  was  hard  to  accomplish  for  want  of  mo- 
ney &c.  but  our  Shipwrights  were  content  to  take  fuch  v 
pay  as  the  country  could  make.  The  flaipwright  at  Sa- 
lem, thro' want  of  care  of  his  tackle  &c.  occafioned  the 
death  of  one  Baker  who  was  defired  with  five  or  fix  more 
to  help  hale  up  a  piece  of  timber,  which,  the  rope  break- 
ing, fell  down  upon  them.  The  reft  by  fpecial  provi- 
dence were  faved.  This  Baker  going  forth  in  the  morn- 
ing very  well,  after  he  had  prayed,  told  his  wife  he  fnould 
fee  her  no  more,  tho5  he  could  not  forefee  any  danger  to- 
wards him. 

The  court  having  found  by  experience  that  it  would 
not  avail  by  any  law  to  redrefs  the  exceffive  rates  of  la- 
bourers and  workmen's  wages  &c.  for  being  reftrained, 
they  would  either  remove  to  other  places  where  they 
might  have  more  or  elfe  being  able  to  live  bv  planting  and 
other  employments  of  their  own,  they  would  not  be  hir- 
ed at  all.  It  was  therefore  referred  to  the  feveral  towns 
to  let  down  rates  among  therr.felves.  This  took  better 
E  c 


218  GOVERNOR    WiNTRHOP's 

1640.  effe£l,  fo  that  in  a  voluntary  way,  by  the  counfel  and  per- 
fuafion  of"  the  elders,  and  example  of  fome  who  led  the 
way,  they  were  brought  to  more  moderation  than  they 
could  be  by  compulfion,  but  it  held  not  long. 

Upon  the  great  liberty  which  the  King  had  left  the  par- 
liament to  in  England,  fome  of  our  friends  there  wrote  to 
us  advice  to  fend  over  fome  to  follicit  for  us  in  the  par- 
liament, giving  us  hope  that  we  might  obtain  much  &c. 
but  confulting  about  it,  we  declined  the  motion  for  this 
confideration,  that  if  we  fhould  put  ourfelves  under  the 
protection  of  the  parliament,  we  muft  then  be  fubjc&  to 
all  fuch  laws  as  they  fhould  make,  or  at  leaft  fuch  as  they 
might  impofe  uoon  us  ;  in  which  courfe  tho*  they  fhouldi 
intend  our  good,  yet  it  might  prove  very  prejudicial  to  us. 
But  upon  this  occafion  the  court  of  afliftants  being  affem- 
bled,  and  advifmg  with  fome  of  the  elders  about  fome 
courfe  to  ferve  the  providence  of  God  in  making  ufe  of 
prefent  opportunity  of  a  fhip  ©f  our  own  being  ready 
bound  for  England,  it  was  thought  fit  to  fend  fome  chofen 
men  in  her  with  commiflion  to  negociate  for  us,  as  occa- 
fion fhould  be  offered,  both  in  furth«ring  the  work  of  re- 
formation of  the  churches  there  which  'was  now  like  to  be 
attempted,  and  to  fatisfy  our  countrymen  of  the  true 
caufe  why  our  engagements  there  have  not  been  fatisfied 
this  year,  as  they  were  wont  to  be  in  all  former  time  fince 
we  were  here  planted  ;  and  alfo  to  feek  out  fome  way,  by 
procuring  cotton  from  the  W.  Indies,  or  other  means  that 
might  be  lawful,  and  not  dishonorable  to  the  gofpely  for 
our  prefent  fupply  of  cloathing  &c.  for  the  country  was 
like  to  afford  enough  for  food  &c.  The  perfons  defigned 
hereto  were  Mr.  Peters  paftor  of  the  church  of  Salem, 
Mr.  Wade  the  paftwr  of  the  church  of  Roxbury,  and  Mr. 
Hibbins  of  Bofton.  For  this  end  the  Governor  and  near 
all  the  reft  of  the  magiftrates  and  fome  of  the  elders  wrote 
a  letter  to  the  church  of  Salem  acquainting  them  with  our 
intentions,  and  defiring  them  to  fpare  their  paftor  for 
that  fervice.  The  Governor  alfo  moved  the  church  of 
Roxbury  for  Mr.  Welde,  whom  after  fome  time  of  con- 
federation,  they  freely  yielded.  But  when  it  was  pro- 
pounded to  the  church  of  Salem,  Mr.  Endicott.  being  a 
member  thereof,  and  having  formerly  oppofed  it,  did  now 
again  the  like  in  the  church.  Some  reafons  were  there 
alledged — as  that  officers  fhould  not  be  taken  from  their 
churches  for  civil  occafions,  that  the  voyage  would  be 
long  and  dangerous — that  it  would  be  reported  that  wa 

wera 


JOURNAL.  219 

were  in  fuch  want  as  we  had  fent  to  England  to  beg  re-  1641. 
lief,  which  would  be  very  dishonorable  to  religion,  and 
that  we  ought  to  truft  God  who  had  never  failed  us  hither- 
to &c.  But  the  main  reafon  indeed  which  was  privately 
intimated,  was  their  fear  left  he  (hould  be  kept  there,  or 
diverted  to  the  W.  Indies,  for  Mr.  Humphrey  intended 
to  go  with  him,  who  was  already  engaged  that  way  by  the 
lord  Say  &c.  and  therefore  it  was  feared  he  fhould  fall 
under  ftrong  temptations  that  way,  being  once  in  Eng- 
land ;  and  Mr.  Humphrey  difcovered  his  intentions  the 
more  by  falling  upon  Mr  Endicott  in  the  open  affembly 
at  Salem  for  oppofing  this  motion,  and  with  that  bitter- 
nefs  as  gave  great  offence,  and  was  like  to  have  grown  to 
a  profefled  breach  between  them,  but  being  both  godly, 
and  hearkening  to  feafonable  counfel,  they  were  foon  re- 
conciled, upon  a  free  and  public  acknowledgment  of  fuch 
failings  as  had  pafTed.  But  the  church,  not  willing  to  let 
their  paftor  go,  nor  yet  to  give  a  pliin  denial  to  the  ma- 
giftrates'  requeft,wrote  an  anfwer  by  way  of  excufe,  tend- 
ring  fome  reafons  of  their  unfatisfiednefs  about  his  going 
&c.  The  agitation  of  this  bufmefs  was  foon  about  the 
country,  whereby  we  perceived  there  would  be  finifter 
interpretations  made  of  it,  and  the  fhip  being  fuddenly  to 
depart,  we  gave  it  over  for  that  feafon, 

A  negro  maid,  fcrvant  to  Mr.  Stoughton  of  Dorchefler,  Mo, 2. 13. 
being  well  approved  by  divers  years  experience,  for  found 
knowledge   and   true  godlinefs,   was  received   into  the 
church  and  baptized. 

Some  agitation  fell  out  between  us  ancLPlimouth  about 
Seaeunk.  Some  of  our  people  finding  it  fit  for  planta- 
tions, and  thinking  it  out  of  our  patent,  which  Plimouth 
men  underftanding,  forbid  them,  an'l  fent  to  us  to  fignify 
that  it  was  within  their  grant,  and  that  we  would  theie- 
fore  forbid  ©urs  to  proceed.  But  the  planters  having  ac- 
quainted us  with  their  title,  and  offering  to  yield  it  to 
our  jurifdiclion,  and  afluring  us  that  it  could  not  be  in 
the  Plimouth  patent,  we  made  anfwer  to  Plimouth  accor- 
dingly, and  encouraged  our  neighbours  to  go  on,  fo  as 
divers  letters  paffing  between  us,  and  the  fending  fome  to 
take  pofiefTion  for  them,  at  length  we  fent  fome  to  Pli- 
mouth to  fee  their  patent,  who  bringing  us  a  copy  of  fo 
much  as  concerned  the  thing  in  question,  tho'  we  were 
not  fully  fatisfied  thereby,  yet  not  being  willing  to  drive 
for  land,  we  fat  ft  ill. 

There  fell  out  much  trouble  about  this  time  at  Pifcar  : 

Mr, 


o  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1641.  Mr.  Knolles  had  gathered  a  church  of  fuch  as  he  could 
get,  men  very  raw  for  the  molt  part  &e.  Afterwards 
there  came  amongft  them  one  Mr.  Larkham  who  had 
been  a  minifter  at  Northam  near  Barnftaple  in  England, 
a  man  not  favouring  the  right  way  of  church  difcipline, 
but  being  a  man  of  good  parts  and  wealthy,  the  people 
v/ere  ibon  taken  with  him,  and  the  greater  part  were  for- 
ward to  caft  off  Mr.  Knolles  their  poflor  and  to  choofa 
him,  for  they  were  not  willing  nor  able  to  maintain  two 
officers,  fo  Mr.  Knolles  gave  place  to  him5  and  he  being 
thus  chofen,  did  foon  difcover  himfelf.  He  received  in- 
to the  church  Ul  that  offered  themfelves  tho*  men  noto- 
rioufly  fcandalous  and  ignorant,  fo  they  would  promifc 
amendment,  and  fell  into  contention  with  the  people,  and 
•would  take  upon  him  to  rule  all, even  the  magistrates  (fuch 
as  they  were)  fo  as  there  foon  grew  (harp  contention  be- 
tween him  and  Mr.  Knolles,  to  whom  the  more  religious 
ftili  adhered,  whereupon  they  were  divided  into  two 
churches.  Mr.  Knolles  and  his  company  excommuni- 
cated Mr.  Lavkham,and  he  again  laid  violent  hands  upon 
Mr.  Knolles.  In  this  heat  it  began  to  grow  to  a  tumult, 
fome  of  their  magiftrates  joined  with  Mr.  Larkham  arid  af- 
fembled  a  company  to  fetch  Capt.  Underbill  (another  of 
their  magiftrates  and  their  Captain)  to,  their  court,  and 
he  alfo  gathered  fome  of  the  seighbcurs  to  defend  him- 
felf, and  to  fee  the  peace  kept,  fo  they  marched  forth  to- 
wards Mr.  Larkham's,  one  carrying  a  bible  upon  a  ftaff  for 
an  enfign,and  Mr. Knolles  with  them  armed  with  apiftol. 
"When  Mr.  Larkham  and  his  company  law  them  thus  pro- 
vided, they  proceeded  no  further,  but  lent  to  Mr.  Willi- 
ams who  was  Governor  of  thofe  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
river,  who  came  up  with  a  company  ©f  armed  men  and 
befet  Mr.  Knolles'  houfe  where  Capt.  Underbill  then 
was,  and  there  they  kept  a  guard  upon  them  night  and 
day,  and  in  the  mean  time  they  called  a  court,  and  Mr. 
Williams  fitting  as  judge,  they  found  Capt.  Underbill  and' 
his  company  guilty  of  a  riot,  and  fet  great  fiaes  upon  them, 
and  ordered  him  and  fome  others  to  depart  the  planta- 
tion. The  caufe  of  this  eager  profecution  of  Capt.  Un- 
derbill was  becaufe  he  had  procured  a  good  part  of  the 
inhabitants  there  to  offer  themfelves  again  to  the  govern- 
ment of  the  MaiTachufetts,  who  being  thus  prolecuted, 
they  fent  a  petition  to  us  for  aid. 

The  Governor  and  council  confiderrd  of  their  petition, 
•'-~\  |»avc  comaiiffiori  to  Mr.  Braditreet  one  of  our  rnagif- 

irates 


JOURNAL.  224 

trates.  Mr.  Peters  and  Mr.  Dal  ton  two  of  our  elders  to 
go  thither  and  to  endeavour  to  reconcile  them,  and  if 
they  could  not  effe£t  that,  then  to  inquire  how  things 
ftood,  and  to  certify  us  &c.  They  went  accordingly,and 
finding  both  fides  to  be  in  fault,  at  length  they  brought 
matters  to  a  peaceable  end.  Mr.  Larkham  was  released 
of  his  excommunication  and  Capt.  Underhill  and  the  reft 
from  their  cenfures,  and  by  occaficn  of  thefe  agitations 
Mr.  Knoll  es  was  difcovered  to  be  an  unclean  perfon,  and 
to  have  follicired  the  chaftity  of  two  maids,  his  fervants, 
and  to  have  ufed  filthy  dalliance  with  them,  which  he  ac- 
knowledged before  the  church  there,  and  fo  was  difmifs- 
ed,  and  removed  from  Pifcat  :  This  fin  of  his  was  the 
more  notorious,  becaufe  the  faft  which  was  firft  difcover- 
ed, was  the  fame  night  after  he  had  been  exhorting  the 
people  by  reafons  and  from  fcripture,  to  proceed  againft 
Capt.  Underhill  for  his  adultery.  And  it  is  very  obferva- 
ble  how  God  gave  up  thefe  two,  and  fome  others  who 
had  held  with  Mrs.  Hutchinfon,  in  crying  down  all  evi- 
dence from  fanftification  &c.  to  fall  into  thefe  unclean 
eourfes,  whereby  themfelves  and  their  erroneous  opinions 
were  laid  open  to  the  world. 

Mr.  Peters  and  Mr.  Dalton  with  one  of  Acomenticus, 
went  from  Pifcat  :  with  Mr.  Jo.  Ward  who  was  to  be 
entertained  there  for  their  minifter  ;  and  tho'  it  be  but 
fix  miles,  yet  they  loft  their  way,  and  wandered  two  days 
and  one  night  without  food  or  fire,  in  the  fnowandwet,  but 
God  heard  their  prayers  wherein  they  earneftly  preffed 
him  for  the  honor  of  his  great  name,  and  when  they  were 
even  quite  fpent,  he  brought  them  to  the  fea  fide  near  the 
place  they  were  to  go  to,  blefled  forever  be  his  name. 

Not  long  before  a  godly  maid  of  the  church  of  Linne, 
going  in  a  deep  fnow  from  Meadford  homeward,  was 
loft  and  fome  of  her  cloaths  found  after  among  the 
rocks. 

One  Jo.  Baker  a  member  of  the  church  of  Bofton,  re- 
moving from  thence  to  Newbury  for  enlargement  of  his 
outward  accommodation,  being  grown  wealthy  from  no- 
thing grew  there  very  difordered,  fell  into  drunkenefs 
and  fuch  violent  contention  with  another  brother,  main- 
taining the  fame  by  lying,  and  other  evil  courfes,  that  the 
magiftrates  fent  to  have  him  apprehended,  but  he  refcued 
himfelfout  of  the  officers  hands  and  removed  to  Acomen- 
ticus where  he  continued  near  two  years,  and  now  at 
this  time  he'camc  to  P.^o*-..  -Ari&  humbled  himfelf  bcforo 

the 


2*2  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1641.  the  church  confefling  all  his  wickednefs,with  many  tears, 
"  and  (hewing  how  he  had  been  followed  with  fatan,  and 
how  he  had  laboured  to  pacify  his  confcience  by  fecret 
confeffions  to  Cod  &c.  but  could  have  no  peace,  yet 
could  not  bring  his  heart  to  return  and  make  public  ac- 
knowledgment, untill  the  hand  of  God  fell  upon  one 
Swain  his  neighbour,  who  fell  into  defpair  and  would 
often  utter  dreadful  fpeeches  againft  himfelf,  and  cry  out 
that  he  was  all  on  fire  under  the  wrath  of  God.  but  would 
neverdifcoverany  other  heinous  fin,but  that  having  gotten 
about  ;£*4O.  by  his  labour,  he  went  into  England  and  there 
fpent  it  in  wicked  company,  and  fo  continued,  and  after 
a  frnall  time  hanged  himfelf.  This  Baker  coming  in,  and 
feeing  him  thus  dead,  was  fo  ftruck  with  it  as  he  could 
have  no  reft  'till  he  came  and  made  his  peace  with  the 
church  and  court.  Upon  his  confeflion  the  church  was 
doubtful  whether  they  ought  not  to  caft  Kim  out,  his  of- 
fences being  fo  fcandalous,  notwithftanding  they  were 
•well  perfuaded  of  the  truth  of  his  repentance  :  but  the 
judgment  of  th«  church  was,  that  feeing  he  had  excom- 
municated himfelf  by  deferring  the  church,  and  Chrift 
had  ratified  it  by  giving  him  up  to  fatan,  whereby  the  or- 
dinance had  had  it*  proper  effect,  therefore  he  ought  now 
to  be  received  and  pardoned,  whereto  the  church  agreed. 
Yet  this  man  fell  into  gr^fs  diftempers  foon  after. 

Mr.  Cotton  out  of  that  in  Revelations  15.  none  could 
enter  into  the  temple  untill  &c.  delivered,  that  neither 
Jews  nor  any  more  of  the  gentiles  fhould  be  called  until! 
Antichrift  were  deftroyed,  viz.  to  a  church  eftate,  tho' 
here  and  there  a  profelite. 

Upon  the  Lords  day  at  Concord  two  children  were  left 
at  homt  alone,  one  lying  in  a  cradle,  the  other  having 
burned  acloth  and  fearing  his  mother  {hould  fee  it,  thruft 
it  into  a  hay  ftack  by  the  door  (the  fire  not  being  quite 
out)  whereby  the  hay  and  houfe  were  burned  and  the 
child  in  the  cradle  before  they  came  from  the  meeting. 
About  the  fame  time  two  houfes  were  burnt  at  Sud- 
bury. 

By  occafion  of  thefe  fires  I  may  add  another  of  a  differ- 
ent kind,  but  of  much  obfervation.  A  godly  woman  of 
the  church  of  Boflon,  dwelling  foinetimes  in  London, 
brought  with  her  a  parcel  of  very  fine  linnen  of  great  va- 
lue, which  (hefct  her  heart  too  much  upon,  and  had  been 
at  charge  to  have  it  all  newly  wafhed  and  curioufly  fold- 
ed prelfed,  and  fo  left  it  in  prcfs  in  her  parlour  over 

night : 


JOURNAL.  2£3 

night  :  fhe  had  a  negro  maid  went  into  the  room  very  1641. 
late  and  let  fall  {ome  fnuff  of  the  candle  upon  the  linnen,  ^  —w  _j 
fo  as  by  the  morning  all  the  linnen  was  bin  ned  to  tinder, 
and  the  boards  underneath,  and  fome  ftools  and  a  part  of 
the  wainfcot  burnt,  and  never  perceived  by  any  in  the 
houfe,  tho'  iome  lodged  in  the  chamber  over  he,ad,  and  no 
ceiling  between  ;  but  it  pleafed  God  that  the  lofs  of  this 
linnen  did  her  much  good,  both  in  taking  off  her  heart 
from  worldly  comforts,  and  in  preparing  her  for  a  fair 
greater  affliction  by  the  untimely  death  of  her  hufband 
who  was  (lain  not  long  after  at  Ifle  of  Providence. 

The  court  of  elections,  Richard  Bellingham,  Efq.  cho-  £vlo.  4.  3 
fen  Governor.     See  more  a  few  leaves  after. 

This  year  the  two  {hips  were  finifhed,  one  at  Salem  of 
300  tons  and  another  at  Bofton  of  160  tons. 

The  parliament  of  England  fitting  upon  a  general  re- 
formation both  of  church  and  ftatr,  the  earl  of  Strafford 
being  beheaded,  and  the  archbifhop  (our  great  enemy) 
and  many  others  of  the  great  officers  and  judges,  bifhops 
and  others  imprifoned  and  called  to  account,  this  caufed 
all  men  to  (lay  in  England  in  expectation  of  a  new  world, 
fo  as  few  coming  to  us,  all  foreign  commodities  grew 
fcarce,  and  our  own  of  no  price.  Corn  would  buy  no- 
thing— a  cow  which  coft  laft  year  £ZQ  might  now  be 
bought  for  4  or/^5  &e.  and  many  gone  out  of  the  coun- 
try, fo  as  no  man  could  pay  his  debts,  nor  the  merchants 
make  return  into  England  for  their  commodities,  which 
occafionedmany  there  to  fpeak  evil  of  us.  Thefe  ftreights 
fet  our  people  en  work  to  provide  fifh,  clapboards,  plank 
&c.  and  to  fow  hemp  and  flax  (which  profpered  very 
well)  and  to  look  out  to  the  W.  Indies  for  a  trade  for 
cotton.  The  general  court  alf©  made  orders  about  pay- 
ment of  dtbts,  fetting  corn  at  the  wonted  price,  and  pay- 
able for  all  debts  which  fhould  arife  after  a  time  prefixed. 
They  thought  fit  alfo  to  fend  fome  chofen  men  into  Eng- 
land to  congratulate  the  happy  fuccefs  there,  and  to  fatis- 
fy  our  creditors  of  the  true  caufe  why  we  could  not  make 
fo  current  payment  now  as  in  former  years  we  had  done, 
and  to  be  ready  to  make  ufe  of  any  opportunity  God  fhould 
offer  for  the  good  of  the  country  here,  as  allb  to  give  any 
advice,  as  it  {hould  be  required  for  the  fettling  the  right 
form  of  church  difcipline  there^  but  with  this  caution, 
that  they  fhould  not  feek  fupply  of  our  wants  in  any  dis- 
honorable way,  as  by  begging  or  the  like,  for  we  were 
refolved  to  wait  upon  the  Lord  in  the  ufe  of  all  means 

which 


224  GOVERNOR    WINfHROP's 

1641.      which  were  lawful  and  humble.     The  men  chofen  v/ere 

v— v '  Mr.   Hugh  Peters  pallor  of  the   church  in  Salem,  Mr. 

Mo.  4.  Thos.  Welde  paftorof  the  church  in  Roxbury,  and  Mr. 
William  Hibbins  of  Bofton.  There  being  no  (hip  which 
was  to  return  right  for  England,  they  went  to  Newfound- 
land, intending  to  get  a  paflage  from  thence  in  the  fifhing 
fleer.  They  departed  hence  the  gd  of  the  6th  month,  and 
with  them  went  one  of  the  magiftrates  Mr.  Jo.Winthrop, 
jun.  This  aft  of  the  court  did  not  fatisfy  all  the  elders,  and 
many  others  difliked  it,  fuppofing  that  it  would  be*  con- 
ceived we  had  fent  them  on  begging,  and  the  church  of 
Salem  was  unwillingly  drawn  to  give  leave  to  their  paf- 
tor  to  go,  for  the  court  was  not  minded  to  ufe  their  pow- 
er in  taking  an  officer  from  the  church  without  their  con- 
fent,  but  in  the  end  they  and  the  other  churches  fubmit- 
t«d  to  the  dttfire  of  the  court.  Thefe  with  other  paflen- 
gers  to  the  number  of  forty  went  to  Newfoundland,  ex- 
pefting  to  go  from  thence  in  fome  fifliing  (hips.  They 
arrived  there  in  14  days,  but  could  not  go  all  together,  fo 
were  forced  to  divide  themfelves  and  go  from  feveral 
parts  of  the  ifland,  as  they  could  get  (hipping.  The  mi- 
nifters  preached  to  the  feamen  &c.  at  the  ifland,  who 
were  much  affefted  with  the  word  taught,  and  entertain- 
ed them  with  all  courtefy,  as  ws  underftood  by  letters 
from  them  which  came  by  a  fifhing  (hip  to  the  Ides  of 
Shoals  about  the  beginning  of  Oftober. 

21  A  young  man  a  tanner  in  Bofton,  going  to  wafh  him- 
felf  in  a  creek,  faid  je fringly,  I  will  go  and  drown  myfelf 
now,  which  fell  out  accordingly,  for  by  the  flipperinefs 
of  the  earth,  he  was  carried  beyond  his  depth,  and  hav- 
ing no  (kill  to  fwim,  was  drowned,  tho'  company  were 
at  hand,  and  one  in  the  water  with  him. 

Letters  came  from  the  Governor  &c.  of  Connecticut 
for  advice  about  the  difference  between  them  and  the 
Dutch.  The  Dutch  Governor  had  preffedthem  hard  for 
his  intereft  in  all  Hartford  &c.  as  far  as  one  might  fee 
from  their  houfe,  alledging  he  had  purchafed  fo  much  of 
the  Pequods,  and  threatened  force  of  arms.  They  of  the 
river  alledged  their  purchafe  of  other  indians,  the  true 
owners  of  the  place  &c.  with  other  arguments  from  our 
patent  and  that  cf  Say-brook.  We  returned  anfwer 
without  determining  of  either  fide,  but  advifing  to  a  mo- 
derate way,  as  the  yielding  fome  more  land  t*  the  Dutch 
houfe  (for  they  had  left  them  but  30  acres,)  but  the  Dutch 
would  not  be  thus  pacified,  but  prepared  to  fend  foldiers 

ttf 


JOURNAL. 

to  be  billitcd  at  their  houfe,  but  it  pleafed  the  Lord  to 
difappoint  their  purpofe,  for  the  Indians  falling  out  with 
them,killedfour  of  their  m«nat  their  fort  Orange,  whereof 
three  were  Englifh  who  had  gone  to  dwell  among  them, 
whereby  they  were  forced  to  keep  their  foldiers  at  home 
to  defend  themfelves,  and  Mr.  Peters  going  for  England, 
and  being  well  acquainted  with  the  chief  merchants  in 
Holland,  undertook  to  pacify  the  W.  India  company, 
but  for  want  of  commifTion  from  thofe  of  Hartford,  the 
company  there  would  not  treat  with  him. 

About  this  time  three  boys  of  Summer's  ifland  flole  a- 
way  in  an  open  boat  or  fluff,  and  having  been  eight  weeks 
at  fea,  their  boat  was  caft.  away  upon  a  ftrand  without 
Long  Ifland,  and  themfelves  were  faved  by  the  indians. 

A  church  being  gathered  at  Providence  in  the  Weft 
Indies,  and  their  paftor  Mr.  Sherwood  and  another  mi- 
nifter  being  fent  prifoners  into  England  by  one  Carter 
the  Deputy  Governor,  the  reft  of  the  church,  being  but 
five,  wrote  to  our  churches  complaining  of  their  periecu- 
tion  of  their  magiftiates  and  others,  and  defiring  our 
prayers  and  help  from  us,  which  moved  the  churches 
and  magiftrates  more  willingly  to  further  thofe  who  were 
already  refolved  and  preparing  for  that  ifland  :  where- 
upon two  fmall  veflels,  each  of  about  30  tons,  with  di- 
vers families  and  goods,  fo  many  as  they  could  beftow, 
30  men,  5  women  and  8  children  fet  fail  for  the  ifland, 
and  touching  at  Chriftophers,  they  heard  that  a  giear 
fleet  of  Spanifh  (hips  was  abroad,  and  that  it  was  feared 
they  had  taken  Providence,  fo  as  the  mafter  Mr.  Pierce 
a  godly  man  and  mo  ft  expert  mariner  advifed  them  fo  re- 
turn, and  effered  to  bear  part  of  the  lofs,  but  they  not. 
hearkening  to  him,  he  replied,  then  am  I  a  dead  man,  and 
coming  to  the  ifland  they  marvelled  they  law  no  colours 
upon  the  fort,  nor  any  boat  coming  towards  them,  where- 
upon he  was  counfelled  to  drop  an  anchor,  he  liked  the 
advice,  but  yet  ftood  on  into  the  harbour,  and  after  a  fe- 
cond  advice  he  ftill  went  on,  but  being  come  within  pi{- 
tol  fhot  of  one  fort  and  hailing,  and  no  anfwer  made,  he 
put  her  back  a  ftays,  and  being  upon  the  deck,  which 
was  alfo  full  of  paffengers,  women  and  children,  and 
hearing  one  cry  out,  they  are  traverfing  a  piece  at  us,  he 
threw  hirafelf  in  at  the  door  of  the  cuddy,  and  one  Samu- 
el Wakennan  a  member  of  the  church  of  Hartford,  who 
was  fent  with  goods  to  buy  cotton,  caft  himfelf  down  by 
him,  and  prefently  a  great  fhot  took  them  both.  Mr. 
F  f  Pierce 


,6  GOVERNOR     W  1  N  T  R  H  O  P's 

1641.  Pierce  died  within  an  hour,  the  other  having  only  hi* 
•— v— ->  thighs  tore  lived  ten  days.  Mr.  Pierce  had  read  to  the 
company  that  morning  (as  it  fell  in  courfe)  that  in  Gen. 
thelaft — Lo  I  die,  but  God^vvill  furcly  vifit  you  and  bring 
you  back  ;  out  of  which  words  he  uied  godly  exhorta- 
tions to  them.  Then  they  {hot  from  all  pi;rts  about  30 
great  {hot  betides  fmall,  and  tore  the  fails  and  fhrouds, 
but  hurt  not  the  bark,  nor  any  perfon  more  in  it.  The 
other  vefiei  was  then  a  league  behind,  which  was  mar- 
velled at  for  flae  was  the  better  failor,  and  could  fetch  wp 
the  other  at  pleafure  ;  but  that  morning  they  could  not 
by  any  means  keep  company  with  her.  After  this  the 
paifengers  being  afhamed  to  return,  would  have  been  fet 
on  fhore  at  Cape  Grace  de  Dros  or  Florida,  or  Virginia, 
but  the  feamen  would  not,  and  thro'  the  wonderful  pro- 
vidence of  God  they  came  all  fafe  home  the  3d  of  yber 
following.  This  brought  fowne  of  them  to  fee  their  error 
and  acknowledge  it  in  the  open  congregation,  but  others 
were  hardened.  There  was  a  fpecial  providence  in  that 
the  minifters  were  fent  prifoners  into  England  before  the 
ifland  was  taken,  for  otherwife  it  is  moft  probable  they 
had  been  all  put  to  the  fword,  becaufe  fome  Spaniards 
had  been  {lain  there  a  little  before  by  the  deputy  govern- 
or his  command  after  the  Lieut,  had  received  them  upon 
quarter,  in  an  attempt  they  had  made  upon  the  ifland, 
•wherein  they  were  repulfed  with  the  lofs  of  two  or  three 
thoufand  men.  They  took  it  after  and  gave  the  people 
quarter  and  fent  them  home. 

A  like  providence  there  was,  tho'  not  fo  fafe,  in  that 
divers  godly  people  in  their  voyage  to  the  ifland  the  year 
before  were  taken  prifoners  by  the  turks  and  fo  their 
lives  faved  paying  their  ranfom. 

This  year  divers- families  in  Linne  and  Ipfwich  having 
fent  to  view  Long  Ifland,  and  finding  a  very  commodi- 
ous place  far  plantations,  but  challenged  by  the  Dutch, 
they  treated  with  the  Dutch  Governor  to  take  it  from 
them.  He  offered  them  very  fair  terms  as  that  they 
fbould  have  fhe  very  fame  liberties  both  civil  and  cede-; 
•ical  which  they  enjoyed  in  the  MaiTachuletts,  only 
liberty  for  appeal  to  the  Dutch,  asd  after  ten  vearsto  pay| 
the  ioih  of  their  corn.  The  court  were  offended  at  this 
and  fought  to  ftay  them,  not  for  going  from  us,  but  ior 
(rrengtheriirg  the  Dutch  our  doubtful  neighbours,  and 
taking  tlaat  from  them  which  our  King  challenged  and 
i.ied  a  patent  of,  with  Martha's  Vineyard  and 


J     O    U     R  4N     A     L.  227 

ether  iflands  thereby  to  the  earl  of  Sterling,  efpecially  For       1641. 
binding  themtelves  by  an  oath  of  fealty  ;   whereupon  di-  ' 
vers  ot  the  chief  being  called  before  the   general  court  in 
8ber,  and  reafons  laid  clown  tp  difluade  them,  they  were 
convinced  and  promifed  to  defift. 

This  lummer  the  merchants  of  Boston  fet  out  a  veflel 
again  to  the  ifle  of  Sable,  with  12  men,  to  ftay  there  a 
year.  They  fent  again  in  the  8th  month,  and  in  three 
weeks  the  veflel  returned  and  brought  home  400  pr.  of 
lea  horfe  teeth  \vhich  were  efteemed  worth  ^300,  and 
left  all  the  men  well  and  12  ton  of  oil  and  many  fkins 
which  they  could  not  bring  away,  being  put  from  the  if- 
land  in  a  liorm. 

I  muft  here  return  to  fupply  what  was  omitted  con- 
cerning the  proceedings  of  the  laft  court  of  elections. 
There  had  been  much  labouring  to  have  Mr.  Bellingharn 
cholon,  and  when  the  votes  were  numbered  he  had  fix 
moiv  'ban  th*;  others,  but  there  were  divers  who  had  not 
given  in  their  votes  who  now  came  into  the  court  and  de- 
tired  I  heir  liberty  which  was  denied  by  forne  of  the  ma- 
giftratcs  becaufe  they  had  not  given  them  in  at  the  doors* 
But  others  thought  it  was  an  injury,  yet  were  ftlent,  be- 
caufe it  concerned  thernfelves,  tor  the  order  of  giving  in 
their  votes  at  the  door  was  ro  order  of  court,  but  only 
direction  of  foine  of  the  magi (1  rare?,  and  without  queftion., 
if  any  freeman  tender  his  vote  before  the  clettion  be 
pailed  and  publifhed,  it  ought  to  be  received. 

Some  of  the  freemen,  without  the  confent  of  the  ma- 
giflrates  or  Governor,  had  chofcn  Mr.  Nathaniel  Ward 
to  preach  at  this  court,  pretending  that  it  was  a  part  of 
their  liberty.  The  Governor  (whofe  right  indeed  it  is, 
for  'till  the  court  be  affembled  the  freemen  are  but  pri- 
vate per(or^)  would  not  ftrive  about  it,  for  though  it  did 
not  belong  to  them,  yet  if  they  would  have  it,  there  was 
reafon  to  yield  it  to  them.  Yet  they  had  no  ki.r^at  reafon 
to  choofe  him,  tho'  otherwife  very  able,  feeing  lie  had 
cafl  off  his  pallor's  place  at  Ipfwich  and  was  now  no  mi- 
nifrer,  by  the  received  determination  of  our  churches* 
In  his  form  on  he  delivered  many  ufeful  things,  but  in  a 
moral  and  political  difcourfe,  grounding  his  proportions 
much  upon  the  old  Roman  and  Grecian  govern: 
which  fure  is  an  error,  for  if  religion  and  tlx 
God  makes- men  wi for  than  their  neighbours  (and  rhetV. 
times  have  the  advantage  of  ?}\  that  hav--1  ;ror.<;  Ivfore  MS 
in  experience  and  o 


ssS  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P'» 

1641.  thcfc  helps,  w«  may  better  frame  rules  of  government  for 
ourfelvcs  than  to  receive  others  upon  the  bare  authority 
of  the  wifdom,  jaflice '  &c.  of  thofe  heithsn.  common- 
wealths. Among  other  things  he  advifed  the  people  to 
keep  all  their  magiflrates  in  an  equal  rank,  and  not  give 
more  honor  or  power  to  one  than  to  another,  which  is 
cafier  to  advife  than  to  prove,  feeing  it  is  againfl  the  prac- 
tice of  Ifrael  (where  fome  were  rulers  of  thoufands,  and 
fomc  but  of  tens)  and  of  all  nations  known  or  recorded. 
Another  advice  he  gave,  that  magiftrates  fhould  not  give 
private  advice,  and  take  knowledge  of  any  man's  caufe 
before  it  cam.;  to  public  hearing.  This  was  debated  af- 
ter in  the  general  court,  where  fome  of  the  deputies  mov- 
ed to  have  it  ordered,  but  ic  was  oppofed  by  fome  of  the 
magiftrates  upon  thcfe  reafons.  i.  Becaufe  we  inuft 
then  provide  lawyers  to  direct  men  in  their  caufes  2. 
The  magiflrates  rnuft  not  grant  out  original  procefs  as 
now  they  do,  for  to  what  end  are  they  betrufled  with 
this,  but  that  they  fhould  lake  notice  of  the  caufe  of  the 
aftion,  that  they  might  either  divert  the  fuit,  if  the  caufe 
be  unjuft,  or  dire£l  it  in  a  right  ccurfe  if  it  be  good.  3. 
By  this  occafion  the  magiftrate  hath  opportunity  to  end 
many  differences  in  a  friendly  way,  without  charge  to  the 
parties,  or  trouble  to  the  court.  4.  It  prevents  many 
difficulties  and  tcdioufnefs  to  the  court  to  underftand  the 
caufe  aright  (no  advocate  being  allowed,  and  the  parties 
being  not  able,' for  the  moft  part  to  open  the  caufe  fully 
and  clearly  efpecially  in  public.)  5.  It  is  allowed  in 
criminal  caufes  and  why  not  in  civil.  6.  Where  it  is 
objected  that  fuch  magiftrate  is  in  danger  to  be  prejudiced. 
Anfwer,  If  the  thing  be  lawful  and  ufeful  it  rnuft  not  be 
laid  afidefor  the  temptations  which  are  incident  to  it,  for 
in  the  leaft  duties  men  are  expofed  to  great  temptations. 

At  this  court  it  was  ordered  thtt  the  elders  {hould  be 
defircd  to  agree  upon  a  form  of  catechifm  which  might  be 
put  forth  in  print. 

Offence  being  taken  by  many  of  the  people  that  the 
court  had  given  Mr.  Humphry  £250,  the  deputies  mov- 
ed it  might  be  ordered  that  the  court  fhould  not  have 
power  to  grant  any  benevolences  ;  but  it  was  confidered 
that  the  court  could  not  deprive  itfelf  oi  its  honor,  and. 
that  hereby  we  fhould  lay  ablemifh  upon  the  court,  which 
might  do  more  hurt  to  tjje  country  by  weakening  the  re- 
putation of  the  wifdom  'and  faithfulnefs  of  the  court  in 
the  hearts  oi"  the  people,  than  the  money  faved  would  re- 

com- 


JOURNAL, 

compeiica,  therefore  it  was  thought  better  to  oi'dcr  it  by 
way  of  declaration,  as  if  it  were  to  deter  importunity  of 
fuitors  in  this  hand,  that  the  couvt  would  give  no  more 
benevolences  'till  our  debts  were  paid,  and  ftock  in  the 
trcafury,  except  upon  foreign  occafions  &c.. 

There  arofe  a  queftion  in  the  court  about  the  J3unifh- 
ment  of  fingle  fornication,  becaufe  by  the  law  of  God, 
the  man  was  only  to  marry  the  maid,  or  pay  a  fum  of 
money  to  her  father  ;  but  the  cafe  falling  out  between 
two  fervants,  they  were  whipped  for  the  wrong  offered  tb 
the  matter  in  abufing  his  houfc,  and  were  not  able  to 
make  him  other  fatisfa&ion.  The  like  difficulty  a'rofs  a- 
bout  a  rape,  which  was  not  death  by  the  law  of  God,  but 
feecaufe  it  was  committed  by  a  boy  upon  achild  of  7  or  8 
years  old,  he  was  feverely  whipped.  Yet  it  may  feern 
by  the  equity  of  the  law  againfl  fodomy,  that  it  (hould  be 
death,  for  a  man  to  have  carnal  copulation  with  a  girl  fo 
young,  as  there  can  be  no  pollibility  of  generation,  for  it 
is  againft  nature  as  well  as  fodomy  and  buggery. 

At  this  court  the  gentlemen  who  had  the  two  patents 
of  Dover  ftrawberry  bank  at  Pifcat:  in  the  name  of  the 
lords  and  thefe,  granted  all  their  intereft  of  jurifdi&ion 
&c.toour  court,  referving  the  moftof  the  land  to  thefri- 
felves  ;  whereupon  a  commiflion  was  granted  to  Mr. . 
Bradford  and  Mr.  Simonds  with  two  or  three  of  Pifcat  : 
'to  call  a  court  there  and  affemble  the  people  to  take  their 
fubmifl&on  &c.  but  Mr*.  Humphry,  Mr.  Peters  and  Mr. 
Daltonhad  been  fent  before  to  underftand  the  minds  of 
fhe  people,  to  reconcile  fome  differences  between  them, 
and  to  prepare  them.  See  more. 

Mrs.  Hutchinfon  and  thofe  of  Aquiday  ifland  broached 
new  heretics  every  year.     Divers  of  them  turned  profefs- 
ed  anabaptifts,  and  would  not  wear  any  arms,  and  denied 
all  magiftracy  among  chriflians,  and  maintained  that  there 
were  no  churches  fince  thofe  founded  by  the  apoitles  and 
evangelifts,  nor  could  any  be,  nor  any  paftors  ordained, 
'nor  leals  adminiftered  but  by  fuch,  and  that  the  church 
was  to  want  thefe  all  the  time  fhe  continued  in  the  wil- 
derncfs,  as  yet  fhe  was.     Her  fOn  Francis  and  her  fon  in 
law  Mr.  Collins  (who  was  driven  from  Barbadoes  where 
he  had  preached  a  time  and  done  fome  good,  but  fo  foon 
as  he  came  to  her  was  infe&ed  with  her  herefies)  came  to 
Bofton  and  were  there  fent  for  to  come  before  the  Gov- 
ernor and  council,  but  they  refufed  to  come  except  they 
were  brought,  fo  the  officer  led  him,  and  being   conic 

(there 


o  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

641.  (there  were  divers  of  the  elders  prefent)  he  was  charged 
with  a  letter  he  had  written  to  fome  in  our  jurifdiftion, 
wherein  he  charged  all  our  churckes  and  minifters  to  be 
antichriftian,  and  many  other  reproachful  i peeches,  term- 
ing our  king,  king  of  Babylon,  and  fought  to  poffefs  the 
people's  hearts  with  evil  thoughts  of  our  government  and 
of  our  churches  &c.  He  acknowledged  the  letter,  and 
Maintained  what  he  had  written,  yet  fought  to  evade  the 
confefling  there  was  a  true  magirtracy  in  the  world  and 
that  chriftians  mufl  be  fubjeft  to  it.  He  mainlined  alfo 
that  there  were  no  gentile  churches(as  he  termed  them  )fmce 
the  apoflles times,  and  that  none  now  could  ordain  minif- 
ters  &c.  Francis  Hutchinfon  did  agree  with  him  in  fome 
of  thefe,  but  not  refolutely  in  all  ;  but  he  had 'reviled  the 
church  of  Bofton  (being  then  a  member  of  it)  calling  ;er 
a  (trumpet.  They  were  both  committed  to  prHon  ;  and 
it  fell  out  that  one  Stocldard,  being  then  one  of  the  con- 
fables  of  Bofton,  was  required  to  take  Francis  Hutchin- 
fon into  his  cuftody  Hill  the  afternoon,  and  faid  withal 
*o  the  Governor,  fir,  I  carne  to  obferve  what  you  did, 
that  if  you  fhould  proceed  with  a  brother  otherwife  than 
you  ought,  I  might  deal  with  you  in  a  church  way.  For 
this  infolent  behaviour  he  was  committed,  but  being 
dealt  with  by  the  elders  and  others,  he  came  to  fee  his 
error,  which  was  that  he  did  conceive  that  themagiftrate 
ought  not  to  deal  with  a  member  of  the  church  before 
the  church  had  proceeded  with  him.  So  the  next  Lord's 
day  in  the  open  affembly,  he  did  freely  and  very  affec- 
tionately confefs  his  error  and  his  contempt  of  authority, 
and  being  bound  to  appear  at  the  next  court  he  did  the 
like  there  to  the  fatisfaftion  of  all  ;  yet  for  example's 
fake  he  was  fined  2G/~.  which,  tho'  fome  of  the  magiftrates 
would  have  had  it  much  lefs,  or  rather  remitted,  feeing 
his  clear  repentance  and  fatisfaclion  in  public  left  no 
poifon  or  danger  in  his  example,  nor  had  the  common- 
wealth or  any  perfon  fuftained  danger  by  it.  At  the 
fame  court  Mr.  Collins  was  fined  £100  and  Francis 
Hutchinfon  £50  and  to  remain  in  prifon  'till  they  gave 
fecurity  for  it.  We  affefled  the  fines  the  higher,  partly 
that  by  occafion  thereof  they  might  be  the  longer  kept  in 
from  doing  harm  (for  they  were  kept  clofe  prifoners)  and 
alfo  becaufe  that  family  had  put  the  country  to  fo  much 
charge  in  the  fynod  and  other  occafions  to  the  value  of 
^500  at  leaft  :  but  after,  becaufe  the  winter  drew  on,  and 
the  prifon  was  inconvenient,  we  abated  them  to  f^o  and 

£20. 


JOURNAL.  231 

£ZQ — but  they   feemed   not  willing  to  pay  any   thing.       1641. 
They  refufed   to   come  to  the  church  uilemblies  except 
they  were  led,  and  ib  they  came  duly.     At  lail  we  took 
their  own  bonds  for  their  fine,  and  io  clifmiffed  them. 

Other  troubles  aroie  in  the  ifland  by  reaion  of  oneNi : 
Eafon  a  tanner,  a  man  very  bold,  tho*  ignorant,  he  ufing 
to  teach  at  Newport  where  Mr.  Coddington  their  Gov- 
ernor lived,  maintained  that  man  hath  no  power  or  will 
in  himfelf,  but  as  he  is  a&ed  by  God,  and  that  feeing  God 
filled  all  things,  nothing  could  be  or  move  but  by  him, 
and  fo  he  muft  needs  be  the  author  of  fin  &c.  and  that  a 
chriflian  is  united  te  the  effence  of  God.  Being  fhewed 
what  blafphemous  cenfequences  would  follow  hereupon, 
they  profeffed  to  abhor  the  confequences,  but  flill  de- 
fended the  proportions,  which  difcovered  their  igno- 
rance, not  apprehending  how  God  could  make  a  creature 
as  it  were  in  himfelf,  and  yet  no  part  of  his  eflencc,  as  we 
fee  by  familiar  inflantes.  The  light  is  in  the  air,  and  in 
every  part  of  it,  yet  it  is  not  air,  but  a  di{lin£t  thing  from 
it.  There  joined  with  Ni:  Eafon  Mr.  Coddington,  Mr. 
Coggefhali  and  fome  others,  but  their  minifter  Mr.  Clark 
and  Mr.  Lenthall  and  Mr.  Harding  and  fome  others  dif- 
fented  and  publickly  oppofcd,  whereby  it  grew  to  fuch 
heat  of  contention,  that  it  made  a  fchifm  among  them. 

Capt.  Underbill  coming  to  Bofton  was  prefently  ap-  Mo.  7, 
prehended  by  the  Governor's  warrant  to  appear  at  the 
next  court,  and  bound  for  his  good  behaviour  in  the 
mean  time,  which  was  ill  taken  by  many,  feeing  he  did 
not  ftand  prefented  by  any  man,  and  had  been  reconciled 
to  the  church  and  to  the  court  who  had  remitted  his  fen- 
tence  of  banifhment,  and  fliewed  their  willingnefs  to  have 
pardoned  him  fully,  but  for  fear  offence.  And  it  was 
held  by  fome  of  the  magiftrates  that  the  court,  having  re- 
verfedthe  fentence  againfl  him  for  former  mifdemeanors, 
had  implicitly  pardoned  all  other  mifdemeanors  before 
that  time,  and  his  adultery  was  no  more  than  but  a  rnif- 
demeanor  ;  but  to  bind  a  man  to  his  good  behaviour 
when  he  {lands  reconciled  to  the  church  and  common- 
wealth was  certainly  an  error,  as  it  was  alfo  to  commit 
fuch  an  one,  being  not  prefented  ncr  ace  vied.  So  eafily 
may  a  magiftrate  be  milled  on  the  right  hand  by  the  fe- 
cret  whifperings  of  fuch  as  pretend  a  zeal  of  juftice  and 
the  punifhment  of  fin.  The  Governor  caufed  him  to  be 
indi&ed  at  the  next  court,  but  he  was  acquitted  by  pro- 
clamation. 

It 


23- 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 


1641.          It  being  court  time,  about  7  or  S  in  the  evening  there 

v — — v '  appeared  to  the  fouthward  a  great  light,  about   30  or  40 

Mo. 7. 11.  feet  in  length  ;  it  went  very  IwiJFt,  and  continued  about 
a  minute.  It  was  obferved  by 'many  in  the  bay  and  at 
Plimouth  and  New-Haven  &c.  and  it  fcemed  to  all  to  be 
in  the  fame  pofition. 

15  A  great  training  at  Bofton  two  days.  About  1200  men 
were  exercifed  in  moft  forts  of  land  fervice  ;  yet  it  was 
obferved  that  there  was  no  man  drunk,  tho'  there  was 
plenty  of  wine  and  ftrong  beer  in  the  town — not  an  oath 
iworn — no  quarrel,  nor  any  hurt  done. 

The  parliament  in  England  falling  fo  readily  to  reform 
all  public  grievances,  fomc  of  our  people  being  then  in 
London,  prefered  a  petition  to  the  lords  heufe  for  redrefs 
of  that  reftraint  which  had  been  put  upon  {hips  and  paf- 
fengers  to  N.  England,  whereupon  an  order  was  made 
that  we  fhould  enjoy  all  our  liberties  &c.  according  to  our 
patent,  whereby  our  patent  which  had  been  condemned 
and  called  in  upon  an  erroneous  judgment  in  a  quo  war- 
,.g,  ranto  was  now  implicitly  received  and  confirmed.  This 

petition  was  preferred  without  warrant  from  our  court. 
K   (7)  s*        A  day  of  thankfgiving  was  kept  in  all  our  churches  for 
the  good  fuccefs  of  the  parliament  in  England. 

This  year  men  followed  the  fifhing  fo  well  that  there 
was  about  300,000  dry  fi  Pn  fent  to  the  market. 

The  lords  and  gentlemen  that  had  two  patents  at  Pifcat : 
finding  no  mqans  to  govern  the  people  there,  nor  to  ref- 
train  them  from  fpoiling  their  timber  &c.  agreed  to  affign 
their  interefttous  (rcferving  the  greateft  part  of  the  pro- 
priety of  their  Lands.)  So  commiffioners  being  fent  thi- 
ther, the  whole  river  agreed  to  come  under  our  jurifdic- 
tion  under  two  proportions,  i.  If  we  took  them  in  up- 
on a  voluntary  fubmiffion,  then  they  would  have  liberty 
,to  choofe  their  own  magiitrates  &c.  2.  If  we  took  them 
in  a,s  being  within  the  line  of  our  patent,  they  would  then 
fubmit  to  be  as  Ipfwich  and  Salem  &c.  and  would  have 
fuch  liberties  for  felling  timber  &e.  as  they  had  enjoyed 
&c.  and  fo  referred  it  to  the  next  general  court  ;  and  to 
have  courts  there  as  Ipfwich  and  Salem  had.  And  ac- 
cordingly at  the  general  court  in  the  3d  Mo.  next,  they 
fent  two  deputies,  who  being  members  of  the  church 
there,  werefworn  freemen,  and  order  made  for  giving  the 
oath  to  others  at  their  own  court — the  like  liberty  to 
other  courts  for  eafe  of  the  people. 

Mo.  9,8.      Mons'r.  Rochell,  a   Rocheller  and  a  proteftant  come 

from 


JOURNAL.  133 

from  Mons'r  La  Tour,  planted  upon   St.  John's  river  up      1641. 

the  great  bay  on  this  fide   Cape  Sable.     He   brought    no  v * — -> 

letters  with  him, but  only  letters  from  Mr.  Shurt  of  Pema- 
quid,  where  he  left  his  men  and  boat.  He  propounded 
to  us  i.  liberty  of  free  commerce.  This  was  granted. 
2.  A  fli  (lance  again  ft  D.  Aulne  of  Penobfcott  whom  he 
had  war  with.  3.  That  he  might  make  return  of  goods  out 
of  England  by  our  merchants.  In  thefe  two  we  excufed 
any  treaty  with  him,  as  having  no  letter  or  commifiion 
from  La  Tour.  He  was  eourtcoufly  entertained  here, 
and  after  a  few  days'departed. 

Query,  whether  the  following  be  fit  to  be  publifhed. 

The  Governor  Mr.  Bellingham  was  married,  (I  would 
not  mention  fuch  ordinary  matters  in  our  hifiory,  but  by 
occafion  of  fome  rem-trkable  accidents.  The  young  gen- 
tlewoman was  ready  to  be  contracted  te  a  friend  of  his 
who  lodged  -in  his  houfe,  and  by  his  confent  had  pro- 
ceeded io  far  with  her,  when  on  the  fudcien  the  Govern- 
6f  treated  with  her,  and  obtained  her  for  himfelf.  He  f 

excufed  it  bv  the  ftrength  of  his  afte£tion,  and  that  {he 
wa»  not  ablolutely  promifed  to  the  other  gentleman. 
Two  errors  more  he  committed  upon  it.  i.  That  he 
would  not  have  his  contraft  publifhed  where  he  dwelt, 
centrary  to  an  order  of  court.  2.  That  he  married  him- 
felf, contrary  to  the  conftant  practice  of  the  country. 
The  great  inqueft  prefented  him  for  breach  of  the  order 
of  court,  and  at  the  court  folhiwing  in  the  4th  Month, 
the  fecretary  called  him  to  anfwer  the  profet-ution,  but 
he  not  going  off  the  bench  as  the  manner  was,  and  but 
few  of  the  magiftrates  prefcnt,  he  put  it  off  to  another 
time,  intending  to  fpeak  with  him  privately,  and  with 
the  reft  of  the  magiiliates  about  the  cafe,  and  according- 
ly he  told  him  the  reafon  why  he  did  not  proceed,  viz. 
being  unwilling  to  command  him  publicly  to  go  off  the 
bench,  and  yet  not  thinking  it  fit  he  fhould  fit  as  a  judge 
when  he  was  by  law  to  anfwer  as  in  offender.  This  ho 
took  ill,  and  faid  he  would  not  go  off  the  bench  except 
he  were  commanded. 

Archibald  Thomfon  of  Marblehcad  carrying^  dung  to 
his  garden  in  a  canoe  upon  the  Lord's  day,  in  fair  wea- 
ther and  (till  water,  it  funk  under  him  in  the  harbour 
near  the  fhores  and  he  was  never  feen  after.  ' 

One  Knore  of  Charleftown  coming  down  Miflirk  in  a 
fmall  boat  laden  with  wood  was  fouiui  dead  in  it—  i  «*ood 
G  g 


34  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P'» 

1641.  caveat  for  men  not  to  go  fmgle  in  boats  in  fuch  a  feafoa 
*«— "V—«  iJ  of  the  year,  for  it  was  very  ftormy  weather* 
(9)  12.  A  great  temped  of  wind  and  rain  from  the  S.E.  all  the 
night,  as  fierce  as  an  hurricane.  It  continued  very  vio- 
lent at  N.W.  all  the  day  after.  Divers  boats  and  one 
bark  were  caft  away  in  the  harbour  but  (which  was  a 
wonder  to  all)  no  dwelling  houfe  blown  down,  nor  any 
perfon  killed  ;  and  the  day  after  it  came  to  S.E.  again, 
and  continued  all  the  night  with  much  wind  and  rain  ; 
and  thereupon  (it  being  about  the  new  moon)  followed 
the  higheft  tide  which  we  had  feen  fmce  our  arrival 
here. 

The  fummer  pad  was  very  cool  and  wet  fo  as  much  in- 
dian  corn  never  ripened,  tho'  fome  flood  'till  the  2Oth  of 
this  month.  It  was  obferved  that  people  who  fed  upon 
that  corn  were  extraordinarily  infe&ed  with  worms  in 
their  bodies  all  the  year  following,  which  in  fome  was 
we'll  prevented  by  leaving  their  bread  and  feeding  upon 
faltfifh. 

The  Charles  of  Dartmouth  of  400  tons,  lying  at  Pifcat : 
to  take  in  pipe  (laves,  was  forced  from  her  anchors  in  the 
lafl  temped  and  driven  upon  the  rocks  ;  yet  all  her  mafts 
were  before  taken  down  to  be  new  mafted.  There  rode 
by  her  a  fmall  {hip  which  was  fafe.  This  fmali  fhip  was 
before  defpifcd  by  the  men  of  the  greater,  and  they  would 
needs  unrig  their  (hip  upon  the  Lord's  day,  tho'  they 
were  admonifhed  not  to  do  it.  In  the  fame  great  tempeft 
a  ihallop  of  3  tons  rode  it  out  all  night  at  the  head  of 
Cape  Anne,  and  came  in  fafe  after. 

Mr.  Stephen  Batchellor  the  paftor  of  the  chureh  at 
Hampton,  who  had  fuffered  much  at  the  hands  of  the 
bifhops  in  England,  being  about  80  years  of  age,  and  hav- 
ing a  lufly  comely  woman  to  his  wife,  did  folicit  the  chaf- 
tity  of  his  neighbour's  wife,  who  acquainted  her  hufband 
therewith  ;  whereupon  he  was  dealt  with,  bufe  denied  it, 
as  he  had  told  the  woman  he  would  do,  and  complained 
to  the  magiftrates  again  ft  the  woman  and  her  huiband  for 
flandering  him.  The  church  likewife  dealing  with  him, 
'ic  ftiffly  denied  it,  but  loon  after  when  the  Lord's  fupper 
was  to  be  adminiftered,  he  did  voluntarily  confefs  the  at- 
tempt, and  that  he  did  intend  to  have  defiled  her  if  ftie 
would  have  confented.  The  church  being  moved  with 
his  free  confeflfion  and  tears,  filently  forgave  him,  and 
communk  '  tecl  with  him  :  but  after,  finding  how  fcanda- 
Icus  it  \v3i-  they  took  advice  of  other  elders,  and  after 

long 


JOURNAL. 

long  debate  and  much  pleading  and  flandiug  upon  the  1641. 
church's  forgiving  and  being  reconciled  to  him  in  com-  v 
municating  with  him  after  he  had  corifeffed  it,  they  pro- 
ceeded to  eafthimout.  After  this  he  went  on  in  a  vari- 
able courfe,  fometimes  feeming  very  penitent,  foon 
after  again  excufing  hirnfelf,  and  cafting  blame  upon 
others,  efpecially  his  fellow  elder  Mr,  Dalton,  (who  in- 
deed had  not  carried  himfelf  in  this  eaufe  fo  well  as  be- 
came him,  and  was  brought  to  fee  his  failing,  and  ac- 
knowledged it  to  the  elders  of  the  other  churches  who 
had  taken  much  pains  about  this  matter)  fo  he  behaved 
himfelf  to  the  elders  when  they  dealt  with  hirn.  He  was 
off  and  on  fora  long  time,  and  when  he  hadfeemed  moft 
penitent,  fo  as  the  church  were  ready  to  have  received 
him  in  agnin,  he  would  fall  back  again,  and  as  it  were  re- 
pent ot  his  repentance.  In  this  time  his  hoqfe,  and  near 
all  his  fub fiance  was  confumed  by  fire.  W-hcn  he  had 
continued  excommunicated  near  two  years,  and  much 
agitation  had  been  about  the  matter,  and  the  church  be- 
ing divided,  fo  ashs  could  not  be  received  in  at  length, 
the  matter  was  referred  to  fame  magiftrates  and  elders, 
and  by  their  mediation  he  was  releafed  of  his  excommu- 
nication, but  not  received  to  his  paflor's  office.  Upon 
bccafion  of  this  meeting  for  mediation,  Mr.  Wilfon  paf- 
tor  of  Bofton  wrote  this  letter  to  him,  (the  letter  is  wor- 
thy infcrting.) 

[The.  lettter  is  not  in  the  manufcript.   Edit."] 

The  general  court  held  in  the  ioth  month-  paft  was  full 
of  uncomfortable  agitations  and  contentions*  The  prin- 
cipal occafion  (for  hiftory  muft  tell  the  whole  truth)  was 
from  the  Governor,  who  being  a  gentleman  of  good  re- 
pute in  England  for  wifdom  and  godlincfs,  finding  now 
that  fotne  other  of  the  magidrates  bare  more  fway  with 
the  people  than  himfelf,  and  that  they  were  called  to  be 
of  the  (landing  council  for  life,  and  himfelf  paffed  by,  was 
fo  taken  with  an  evil  fpirit  of  emulation  and  jcaloufy 
(thro'  his  melancolic  difpolition)  as  he  fet  himfelf  in  an 
oppofite  frame  to  them  in  -all  proceedings,  which  did 
much  retard  all  buiinefs,  and  was  occafion  of  g-rief  to  ma- 
ny  godly  minds, and  matter  of  reproach  to  the  whole  court 
in  the  mouths  of  others,  and  brought  himfelf  low  in  th-s 
cy«s  of  thofe  with  whom  formerly  he  had  been  in  honor. 
Some  inftanccs  I  will  give. 

There  fell  out  a  cafe  between  Mr.  Dudly   one  of  the 
council,  and  Mr.  Howe  a  ruling  aider   of  the  chu~c!i  of 

Wa- 


6  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P'« 

1641.  Watertown  about  a  title  to  a  mill.  The  cafe  is  too  long 
—sr — '•*  here  to  report,  but  it  was  fo  clear  on  Mr.  Dudley's  part 
both  in  law  .and  equity  (mod  of  the  rnagiflrates  alfo  and 
deputies  concurring  therein)  as  the  elders,  being  defired 
to  be  prefeni  at  the  hearing  of  the  cafe, they  alfo  con  fen  ted 
with  ttee  judgement  of  the  court,  before  the  cafe  was  put 
to  vote, — and  (ome  of  them  humbly  advifed  the  court  that 
it  would  begreailv  to  their  difhonor.  and  an  apparent  in- 
juftice.  if  they  fhould  otherwife  determine  :  notwithfbmd- 
ing,  h,e  ftill  lab-.mred  to  h;.ve  the  caufe  carried  againft 
Mr.  Dudlcv— reproved  fome  of  ihe  elders  for  their  faith- 
ful advice — :ook  upon  him  to  anfwer  all  he  Arguments, 
but  fo  weakly  as  many  were  afhamed  at  it, and  in  reading 
an  order  of  rourt  whereupon  theiffue  of  the  cafe  chiefly 
depended,  lie  fought  to  help  himfelf  by  fuch  unworthy 
fhifts,  as  interpreting  fome  things  ao  >.inft  the  very  letter 
and  common  fen fc-.  wholly  omitting  the  moft  material 
part  &c. — re f u fin-.;  to  put  things  to  the  vote  that  made  a- 
gainft  his  purpo.Ce  &c.  that  all  might  fee  by  what  fpirit 
He  was  led. 

Another  cafe  fell  out  about  Mr.  Maverick  of  Nottles 
ifland  who  had  been  formerly  fined,  £100  for  giving  en- 
tertainment to  Mr.  Owen  and  one  Hale's  wife  who  had 
efcaped  out  of  prifon  where  they  had  been  put  for  no- 
torious fufpicion  of  adultery,  as  fhall  after  be  (hewed. 
The  court  upon  his  petition  had  referred  it  to  the  ufual 
committee  who  made  return  that  their  opinion  was,  the 
court  might  do  well  to  remit  it  to  £60  which  he  knew 
Xvould  pleafe  fome  of  the  council  well,  who  had  often  de- 
clared their  judgment  that  fines  fhould  be  fo  impofsd  as 
they  might  upon  occafion  be  moderated.  So  when  the 
petition  was  returned  to  him  he  takes  it  and  alters  the 
fum  from  £60  to  ^80  without  acquainting  the  court 
therewith,  nor  would  fay  that  he  had  done  it  when  the 
committee  informed  the  court  of  the  alteration,  before 
the  fccretary  charged  him  with  it.  Then  he  faid  he  did 
it  in  jcft,  and  when  the  fecretary  faid  he  had  reformed  it, 
and  the  court  called  to  h*ve  it  put  to  the  vote,  he  refufed, 
and  ftirred  up  much  heat  and  contention  about  it,  fo  in 
the  end  the  court  required  the  deputy  to  put  it  to  the 
vote. 

Upon  thefe  and  other  mifcarriages  the  deputies  con- 
fulted  together,  and  fent  up  their  fpeaVer,  with  forne 
Others,  to  give  him  a  folemn.  admonition,  which  was 

never 


JOURNAL,  §37 

never  done  to  any  Governor  before,  nor  was   it  in  their 
power  without  ?he  magistrates  ha-i  joined. 

Thefe  continual  oopofuions  and  cielavs  tending  to  the 
hindrance  and  perverting  of  jnftice,  afforded  much  oc- 
cafion  of  gncfto  ail  the  magtftrates.  efpecially  to  Mr. 
Dudley,  who  being  a  very  wife  and  jud  man,  and  one 
that  would  not  be  trodden  under  foot  of  any  man,  took 
occafion  (alledging  his  age  &c.)  to  tell  the  court  that  he 
was  refelved  to  leave  his  place,  and  therefore  defired 
them  again  ft  the  next  court  of  elections  to  think  of  fome 
oth^r.  The  court  was  much  affecled  with  it,  and  in- 
treated  him,  with  manifedat.ion  of  much  affe&ion  and 
refpect  towards  him  to  leave  off  thefe  thoughts,  and  of- 
fered him  4ny  eafe  and  liberty  that  his  age  and  infirmities 
might  (land  in  ne?d  of,  but  he  continued  refolute. 
Thereupon  the  Governor  alfo  made  a  fpeech,  as  if  he  de- 
fired  to  leave  his  pi  ice  of  magiflracy  alfo,  but  he  was  fain 
to  make  his  own  an  Tver,  for  no  man  defired  him  to  keep, 
or  to  confider  better  of  it. 

This  fefnon  continued  taree  weeks,  and  eftablifhed 
100  laws,  which  were  called  the  Body  of  Liberties.  They 
had  been  compofed  by  Mr.  Nathaniel  Ward  (Sometime 
pador  of  the  church  of  Ipfwich  :  he  had  been  a  minifter 
in  England,  and  formerly  a  ftudent  and  pracYifer  in  the 
courfe  of  the  common  lav/)  and  h*d  been  revifed  and 
altered  by  the  court,  and  fent  forth  into  every  town  to. 
be  further  confidered  of,  and  now  again  this  court,  they 
were  revifed,  amended  and  prefenfed,  and  fo  eftablifh- 
ed  for  three  years,  by  that  experience  to  have  them  fully 
amended  and  eftablifhed  to  be  perpetual. 

At  this  feflion  Mr.  Hathorn  one  of  the  deputies,  and 
ufually  one  of  their  fpeakers,  made  a  motion  t©  fome 
other  of  the  deputies  of  leaving  out  two  of  their  an- 
cienteft  magiftrates,  becaufe  they  were  grown  poor,  and 
fpake  reproachfully  of  them  under  that  motion.  This 
coming  to  Mr.  Cotton  his  knowledge,  he  took  occafion 
from  his  text  the  next  lefture  day,  to  confute,  and  fharp- 
ly  (in  his  mild  manner)  to  reprove  fuch  mifcarriage, 
which  he  termed  a  flighting  or  dishonoring  of  parents, 
and  told  the  country  that  fuch  as  were  decayed  in  their 
eftates  by  attending  the  fervice  of  the  country  ought  to 
be  maintained  by  the  country,  and  not  fet  afide  far  their 
poverty,  being  otherwife  fo  well  gifted,  and  approved  by 
long  experience  to  be  faithful.  This  public  reproof  gave 
fuch  a  check  to  the  former  motion  as  it  was  never  revived 

after 


8  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'* 

1641.  after,  yet  by  what  followed  it  appeared  that  the  fire  from 
which  it  brake  out,  was  only  raked  up,  net  quenched,  as 
will  be  {hewed  anon. 

Mr.  Hathorn  and  fome  others  w«re  very  very  earneft 
to  have  fome  certain  penalty  fet  upon  lying,  fwearing  &c. 
which  the  deputy  and  fome  other  of  the  magiftrates  op- 
pofed,  (not  difliking  to  have  laws  made  againft  theft  or 
any  other  offences  but  in  refpeft  of  the  certain  punifh- 
ment)  whereupon  Mr.  Hathorn  charged  him  witk  feek- 
ing  to  have  the  government  arbitrary  &c.  and  the  matter 
grew  to  fome  heat,  for  the  deputy  was  a  wife  and  a  itout 
gentleman,  and  knew  Mr.  Hathorn  his  neighbour  well, 
but  the  ftrife  foon  fell,  and  there  was  no  more  fpoken  of 
it  that  court.  Yet  this  gave  occafion  to  fome  of  the  ma- 
giftrates  to  prepare  fom«  arguments  againft  the  courfe  in- 
tended, of  bringing  all  punifhments  to  a  certainty.  The 
fcope  of  thefe  reafons  was  to  make  good  this  propofi- 
ftion,  viz.  All  punifhments  except  fuch  as  are  made  cer- 
tain in  the  law  of  God  or  are  not  Fubjeft  to  variation  by 
merit  of  circumftances,  eught  to  be  left  arbitrary  to  the 
wifdom  of  the  judges. 

Reafon  i.  God  hath  left  a  pattern  hereof  in  his  word 
where  fo  few  penalties  are  prefcribed,  and  fo  many  re- 
ferred to  the  judges  ;  and  God*  himfelf  varieth  tke  pu- 
nifhments of  the  fame  offences  as  the  offences  vary  in 
their  circumftances  ;  as  in  rnanflaughter,  in  the  cafe  of 
a  riotous  fon  proving  incorrigible,  in  the  fame  fin  aggra- 
vated by  prefumptuous  theft  &c.  which  are  not  only  rules 
ia  thefe  particular  cafes,  but  to  guide  the  judges  by  pro- 
portion in  all  other  cafes,  as  upon  the  law  of  adultery,  it 
may  be  a  queftion  whether  Bathfheba  ought  to  die  by 
that  law,  in  regard  of  the  great  temptation,  and  the  com- 
mand and  power  of  the  kings  of  Ifrael.  So  that  which 
was*  capital  in  the  men  of  JabeQi  Gilead,  Judges 
in  not  coming  up  to  the  princes  upon  proclamation,  was 
but  conftfcation  of  goods  &c.  in  Ezra  10.  8.  See  ad  Sam. 
$4.  6.  11. 

Reafon  2.  All  punifhments  ought  to  be  juft,  and  of- 
fences varying  fo  much  in  their  merit  by  occafion  of  cir- 
cumftances, it  would  be  unjuft  to  inflift  the  fame  punifh- 
mentupon  the  lea  ft  as  upon  the  greateft. 

3.  juftice  requireth  that  every  caufe  (hould  be  heared 
before  it  be  judged,  which  cannot  be  when  the  fentence 
and  punifhment  if  determined  before  hand. 

4.  Such  parts  and  gifts  at  the  word  of  God  requires 


JOURNAL.  *39 

in  a  judge,  were  not  fo  neceffary  if  all  punifhments  were     1641. 
determined  beforehand.  ^  ^_.^.^.-^ 

5.  God  hath  not  confined  all  wifdom&c.  to  any  one  ge- 
neration that  they  fhould  fet  rules  for  all  others  to  walk  by. 

6.  It  is   againft  reafon  that  fonie  men  (hould  better 
judge  of  the  merit  of  a  caufe  in  the  bare  theory  thereof, 
than  others  (as  wile  and  godly)  (hould  be  able  to  difcern 
of  it  pro  re  nata. 

7.  Difference  of  times,  places  &c.  may   aggravate  or 
extenuate  feme  offences. 

8.  We  mufl  truft  God,   who  can  and  will  provide  as 
wife  and  righteous  judgment  for  his  people  in  time   to 
come  ;  as  in    the   prelent  or  forepafled   times  ;  and   we 
fhould  not  attempt  the  limiting  of  his  providence^  and 
frustrating  the  gifts  of  others  by  determining  all  punifh- 
menls  &c. 

In  theft  and   fome  other  cafes,   as   cafes  capital,  God    Ob, 
hath  prefcribeda  certain  punifhment. 

Ans.  t.  In  theft  &c.  the  law  refpe&s  the  damage  and 
injury  of  the  party,  which  is  ftill  one  and  the  fame,  tho* 
circumftances  may  aggravate  or  extenuate  the  fui.  2.  In 
capital  cafes  death  is  appointed  as  the  higheft  degree  of 
punifhmest  which  man's  juftice  can  reach. 

Then  we  might  as  well  leave  all  laws  arbitrary  at  the    Ob, 
difcretion  of  the  judge. 

Ans.  i.  The  reafon  is  not  like.  i.  God  gave  a  certain 
law  where  he  left  the  puifhment  arbitrary,  fo  as  we  have 
a  clear  rule  to  guide  the  law  where  the  punifhment  may 
be  uncertain.  The  varying  of  the  offence  in  the  circum- 
ftances doth  not  vary  the  ground  or  equity  of  the  law, 
nor  tke  nature  of  the  guilt,  as  it  doth  the  meafure  of  the 
reward.  He  is  as  freely  guilty  of  theft  who  fteals  a  loaf 
of  bread  for  his  hunger,  as  he  that  fteals  an  horfe  for  hit 
pleafure. 

The  fttatutes  in  England  fet  down  a  certain  penalty    Ob. 
for  mod  offences.     Ans.  i.    We  are  not  bound  to  make 
fuch  examples  ourfelves.     2.  The  penalty,  commonly, 
is  not  fo  much  as   the  leaft  degree  of  that  offence  dc- 
f«rves  :  i2d  for  an  oath,  55  for  drunkennefs  £c. 

Thofe  of  Providence,  being  all  anafeaptiftg,  were  di-  Mo.  12. 
vided  in  judgment ;  fotne  were  only  againft  baptizing  of 
infants  ;  others  denied  all  magiftracy  and  churches  &c. 
of  which  Gorton,  who  had  lately  been  whipped  at  Aqui- 
day  as  is  before  mentioned,  was  their  infiruftor  and  cap- 
tain. Thcfe  being  two  ftrong  for  the  other  party,  pro- 
voked 


o  GOVERNOR    WINTRHOP's 

1641.  vokcd  them  by  injuries,  fo  as  they  came  armed  into  the 
field,  each  againil  other,  but  Mr.  Williams  pacified  them 
for  the  prefent.  This  occasioned  the  weaker  party  to  write 
a  letter  under  all  their  hanas,  to  our  Governor  and  ma- 
gii'h-aus,  complaining  of  the  wrongs  they  fuffered,  and 
defiring  aid,  or  if  not  that,  couniel  from  us.  We  an- 
fwered  them  that  \ve  could  not  levy  any  \var  &c.  with-0 
a  general  court.  For  counfcl  we  told  rhem,  that  except 
they  did  fubmit  themfelves  to  fome  jurifdi&ion,  either 
Plimouth  or  our's,  we  had  no  calling  or  warrant  to  in-  j 
terpofe  in  their  contentions,  but  if  they  were  once  tub- 
je&  to  any.  then  they  had  a  calling  i.r»  protecl  them. 
After  this  anfwer  we  heard  no  more  from  them  for  a 
time. 

The  froft  was  fo  great  and  continual  this  winter  that 
all  the  bay  was  frozen  over,  fo  much  and  fo  long,  as  the 
like,  by  the  indians  relation,  had  not  been  thefe  4oyearSj 
and  it  continued  from  the  i8th  of  this  month,  to  the  21  ft 
of  the  i2ih  month  ;  fo  as  horfe  and  carts  went  over  in 
many  places  where  {hips  have  failed.  Capt.  Gibons  and 
his  wife  with  divers  on  foot  by  them,  came  riding  from 
his  farm  at  Pull«n  point,  right  over  to  Bofton  the  i7th  * 
of  the  i2th  mo.  when  it  had  thawed  fo  much  as  the  wa- 
ter was  above  the  ice  half  a  foot  in  fome  places  ;  and 
they  paffed  with  loads  of  wood  and  fix  oxen  from  mud-  . 
dy  river  to  Bofton,  and  when  it  thawed  it  removed  great 
rocks  of  above  a  ton  or  more  weight,  a*id  brought  them 
on  fhore.  The  fnow  likewife  was  very  deep  efpecially 
northward  about  Acomenticus  above  three  feet,  and  much 
moie  beyond.  It  was  frozen  alfo  to  fea  fo  far  as  one 
could  well  difcern. 

To  the  fouthward  alfo  the  froft  was  as  great  and  the 
fnow  as  deep,  and  at  Virginia  itfelf  the  great  bay  was 
much  of  it  frozen  over,  and  all  their  great  rivers,  fo  as 
they  loft  much  cattle  for  want  of  hay,  and  moft  of  their 
fwine. 

There  was  a  ihallop  with  eight  men  to  go  from  Pifeat : 
to  Pemaquid  about  the  beginning  of  the  froft,  they  would 
needs  fet  forth  upon  the  Lord's  day,  tho' forewarned  &c. 
Th«y  were  taken  with  a  N.W.  tempeft  and  put  ta< 
fea  about  14  days  :  at  length  they  recovered  Monhigen. 
Four  of  them  died  with  cold,  the  reft  were  difcovered 
by  a  fiiherman  a  good  time  after  and  fo  brought  off  the 
ifland. 

There  was  great  fear  left  much  huit  might  have  been 

done 


J     O     U     R     N     A.    L.  241 

clone  upon  the  breaking  up  of  the  fro  ft  (men  and  beaOs  1641. 
were  grown  Co  cold)  but  by  the  good  providence  of  God,  v— -— •. — ^ 
not  one  pecfon  mifcarried  fave  one  Warde  of  Salem,  an 
honeft  young  man,  who  going  to  fh~w  a  traveller  the  fitf- 
eftpaflage  over  the  river,  as  he  thought,  by  the  falthoufe, 
fell  in,  and  the'  he  had  a  pitch  fork  in  his  hand,  yet  was 
prefently  carried  under  the  ice  by  the  tide.  The  travel- 
ler fell  in  with  one  leg  while  he  went  to  help  the  other, 
but  God  preferred  him.  lie  had  about  him  ail  the  letters 
from  England  v/hich  v/ere  brought  in  a  (hip  newly  ar- 
rived at  the  ifle  of  flioals,  which  fure  were  the  occafion 
of  God's  prefarving  him,  more  ban  any  goodnefs  of  the 
man.  Mo  ft  of  the  bridge  were  broken /down  and  divers 
mills.  f 

About  thi*  <-ime  one  Turner  of  CharleRown  a  man  of 
about  .50  years  of  age,  having  led  a  loofe  and  diforderly 
life,  and  being  wounded  in  conference  *t  a  icrT.cn  of  Mr. 
Shepherd's,  he  kept  it  in  and  did  not  difccver  his  diftrefi 
to  fuch  as  might  have  oiTcred  him  help  &c.  nor  did  at- 
tend upon  the  public' means  as  he  ought  to  have  done, 
and  after  a  good  ("pace  he  went  out  from  his  wife  on  the 
Lord's  day  at  night,  having  kept  at  home  ail  that  day, 
and  drowned  himfelf  in  a  little  pit  where  was  not  above 
two  feet  water. 

At  New  Haven  there  was  a  fow  which  among  oilier 
pigs  had  one  without  hair,  and  feme  oilier  human  refem- 
blances,  it  had  alfo  one  eye  blemifhed,  juft  like  one  eye  of 
a  loofe  fellow  in  the  town,  which  occafioned  him  to  be 
fufpefted,  and  being  examined  before  the  magii1rat.es,  he 
confeiTsd  the  faft,  for  which,  after  they  had  written  to  us, 
and  fome  other  places  for  advice,  they  put  him  to  death. 

Three  men  coming  in  a  fhailop  from  Brantrce, 
the  wind  taking  them  fi-iort  at  Caille  ifland,  one  of  them 
flopping  forward  to  hand  the  fail,  caufed  a  fowling  piece 
with  a  frcnch  lock,  which  lay  in  the  boat,  to  go  off.  The 
\vhole  charge  went  through  the  thigh  of  one  man  .within 
one  inch  of  his  belly,  yet  miffed  the  bone,  then  the  fhot 
(being  goofe  fhot)  fcattered  a  little  and  (IrueV  the  adman 
under  his  right  fide  upon  his  breaft,  fo  as  above  40  (hot 
entered  his  body,  many  into  the  capacity  of  his  breaft. 
The  3d  man  being  now  only  able  to  fterr,  but  not  to  get 
home  the  boat,  it  pleafed  God  the  wind  favored  him  fo 
as  he  did  fetch  the  Governor's  g*n!en,  and  there  being  a 
fmall  boat  and  men  at  jhat  time,  they  brought  them  to 
Bofton  before  they  were  too  far  front  with  cold  and  p 

II  h    '  and 


,a  i,  O  V  F.  R  N  O  R     W  1  N  T  H  R  O  P  s 

164-.!.  and  beyond  all  expectation,  they  were  both  foon  per- 
fectly recovered,  yet  he  who  was  {hot  in  the  bread  fell  in- 
to a  fever  and  fpil  blood. 

One  Jo.  Turner  a  merchant's  fa&or  of  London  had 
gone  from  hence  to  the  W.  Indies  the  year  before  in  a 
imall  pinnace  of  15  tons  and  returned  with  great  advan- 
tage in  indigo,  pieces  of  8  &c.  He  faid  he  got  them  by 
trade,  buf  it  was  iufpcfted  he  got  them  by  prize.  He  pre- 
pared a  bigger  veflel  and  well  manned  in  the  beginning 
of  winter,  and  putting  to  fea  was  forced  in  again  three 
twines,  i.  by  a  leak.  2.  by  contrary  wind,  and  3.  he  fpent 
his  rnaft  in  fair  weather,  and  having  gotten  a  new  at 
Cape  Anne,  and  towing  it  towards  the  bay,  he  loft  it  by 
the  way,  and  fo  by  thefe  occalions  and  by  the  fro  ft,  he 
was  kept  in  all  winter :  thereupon  he  gave  over  hi« 
voyage  and  went  to  Virginia  and  there  fold  his  veifel  and 
(hipped  himfelf  and  his  commodities  in  a  dutch  (hip  for 
the  W.  Indies. 

Mr.  William  Afpenwall  who  had  been  banifhed,  as  is 
before  declared,  for  joining  with  Mr.  Wheelwright,  being 
licenfed  by  the  general  court  to  come  and  tender  his  fub- 
mifuon  &c.  was  this  day  reconciled  to  the  church  of  Bof- 
ton.  He  made  a  very  free  and  full  acknowledgment  of 
hi*  error  and  fedncement,  and  that  with  much  deteftation 
of  his  fin.  The  like  he  did  after,  before  the  magiftrates, 
who  were  appointed  by  the  court  to  take  his  fubmiflion, 
and  upon  their  certificate  thereof  at  the  next  general 
court,  his  ieiitence  of  banifhment  was  releafed. 

It  is  obfervable  how  the  Lord  oloth  honor  his  people! 
andjuftify  their  ways  even  before  the  heathen  when  their 
proceedings  are  true  and  juft,  as  appears  by  this  inftance, 
Thole  at  New-Haven  intending  a  plantation  at  Delaware, 
fcnt  fome  men  to  purchafe  a  large  portion   of  land  of  thcj 
indians  there,  hut  they  refufed  to  deal  with  them.     It  (c 
fell  out  that  a  Pequod  fachem   (being  fled  his  country  ir 
our  war  with  them,  and   having  feated  himfelf  with   hi: 
company  upon  that    river  ever  fince,)    was    acciden- •• 
thereat  that  time,  he  taking  notice  of  the  Englifti    a 
their  deftre,   perfuaded  the    other  fachem  to   deal    will 
them,  and  told  him  that  howfoever  they   had  killed   hi 
countrymen  and   driven   him   out,    yet  they  were  honci 
men,  and  had  juft  caufe  to  do  as  they  did,  for  the  Pequod 
had  done  them  wrong,  and  refufed  to  give  inch  reafona 
ble  iatisfa&ion  as   was  demanded  of  them  :  whcreupo 

th 


J     O    U     R     N     A     L. 

thefachem  entertained  them  and  let  them  have  what  land 
they  defired. 

A  general  fad  was  k-^pt  for  our  native  country  and  Ire-      2.   i 
land,  and  our  own  occasions. 

The  fpring  began  very  early,  and  the  weather  was  ve- 
ry mild,  but  the  3d  and  4th  month  proved  very  wet  and 
cold,  fo  that  the  low  meadows  were  much  fpeiled,  and  at 
Connefticut  they  had  fuch  a  flood  as  brake  their  bridges 
and  killed  all  their  winter  corn,  and  forced  them  to  plant 
much  of  their  indian  over. 

The  laft  winter  divers  veflels  were  cafl^away  to  the 
fouthward,  one  at  Long-Ifland,  wherein  8  or  9  perfons 
were  drowned.  Thefe  were  loofe  people  who  lived  by 
trucking  with  the  indians. 

The  Ihip  Eleanor  of  London,  one  Mr.  Jugle  mafler,  Mo. 3. 9. 
arrived  at  Rofton.  She  was  laden  with  tobacco  from 
Virginia,  and  having  been  about  14  days  at  lea,  (he  was 
takcMi  with  fuch  a  tempeft,  as  tho'  all  her  fails  were  down 
and  m  ide  up,  yet  they  wer«  blown  from  the  yards,  and 
(he  was  laid  only  on  one  fide  s|  hours,  fo  low  as  the  wa- 
ter flood  upon  her  deck,  and  the  fea  over-raking  her  con- 
tinually, and  the  day  was  as  dark  as  if  it  had  been  night, 
and  tho'  they  had  cut  her  mafts,  yet  (he  righted  not  'till 
the  tempeft  afTwaged.  She  ftaid  here  'till  the  4.  of  the 
(4)  and  was  well  fitted  with  mafts,  Tails,  rigging  and  vic- 
tuals at  fuch  reafbnable  rates  as  the  rrufter  was  much  af- 
fefted  with  his  entertainment,  and  profefsed  that  he  ne- 
ver found  the  like  ufage  in  Virginia  where  he  had  traded 
thefe  ten  vea-^s. 

Capt.  Underbill  finding  no  employment  here  that 
would  maintain  him  and  his  family,  and  having  good  of- 
fers made  him  by  the  Dutch  Governor  (he  fpeaking  the 
Dutch  tongue  and  his  wife  a  Dutch  woman)  had  been 
with  the  Governor,  and  being  returned  cleared  the 
church's  leave  to  depart.  The  church  underdanding 
that  the  Englifh  at  Stamford  near  the  Dutch,  had  offer- 
ed him  employment  and  maintenance  (after  their  ability) 
advifed  him  rather  to  go  thither  feeing  they  were  o  .r 
countrymen  and  in  a  church  ci^atc.  He  accepted  this 
advice.  His  wife  being  more  forward  to  this  contented, 
and  the  church  furnifhed  him  out,  and  provided  a  pin- 
nace totranfport  him  ;  but  when  he  came  there  lie  chang- 
ed his  mind,  or  at  lead  his  courfe,  and  went  to  the  Dutch. 

The  court  ofeleftions  was.     Mr.  Wintlti,  p  was  «g<jm        ^ 
chofen  Governor,    and    Mr,    F.nciu'ott    Dcp.    Governor. 

1  his 


*4»  I,  OVF.  RNOR     W1NTHROP'* 

164:1.      and    beyond  all    expectation,  they  were  both  foon  pcr- 
v sr — '  fettly  recovered,  yet  he  who  was  (hot  in  the  bread  fell  in- 
to a  fever  and  fpit  blood. 

One  Jo.  Turner  a  merchant's  fa£lor  of  London  had 
gone  from  hence  to  the  W.  Indies  the  year  before  in  a 
irnall  pinnace  of  15  tons  and  returned  with  great  advan- 
tage in  indigo,  pieces  of  8  &c.  He  laid  he  got  them  by 
trade,  bur  it  was  fuipccted  he  got  them  by  prize.  He  pre- 
pared a  bigger  veflel  and  well  manned  in  the  beginning 
of  winter,  and  putting  to  fea  was  forced  in  again  three 
f^jru-s.  i .  by  a  leak.  2.  by  contrary  wind,  and  3.  he  fpent 
his  rnaft  in  fair  weather,  and  having  gotten  a  new  at 
Cape  Anna,  and  towing  it  towards  the  bay,  he  loft,  it  by 
the  way,  and  fo  by  thele  occaiiqns  and  by  the  fro  ft,  he 
was  kept  in  all  winter  :  thereupon  he  gave  over  his 
voyage  and  went  to  Virginia  and  there  fold  his  veifel  and 
{hipped  himfelf  and  his  commodities  in  a  dutch  (hip  for 
the  W.  Indies. 

Mo.i.a;.  Mr.  William  Afpenwall  who  had  been  banifhed,  as  is 
before  declared,  for  joining  with  Mr.  Wheelwright,  being 
licenfed  by  the  general  court  to  come  and  tender  his  fub- 
miilion  &c.  was  this  day  reconciled  to  the  church  of  Bof- 
ton.  Ke  made  a  very  free  and  full  acknowledgment  of 
his  error  and  feducemcnt,  and  that  with  much  deteftation 
of  his  fin.  The  like  he  did  after,  befora  the  magiftrates, 
who  were  appointed  by  the  court  to  take  his  fubmiflion, 
and  upon  their  certificate  thereof  at  the  next  general 
court,  his  lenience  of  banifhment  was  releafed. 

It  is  obfervable  how  the  Lord:  oloth  honor  his  people 
andjuftify  their  ways  even  before  the  heathen  when  their t 
proceedings  are  true  and  juft,  as  appears  by  this  inftance. 
Thoie  at  New-Haven  intending  a  plantation  at  Delaware, 
fcnt  fome  men  to  purchafe  a  large  portion  of  land  of  the 
indians  there,  but  they  refuted  to  deal  with  them.  It  (o 
feii  out  that  a  Pcquod  fachem  (being  fled  his  country  in 
our  war  with  them,  and  having  feated  himfelf  with  his 
company  upon  that  river  ever  fince,)  was  accidentally 
there  at  that  time,  he  taking  notice  of  the  Engliih  aud 
their  deiire,  perfuadcd  the  other  fachern  to  deal  with 
them,  and  told  him  that  how feever  they  had  killed  his 
countrymen  and  driven  him  out,  yet  they  were  honcft 
men,  and  had  juft  caufe  to  do  as  they  did,  for  the  Pequod* 
had  done  them  wrong,  and  refufed  to  give  inch  reaiona- 
bie  i<itisf«&ion  as  was  demanded  of  them  :  whereupon 


JOURNAL,  9.J3 

the  fachem  entertained  them  and  let  them  have  what  land      1642. 
they  defired,  v_^ / 

A  general  fait  was  kept  for  our  native  country  and  Ire-      2.   1 4. 
land,  and  our  own  oc^alions. 

The  fpring  began  very  early,  and  the  weather  was  ve- 
ry mild,  but  the  3d  and  4th  month  proved  very  wet  and 
cold,  (o  that  the  low  meadows  were  much  fpeiled,  and  at 
Connecticut  they  had  fuch  a  flood  as  brake  their  bridges 
and  killed  all  their  winter  corn,  and  forced  them  to  plant 
much  of  their  indian  over. 

The  laft  winter  divers  veflcls  were  ca ft  away  to  the 
fouthward,  one  at  Long-Ifland,  wherein  8  or  9  perfons 
were  drowned.  Thefe  were  loofe  people  who  lived  by 
trucking  with  the  indians. 

The  Oiip  Eleanor  of  London,  one  Mr.  Jugle  mafter,  Mo. 3.9.  , 
arrived  at  Bofton.  She  was  laden  with  tobacco  from 
Virginia,  and  having  been  about  14  days  at  lea,  (he  was 
taken  with  fuch  a  tempeft,  as  tho'  all  her  fails  were  down 
and  made  up,  yet  they  wer«  blown  from  the  yards,  and 
(he  was  laid  only  on  one  fide  2  J  hours,  fo  low  as  the  wa- 
ter flood  upon  her  deck,  and  the  fea  over-raking  her  con- 
tinually, and  the  day  was  as  dark  as  if  it  had  been  night, 
and  tho'  they  had  cut  her  marts,  yet  (he  righted  not  'till 
the  tempeft  afTvvaged.  She  ftaid  here  'till  the  4.  of  the 
(4)  and  was  well  fitted  with  mafts,  fails,  rigging  a°d  vic- 
tuals at  fuch  reafbnable  rates  as  the  rn*fter  was  much  af- 
fefted  with  his  entertainment,  and  profefsed  that  he  ne- 
ver found  the  like  ufage  in  Virginia  where  he  had  traded 
thffc  ten  vea-js. 

Capt.  Underbill  finding  no  employment  here  thst 
would  maintain  him  and  his  family,  »nd  having  good  of- 
fers made  him  by  the  Dutch  Governor  (he  fpcaking  the 
Dutch  tongue  and  his  wife  a  Dutch  woman)  had  been 
with  the  Governor,  and  being  returned  clefired  the 
church's  leave  to  depart.  The  church  understanding 
that  the  Englifh  at  Stamford  near  the  Dutch,  had  offer- 
ed him  employment  and  maintenance  (after  their  ability) 
advifed  him  rather  to  go  thither  feeing  they  were  our 
countrymen  and  in  a  church  cfrate.  He  accepted  this 
advice.  His  wife  being  more  forward  to  this  contented, 
and  the  church  furniflied  him  out,  and  provided  a  pin- 
nace totranfport  him  ;  but  when  he  came  there  he  chang- 
ed his  mind,  or  at  lea  ft  his  courfe,  and  went  to  the  Dutc.'i. 

The  court  of  elections  was.     Mr.  Winthi>-  p  was  again        ;^ 
chofen  Governor,    and    Mr,   F.ncneott    Dep.    Governor. 

1  hi* 


4  GOVERNOR     WINTRHOP'* 

1642.  This-being  done,  Mr.  Dudley  wenfe  away,  and  though  h* 
— vr-*-'  were  chofen  an  affiftant,  yet  he  would  not  accept  it. 
Some  of  the  elders  went  to  his  houfe  to  deal  with  him, 
hisanfwer  was,  that  he  had  fufticient  reafons  to  excufa 
and  warrant  his  refufal,  which  he  did  not  think  fit  to 
publifh,  but  he  would  impart  to  any  one  or  two  of  them 
whom  they  fhould  appoint,  which  he  did  accordingly. 
The  eiders  acquainted  the  court  with  what  they  had  done, 
but  not  with  tne  reafons  of  his  refuted,  only  that  they 
thought  them  not  fufficiccnt.  The  court  fcnt  a  magif- 
tr«st«  utici  two  deputies  to  defire  him  to  come  to  the  court, 
for  as  a  counfellor  he  was  to  aflift  in  the  general  court. 
The  next  day  he  came,  ir.d  after  forne  excufe  he  con  fen  t- 
cd  to  accept  ihtf  place,  fo  that  the  court  would  declare 
that  if  ar  any  time  he  fKoulti  depart  out  of  the  jurifdic-* 
tion  (which  he  pi  lie  did  not  intend)  no  oath,  ei- 

ther of  officer,  countellor  or  afliftant  i'hould  hold  him  in 
any  bond  which  he  flood.  Hedefired  not  for  his  own 
fitisfaftion,  but  that  it  might  be  a  fatisfa&ion  to  others 
•who  might  fcmule  his  liberty  herein.  After  much  de- 
bate the  court  made  a  general  order  which  gave  him  la- 
tis  faction. 

One  Mr.  Blinman  a  minifter  in   Wales,   a  godly   and 
able  man,  coma  over  with  Ibine  friends  of  his,  and  being 
invited  to  Green's   harbour  near   Plimoutb,   they   went 
thither,  but  'ere  the  year  was  expired,  there  fell  out  fame 
difference  among  them,  which  by  no  means  could  be  re- 
conciled, fo  as  they  agreed  to  part,  and  he  came  with  his: 
company  and  fjit  down   at  Cape   Anne    which  at  this, 
court  was  eftablifhed  to  be  a  plantation,  and  called  Glo- 
cefler. 

A  book  was  brought  into  the  court  wherein  the  infti-r 
tution  of  the  {landing  council  was  pretended  to  be  a  fin- 
ful  innovation.  The  Governor  moved  to  have  the  con- 
tents of  the  book  examined,  and  then,  if  there  appeared 
caufe,  to  inquire  after  the  author.  But  the  greatsft  part 
of  the  court  having  fome  intimation  of  the  author,  of 
whofe  honeft  intentions  they  were  well  perfuaded,  would 
not  confent,  only  they  permitted  it  to  be  read,  but  not  to 
be  fpoken  unto,  but  would  have  inquiry  firft  made  how 
it  came  into  the  court  :  where  upon  it  was  found  to  have 
been  made  by  Mr.  Saitonftall  one  of  the  affiftants,  and 
by  him  fent  to  Mr.  Hathorn  (then  a  deputy  of  tha  court) 
to  be  tcndred  to  the  court,  if  he  (hould  approve  of  it." 
Mr.  Hathorn  did  not  acquaint  the  court  with  it,  but  de- 
livered 


JOURNAL  145 

liyercd  it  to  one  of  the  freemen  to  con  fider  of,  with  whom  1642. 
it  remained  about  half  a  year  'till  he  delivered  it  to  Mr.  v 
Dudley.  This  difcovery  being  made,  the  Governor  mov- 
ed again  that  the  matter  of  the  book  might  be  considered, 
but  the  court  could  not  agree  to  it  except  Mr.  Sahon- 
ilall  were  firft  acquit  from  any  cenfure  concerning  the 
laid  book.  This  was  thought  to  be  a  courfe  out  of  all 
order,  and  upon  that  fome  palftgss  very  ofFen five  and 
unwarrantable  wera  mentioned,  about  which  alfo  the 
court  being  divided,  the  Governor  moved  to  take  the  ad- 
vice of  the  elders  concerning  the  foundnefs  of  the  pro- 
pofitions  and  arguments.  This  the  court  would  not  al- 
low neither,  except  the  whole  caufe  were  referred  alfo, 
which  he  thought  fure  they  would  have  accepted,  for  the 
caufe  being  of  a  civil  n A ture,,it belonged  to  the  court,  and 
not  to  the  elders,  to  judge  of  the  merit  thereof.  In  the 
end,  a  day  or  two  af  ?•*,  when  no  further  proceeding  was 
otherwife  like  to  be  had,  it  was  agreed,  that  in  regard  the 
court  was  notjealou*  of  any  evil  intention  in  Mr.  Sal- 
tonftall  &c.  and  that  when  he  did  write  and  deliver  it 
(as  was  fuppofed)  there  was  an  order  in  force  which  gave 
liberty  to  every  freeman  to  confider  and  deliver  their 
judgments  to  the  next  court  about  fuch  fundamental  laws 
as  were  then  to  be  eftablllhed  (whereof  one  did  concern 
the  inftitrition  and  power  of  the  council)  therefore  he 
fhould  be  difcharged  from  any  cenfure  or  further  enquiry 
about  the  fame,  which  was  voted  accordingly,  all  ho* 
there  were  fome  expreffions  in  the  book  which  would 
not  be  warranted  by  that  orde,"3  as  that  the  council  was 
inftituted  unwarily  to  fatisfy  Mr.  Vane's  defire  &c. 
whereas  it  was  well  known  to  many  in  the  court,  as 
themfelvea  affirmed,  that  it  was  upon  the  advice  and  fo- 
licitation  of  the  elders  and  after  much  deliberation  from 
court  to  court.  Other  paflages  there  were  alfo  which 
were  very  un  found,  reproachful  and  dangerous,  and  was 
manifefled  by  aw  anfwer  made  thereunto  by  Mr.  Dudley, 
and  received  at  the  next  feffipn  of  the  court ;  and  by 
fome  obfervations  made  by  Mr.  Morris,  a  grave  and  ju- 
dicious elder,  teacher  of  the  church  in  Salem  (and  with 
fome  difficulty  read  alfo  in  court)  who  not  fufpe&ing  the 
author,  handled  him  fomewhat  fharply  accordingly  to 
the  merit  of  the  matter, 

This  rummer  three  fliips   were  new  buik,  one  at  F.of- 
ton  and  one  at  Dorchefter,  and  one  at  Salem. 

A  cooper's  wife  of  Hingham  having  been  long  ir<  .:  »a  i 

r*«~ 


GOVERNOR    WIN  THRO  P'I 

642.  melancholic  diftemper  »ear  to  phrenzy,  and  having  for- 
merly  attempted  to  drown  her  child,  but'  prevented  by 
God's  gracious  providence,  did  now  again  take  an  op- 
portunity, being  alone,  to  carry  her  child,  aged  three 
years,  to  a  creek  near  her  houfe,  and  dripping  it  of  the 
cloaths,  threw  it  into  the  water  and  mud,  but  the  tide  be- 
ing low,  tha  little  child  fcrambled  out,  and  taking  up  its 
eloaths,  came  to  its  mother  who  was  fet  down  not  far  off, 
Che  carried  the  child  again,  and  threw  it  in  fo  far  as  it 
could  not  get  out,  but  then  it  pleafed  God  that  a  young 
man  coming  that  way,  faved  it.  She  would  give  no 
other  reafon  of  it,  but  that  fhe  did  it  to  fave  it  from  mife- 
ry,  and  withal  that  fhe  was  allured  {he  had  finned  again  ft 
the  Holy  Ghoft,  and  that  fhe  could  not  repent  of  any  fin. 
Thus  doth  fatan  work  by  the  advantage  of  our  infinni- 
ties,  which  (hould  ftir  us  up  to  cleave  the  more  fad  to 
Chrift  Jefus,  and  to  walk  the  more  humbly  and  watch- 
fully in  all  our  convcrfation. 

At  this  general  court  appeared  one  Richard  Gibfon  a 
fcholar,  fent  fome  three  or  four  years  fince  to  Richman*s 
ifland  to  be  a  minifter  to  a  fifhing  plantation  there  be- 
longing to  one  Mr.  Tretaway  of  Piimouth  in  England. 
He  removed  from  thence  to  Pifcat  :  and  this  year  was  en- 
tertained by  the  fifhermen  at  the  Ifle  of  fholes  to  preach 
to  them.  He  being  wholly  addifted  to  the  hierarchy  and 
difcipline  of  England,  did  exercife  a.  minifterial  function 
in  the  fame  way,  and  did  marry  and  baptize  at  the  Ifle  of 
Sholes  which  was  now  found  to  be  within  our  jurifdic-r 
tion.  This  man  being  incenfed  againft  Mr.  Larkham 
paftor  of  the  church  at  Northam  (late  Dover)  for  fome 
fpeeches  he  delivered  in  hisfermon  againft  fuch  hirelings 
<5cc.  he  fent  an  open  letter  to  him,  wherein  he  did  fcan- 
dalize  our  government,  oppofeour  title  to  thofe  parts,  and 
provoke  the  people,  by  way  of  arguments,  to  revolt  from 
us  (this  letter  being  fhewed  to  many  before  it  came  to 
Mr.  Larkham.)  Mr.  Gibfon  being  now  (hewed  this  let- 
ter, and  charged  with  his  offence,  he  could,  not  deny  the 
thing,  whereupon  he  was  committed  to  the  marfhall.  In 
a  day  or  two  after  he  preferred  a  petition,  which  gave 
not  fatisfaftion,  but  the  next  day  he  made  a  full  acknow- 
ledgment of  all  he  was  charged  with,  and  the  evil  there- 
of, fubmiiting  himfelf  to  the  favor  of  the  court.  Where- 
upon, in  regard  he  was  a  ftranger,  and  was  to  depart  the 
country  within  a  few  days,  he  was  difcharged  without 
any  fine  or  other  punifhmsnt. 

On* 


JOURNAL.  347 

One  Nath  :  Briftoc  a  godly  young  man,  newly  admit-      1641. 

ted  a  member  of  the   church  of  Boiton,  being  Tingle,    he  s v ' 

kept  with  his  father  a  godly  poor  man,  but  minded  his  Mo. 4.8. 
own  advantage  more  than  his  father's  neceffity,  I o  i  s  that 
his  father,  deliring  in  the  evening  to  have  his  help  the 
next  day,  henegle&ed  his  father's  requcft,  and  rofe  very 
early  next  morning  to  go  help  another  man  for  wages, 
and  being  loading  a  boat  in  a  fmall  creek,  he  fell  into  the 
water  and  was  drowned. 

About  this  time  the  adventurers  to  the  I  fie  of  Sable 
fetched  off  their  men  and  geods  all  iafe.  1  he  oil,  teeth, 
feal  and  horfe  hides,  and  fome  black  fox  fkins  came  to 
near  ;£' 1500. 

One  Darby  Field  a»  irifhman,  living  about  Pifcat :  be- 
ing accompanied  with  two  Indians,  went  to  the  top  of 
the  white  hill.  He  made  his  journey  in  18  days.  His 
relation  at  his  return  was,  That  it  was  about  160  miles 
from  Saco,  that  afer  40  miles  travel  he  did,  for  the 
moft  part,  aftend,  and  within  12  miles  of  the  top  was 
neither  tree  nor  grafs  but  low  which  they  "went  on 

the  top  of  fometimes  but  a  continual  afcent  *pon  rocks, 
on  a  ridge  between  two  vallies  filled  with  fnow,  out  of 
which  came  two  branches  of  Saco  river  which  met  at  the 
foot  of  the  hill  where  was  an  indian  town  of  fome  200 
people  ;  fome  of  them  accompanied  him  within  8  miles 
of  the  top,  but  durft  go  no  further,  telling  him  that  no 
indian  ever  dared  to  go  higher,  and  that  he  would  die  if 
he  went.  So  they  Maid  there  'till  his  return,  and  his  two 
indians  took  courage  by  his  example  and  went  withhim. 
They  went  divers  limes  thro3  the  thick  clouds  foi  a  good 
fpace,  and  within  4  miles  of  the  top  they  had  no  clouds, 
but  very  cold.  By  the  way  among  the  rocks  ihsre  were 
two  ponds,  one  a  blackifh  water  and  the  other  reddifh. 
The' top  of  all  was  plain  about  60  feet  fquare.  On  the 
North  fide  there  was  fucha  precipice  as  they  could  fcarce 
difcern  to  the  bottom.  They  had  neither  cloud  ner  wind 
on  the  top  and  moderate  heat.  All  the  country  about 
him  feemcd  a  level,  except  here  and  there  a  hill  rifing  a- 
bove  the  reft,  but  far  beneath  them.  He  law  to  the 
North  a  great  wattr  which  he  judged  to  be  about  ipo 
miles  broad,  but  could  fee  no  land  beyond  it.  The  lea 
by  Saco  fcemed  as  if  it  had  been  within  20  miles.  He 
faw  alfo  a  fea  to  the  Eaftward,  which  he  judged  to  be  the 
gulph  of  Canada— he  faw  fome  great  waters  in  parts  to 
the  Wcftward  which  he  judged  to  be  the  great  lake  which 


t*B  COVER  M  OR     W  1  N  T  II  R  O  P's 

1642.      Canada  river  comes  out  of.     He  found  there  much  muf- 

v *• — ^  covy  g'afs,  they  could  rive  out  pieces  of  40  feet  long  and 

7  or  8  broad.  When  he  came  back  to  the  indians  he 
found  ihcm  drying  themfelves  by  the  fire,  for  they  had  a 
great  trmpeft  of  wind  and  rain.  About  a  month  after 
he  went  again  with  five  or  fix  in  his  company,  then  they 
had  feme  wind  on  the  top  and  fome  clouds  above  them 
which  hid  the  fun.  They  brought  fome  ftoncs  which, 
they  fuppofed  had  been  diamonds,  but  they  were  moil 
chryftal.  See  after,  another  relation  more  true  and  ex- 

aa. 

Mo. 4. 22.  In  the  time  of  the  general  court,  in  a  great  tempeft  of 
thunder  and  lightning,  in  the  evening,  the  lightning 
ftruck  the  upper  fail  of  the  windmill  in  Bofton  by  the 
ferry,  and  fh uttered  it  in  many  pieces,  and  miffing  tke 
ftcnes  ftruck  into  the  flandard,  rived  it  down  in  three 
parts  to  the  bottom,  and  one  of  the  fpars,  and  the>  main 
ftacdard  being  bound  about  with  a  great  iron  hoop,  fatt- 
ened with  muny  long  fpikes,  it  was  plucked  off,  broken 
in  the  middle,  and  thrown  upon  the  floor,  and  the  boards 
upon  the  fides  of  the  mill  lived  off  the  facks  &c.  in  the 
mill  fet  on  fire,  and  the  miller  being  under  the  mill  upon 
the  ground  chopping  a  piece  of  board,  was  ftruck  dead, 
but  company  coming  in,  found  him  to  breath,  fo  they 
carried  him  to  an  hcufe,  and  within  an  hour  or  two  he 
began  to  ftir,  and  drove  with  fuch  force,  as  fix  men  could 
fcarce  hold  him  down.  The  next  day  he  came  to  his 
lenfes,  but  knew  nothing  of  what  had  befallen  him,  but 
found  himfgiif  very  fore  on  divers  parts  of  his  body,  His 
hair  on  one  fide  of  his  head  and  beard  was  ftnged,  one  of 
his  fhoes  torn  oU'his  foot,  but  his  foot  not  hurt. 

The  indians  at  Kenebeck  hearing  of  the  general  cen- 
fpiracy  agair.ft  the  Englifli,  determined  to  begin  there, 
and  one  of  them  knowing  that  Mr.  Edward  Winflow  did 
uie  to  walk  within  the  paiifadces,  prepared  hia  piece  to 
(hoot  him,  bul  as  he  was  about  it, Mr.  Winflow  not  feeing 
him  nor  fufpefting  any  thing,  but  thinking  he  had  walk- 
r.d  enough,  went  fuddenly  into  trie  houfe,  and  fo  God 
piclerved  him. 

At  the  fame  general  court  there  fell  out  agreatbufinefs 
upon  a  very  fmall  occafion,  Anno  1636.  There  was  a 
ftray  fow  in  Boflon  which  was  brought,  to  Capt,  Ream, 
he  had  it  cried  divers  times,  and  divers  came  ro  fee  it,  but 
none  made  claim  to  it  for  near  a  year.  He  kept  it  in  hi* 
yard  with  a  fow  of  his  own,  afterwards  one  Sherman's 

wife 


JOURNAL.  249 

wife  having  loft  fuch  a  fow,  laid  claim  to  it,  but  came  not      1642. 
to  fee  it,  'tillCapt.  Keain   had  killed   his  own  fow,  after  \_— ^-^ 
being  {Viewed  the  ftray  fow,  and   finding  it  to  have  other 
marks  than  (he  had  claimed  her  fow  by>  (he  gave  out  that 
he  had   killed  her  fow.     The  noife  hereof  being   fpread 
about  the  town,  the  matter  was  brought  before  the  elders 
of  the  church  as  a  cafe  of  offence — many  witneifes  were 
examined  and  Capt.  Keain  was  cleared.     She  not  being 
fatisfied  with   this,    by   the  iniligation  of  one  G.  Story  a 
young  merchant  of  London  who  kept    in  her  houfe  (her 
hufband  being  then   in  England)  and   had  been   brought 
before   the  Governor  upon   complaint  of  Capt.  Keain  as 
living  under  fufpicion.     She  brought   the    caufe   to   the 
inferior  court  at  Bofton, where  upon  a  full  hearing.  Capt. 
Kean  was  again  cleared,  and    the  jury    gave   him  £3  for 
his  coft,  and  he  bringing  his  aftion  again  fl  Story  and  her 
for  reporting  about  that  he  had  flolen  her  fow,  recovered 
£ 20  damages  of  either  of  them.     Story  upon  this  fearch- 
eth  town  and  country  to  find  matter  againft  Capt.  Keain 
about  this  ftray  fow,  and  got  of  his  w'hnefles  to  come  in- 
to Salem  court  and  to  confefs  there  that  he  had  forfworn 
himfelf,  and  upon  this  he  petitions  in  Sherman's  namfj 
to  this  general    court,    to    have   the  caufe   heard  again, 
which  was  granted,  and  the  bed  part  of  feven  days  were 
fpent  in  examining  of  witneffes  an4debatin?  of  thecaufe, 
and  yet  it  was  not  determined,  for  there  being  one  ma- 
giftrate  and  thirty  deputies,  no  fentence   could  by  law 
pafs  without  the  greater  number  of  both,  which  neither 
plaintiff  nor  defendant  had,  for  there  were  for  the  plain- 
tiff two  magiftrates  and  fifteen  deputies,,  the  other  feven 
deputies  flood  doubtful.     Much  contention  and  earneft- 
nefs  there  was,  which  indeed  did    moftly  arife   from  the 
difficulty  of  the  cafe,  in  regard  of  crcfs  witneffes  (as  ofie 
protefted)  againft  the  perfon,  which  blinded  fome  men's 
judgments  that  they  could  not  attend  the  true  nature  and 
courfe  of  the  evidence,  for  all  the  plaintiffs  witneffes  a- 
mounted  to  no  more  but  an  evidence   of  probability,  fo 
as  they  might  all  fwear  true,  and  yet  the  fow  in  queftion 
might  not  be   the  plaintiffs.     But   the   defendantV  wit- 
neltes  gave  a  certain  evidence,  upon  their  certain  know- 
ledge, and  that  upon  certain  grounds  (and  thefe  as  many 
and  more  and  of  as  good  credit  as  the  others)  fo  as  if  this 
teftimony  were  true  it  was  not  pofTible  the  fow  fhould  be 
th*  plaintiffs  ;  befides  whereas  the  plaintiff's  wife  was  ad- 
mitted to  take  her  oath   foV  the  maiks  of  her  fow,   the 
I  i  d«- 


«  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'i 

1642.      defendant,  and  his  wife   (being  a  \*ery  godly   fober  wd- 
-y-  _*  man)  was  denied  the  like,  altho' propounded  in  the  court 
by  JVir.  Cotton,  upon  that  rule  in  the  law  he  (hall 

fwear  he  hath  not  put  his  hand*  to  his  neighbours  goods, 
yet.  they  both  in  the  open  court  folemnly,  as  in  the  pie- 
fence  of  God,  declared  their  innoccncy  &c.  Further,  if 
the  cafe  had  been  doubtful,  yet  the  defendant's  lawful 
poffeffion  ought  to  have  been  preferred  to  the  plaintiff's 
doubtful  title,  for  in  cqu&li  jure  melior  tji  ccnditio  pofjidtntis. 
But  the  defendant  being  of  ill  report  in  the  country 
for  a  hard  dealer  in  his  courfe  of  trading,  and  having 
been  formerly  cenfured  in  the  court  and  in  the  church 
alfo,  by  admonition  for  fuch  offences,  carried  many  weak 
minds  ftrongly  againft  him  :  and  the  truth  is,  he  was  ve- 
ry worthy  of  blame  in  that  kind,  as  divers  others  in  the 
country  were  alfo  in  thofe  times,  tho'  they  were  not  de- 
tected as  he  was, yet  to  give  every  man  his  due,  he  was 
very  ufeful  to  the  country  both  by  his  hofpitality  and 
otherwifc,  but  one  dead  fly  fpoils  much  good  ointment. 

There  was  great  expectation  in  the  country,  by  occa- 
fion  of  Story's  clamours  againft  him,  that  thecaufe  would 
have  pafTed  againft  the  Captain,  but  falling  out  other- 
wife,  gave  occafion  to  many  to  f peak  unreverently  of  the 
court,  efpecially  of  the  magiftrates,  and  the  report  went, 
that-their  negative  voice  had  hindered  the  courfe  of  juf- 
tice,  and  that  thefe  magiftrates  muft  be  put  out,  that  the 
power  of  the  negative  voice  might  be  taken  away.  There- 
upon itwas  tho't  fitby  the  Governor  &  other  of  the  magif- 
trates to  publifh  a  declaration  of  the  true  ftate  of  thecaufe, 
that  truth  might  net  be  condemned  unknown.  This  was 
framed  before  th«  court  brake  up  ;  for  prevention  where- 
of, the  Governor  tendred  a  declaration  in  nature  of  a  pa- 
cification, whereby  it  might.have  appeared  thathowfoev- 
er  the  members  of  the  court  diffented  in  judgment,  yet 
they  were  the  fame  in  affe&ion,  and  had  a  charitable  opi- 
nion each  of  other  ;  but  this  was  oppofed  by  fome  of  the 
plaintiff's  part,  fo  it  was  laid  by.  And  becaufe  there 
was  much  labouring  in  the  country  upon  a  falfe 
fuppofition  that  the  magiftrate's  negative  voice  Hop- 
ped the  plaintiff  in  the  cafe  of  the  low,  one  of  the  ma- 
giftrates publifhed  a  declaration  of  the  neceflity  of  up-, 
holding  the  fame.  It  may  be  here  inferted,  being  but 
brief. 

[This  declaration  is  not  in  M.S.  Edit.] 

From 


JOURNAL.  aS 

Froan  Maryland  came  one  Mr.  Neale  with  two  pinna-      16455. 

ces   and  commiflion    from   Mr.  Calcourt   the  Governor  v J  ••'  • 

there,  to  buy  mares  and  fbeep,  but  having  nothing  to  pay    Mo. 5. 7 
for  them  but  bills  charged  upon  the  Lord  Baltimore  in 
England,  no  man  would  deal  with  him.     One  of  his  vef- 
fels  was  To  eaten  with  worms  that  he  was  forced  to  leave 
her. 

Mr.  Chancyc  of  Scituare  perfevered  in  his  opinion  of 
dipping  in  baptifm,  and  praftifed  accordingly,  nrfl  upon 
two  of  his  own,  which  being  in  very  cold  weather,  one 
of  them  fwooned  away.  Another  having  a  child  about 
three  years  old,  feared  it  would  be  frightened,  (as  others 
had  been,  and  one  caught  hold  of  Mr.  Chancye  and  had 
near  pulled  him  into  the  water)  fhe  brought  her  child  to 
Bofton  with  letters  teftimonial  from  Mr.  Chancye,  and 
had  it  baptized  there. 

A  general  faft  was  kept  by  order  of  the  general  court     si 
and  advice  of  fome  of  the  elders.     The  occafion  was  prin- 
cipally for  the  danger  we  conceived   our  native  country 
was  in,  and  the  foul  fins  which   had  broken  o«t   among 
ourfelves  &c. 

Ofamaken  the  great  fachem  of  Pakatnecottin  Plimouth    #3 
jurifdiftion  cama   attended   with   many   men  and    fome 
other  fagamores  accompanying  him,  to  vifit  the  Govern- 
or who  entertained  him  kindly  &c. 

The  Mary  Rofe  which  had  been  blown  up  and  funk 
with  all  her  ordnance,  ballad,  much  lead,  and  other 
goods,  was  now  weighed  and  brought  to  fhore  by  the  in- 
duftry  and  diligence  of  one  Edward  Bedall  of  Bofton. 
The  court  gave  the  owners  above  a  years  time  to  recover 
and  free  the  harbour,  which  was  much  damnified  by  her, 
and  they  having  given  her  over  and  never  attempting  to 
weigh  her,  Edward  Bedal)  undertook  it  upon  thefe  terms, 
viz.  If  he  freed  the  harbour,  he  fhould  have  half  bf. all 
he  recovered.  He  made  two  great  tubs  bigger  than  a 
butt,  very  tight,  and  open  at  one  end  upon  which  were 
hanged  fo  many  weights  as  would  (ink  it  to  the  ground 
(6oewt.)  It  was  letdown,  the  diver  fitting  in  it.  a  cord  in 
his  hand  to  give  notice  when  they  fhould  draw  him  up., 
and  another  cord  to  fhew  when  they  fhould  remove  it 
from  place  to  place,  fo  he  could  continue  in  his  tub  near 
half  an  hour,  and  faften  ropes  to  the  ordnance,  and  put 
the  lead  &c.  into  a  net  or  tub,  and  when  the  tub  was 
drawn  up  one  knocked  upon  the  head  of  it  and  ihruft  a 
long  pole  under  water  which  the  diver  laid  hold  or,  «ind 

fo 


85*  GOVERN&R     WINTRHOP's 

fo  was  drawn  up  by  it,  for  they  might  not  draw  the  o:>en 
end  out  of  water  for  endangering  him  &c.  The  cafe  of 
the  money  (hot  out  of  one  or  the  guns,  which  came  to  a 
trial  in  the  court  at  Bofton  (8)  27.  See  in  the  next 
leaf. 

(5)  28.  A  Dutch  fhip  of  300  tons  arrived  here  laden  with  fait 
from  the  Weft  Indies  which  the  fold  here  for  plank  and 
pipe  ftaves.  She  brought  two  Spanifh  merchants,  who 
being  taken  at  fea  while  they  went  in  a  frigate  from  Do- 
mingo to  find  an  Englifh  fhip  which  they  had  freighted 
there,  and  was  bv  their  agreement,  ftolen  out  of  the  har- 
bour where  fhe  had  been  long  imSarred.  They 
hired  this  dutchman  to  bring  them  hither  where  they 
had  appointed  their  {hip  to  come,  not  daring  to  go  into 
Spain  or  England.  They  ft<nc!  here  about  a  month,  but 
their  fhip  came  not,  fo  they  went  away  again.  We  heard 
after  that  their  fnip  had  been  14  davs  beating  upon  our 
coaft,  and  being  putbick  (till  by  N.W.  winds,  fine  bare, 
up,  and  went  for  England,  and  arriving  at  Southampton, 
the  parliament  made  ufe  of  the  truafure. 

God  would  not  fuffer  her  te  came  to  us,  left  our  heartg 
fhould  have  caufed  the  Spaniards  to  have  an  evil  eye  up- 
on us. 

Some  of  the  elders  went  to  Concord  being  fent  for  by 
the  church  there  to  advife  with  them  about  the  main- 
tenance of  their  elders  &c.  They  found  them  wavering 
about  removal,  not  finding  their  plantation  anfwerable 
to  their  expectation,  and  the  maintenance  of  two  elders,. 
too  heavy  a  burden  for  them.  The  elders  advice  was, 
that  they  fhould  continue  and  wait  upon  God,  and  be 
helpful  to  their  elders  in  labour  and  what  they  could, 
and  all  to  be  ordered  by  the  deacons  (whofe  office  had 
not  formerly  been  improved  this  way  amongft  them)  anc\ 
that  the  elders  fhould  be  content  with  what  means  the, 
church  was  able  at  prcfent  to  afford  them,  and  if  either 
of  them  fhould  be  called  to  fome  other  place,  then  to  ad- 
vife with  other  churches  about  removal. 

QneWequafh  Cook  an  indian  living  about  Connec- 
ticut river's  mouth,  and  keeping  much  at  Saybrook  with 
Mr.  Fen  wick,  attained  to  good  knowledge  of  the  things 
of  God  and  falvation  by  Chrift,  fo  as  he  became  a  preach- 
er to  other  Indians,  and  laboured  much  to  convert  them, 
but  without  any  effeft,  for  within  a  fliort  time  he  fell 
fick,  not  without  fufpicion  of  poifonfrom  them,  and  died 
very  comfortably. 

There 


JOURNAL.  s5| 


There  was  about  £$o  put  into  one  of  the  guns  of  the  1642. 
Marv  Role  which  was  known  all  abroad.  The  guns  be-  v  y  •"/ 
ing  taken  up  and  fearched,  they  pulled  out  of  one  of  them 
a  wad  of  rope  yarn,  thev  handled  it  and  found  it  very 
heavy,  and  began  to  undo  it,  but  being  very  wet  and  foul 
they  threw  it  down,  and  about  8  or  9  days  after,  coming 
to  try  one  of  the  guns,  and  finding  this  wad  lying  there, 
they  thruft  it  in  after  the  powder,  and  (hot  it  off  into  the 
channel,  but  perceived  part  of  it  to  break  and  fall  ilsort, 
and  the  reft  fell  into  the  middle  of  the  channel  :  but  tha 
next  low  water  there  was  taken  up  feveral  pieces  of  gold 
and  iome  filver.  This  was  in  a  place  where  people  paff- 
cd  daily,  and  never  any  found  there  before  that  time. 
Thole  who  found  the  money  refufed  toreftore  it  to  him 
who  had  bought  and  taken  up  the  wreck.  -r-w  hereupon 
he  brought  his  action,  and  the  money  was  adjudged  to 
him. 

Two  (hips  arrived  from  England,  but  brought  not  a- 
bove  five  or  fix  patTengers  fave  our  own  people,  and  very 
few  goods  except  rigging  &c.  for  fome  {Kips  which  were 
building  'here. 

Now  came  over  a  book  of  Mr.  Cotton's  fermons  upon 
the  feven  vials.  Mr.  Humphry  had  gotton  the  notes  from 
fome  who  had  took  them  by  characters,  and  printed  them 
in  London,  which  was  a  great  wrong  to  Mr.  Cotton,  and 
he  was  much  greived  at  it,  for  it  had  been  fit  he  fliould 
have  perufed  and  corrected  the  copy  before  it  had  been 
printed. 

Mr.  Welde,  Mr.  Peter  and  Mr.  Hibbins  who  we're  fent  Mo.  6 
the  laft  year  into  England,  had  procured  £500  which 
they  fent  over  in  linnen,  wollen  and  other  uieful  com- 
modities for  the  courtry,  which,  becaufe  the  (lock  might 
be  preferved  and  returned  this  year  for  a  further  fupply, 
were  put  off  together  for  about  eighty  pounds  profit,  and 
the  principal  returned  by  Mr.  Stoughton  in  the.  next 
fhip. 

By  their  meins  alfo  Mr.  Richard  Andrews  an  haber- 
dafner  in  Cheapfide  London,  a  godly  man,  and  who  had 
been  a  former  benefaftor  to  this  country,  having  ^500 
due  to  htm  from  the  Governor  and  company  of  Plimouth, 
gave  it  to  this  colony  to  be  laid  out  in  cattle  and  other 
courfe  of  trade  for  the  poor. 

Two  fifhermen  drowned  in  afhallop  which  was  over- 
fet  near  Pifcat. 

The  fhip  Trial  about  200  tons  built  at  JSpfton  by  the    24 

mer- 


»54  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'* 

1644.      merchants  there,  being  now  ready  to  fet  fail  (Mr.  Tho'§ 

v— . v— -/  C  mailer  and  divers   godly  fcamen   in  her)  Mr. 

Cotton  was  d? fired  to  preach  aboard  her   &c.  but  upon 

confederation  that  the  audience  would   be   too  great  for 

the  (hip,  th~  fermon  was  at  the  meeting  houfe. 

A  plantation  wasbegun  the  laft  year  at  Delaware  Bay 
by  thole  of  New.Haven,{onae  20  families  were  tranfport- 
e  i  thither,  but  this  fummer  there  fell  fueh  ficknefs  and 
mortality  among  them  as  diflblved  the  plantation.  The 
fame  ficknefs  and  mortality  befell  the  Swedes  alfo  who 
were  planted  upon  the  fam«  river.  The  Englifli  were 
after  driven  out  by  the  Swedes. 

Mo.  7.  Mr.  William  Hibbins  who  was  one  of  thofe  who  wcra 
fent  over  into  England  the  year  before,  arrived  now  in 
fafety  with  divers  others  who  went  over  then  alfo.  He 
made  a  public  declaration  to  the  church  in  Bofton  of  all 
the  good  providences  »f  the  Lord  towards  him  in  his 
voyage  to  and  fro  &c.  wherein  it  was  very  obfcrvable 
what  care  the  Lord  had  of  them,  and  what  defperate 
dangers  they  were  delivered  from  upon  the  feas,  fuch  a» 
the  eldeft  feamen  wcra  amazed  ;  and  indeed  fuch  pre- 
fervations  and  deliverances  have  been  fo  frequent  to  fuch 
fhips  as  havex:arried  thofe  of  the  Lords  family  between 
the  two  Englands  as  would  fill  a  perfect  volume  to  report 
them  all. 

f6)  There  came  letters  from  divers  Lords  of  the  upper 
houfe  and  fome  30  of  the  houfe  of  commons,  and  others 
from  the  minifters  there  who  flood  for  the  independency 
of  churches,  to  Mr.  Cotton  of  Bofton3  Mr.  Hook«r  of 
Hartford,  and  Mr.  Davenport  of  New-Haven,  to  call 
them,  or  fome  of  them,  if  all  could  not,  to  England  to  af- 
fift  in  thefynod  there  appointed,  to  confider  and  advife 
about  the  fettling  of  church  government.  Upon  this  fuch 
of  the  magiftrates  and  elders  as  were  at  hand  met  toge- 
ther, and  were  moft  of  them  of  opinion  that  it  was  a  call 
of  God,  yet  took  refpite  of  concluding,  till  th«y  might 
hear  from  the  reft— whereupon  a  meflenger  was  prefent- 
lydifpatched  to  Connecticut  and  New-Haven  with  the 
letters  &c.  Upon  return  it  was  found  that  Mr.  Hooker 
liked  not  the  bufinefs,  nor  thought  it  any  fufficient  call 
for  them  to  go  3.000  miles  to  agree  with  three  men  (mean- 
ing thofe  three  minift«rs  who  were  for  indapendency, 
and  did  folicit  in  th*  parliament  &c.)  Mr.  Davenport 
thought  otherwife  of  it,  fo  as  the  church  there  fet  apart  a 
day  to  feek  the  Lord  in  it,  and  thereupon  came  to  this 

con- 


JOURNAL.  a 

tonclufion,  that  feeing  the  church   had  no  other  officer     1642 
but  himfelf,  therefore  they  might  not  fpare  bim.  v v— 

Mr.  Cotton  apprehended  ftrongly  a  call  of  God  in  it, 
though  he  were  very  averfe  to  a  fea  voyage,and  the  more 
bceaufe  his  ordinary  topic  in  A&s  13.  led  him  to  deliver 
that  doctrine  cf  the  intcreft  all  churches  have  in  each 
other's  members  for  mutual  helpfulaels  &c.  But  foon 
after  came  other  letters  out  of  En^Lnd  upon  the  breach 
between  the  king  and  parliament,  fVom  one  of  the  former 
Lords  and  from  Mr.  Welde  and  Mr.  Peter,  to  advife 
them  to  ftay  'till  they  heard  further  ;  fo  this  care  came  to 
an  end. 

There  arrived  another  fhip  with  fait  which  was  put  off 
for  pipe  ftaves  &c.  fo  by  an  unexpected  providence  wo 
were  Supplied  of  fait  to  go  on  with  our  nfiiing,  and  of 
(hips  to  take  off  our  pipe  ftaves  which  lay  upon  men's 
hands. 

There  fell  out  a  very  fad  accident  at  Weymouth.  One 
Richard  Silvefter  having  three  fmall  children,  he  and 
his  wife  going  to  the  affembly  upon  the  Lord's  day,  left 
their  children  at  home  ;  the  eldeft  was  without  doors 
looking  to  fome  cattle  ;  the  middlemoft  being  a  fon  about 
five  years  old,  feeing  his  father's  fowling  piece  (being  a 
very  great  one)  ftand  in  the  chimney,  took  it  and  laid  il 
upon  a  ftool  as  he  had  feen  his  father  do,  and  pulled  up 
the  cock  (the  fpring  being  weak)  and  put  down  the  ham- 
mer, then  went  to  the  other  end  and  blowed  in  the  mouth 
of  the  piece,  as  he  had  feen  his  father  alio  do,  and  with 
that  ftirring  the  piece,  being  charged,  it  went  off,  and 
{hot  the  child  into  the  mouth  and  thre'  his  head.  When 
the  father  came  home  he  found  his  child  lie  dead, 
and  could  not  have  imagined  how  he  mould  have  been 
fo  killed,  but  the  youngeft  child  (being  but  three  years 
old  anil  could  fcarce  fpeak)  {hewed  him  the  whole  man- 
ner of  it. 

There  arrived  in  a  fmall  pinnace  one  Mr.  Benet  a  gen- 
tleman of  Virginia  with  letters  from  many  well  difpofed 
people  of  the  upper  in  Virginia  to  the  elders 

here,  bewailing  their  fad  condition  for  want  of  the  means 
of  falvation,  and  earneflly  intreating  a  fupply  of  faithful 
minifters,  whom,  upon  experience  of  their  gifts  andgod- 
linefs,  they  might  csll  to  office  &c.  Upon  thefe  letters 
(which  were  openly  read  in  Bofton  upon  a  lefture  day) 
the  elders  met  and  fet  a  day  apart  to  feck  God  in  it,  and 
agreed  upon  three  who  might  moft  likely  be  fpared,  viz. 

Mr. 


if  6  GOVERNOR    W  I N  T  H  R  O  P'« 

Mr.  Philips  of  Watertown,  Mr.  Thompfon  of  Bran  tree, 
and  Mr.  Miller  of  Rowiye,  for  theft  churches  had  eacH 
of  them  two.     Having  dcligned  thefc  men  they  acquaint- 
ed the  general  court  herewith,  who  did  approve  thereof, 
and  ordered  that  the  Governor  ftmuld  commend  them  ta 
the  Governor  and  Council  ef  Virginia,  which  was  done 
accordingly,  but  Mr.  Philips  being  net  willing  to  go,  Mr. 
Knolles  his  fellow  elder,  and  Mr.  Thompfon,  with  th* 
«onfent  of  their  churches,  were  fent  away,  and  departed 
on  their  wav  8ber  7.  to  Taunton  to  meet  the  bark   at  Na- 
raganfett.     Mr.   Miller  did   not   accept    the  call.     Th« 
main  argument  which   prevailed  with  the  churches   to 
difmifsthem  to  that  work,  and  with  the  court   to   allow 
and  further  it,  was  the  advancement  of  the  kingdom  of 
Chnil  in  thole  parts,  and  the  confidence  they  had  in  the 
promife,  that  wholoever  (hall  part   with  father  &c.  for 
may  fake  and  the  gofpel's,  fhall  receive  an  hundred  fold. 
\Ve  were  fo  far  from  fearing    any  lofs  by  parting  with 
fuc'h  defirable  men,  as   we  looked  at   them   as  feed  fown 
which  would  bring  us  in  a  plentiful  harveft,  and  we  ac- 
counted it  no  fmall   honor  that  God  had  put  upon  hfs 
poor  churches  here,  that  other  parts  of  the  world  fhould 
feek  to  us  for  help  in  this  kind,  for  about  the  fame   time 
two  of  our  veffels  which  had  been  gone  near  a  year,  and 
were  much  feared  to  be  loft,  returned  home  with  a  good 
fupply   of  cotton,   and  brought  home  letters  with  them 
from  Barbadoes  and  other  iflands  in  thofe  parts,  inteating 
us  to  fupply  them  with  minifters,  but  underftanding  that 
thefe  people  were  much   infefted  with   familift  &c.    the 
elders  did  nothing  about  it,  intending  to  inquire  further 
by  another  veffei  which  was  preparing  for  thofe  parts. 
Mo. 7.  i»       There  came  letters  from  the  court  at  Connecticut,  and 
from  two  of  the  magiftrates  there,  and  from  Mr.  Ludlow 
near  the  dutch,  certifying  us  that  the  indians  all  over  the 
country  had  combined  themfelves  to  cut  off  all  the  eng- 
lifh — that  the  time  was  appointed  after  harveft — the  man- 
ner alfo  they  fhould  go,  by  fmall  companies  to  the  chief 
men's  houfes  by  way  of  trading  &c.  and  (hould  kill  them 
in  the  houfe  arid    feize  their  weapons,  and  then   otheri 
fhould  be  at  hand  to  profecute  the  maffacre — and  that 
this  was  discovered  by  three  feveral  indians   nearabout 
the  fame  time  and  in  the  fame  manner  ;  one  to  Mr.  Ea- 
ton of  New-Haven,   another  to   Mr.  Ludlow,  and   th« 
third  to  Mr  Haynes.     This  laft  being  quite  near  to  death 
by  a  cart  &c.  fent  after  Mr.  Haynes,  and  told  him   that 

En. 


JOURNAL.  257 

Englishman's  God  was  angry  wi'h  him  and  had  fct   En-      1642. 
glifhman's  cow  to  kill  him  becauie  he  had  concealed  fuch  L— -v~-— > 
a  confpiracy  againft  the  Englifh,and  fo  told  him  ot"  it  as  the 
other  two  had  done.     Ujjon  this    their  advice   to  us  was, 
that  it  was  better  to  enter  imo  war  preientiy  and  begin 
with  them,  and  if  we  would  lend    100  men  to  the  river's 
Biouth  or'  Connecticut,  they  would    meet  us   with   a  pro- 
portionable number.     Upon   thefe    letters  the    Governor 
called  fo  many  of  the  magiftratcs  as  were  near,  and  being 
met  they  fent  out  (urnmonsfor  a  general  court  to  be  kept 
fix  days  after,  and  in  the  mean  time  it  was  thought  fit,  for 
our  fafety,  and  to  ftrike  fomc   terror  into  the  indians,  to 
difarm  fuch  as  were  within  our  jurifdi&ion.     According- 
ly we  fent  men  to  Cutihamkin  at  Brantrce   to  fetch  him 
and  his  guns,  bows  &c.  which  was.  done,  and  he   came 
willingly,  and  being  late  in  the  night  when  they  came  to 
Bofton,  he  was  put  in  the   prifon,  but  the  next  morning, 
finding  upon  examination  of  him  and  divers  of  his  men, 
no  ground  of  iufpicjon  of  his  partaking  in  any  fuch  con- 
fpiracy,  he  Wiisdilmiifed.     Upon  the  warrant  which  went 
to  Ipfwich,  Rowlyc  and    Newbcrry  to  difarm  Palfacona- 
my,   who  lived  by  Merrimack,    they  fent  forth  40  men 
armed  the  next   day,  being  the  Lord's  day,  but  it  rained 
all  the  day,  as  it  had  dune  divers  days  before  and  alfo  af- 
ter, fo  as  they  could  nut  go  to  his  wigman,  but  they  came 
to  his  ion's  and  took  him,  which    they   had    warrant  for, 
and  a  fqua  and  her  child,   which  they    had  warrant  for, 
and  therefore  order  was  given  fo  foon  as  he  heard   of  it, 
to  fend  them  home  again.     They  fearing  his  fon's  efcape, 
led  him   in  a  line,    but  ht  taking  an  opportunity,  flipped 
his  line  and  eicaped  fr<.»;n  them,  but  one  very  indifcreetly 
made  a  fhot  at  him,  and  miffed  him  narrowly.     Upon  the 
intelligence  of  thefe  unwarranted  proceedings,   fend  con- 
cerning that  Parfaconamy  would  look  at  it  as  a  manifcfb 
injury  (as  indeed  we  conceived  it  to  be,  and  had  always 
fhunncd  to  give  them   anyjufl  occafion    againil  us)    the 
court  being  now  affembled,  we  lent   Cutfhamakin    to  him 
to  let  him  know  that  what  was  done  to  his  fon  and  fqua 
•was  without  order,  and  to  {hew  hint  the  occafion   where- 
upon we  had  fent  to  difarm  all  the  Indians,  and  that  when 
\v«  fhould  find  that  they  were  innocent  of  any  fuch  con-- 
fpiracy,  w«  would  reftore  all  their  arms  again,  and  to  will 
him  alfo  to  come   fpeak  with   us.     He  returned  anfwer 
that  hw  knew  not   what   was   become  of  his  fon  and  his 
fquas,  (for  oae  of  them  was  ran  into  the  wood*  and  came 

K  k  not 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'i 

6/12.      not  again  for  ten  days  after,  and  the  other  was  dill  in  cuf- 
tody)  if  he  had  them  fafe  again  then  he  would  come  to  us, 
accordingly  about  a  fortnight  after  he  fent  his  eldeft  fon 
to  us,  who  delivered  up  kU  guns  &c. 
Mo./    8.       The  general  court  being  aifembled,  we  confidered  of 
the  letters  and  other  intelligence  from  Connecticut,  and 
although  the  thing  feemed  very  probable,  yet  we  thought 
it  not  iufficient  ground  for  us  to  begin  a   war,  for  it  was 
poilible  it  might  be  otherwife,  and  tkat  all  this  might  come 
out  of  the  enmity  which  had  been  between  MiantonomoH 
and  Onkus,   who   continually   fought   to  difcredit  each 
other  with  the  Englifh.     We  coniidered  alfo  of  the  like 
reports  which   had  formerly  been   raifed   almoft  every 
year  fmce  we  came,  and  how  they  proved  to  be  but  reports 
raifed  up  by  the  oppofite  factions  among  the  Indians  :  be- 
iides  we  found  •urielves  in  very  ill  cafe  for  war,  and  if  we 
{hould  begin,  wemuft  then  be  forced  to  (land  continually 
upon  our   guard,   and   to   defert  our  farms   and  bufmefs 
abroad,  and  all  our  trade  with  the  indians,  which  things 
would  bring  us   very   low ;  and  beftdes,  if  upon  this  in- 
telligence we  {hould  kill  any  of  them,  or  lofe  any  of  our 
own,  and  it  (hould  be  found  after  to  have  been  a  falfe  re- 
port, we  might  provoke  God's  difpleafure,  and  blemifli 
our  wifdcm  and  integrity  before  the  heathen.     Further  it 
was  confidered  that  our  beginning  witk  them  could  not 
fccure  us  againft  them— we   might  deftroy   lome  part  of 
their  corn  and  wigwams,  and  force  them  to  fly  into  the 
woods  &c*  but  the  men  would  be  ftill  remaining  to  do  ui 
miichief,  for  they  will  never  fight  us  in  the  open  field. 
Laftiy  it  was  confidered  that  fuch  as  were  to  be  fent  out 
in  fuch  an  expedition  were,  for  the  moft  part,  godly,  and 
would  be  as  well  affured  of  the  jufdce  of  the  caufe  as  the 
warrant  of  their  call,  and  then    we  would  not  fear  their 
forward nefs  and  courage,  but  if  they  {hould  be  fent  out, 
not  well   refolved,  we  might  fear  the   fuccefs.     Accor- 
ding to  thefc  confiderations  we  returned  anfwer  to  Con- 
neftticut,  and   withal   we  fent  two  men  with   two  inter- 
preters, an  cngliflaman  and  an  indian  to  Miantonomoh  to- 
let  him  know  what  intelligence  we  had   of  his   drawing 
the  reft  of  the  indians  into  a  confederation  againft  us.  and 
of  his  purpofe  to  make  his  fon  fachem  of  Pequod,  and  of 
other  things  which  were  breaches  of  the  league  he  made 
with  us.  and  to  defire  him  to  come  by  fuch  a  time  to  give 
us  fatisfaftion  about  them,  ifherefufed  to  come   and  give 
them  a  fatisfa&ory  anfwer,  then  to  let  him  know  that  if 

he 


JOURNAL. 

he  regarded  not  our  fnendihip,he  would  give  us  occafion 
to  right  ourfelves,  and  inftruclion  was  given  them,  that  if 
he  gave  them  occafion,  they  {hould  tell  him  the  reafon  of 
ourdifarming  the  indians,  and  excufe  the  injury  done  to 
Paifdconamy  to  be  a  mi  (lake  and  without  oui  order.  The 
mefTengers  coming  to  him  he  carried  them  apart  into  the 
woods,  taking  only  one  of  his  chief  men  with  him,  and 
gave  them  very  rational  anfwers  to  all  their  proportions, 
and  promifed  alfo  to  come  over  to  us,  \vhich  he  did  with- 
in the  time  prefixed, 

When  he  came  the  court  was  aiTeanbled,  and  before  his 
admiflion  we  confidered  how  to  treat  with  him  (for  w* 
knew  him  to  be  a  very  iubtle  man,)  and  agreed  upon  the 
points  and  order— and  that  none  {hould  propound  any 
thing  to  him  but  the  Governor,  and  if  any  other  of  the 
court  had  any  thing  material  to  fuggeft,  he  {hould  impart 
it  to  the  Governor. 

Being  called  in  and  mutual  falutations  pafled,  he  was 
fet  down  at  the  lower  end  of  the  table  over  again  ft  th« 
Governor,  and  had  only  two  or  three  of  his  councellors, 
and  two  or  three  of  our  neighbouring  indians,  fuch  as  he 
defired,  but  would  not  fpeak  of  any  buiineO  at  any  time, 
before  fome  of  his  counfellors  were  prefentjalledging  that 
he  would  have  them  prefent  that  they  might  bear  wit- 
nefs  with  him  at  his  return  home,  of  all  his  fayings. 

In  all  his  anfwers  he  was  very  deliberate  and  fhewed 
good  underftandingin  the  principles  of  jufticeand  amity, 
and  ingenuity  withal.  He  demanded  that  his  accufers 
might  be  brought  forth,  to  the  end  that  if  they  could  not 
make  good  what  they  had  charged  him  with,  they  might 
fuffer  what  he  was  worthy  of,  and  muft  have  expected  if 
he  had  been  found  guilty,  viz,  death.  We  anfwered,  we 
knew  them  not,  nor  were  they  within  our  power,  nor 
would  giyc  credit  to  them  before  we  had  given  him  know- 
ledge of  it  according  to  our  agreement  with  him.  He  re- 
plied, if  you  did  not  give  credit  to  it.  why  then  did  you 
aifarm  the  indians.  We  ani'wered,  for  our  fecurity,  and 
becaufe  we  had  been  credibly  informed  that  fome  of  the 
caftern  indians  had  lately  robbed  divers  englifh  men's  hou- 
fes  at  faco,  and  taken  away  their  powder  and  guns.  This 
anfwer  fatisfyed  them.  He  gave  divers  reafons  why  we 
fhould  hold  him  free  of  any  fuch  confpiracy,  and  why  we 
{hould  conceive  it  was  a  report  raifed  by  Onkus,  &.c.  and 
therefore  offered  to  meet  Onkus  at  Connecticut  or  rather 
$t  Bofton,  and  would  prove  to  his  face  his  treachery  a- 

gaiafl 


at6o  GOVERNOR    WINTHROF's 

1642.  gainft  the  englifh  &c.  and  told  m  he  would  come  to  us 
at  any  time,  for  tho'  Ibmc  had  deifuaded  him,  affui  ing  him 
that  tht  ILnglifh  would  put  him  to  death,  or  keep  him  in 
prtfon,  yet  he  being  innocent  of  any  ill  intention  againft 
theenglifh,  he  knew  them  to  be  fojuft  us  they  would  do 
him  no  wrong,  and  told  us  that  if  we  lent  feut  any  indian 
to  him  that  he  lik?d,  he  would  come  to  us.  and  we  fliould 
not  need  to  fend  any  of  our  own  men.  He  urged  much 
that  thofe  might  be  punifhed  who  had  raifcd  this  (lander, 
and  put  it  to  our  consideration  what  damage  it  had  been 
to  him.  in  that  he  was  forced  to  keep  his  men  at  home. and 
not  fuffrr  them  to  go  forth  on  hunting  &c.  till  he  had 
given  theenglifh  f^tisfaclion.  and  the  charge  and  trouble 
it  had  put  the  englifh  unto  &c.  We  fpent  the  better  part 
of  two  days  in  treating  with  him,  and  in  ronclufion  he 
did  accommodate  himfelf  to  us  to  our  fatisra£Hon  ;  only 
fome  difficulty  we  h«d  to  bring  him  to  difert  the  Nianticks 
if  we  had  juft  caufe  of  war  with  them.  They  were,  he 
faid,  as  his  own  flcfh.  being  allied  by  continual  inter- 
marriages &c.  but  at  laft  he  condecended  that  if  they 
fliould  do  us  wrong  as  he  could  not  draw  them  to  give  us 
faiisfaftten  for,  nor  himfelf  could  fatisfy,  as  if  it  were  for 
blood  &c.  then  he  would  leave  them  to  us. 

When  we  fhould  goto  dinner  there  was  a  table  provi- 
ded for  the  indians  to  dine  bv  themfelves,  and  Miant  : 
was  left  to  fit  with  them.  This  he  was  difcontented  at, 
and  would  eat  nothing,  till  the  Governor  fent  him  meat 
from  his  table,  fo  at  night  and  all  the  time  he  ftaid  he  fat 
at  the  lower  end  of  the  magiftrate's  table,  when  he  de- 
parted, we  gave  him  and  his  counfellors  coats  and  tobac- 
co, and  when  he  came  to  take  his  leave  of  the  Governor 
and  fuch  of  the  magiflrates  as  were  prefent,  he  returned, 
and  g<ive  his  hand  to  the  Governor  again,  faying  that  was 
for  the  reft  of  the  magiflrates  who  were  abfent. 

The  court  being  adjourned  for  a  few  days  'till  we 
might  hear  from  Miant :  (it  was  affembled  again  at  fuch 
time  as  he  came  to  Roflon)  there  came  letters  from  Con- 
necticut certifying  us  ofdiv«rs  infolencies  of  the  indians, 
which  fo  confirmed  their  minds  in  believing  the  former/ 
report,  as  they  were  now  refolved  to  make  war  upon  the 
indians,  and  earneflly  prefiing  us  to  delay  no  longer  to 
fend  forth  our  m?!n  to  join  with  them,  and  that  they 
thought  they  fhould  be  forced  to  begin  before;  they  could 
hear  from  us  again. 

Upon  receipt  of  thefe  letters  the  Governor  a (Tembledi 

fuel 


JOURNAL. 

fuclt  of  the  magiftrates  and  deputies  as  wers  at  hand,  and 
divers  of  the  elders  alfo  (for  they  were  then  met  at  Bof-  v 
ton  upon  other  occafions)  and  imparted  the  letters  to  them 
with  other  letters  fent  from  the  Governor  of  Plimouth, 
intimating  forne  observations  they  ha«i  which  made  them 
very  much  to  fufpeft  that  there  wis  fuch  a  plot  in  hand 
&c.  We  all  fat  in  confutation  hereabout  all  the  day, 
and  in  the  end  concluded,  i.  That  all  thefe  informa- 
tions might  arife  from  a  falfe  ground,  and  out  of 
the  enmity  which  was  between  the  Naraganfett  and  Mon- 
h;g"n.  2.  Being  thus  doubtful,  it  was  not  a  fufficient 
ground  for  us  to  war  upon  them.  3.  That  all  thefe  par- 
ticuUr  infolencies  and  wrongs  ought  to  be  revenged  and 
repaired  by  courfe  of  j  iflice,  if  it  might  be  obtained,  other- 
\vifc  we  fhould  never  bn  free  from  war:  And  according- 
ly leftters  were  fent  back  to  our  brethren  at  Connecticut 
to  acquaint  them  with  our  opinions,  and  todiffuade  them 
from  going  forth,  allerlging  how  dishonorable  it  would 
be  to  us  all,  that  while  we  were  upon  treaty  with  the  in- 
dians.  they  fhould  make  war  upon  them,  for  they  would 
account  their  aft  as  our  own,  feeing  we  had  formerly 
profoffed  to  the  Indians  that  we  were  all  ax  one,  and  in 
our  1-itemefTrjge  to  Miant :  had  remembered  him  again  of 
the  fame,  and  he  had  anfwered  that  he  did  fo  account  us. 
Upon  receipt,  of  this  our  anf'.ver  they  forbare  to  enter  in- 
to war.  but  (it  fcemed)  unwillingly,  and  as  not  well  pleaf- 
ed  with  us. 

Altho' we  apprehended  no  danger,  yet  we  continued 
our  military  watches  'till  near  the  end  of  8ber.  and  re- 
ftorcd  the  imlians  <A\  their  arms  we  had  taken  from  them : 
for  altbo'  we  faw  it  was  very  dangerous  to  vis  that  they 
fhould  hive  guns  &c.  yet  we  faw  not  in  juftice  how  we 
co  ild  take  them  nwsy,  feeing  they  came  lawfully  by  them 
(bv  trade  with  the  French  and  Dutch  for  the  mod  part) 
and  ufcd  them  only  for  killing  of  fowl  and  dear  &c.  ex- 
cept they  brought  themfelves  int«  the  ftate  of  an  enemy, 
therefore  we  thought  it  better  to  trufl  God  with  our  fafe- 
ty  than  to  fave  ourfelves  by  unrighteoufnefs. 

At  this  court  we  were  informed  of  fomc  englifli  to  the 
caftward  who  ordinarily  traded  powder  to  the  indians, 
and  lived  alone  under  no  government ;  whereupon  we 
granted  warrant  to  a  gentleman,  that  upon  due  proof  &c. 
he  (h-ould  take  away  their  powdtr,  leaving  them  fufficicnt 
for  their  own  occafion. 

This  court  alfo  took  order  that  every  town  fhould  be 

fur- 


St  GOVERNOR     WINTRHOP's 

1644.  furnlfhed  with  powder  out  of  the  comon  ftore, 
i  \  '  for  it  in  country  commodities,  likewife  for  mufkets  ;  and 
for  military  watches  and  alarms  <&c.  Prefently  upon 
this  there  arof«  an  alarm  in  the  night  upon  thig  occafion. 
(7)  19.  A  man  travelling  late  from  Dorchefter  to  Watertown, 
lofl  his  way,  and  being  benighted  and  in  a  fwamp  about 
to  of  the  clock,  hearing  fome  wolves  howl,  and  fearing 
to  be  devoured  of  them,  he  cried  out  help,  help—one  that 
dwelt  within  hearing,  over  againft  Cambridge,  hallood  to 
him,  the  other  flill  cried  out,  which  caufed  the  man  t« 
fear  that  the  Indians  had  gotten  fome  englifliman  and 
were  torturing  him,  but  not  daring  to  go  to  hira,  he  dif- 
charged  a  piece  two  or  three  times— this  $ave  the  alarm 
to  Watertown,  and  fo  it  went  as  far  as  Salem  and  Dor- 
chefter, but  about  one  or  two  of  the  clock  no  enemy  ap- 
pearing &c.  all  retired  but  the  wetch. 

At  this  court  alfo  four  of  Providence  who  could  not 
tonfort  with  Gorton  and  that  company,  and  therefore 
were  continually  injured  and  molefted  by  them,  came  and 
offered  themfelvei  arid  their  lands  &c.  to  us,  and  were 
accepted  under  our  government  and  prote&ion.  Thii 
we  did  partly  to  re.fcue  thofe  men  from  unjuft  violence, 
and  partly  to  draw  in  the  reft  in  thofe  parts  either  under 
Ourfelves  or  Plimouth,  who  now  lived  under  no  govern- 
inent,  but  grew  very  offen five,  and  the  place  was  likely 
to  be  of  ufc  to  us,  efpecially  if  we  (hould  have  occafion  of 
fending  out  againft  any  of  the  indians  of  Naraganfett 
Bay,  and  feeing  it  came  without  our  feeking,  and  would, 
be  no  charge  to  us,  w«  thought  it  not  wifdom  to  let  it 
flip. 

The  englifH  of  Southampton  on  Long  Ifland,  having 
certain  intelligence  of  one  of  thofe  indians  who  murdered 
Hammond,  who  wag  put  afhorc  there  with  others  when 
their  pinnace  was  wrecked,  fent  Capt.  Howe  and  eight 
or  ten  men  to  take  him.  He  being  in  the  wigwam  ran 
out  and  with  his  knife  wounded  one  oi  the  englifh  in  the 
breaft.  and  fo  behaved  himfclf  as  they  were  forced  to  kill 
him. 

S2  The  court,  with  advice  of  the  elders,  ordered  a  general 
faft.  The  occaltont  were.  t.  The  ill  news  we  had  out 
ef  England  concerning  the  breach  between  the  king  and 
parliament.  2.  The  danger  of  the  indians.  3.  The  un- 
feafonable  weather,  the  rain  having  continued  fo  long, 
viz.  near  a  fortnight  together  fcarce  one  fair  day,  and 
much  corn  and  hay  fpoiled,  tho'  indeed  it  proved  a  blefs- 

ing 


JOURNAL.  1 

ing  to  uf,  for  it  being  with  warm  eafterly  winds  it  brought      1641 
theindian  corn  to  maturity,  which  otherwiie  would  not 
have  been  ripe,  and  it  plcafed  God  that  fo  loon  «»  the  faft 
was  agreed  upon,  the  weather  changed,   and  proved  fair 
after. 

At  this  court  th«  propofitions  fent  from  Conne&icut 
about  a  combination  &c.  were  read,  and  refencd  10  9 
committee  to  confider  of  after  the  court,  who  meeting, 
added  fome  few  caution*  and  new  articles,  and  for  the 
taking  in  of  Plimouth  (who  were  now  \villing)  and  Sir 
Ferdinand  Gorges'  province,  and  fo  returned  them  back 
to  Connecticut  to  be  confidered  upon  againil  the  fpring, 
for  winter  was  now  approaching,  and  there  could  be  no 
meeting  before  &c« 

The  fudden  fall  of  land  and  cattle,  and  the  fcarcity  of 
foreign  commodities  and  money  &c.  with  the  thin  accef* 
of  people  from  England,  put  many  into  an  unfettled 
frame  of  fpirit,  fo  as  they  concluded  there  would  be  no 
fubfifting  here,  and  accordingly  they  began  to  haften  a- 
•way,  fome  to  the  W.  Indies,  others  to  the  Dutch  at  Long 
Ifland  &c.  (for  the  Governor  there  invited  them  by  fair 
offers)  and  others  back  for  England.  Among  others 
who  returned  thither,  there  was  one  of  the  magiftrates, 
Mr.  Humphry,  and  four  minifteri  and  a  fchoolmaflcr ; 
thefe  would  needs  goagainft  all  advice, and  had  a  fair  and 
fpeedy  voyage  'till  they  came  near  England,  all  which 
time  three  of  the  minifters  with  the  fchoolrnafter,  fpak« 
reproachfully  of  the  people  and  of  the  country,  but  the 
wind  coming  up,  they  weretofied  up  and  down  (facing  in 
lober)  fo  long  'till  their  provisions  and  other  neceflarisa 
were  near  fpent,  and  they  w«re  forced  to  ftrait  allow- 
ince,  yet  at  length  the  wind  coming  fair  again,  they  got 
into  the  fleeve,  but  then  there  arofe  fo  great  a  tempeft  at 
S,E.  as  they  could  bear  no  fail,  and  fo  were  out  of  hop« 
of  being  faved  (being  in  the  night  alfo)  then  they  hum- 
bled themfelvcs  before  the  Lord,  and  acknowledged  God'f 
hand  to  be  juftly  cut  againft  them  for  fpeaking  evil  of 
this  good  land  and  the  Lord's  people  here  &c.  Only 
•ne  of  them,  Mr.  Philip's  of  Wrenthara  in  England  haa 
not  joined  with  the  reit,  but  fpaVe  well  of  the  people  and 
of  the  country  ;  upon  this  it  pleafed  tke  Lord  to  fparc 
their  lives,  and  when  they  jexpefted  every  moment  to 
l»av«  been  dafhed  upon  the  rocks  (for  they  were  hard  by 
tke  needles)  he  turned  tke  wind  fo  as  they  were  carrie* 
faft  to  tkt  Ifle  of  With  by  St.  Helen's :  y«t  th«  Lord  fol- 
low- 


54  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1642.  lowed  them  on  Chore.  Some  were  expofed  to  great  ftraiti 
and  found  no  entertainment,  their  friends  forlaking  thc-rn 
— ione  had  a  daughter  that  prefcntly  ran  mad,  and  two 
other  of  his  daughters,  being  under  ten  years  of  age,  were 
diicovcred  to  have  been  often  abufcd  by  divers  lewd  per- 
fons,  and  filthineis  in  his  family.  The  {choolrnafl^r  had 
no  fooner  hired  an  houfe,  and  gotten  in  fome  Ich-olars, 
but  the  plague  let  in,  and  took  away  two  of  his  own  chil- 
dren. 

Others  who  went  to  other  plac«&  upon  like   ground* 
fucceeded  no  better  ;  they  fled  for  fear  of  want,  and   ma- 
ny of  them  fell  into  it,  even  to  extremity,  as  if  they  had 
haftened  into  the  mifery  which  they  feared  and  fled  from, 
befidcsthe  ciepriving    themlelves   of  the   ordinances  and 
church  fellow thip,  and  thofe  civil    liberties  which  they 
enjoyed  here,  whereas  fuch  as  (laid  in  their  places,  kept 
their  peace  and  cafe,  and  enjoyed  ftill  the  blefling  of  the 
ordinances,  and  never  tafted  of  thole  troubles  and  mife- 
ries  which  they  heard  to- have  befallen  thofe  who  depart- 
ed.    Much  difputation  there  was  about  liberty  of  remov- 
ing for  outward  advantages,  and  all  ways  were  fought  for 
an  open  door  to  get  out  at ;  but  it  is  to  b«  feared  many 
crept  out  at  a  broken  wal'l  :  for  fuch  as  come  together  in- 
to a  wildernefs,  where  are    nothing  but  wild   beafts  and 
beaftlike  men,  and  there  confederate  together  in  civil  and 
church  eftate,  whereby  they  do,  implicitly  at  leaft,  bind 
themfelves  to  fupport  each  other,  and  all  them  that  iocie- 
ty,  whether  civil   or  facred,  whereof  they  arc  members, 
how  they  can  break  from  this  without  free  conlent,   is 
hard  to  find,  fo  as  may  fatisfy  at  tender   Or   good    confci- 
ence  in  time  of  trial.     Afk  thy  conscience  if  thou  wouMft 
have  plucked  up  thy  flakes,  and  brought  thy  family  3000 
miles  if  thou  hadft  expe£led  that  all,  or  moft,  would  have 
forfaken  th^ee  there.     Afk  again    what  liberty  thou  haft 
towards  others  which  thou  likefl  nor  to  allow  others  to- 
wards thyfelf,  for  if  one  may  go  another  may,  and  fo  the 
greater  part,   and  fo  church  and  commonwealth  may  be 
left  diftitute  in   a  wildernefs   expofed  to  mifery    and  re- 
proach, and  all  for  thy  edie  and    plcafure,   whereas  thefc 
all,  being  now  thy  brethren,  as  near  to  thee  as  the  Ifrael- 
ites  were  to  Mcfes,  it  were  much  fafer  for  thee.  after  hiS* 
example,  to  choofe   lather  to   luffcr   affliftion    with  thy 
brethren,  than   to  enlarge  thy  eafe  and  pleafure  by  fur- 
thering the  occafion  of  their  ruin. 

Nine  bachcllors  commenced  at  Cambridge  ;  they  were 

young 


J    O    U     k    N     A    L. 

young  men  of  good  hope,  and  performed  their  afts  fo  as 
gave  good  proof  of  their  proficiency  in  the  tongues  and 
arts.  The  general  court  had  fettled  a  government  or  fu- 
perintendency  over  the  college,  viz.  all  the  magiftrateS 
and  elders  of  the  three  neareft  churches,  and  the  prefi- 
dent  or  the  greateft  p,m  of  thefe.  Moft  of  them  were 
BOW  prefent  at  this  fii  ft  commencement,  and  dined  at  the 
college  with  the  fcholars  ordinarv  commons,  which  was 
done  of  purpofe  for  the  fludents  encouragement  &c.  and 
it  gave  good  content  to  all. 

At  this  commencement  complaint  was  made  to  the 
governors  of  two  young  men  of  good  quality  lately  come 
out  of  England,  for  foul  misbehaviour,  in  fwearing  and 
ribaldry  fpeeches  &c.  for  which,  trio'  they  were  adult, 
they  were  corrected  in  the  college,  and  fequcftered  &c. 
for  a  time. 

Here  came  in  a  French  fhallop  with  fome  14  men,  6 
whereof  one  was  La  Tour  his  lieutenant.  They  brought 
letters  from  La  Tour  to  the  Governor,full  of  compliments 
anddefire  of afiiftance  from  us  againft  Monf.  D'Aulnay. 
They  Raid  her*  about  a  week  and  were  kindly  entertain- 
ed, and  tho'  they  were  papifts,  yet  they  came  to  our 
church  meeting  ;  and  the  li  utenant  fccmed  to  be  much 
affefted  to  find  things  as  he  did.  and  profefled  he  never 
faw  fo  good  order  in  any  place.  One  of  the  elders  gave 
hint  a  frcnch  teftament  with  notes,  which  he  kind- 

ly accepted,  and  promifed  to  read  it. 

Six  Chips  went  hence   laden  with  pipe  ftaves  and  other     13 
commodities  of  this    country — four    went   a  little  before. 
Of  thefe.  four  were  built  in  the  country  this  year.     Thus 
God  provided  for  us  beyond  expe&ation. 

Mention  i$    made  before  of  the  white  hills  difcovered     (6.) 
by  one  Darby  Feald.     The  report    he  brought  of  ftrange 
flones  &c.  caufed  divers  others  to  travel  thither,  but  they 
found  nothing  worth   their  pains.     Amongft  others  Mr. 
Gorge  and  Mr.  Vines  two  of  the  magiftrates  of  Sir  Fer- 
dinand Gorge  his  province,  went   thither  about   the  end 
•f  this  month.     They  w*nt  up  Saco   river   in   birch   ca- 
noes, and  that  way  they   found  it  90  miles  to  Pegwaggett 
an  indian  town,  but  by  land  it  is  but  60.     Upon  Saco  riv- 
er they  found  many    thoufand  acres  of  rich  meadow,  but 
there  are  ten  falls  which  hinder  boats  &e.     From  the  In- 
dian town  they  went  up  hill  (for  the  moft  part)  about  30 
toiles  in  woody  lands,  then  they  went  about  7  or  8  miles 
upon* (haltered  rocks,  without  tree  or  grafs,  very  ftcep  all 
L  1  the! 


266  GOVERNOR    Wl  NTH  ROP's 

1642.  the  way.  At  the  top  is  a  plain  about  3  or  4  miles  over, 
*  v  '  all  {hatter 'd  ftones,  and  upon  that  is  an  other  rock  or 
fpire  about  a  mile  in  height,  and  about  an  acre  of 
ground  at  the  top.  At  the  top  of  the  plain  arife  four 
great  river*,  each  of  them  fo  much  water  at  the  firft  iffue 
as  would  drive  a  mill.  Conne&ieut  river  from  two  heads 
at  the  N.W.  and  S.W.  which  join  in  one  about  60  miles 
off — Sac©  river  on  the  S.E. — Amafcogg«n  which  runs  in- 
to Cafcobay  at  the  N.E.  and  Kennebeck  at  the  N.  by  E. 
The  mountain  runs  E.  and  W.  30  or  40  miles,  but  the 
peak  is  above  all  the  reft.  They  went  and  returned  in  15 
days. 

(8)  18.  All  the  elders  met  at  Ipfwich  ;  they  took  into  eonfider- 
ation  the  book  which  was  committed  to  them  by  the  Ge- 
neral Court,  and  were  much  different  in  their  judgments 
about  it,  but  at  length  they  agreed  upon  this  aniwer  in 
ofleft. 

Whereas  in  the  book  there  were  three  propofitioRS 
laid  down,  and  then  the  application  of  them  to  the  {land- 
ing council,  and  then  the  arguments  enforcing  the  fame. 
The  propofitions  were  thefe. 

1  In  a  commonwealth  rightly  and  religioufly  conftituted 
there  is  no  power,  office,  adminiftration,or  duty  but  fuch 
as  are  commanded  and  ordained  of  God. 

2  The  powers,  offices,  and  adminiftrations   that  are  or- 
dained of  God  as  aforefaid,  being  given,  difpenfed,  and 
erefted  in  a  chriftian  commonwealth  by  his  good  provi- 
dence— proportioned  to  his  rule,  to  tkeir  ftate  and  con- 
dition— eflablifhed  by  his  power  againft  all  oppontion— 
carried  on  and  accompanied  with  his  prefence  and  blefs- 
ing,  ought  not  to  be  by  them  either  changed  or  altered 
but  upon  fuch  grounds— for  fuch  ends— in  that  manner, 
and  only  fo  far  as  the  mind  of  God  may  be   manifefted 

3  therein.     3.  The  mind  of  God  is  never  manifefted  con- 
cerning the  change  or  alteration  of  any  civil  ordinance 
erefted  or  eflablifhed  by  him  as  aforefaid  in  a  chriftian 
commonwealth,  fo  long  as  all  the  cafes,  counfcls,  fervices 
and  occafions  thereof  may  be  duly  and   fully  ended,  or- 
dered, executed  and  performed  without  any  change  or 
alteration  of  government. 

In  their  anfwer  they  allowed  the  faid  propofitions  to 
be  found,  with  this  iliftin&ion  in  the  i  ft.  viz.  That  all 
lawful  powers  are  ordained  &c.  either  exprefsly  or  by 
confequcnce — by  particular  examples  ©r  by  general 
rules. 

In 


JOURNAL.  167 

In  the  applications  tkey  diftinguifhedbetweeu  a  ftanding  1642. 
council  inverted  with  a  kind  of  tranfcendent  authority  **— -v— — ' 
beyond  other  magiftrates,  or  elfe  any  kind  of  {landing 
council  diftin&  from  magiftrates  ;  the  former  they  feem 
implicitly  to  difallow  ;  the  latter  they  approve  as  necef- 
fary  for  us,  not  difproportionablo  to  our  eftate,  nor  of 
any  dangerous  confequencc  for  difunion  among  the  ma- 
giftrates, or  fa&ions  among  the  people,  which  were  the 
arguments  ufedby  the  author  againftour  council.  Some 
paffages  they  wifh  had  b«en  fpared,  and  other  things  o- 
mitted,  which  if  fupplied,  might  have  cleared  fome  paf- 
fages which  may  feem  to  reflect  upon  the  prefent  coun- 
cils, which  they  do  think  not  to  be  of  that  momant,  but 
that  the  uprightntfs  of  his  intentions  confidered,  and  the 
liberty  given  for  advice,  according  to  the  rules  of  religi- 
on, peace  and  prudence,  they  would  be  paffed  by. 

Laftly}  they  declare  their  prefent  thoughts  about  the 
moulding  and  perfe&ingof  a  council,  in  four  rules. 

i.  Th;it  all  the  magiftrates,  by  their  calling  and  of- 
fice, together  with  the  cara  of  judicature,  are  to  confult 
for  the  provifion,  protection,  and  univerfal  welfare  of  the 
commonwealth. 

£.  Some  feleft  men  taken  out  from  the  afliftants,  or 
other  freemen,  being  called  thereunto,  be  in  efpecial  to 
attend  by  way  of  council,  for  tho  provilion,  protection, 
and  welfare  of  the  commonwealth. 

|.  This  council,  as  counfellors,  have  no  power  ef  ju- 
dicature. 

4.  In  cafes  of  inftant  danger  to  the  commonwealth, 
in  the  interim, before  a  general  court  can  be  called  (which 
were  meet  to  be  done  with  all  fpeedj  what  (hall  be  con- 
fcnted  unto  and  concluded  by  this  council,  or  the  major 
part  of  them,  together  witk  the  confentof  the  magiftrate* 
or  the  major  part  of  them,  may  ftand  good  and  firm  'till 
the  general  court. 

Some  of  our  magiftrates  fent  a  pinnace  to  trade  with  (9)  7, 
La  Tour  in  St.  John'*  river  ;  he  welcomed  them  very 
kindly,  and  wrote  to  our  Governor  letters  very  gratula- 
latory  for  his  lieutenant's  entertainment  &c.  and  withal 
a  relation  of  the  ftate  of  the  controverfy  between  himfelf 
and  Monf.  D'Aulnay.  In  their  return  they  met  with 
B'Aulnay  at  Pemaquid,  who  wrote  alfo  to  our  Governor, 
and  fent  him  a  printed  copy  of  the  arreft  againft  La  tour, 
and  threatened  us  that  if  any  of  our  vefTels  came  to  La 
tour,  he  would  make  prize  of  them, 


»68  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'* 

1642.          The  village  at  the  end  of  Charleflown  bounds  was  call- 

v ,— — '  ed  Woburn,  where  they  had  gathered  a  church,  and  this 

22  day  Mr.  Carter  was  ordained  their  paflor,  with  the  aflift- 
ance  of  the  elders  of  other  churches.  Some  difference 
there  was  about  his  ordination  ;  fome  advifed,  in  regard 
they  had  no  eider  of  their  own,  nor  any  members  very 
fit  to  folemnize  fuch  an  ordinance,  they  would  defire 
jfo:ne  of  the  elders  of  the  other  churches  to  have  psrform- 
ed  it  ;  but  others  fuppofmg  it  might  be  an  occanon  of  in- 
troducing a  dependency  of  churches  &c.  and  fo  a  pref- 
bytery,  would  not  allow  it,  fo  it  was  performed  by  one 
of  their  own  members,  but  not  fo  well  and  orderly  as  it 
ought. 

Divers  houfes  were  burnt  this  year  by  drying  of  flax  ; 
among  others  one  B  of  Watertown  a  rich  man  a  tan- 
ner, who  had  refufed  to  let  his  neighbour  have  leather  for 
corn,  faying  He  had  corn  enough  ;  had  his  barn  and  corn 
and  leather  &c.  burnt  to  the  value  erf  £±oo. 

Mr.  Larkam  of  Northam.  alias  Dover,  fuddenly  dif- 
eovering  a  purpofe  to  go  to  England,  and  fearing  to  be 
difluadcd  bv  his  people,  gave  them  his  faithful  promifc 
not  to  go,  but  yet  foon  after  he  gat  on  fhip  board,  and  fo 
departed.  It  was  time  for  him  to  be  gone,  for  not  long 
after  a  widow  which  kept  in  his  houfe, being  a  very  hand- 
fome  women,  and  about  50  years  of  age,  proved  to  be 
with  child,  and  being  examined,  at  firft  refufed  to  confefg 
the  father,  but  in  the  end  (he  laid  it  to  Mr.  Larkam.  Up- 
on this  the  church  of  Dover  looked  out  for  another-alder, 
and  wrote  to  the  elders  to  defire  their  help. 

There  arrived  at  Bofton  a  fmall  fhip  from  the  Madei- 
ras with  wine  and  fugar  &c.  which  were  prefently  fold 
forpipe  Raves  and  othercommoditiei  of  the  country  which 
were  returned  to  the  Madeiras  :  but  the  merchant  him- 
felf,  one  Mr.  Parifh,  ftaid  divers  months  after.  He  had 
lived  at  the  Madeiras  many  years  among  the  priefts  and 
jefuits,  who  (old  him  when  h«  was  to  come  hither,  that 
thofe  of  New  England  were  the  worfl  of  all  hereticks, 
and  that  they  were  the  caufe  of  the  troubles  in  England, 
and  of  the  pulling  down  the  bifhops  there.  When  he 
went  away  he  bleffed  God  for  bringing  him  hither,  pro- 
f effing  that  he  would  not  Iqfe  what  ke  had  gotten  in  New- 
England  for  all  the  wealth  in  the  world.  He  went  a- 
wav  in  a  pinnace  built  here,  intending  a  fpeedy  r«turn, 
By  the  way  his  pinnace  (being  calked  in  the  winter)  pro- 
ved very  leaky,  fo  as  all  the  feamen,  being  tired  out  with 

pump* 


JOURNAL,  2fig 

Dumping  gave  her  over,  but  Mr.  Parifti  continued   the      1642* 
pump,  and  fo  kept  her  up,  till  it  pleafed  God  they  efpied    <»«-v~«J 
land,  and  fo  they  came  fafe  to  Fayall. 

TKofe  of  the  lower  part  of  the  river  Pifcataq  :  invited  (10.) 
one  Mr.  Junes  Parker  of  Weymouth,  a  godly  man  and  a 
fcholar.  one  who  had  been  many  years  a  deputy  for  the 
public  court,  to  be  their  minifter.  He  by  advice  of  div- 
trs  of  the  magiftrates  and  elders,  accepted  the  call,  anil 
went  and  taught  among  them  this  winter,  and  it  pleafed 
God  to  give  great  fucc^fs  to  his  labours,  fo  as  above  40  of 
them,  whereof  the  moft  had  been  very  profane,  and  iome 
of  them  profeffed  enemies  to  the  way  of  our  churches, 
wrote  to  the  magiftrates  and  elders,  acknowledging  the 
iinful  courfe  they  had  lived  in,  and  bewailing  the  fame, 
and  bleffing  God  for  calling  them  out  of  it,  and  earneftly 
defiring  that  Mr.  Parker  might  be  'fettled  amongft  them. 
Moft  of  them  fell  back  again  in  time,  embracing  this  pre- 
fent  world. 

This  winter  was  the  greateft  fnow  we  had  fince  we 
came  into  the  country,  but  it  lay  not  long,  and  the  froft 
was  more  moderate  than  in  fome  other  winters. 

News  came  out  of  England  by  two  fifhrng  flaips  of  the  (12.) 
civil  wars  there  between  the  king  and  the  parliament, 
whereupon  the  churches  kept  divers  days  of  humiliation, 
but  fome  of  the  magiftrates  were  not  fatisfied  about  the 
often  reiteration  of  them  for  the  fame  caufe,  but  they 
would  not  contend  with  the  elders  about  it,  but  left  the 
churches  to  their  liberty. 

At  7  in  the  morning,  being  the  Lord's  day,  there  was  a      (i.)  5 
great  earthquake,  it  came  with   a  rumbling  noife  like  the 
foimer,  but  thro'  the  Lord's  mercy,  it  did  no  harm. 

The  churches  held  a  different  courfe  in  raifing  themin- 
ifters  maintenance — fome  did  it  by  way  of  taxation,  which 
was  very  offenfive  to  fome.  Amongft  others  one  Briftoe 
of  Watertown,  who  had  his  barn  burnt,  as  before  mem- 
tioned,  being  grieved  with  that  courfe  in  their  town,  tke 
rather  becaufe  himfeH  and  others  who  were  no  members 
were  taxed,  wrote  a  book  againft  it,  wherein,  befides  his 
arguments  which  were  weighty,  he  cad  the  reproach  up- 
on the  elders  and  officers.  This  book  he  publiflaed 
underhand,  which  occafioned  much  ftir  in  the  town. 
At  length  he  and  two  more  were  convcnted  before  the 
court,  where  he  acknowledged  his  fault  in  thofe  reproach- 
ful fpeeches  and  in  publifhing  it,  whereas  it  kad  been  his 
duty  to  have  acquainted  the  court  or  magiftrates  with  his 

griev- 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

ancc  <&c.  (but  for  the  arguments  in  the  point  there  was 
nothing  required  of  him)  and  was  ftned/*io  for  that  and 
fome  flighting  of  the  court,  and  one  of  the  publishers 

4°/- 

Corn  was  very  fcarce  all  over  the  9ountry,  fo  as  by  the 
end  of  the  ad.  month  many  families  ia  moft  towns  had 
none  to  eat,  but  were  forced  to  live  of  clams,  mufcles, 
cataos,  dry  fifti  &c.  and  fince  this  came  by  the  juft  hand 
of  the-  Lord  to  punifh  our  ingratitude  and  covetoufnefs, 
for  corn  being  plenty  divers  years  before,  it  was  fo  under- 
valued, as  it  would  not  pafs  for  any  commodity  :  if  one 
offered  a  fhop  keeper  corn  for  any  thing,  his  anfwer 
would  be,  he  knew  not  what  to  do  with  it.  So  for  la- 
bourers and  artificers  ;  but  now  they  would  have  done 
any  work,  or  parted  with  any  commodity  for  corn,  and 
the  hufbandman  he  now  made  his  advantage,  for  he 
would  part  with  no  corn,  for  tine  moft  part,  but  for  ready 
money  or  for  cattle  at  fuch  a  price  as  fhould  be  i  ad.  in 
the  buflael  more  to  him  than  ready  money,  and  indeed  it 
was  a  very  fad  thing  to  fee  how  little  of  a  public  fpirit 
appeared  in  the  country,  but  of  felflove  too  much.  Yet 
there  were  fome  here  and  there  who  were  men  of  another 
fpirit,  and  were  willing  to  abridge  thcmfelves  that  others 
might  be  fupplied.  The  immediate  eaufes  of  this  fcarcity 
were  the  cold  and  wet  fummer,  efpecially  in  the  time  of 
the  firft  harveft  ;  alfo  the  pigeons  came  in  fueh  flocks 
(about  10,000  in  one  flock)  that  beat  down  and  eat  up  a 
very  great  quantity  of  all  forts  of  englifh  grain,much  corn 
fpent  in  letting  out  the  {hips  catchers  &c.  Laftly  there 
were  fuch  abundance  of  mice  in  the  barns  that  devoured 
much  there ;  the  mice  alfo  did  much  fpoil  in  orchards 
eating  off  the  bark  at  the  bottom  of  the  fruit  trees  in  the 
time  of  the  fnow,  fo  as  never  kad  been  known  the  like 
fpoil  in  any  former  winter.  So  many  enemies  doth  the 
Lord  arm  againft  our  daily  bread,  that  we  might  know 
we  are  to  eat  it  in  the  fweat  of  our  brows. 

(i)  30.  The  Trial,  Mr.  Coytmere  mafter,  arrived,  and  a  week 
after  one  of  the  catckers.  He  failed  irft  to  Fayal  where 
he  found  an  extraordinary  good  market  for  his  pipe  ftaves 
and  fifh.  He  took  wine  and  fugar  &c.  and  failed  hence 
to  Pt.Peters  in  th  e  W.Indies  where  he  put  off  fome  of  his 
wine  for  cotton  and  tobacco  &c.  and  for  iron  which  the 
iflanders  had  faved  of  the  fkips  which  were  there  caft 
away.  He  obtained  licence  alfo  of  the  Governor  Sir 
Thomas  Warner,  to'take  up  what  ordonance,  anchors  &c. 

he 


JOURNAL.  27* 

A 

he  could,  and  was  to  have  the  one  half;  and  by  the  help 
of  a  diving  tub  he  took  up  $o  guns  and  anchors  and  ca- 
bles, which  he  brought  home,  and  ibm«  gold  and  rilver 
alfo  which  he  got  by  trade,  and  fo,  thro'  the  Lord's  blefs- 
ing,  they  made  a  good  veyage,  which  did  much  cncouraga 
the  merchants,  and  made  wine  and  fugar  and  cotton  very 
plentiful  and  cheap  in  tke  country. 

Two  catchers  alfo  which  were  gone  to  tha  W.  Indies 
for  cotton  &c.  arrived  fafe  not  long  after,  and  made  re- 
turn with  profit.  Another  fliip  alfo  called  the  Increafe 
fent  to  the  Madeiras  returned  fafe,  and  two  other  {hips 
After  tho'  they  went  among  the  Turks. 

There  was  a  piece  of  juftice  executed  at  New-Haven, 
which  lacing  the  firft  in  that  kind,  is  not  unworthy  to  be 
recorded.  Mr.  Malbon  one  of  the  magiftrates  there  had 
a  daugkter  about  years  of  age  which  was  openly  whip- 
ped, her  father  joining  in  the  fentence.  The  caufe  was 
thus. 

\Hert,  is  a  blank  in  tht  copy.    Edit.], 

The  wife  of  one  Oymoe  of  Roxbury  died  in  great  dcf- 
pair  :  fbehad  been  a  fervant  there,  and  was  very  ftubborr* 
and  felfwilled.  After  (he  was  married  ihe  grew  very 
worldly,  aiming  at  great  matters  :  ker  firftchild  was  (till 
born,  thro'  her  unrulimefs  and  falling  into  a  fever — {he 
fell  withal  into  great  horror  asd  trembling,  fo  a*  it  flaook 
the  room  &c.  and  crying  out  of  her  torraent,  and  of  her 
ftubbornefs  and  unprofitablenefs  under  the  means,  and 
her  lying  to  her  dame  in  denying  fomewhat  that  in  liquor 
{he  had  taken  away,  and  of  her  worldlinefs^  faying  'that 
{he  negle&ed  her  ipiritual  good  for  a  little  worldly  trafe, 
and  now  fhe  nauft  go  to  everlaftinj  torments,  and  exhort- 
ed otkers  to  take  heed  of  fuch  evils  &c.  and  ftill  crying 
out  O  !  ten  thoufand  worlds  for  one  drop  of  Chrift  Sec. 
After  fhe  had  then  been  filent  a  few  hours  fhe  began  to 
fpeak  again,  and  being  exhorted  to.  confider  of  God's  ia- 
fiaite  mercy  &c.  {lie  gave  ftill  this  anfwer,  "  I  cannot  for 
my  life,"  and  fo  died. 

The  three  minifters  which  were  fent  to  Virginia,  viz. 
Mr.  Tomfon,  Mr.  Knelles  and  Mr.  James  from  New- 
Haven,  departed  (8)  7.  and  were  eleven  weeks  before 
they  arriyed.  They  lay  wind-bound  foinetirne  at  Aqui- 
day :  tken  as  they  pafied  Hellgate  between  Long  Ifland 
and  the  Dutch,  their  pinnace  was  bilged  upon  the  rocks, 
fo  as  fhe  was  near  founder'd  kefore  they  could  run  on 
*ht  next  (hore,  The  Dutch  Governor  gave  them  {lender 

CR- 


7t  GOVERNOR     WINTRHOP's 

1643.      entertainment,  but  Mr.   Allcrton   of  New-Haven  being 

v '  there,  took  great  pains  and  care  for  them,  and   procured 

them  a  very  good  pinnace  and  all  things  neceflary,  fo 
they  fet  fail  in  the  dead  of  winter,  a,nd  had  much  foul 
weather,  lo  as  with  great  difficulty  and  danger  they  ar- 
rived fafe  in  Virginia  ;  here  they  found  very  loving  and 
liberal  entertainment,  and  were  beftowed  in  feveral  pla- 
cet, not  by  the  Governor,  but  by  fome  well  difpofed  peo- 
ple who  deftrcd  their  company.  In  their  way  the  diffi- 
culties and  dangers  which  they  were  continually  exercif- 
•d  with,  put  them  to  fome  queftion  whether  their  call 
were  of  God  or  not,  but  fo  foon  as  they  arrived  there  and 
had  been  fomewhat  refrefhed,  Mr.  Tomfon  wrote  back, 
that  being  a  very  melancholic  man  and  of  a  crazy  body, 
he  found  his  health  fo  repaired,  and  his  fpirit  fo  enlarged 
&c.  as  he  had  not  been  in  the  like  condition  fince  he 
came  to  New-England,  but  this  was  to  ftrengthen  him 
for  a  greater  trial,  for  his  wife,  a  godly  young  woman, 
and  a  comfortable  help  to  him,  being  left  behind  with  a 
company  of  Imall  children,  was  taken  away  by  death,  and 
all  his  children  fcatterad,  but  well  difpofed  of  among  hi» 
godly  friends. 

(4)  20.  Mr.  Knolles  returned  from  Virginia  and  brought  let- 
ters from  his  congregation  and  others  there  to  our  elders, 
which  were  openly  read  in  Bofton  at  a  lefture,  whereby 
it  appeared  that  God  had  greatly  bleffed  their  miniftry 
there,  fo  as  the/ people's  hearts  were  much  inflamed  with 
defire  after  the  ordinances,  and  though  the  flate  did  fi- 
lencc  the  minifters  becaufe  they  would  not  conform  to 
the  order  of  England,  yet  the  people  rcforted  to  them  in 
private  houfes  to  hear  them  as  before. 

There  fell  out  hot  wars  between  the  Dutch  and  the  in- 
dians  thereabout.  The  occafion  was  this.  An  indian 
being  drunk,  had  (lain  an  old  dutchman — the  c'utch  re- 
quired the  murderer,  buf  be  could  not  be  had.  The  peo- 
ple called  often  upon  the  Governor  to  take  revenge,  but 
he  ftill  put  it  off,  either  for  that  he  thought  it  net  juft  or 
not  fafe  &c.  It  fell  out  that  the  Mowhawks,  a  people 
that  live  upon  or  near  Hudfon's  river,  cither  upon  their 
own  quarrel,  or  rather,  as  th«  report  went,  being  fet  on 
by  the  dutch,  canae  fuddenly  upon  the  indians  near  the 
dutch  and  killed  about  30  of  them,  the  reft  flfd  for  fhel- 
ter  to  the  dutch.  One  Marine  a  dutch  captain  hearing 
of  it,  goeth  to  the  Goveinor,  and  obtains  commiflion  •£ 
him  to  kill  fo  many  as  he  could  of  them,  and  accordingly 

Wtnt 


JOURNAL.  373 

went  with  a  company  of  armed  men,  and  Getting  upon  1643. 
them,  fearing  no  ill  from  the  dutch,  he  flew  about  70  or 
So  men  women  and  children.  Upon  this  the  Indians 
burnt  divers  of  their  farm  hbufes  and  their  cattle  in  them, 
and  flew  .all  they  could  meet  with  to  the  number  of  20  or 
in  ore  of  men  women  and  children^  and  prefled  fo  hard 
upon  the  dutch,  even  home  to  their  fort,  that  they  wer« 
forced  to  call  in  tha  Englifh  to  their  aid.  and  entertained 
Capt.  Underhill  <3ec.  which  Marine,  the  dutch  captain, 
took  fo  ill,  feeing  the  Governor  to  prefer  him  before  him- 
felf,  that  he  presented  his  piftol  at  the  Governor,  but  was 
fbid  by  a  ftanclcrby  ;  then  a  tenant  of  Marine  difcharg'd 
his  mufket  at  the  Governor,  but  mifled  him  narrowly, 
whereupon  the  fentinel,  by  the  Governor's  command; 
{hot  that  fellow  prefently  dead.  His  head  was  fet  upon 
the  gallows,  and  the  captain  was  fent  prifoner  into  Hol- 
land. The  people  alfo  were  fo  offended  at  the  Governor 
for  the  damage  they  now  fuftained  by  the  Indians,  tho' 

•they  were  all  for  war  before,  that  the  Governor  dur.fl  not 
truft  himfelf  among  them,  but  entertained  a  guard  of  50 
Engliflb  about  his  perfon,  and  the  indians  did  fo  annoy 

'them  by  fudden  ailaults  out  of  the  fwamps  &c.  that  h« 
was  forced  to  keep  a  running  army  to  be  ready  to  oppofe 
them  upon  all  occafions* 

The  indians  alfo  of  Long  Ifland  took  part  with  their 
neighbours  upon  the  main,  and  a$  the  dutch  took  away 
their  corn  &c.  fo  they  fell  to  burning  the  Dutch  houfes  ; 
but  thefe  by  the  mediation  of  Mr.  Williams  who  was 
then  there  to  go  in  a  dutch  flap  for  England,  were  pacifi- 
ed, and  peace  reeftablifhed  between  the  dutch  and  them. 
At  length  they  came  to  an  accord  of  peace  with  the  reft 
of  the  indians  alfo. 

One  Jo.  Cook  pn  honeft  young  man  being  in  his  rnaf-  23 
ters  abfence  to  falute  a  fhip  &c.  in  the  vanity  of  his- 
inind,  thought  to  make  the  gun  give  a  great  report,  and 
accordingly  faid  to  forae  that  he  would  make  her  fpeak — 
overcharging  her  fhc  brake  all  into  fmall  pieces  and  fcat- 
ter'd  round  about  fomemen  a  flight  fhot  off;  hirnfelf  was- 
killed,  but  no  hurt  found  about  him  but  only  one  hand 
cut  off  and  beaten  a  good  diftanca  from  the  place  where 
he  flood  :  and  there  appeared  a  fpecial  providence  of 
God  in  it,  for  altho'  there  were  many  people  up  and 
down,  yet  none  was  hurt,  nor  was  any  near  the  gun  when 
fhe  was  firad,  whereas  wfually  they  gather  thither  on  fuch 

x  eccaftonf , 

M  m  One 


174  GOVERNOR   WIN  THROWS 

1643.  One  of  our  fhips  the  Seabiidge  arrived  with  20  chil- 
dren and  fom«  other  palTsngers  out  of  England,  and 
^300  worth  of  goods  purchased  with  th«  country's  (lock 
—given  by  iome  friends  in  England  the  year  before ;  and 
thole  children  with  many  more  to  come  after,  were  lent 
by  money  given  one  fad  day  in  London,  and  allowed  by 
the  pailiament  and  city  far  that  purpofc. 

The  houfe  of  commons  alfo  mane  an  order  in  our  favor 
which  was  fent  us  under  tha  hand  of  H.  Effinge.  Clerk 
Parl.  D.  C.  to  this  effeft,  viz.  ioth  March  1641. 

Whereas  the   plantations  in  New-England  have,  by  ths 
bK  fling  of  Almighty  God,  had  good  and  profperous  fuc- 
ctis  without  any  charge  to  this  (late,  and  are  now   likely 
to  prove  very  happy  for  the  propagation  of  the  gofpel  in 
thofe  parts,  and  very  beneficial  and  commodious  for  this 
kingdom  and  nation. — The  commons  now  aflembled   in 
parliament  do,  for  the  better  advancement  of  thefe  plan- 
tations and   encouragement  of  the    planters   &c.  ordain 
thatail  merchandizes,  goods  exported  &c.  into  New-Eng- 
land to  be  {'pent,  ufcd  or  employed  there  as  being  of  tha 
growth  of  that  country,  (hall,  iirported  hither,  or  put  a- 
board  to  be  fpent  &c.  in  the  voyage  going  or  returning, 
and  all  and  every  the  owners  fhereof,  be  free  of  all  cui 
torn  &c.  in    England   and   New-England    and    all  othe 
ports,  until  this  houfe   fhall  take  further  order.     This  tc 
be  oblerved  and  allowed  by  all  officers  and  perfons  what 
foever  upon  fhewing  forth  of  4his  order.     Signed  by  th 
faid  clerk  without  any  other  warrant.  Our  general  court 
upon  receipt  of  this  order,  caufed  the  fame,  with  our  hum 
ble  and  thankful  acknowledgment   of  fo  gr«at   a   favo 
from  that  honorable  affembly,  to  be   entered  verbatim  a 
mong  our  records,  in  perpetua  rd  mtmona. 

One  Richard  forvant  to  one  William 

of  Dorchefter,  being  come  out  of  fervice,  fell  to  work  a 
his  own  hand  and  took  great  wages  above  others,  anc 
would  not  work  but  for  ready  money.  By  this  means  in 
a  year,  or  little  mor«.  he  had  fcraped  together  about  £  2^ 
and  then  returned  with  his  prey  into  England,  fpeakinj 
evil  of  the  country  by  the  way  :  he  was  not  gone  far,  af 
ter  his  arrival,  but  the  cavaliers  met  him  and  eafed  him 
of  his  money,  fo  he  knew  no  better  way  but  to  return  to 
N.England  again  to  repair  his  lofs  in  that  place  which 
he  had  fo  much  difparaged. 

Mo.J.  10       Oui  court  of  elections  was  keld,  when  Mr.  Ez.  Rogers 
pador  of  the  church  in  Rowlyc,  preached.     He  was  call 

ei 


J    O    U     R     N     A    L. 

«d  to  it  by  a  company  of  freemen,  whereof  the  mod  were 
deputies  chofon  for  th«  court,  appointed  by'order  of  the 
laft  court  to  meet  at  Salem  about  nomination  of  fome  to  be 
put  to  the  vote  for  the  new  magiftrates.  Mr.  Rogers 
hearing  what  exception  was  taken  to  this  call,  as  unwar- 
rantable, wrote  to  the  Governor  for  advice  &c.  who  re- 
turned him  anfwer— That  he  did  account  his  calling  not 
to  be  fufficient,,yet  the  magiftrates  were  not  minded  to 
ftrive  with  the  deputies  about  it,  but  feeing  it  was  noifed 
in  the  country,  and  the  people  would  expeft  him,  and 
that  he  had  advifed  with  the  magiftrates  about  it,  he  wifh- 
cd  him  to  go  on.  In  his  fermon  he  defcribed  how  the 
Hjan  ought  to  be  qualified  whom  they  fhould  choofe  for 
their  Governor,  yet  difluaded  them  earneftly  from 
choofing  the  fame  man  twice  together,  and  exprefled  his 
diflike  of  that  with  fuch  vehemency  as  gave  offence  ; 
but  when  it  came  to  trial  the  former  Governor  Mr.  Win- 
throp  was  chofen  again,  and  two  more  magiftrates,  Mr. 
William  Hibbins  and  Mr.  Samuel  Simons. 

At  this  court  came  the  commiifioners  from  Plimouth, 
Connecticut  and  New-Haven,  viz.  From  Plimouth  Mr. 
Edward  Window  and  Mr.  Collins — from  Connecticut 
Mr.  Haynes  and  Mr.  Hopkins,  with  whom  Mr.  Fenwick 
of  Say  brook  joined — from  New-Haven  Mr.  Theophilus 
Eaton  and  Mr.  Grigfon.  Our  court  chofe  a  committee 
to  treat  with  them,  viz.  the  Governor  and  Mr.  Dudley 
and  Mr.  Bradftrcet,  being  of  the  magiftrates  ;  and  of  th* 
deputies,  Capt.  Gibbons,  Mr.  T  the  treafurer,  and 

Mr.  Hathorn.  Thcfe  coming  to  confultation  encounter- 
ed fome  difficulties,  but  being  all  defirous  of  union  and 
ftudious  of  peace,  they  readily  yielded  *ach  to  other  itt 
fuch  things  as  tended  to  common  utility  &c.  fe>  as  in  fome 
two  or  three  meetings  they  lovingly  accorded  upon  theft 
enfuing  articles,  which  being  allowed  by  our  court,  and 
figned  by  all  the  coinmiffioners,  were  fent  to  be  alfo  rati- 
fied by  the  general  courts  of  other  jurifdiftions  ;  only 
Plitnouth  commiffioners  having  power  only  to  treat,  but 
not  to  determine,  deferred  the  figning  of  them 'till  they 
came  home,  but  foon  after  they  were  ratified  by  their  ge- 
neral court  alfo. 

Tkofe  of  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorge  his  province  beyond 
Fifcat  :  were  not  received  nor  called  into  the  confedera- 
tion becaufe  they  ran  a  different  courfe  from  us  both  in 
their  miniftry  and  civil  adminiftraticn,  for  they  had  late- 
ly mack  Acomenticus  (a  p.oer  village)  a  corporation,  ana 

had 


s?6  GOVERNOR     WINTHROFs 

had  made  a  taylor  their  mayor,  and  had  entertained  one 
Mr.  Hull  an  excommunicated  peribn  and  very  conten- 
tious, for  their  minifter, 

At  this  court  of  ele&ions  there  arofe  a  fcruple  about  th0 
path  which  the  Governor  and  the  reft  of  the   magiftrates 
were  to  take,  viz.  about  the  firft  part  of  it  —  "  You  fkall 
bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  our  fovereign  Lord  King 
Charles*'  —  feeing  h*  had  violated  the  privileges  of  parlia- 
,  and  made  war  upon  them,    and  thereby   had   loft 
of  his  kingdom  and  many  of  his  fubjs&s  ;  where- 
it   was   thought  fit   to  omit  that  part  of  it  for  the 


prefen;-. 

About  this  time  two  plantations  began  to  be  fettled  up- 
$¥i  Merrimack,  Pentuckctt  called  Haverill  and   C 
eaU«4  Andover. 

The  Articles  of  Confederation,  between  the  plantations 
under  the  government  of  the  Mafiachufetts,  the  planta- 
tions under  the  government  of  New-Flimouth,  the  plan- 
Rations  under  thn  government  of  Connecticut  and  the 
govern  went  of  N~w-  Haven,  with  the  plantations  in  com- 
bination therewith  : 

WHEREAS  we  all  came  into  thefe  parts  of  America 
V/ith  one  and  the  fame  end  and  aim.  namely,  to  advances 
the  kingdom  of  our  Lord  Jefus  Chrift,  and  to  enjoy  the 
liberties  of  the  gofpcl  in  purity  with  peace  :  and  whereas 
by  our  fettling,  by  the  wife  providence  of  God,  we  are 
further  difperfed  upon  the  feacoafts  and  rivers  than  wa$ 
at  firft  intended,  fo  that  we  cannqt,  according  to  our  de- 
fire,  with  convenience  communicate  in  one  government 
and  jurifdi&ion  :  and  whereas  we  live  encompaffed  witU 
people  of  fsveral  nations  and  ftrange  languages,  which 
hereafter  may  prove  injurious  to  us  or  our  pofterity  ;  and 
for  as  much  as  the  natives  have  formerly  committed  fun- 
dry  infolencies  and  outrages  upon  feveral  plantations  of 
the  englifli,  and  have  of  late  combined  themfelves  againfl 
us,  and  feeing  by  reafon  of  the  fad  eliftraftions  in  Eng- 
land (which  they  have  hoard  of)  and  by  which  they 
know  we  are  hindered  both  from  that  humble  way  of 
fecking  advice  and  reaping  thofo  comfortable  fruits  of 
protection  which  at  other  times  we  might  well  expcft  — 
we  therefore  do  conceive  it  qjjr  bounden  duty  without 
delay,  to  enter  into  a  prefent  confociation  amongft  our- 
felves  for  mutual  help  and  ftrength  in  all  future  cpncern- 
?nent,  that  as  in  nation  and  religion,  fo  in  other  refpefts, 

w 


JOURNAL. 

jve  be  and  continue  one,  according  to  the  tenor  and  true      1643* 
meaning  of  the  eniuing  articles —  * 

i.  Wherefore  it  is  fully  agreed  and  concluded  be- 
tween the  parties  above  named,  andthjey  jointly  and  fev- 
trally  do.  by  thcfe  prefenU,  agree  and  conclude  that,  thoy 
all  be,  and  henceforth  be  called  by  the  name  of  the  Unit- 
ed Colonies  of  New-England. 

*.  Thefe  united  colonies,  for  themfclves  and  their 
pofterities,  do  jointly  and  fcverally  hereby  eoter  into  * 
firm  artd  perpetual  league  of  friendfhip  and  amity,  tor  of- 
fence and  defence,  mutual  advice  and  fuccour  upon  all 
juft  occafions,  both  for  preierving  and  propagating  the. 
truth  and  liberties  of  the  gofpel,  an.d  for  tneir  own  mu- 
tual fafety  and  welfare.. 

3.  It  is  further  agreed,  that  the  plantations  which  at 
prelent  are,  or  hereafter  (hall  be  fettled  within  the  limits 
oftheMafldchufeus,{hallbe  forever  under  the  government 
of  the  Maffachufctts,  and  fhall  have  peculiar  jurifdiftion 
amongft  themfeives  in  all  cafes  as  an  entire  body  ;  and 
that  Plimouth,  Connecticut,  and  New-Haven  {hall  each 
of  them  in  all  refpe&s  have  like  peculiar  jurifdi&ion  and 
government  within  their  limits,  and  in  reference  to  the 
plantations  which  are  already  fettled,  or  fhall  hereafter 
beeie&ed  and  fhall  fettle  within  any  of  their  limits  ref- 
pe&ively,  provided  that  no  other  jurifdi£tion  (hall  here- 
after be  taken  in  as  a  diftinft  head  or  member  of  this  con- 
federation ;  nor  fhall  any  other  either  plantation  orju- 
rifdiciion  in  prefent  being,  and  not  already  in  combina- 
tion or  undei  the  jurifdi&ion  of  any  of  thefe  confederates, 
be  received  by  any  of  them  :  nor  fhall  any  two  of  thefe 
confederates  join  in  one  jurifdi&ion  without  confent  of 
the  reft,  which  confent  to  be  interpreted  as  in  the  6th 
enfuing  article  is  exprefied. 

4.  It  is  alfo  by  thefe  confederates  agreed,  that  the 
charge  of  all  juft  wars,  whether  ofFenfive  ar  dcfenfive, 
upon  what  part  or  member  of  this  confederation  foevcr 
they  (hall  fall,  {hall,  both  in  men  and  provifions  and  all 
other  difburfments,  be  born«  by  all  the  parts  of  this  eon- 
federation  in  different  proportions,  according  to  their 
different  abilities,  in  manner  following,  viz.  That  the 
commiflioncrs  for  each  jurifdiftion,  from  time  to  time  as 
there  ftiall  be  occafion,  bring  account  and  number  of  all 
the  males  in  each  plantation,  or  any  way  belonging  to  or 
under  their  fcveral  jurifdiftions,  of  what  quality  or  con- 
dition foever  they  be,  from  fixteen  years  old  to  fixty,  be- 
ing inhabitants  tkere,  and  that  according  to  the  different 


7*  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

6143.  numbers  which  from  time  to  time  fhall  be  found  in  each 
jurifdi&ton  upon  a  true  and  jufl  account — the  fcrvicc  of 
men  and  all  charges  of  the  war  to  be  borne  by  the  poll — 
each  jurifdiftionor  plantation  being  left  to  their  ownjuft 
courfe  or  cuftorn  of"  rating  themfelves  and  people  accor- 
ding to  their  different  eftates,  with  due  refpe&  to  their 
qualities  and  exemptions  among  themfelves,  tnough  the 
confederation  take  no  notice  of  any  fuch  privilege,  and 
that  according  to  the  different  charge  of  each  juriidiftion 
and  plantation,  the  whole  advantage  of  the  war  (if  it 
pleafe  Gad  fo  to  blefs  their  endeavours)  whether  it  be  in 
lands,  good* or  p-rfons,  (hall  be  proportionably  divided 
among  the  {aid  confederates. 

§.  It  is  further  agreed,  that  if  any  of  thef«  jurifdic- 
tioas,  or  any  plantation  under  or  in  combination  with 
them,  be  invaded  by  any  enemy  whatfoever,  upon  no- 
tice and  requeft  of  any  three  magiftrates  of  that  jurifdic- 
tion  fo  invaded,  the  reft  of  the  confederates  without  any 
further  notice  or  expoftulation,  (hall  forthwith  fend  aid 
to  the  confederate  in  danger,  but  in  different  proportions, 
namely,  the  Maffachufetts  one  hundred  men  fufficient 
armed  and  provided  for  fuch  a  fervice  and  journey  :  and 
each  of  the  reft,  45  men  fo  armed  and  provided,  or  any 
lefs  number,  if  lefs  be  required,  according  to  this  propor- 
tion. But  if  fuch  a  confederate  in  danger  may  be  fup- 
plied  by  their  next  confederate,  not  exceeding  the  num- 
ber hereby  agreed,  they  may  crave  help  there,  and  fesk 
no  further  for  the  prefent ;  the  charge  to  be  borne  as  in 
this  article  isexprefTed,  and  at  their  return  to  be  victual- 
led, and  fupplied  with  powder  and  (hot,  if  there  be  need, 
for  theii  journey,  by  that  jurifdi&ion  which  employed  or 
fent  for  them  :  but  none  of  the  jtirifdi&ions  to  exceed 
thefe  numbers  'till  by  a  meeting  of  the  commiflioners  for 
this  confederation  a  greater  aid  appear  neceffary  ;  and 
this  proportion  to  continue  'till  upon  knowledge  of  the 
numbers  in  each  jurifdiftion,  which  fhall  be  brought  to 
the  next  meeting,  forne  other  proportion  be  ordered. 
But  in  any  fuch  cafe  of  fending-men  for  prefent  aid,  whe- 
ther before  or  after  fuch  order  or  alteration,  it  is  agreed 
that  at  the  meeting  of  the  commiflioners  for  this  confede- 
ration, the  caufe  of  fuch  war  or  invafion  be  duly  confid- 
cred,  and  if  it  appear  that  the  fault  lay  in  the  party  invad- 
ed, that  then  that  jurifdiftion  or  plantation  make  juft 
fatisfa&ion  both  to  the  invaders  whom  they  have  injur- 
ed, and  bear  all  the  charge  of  the  war  thenafelves  without 

rs- 


JOURNAL.  $ 

requiring  any  allowance  from  the  reft  of  the  confederates      1643. 
towards  the  fame.     And  furtru  r,  that  if  any  jurifcliftion  ^— v 
fee  any  danger  of  an  invafion  approaching,    and  there  be 
time  for  a  meeting,  that  in  fuch  cafe  three  magiftrates  of 
that  jurifdi6tion  may  furiimons   a  meeting  At   fuch  conve- 
nient place  as  themfelves   (hall    think   meet,  to   confider 
and   provide  again  ft    the   threatened    danger  ;  provided 
when  they  are  met,  they  may  remove  to  what  place  they 
pleafe  :  only  while  any   of  the fe  four  confederates  have 
but  three  magiftrates   in    their  juriMiftion,  a  requeft   or 
fummons  fiorn  any  two  of  them  {hall  be   accounted  of  c- 
qua!  force   with  the  three  mentioned   in  both  the  claufes 
of  this  article,  'till  there  be   an  iacreafe  of  magiftrates, 
there. 

6.  It  is  alfo  agreed,  that  for  the  managing  and  con- 
cluding of  all  affairs  peculiar  to  and  concerning  the  whole 
confederation,  commifTioners  fhall  be  cholen  by  and  out 
•f  each  of  thefe  foui  jurifdi&ions,  viz.  two  for  the  Maf» 
fachufetts,  two  for  Plimouth,  two  for  Connecticut,  and 
two  for  New -Haven,  all  in  church  fellow  fhip  with  us^ 
which  (hall  bring  full  power  from  their  feveral  general 
courts  refpecltively,  to  hear,  examine,  weigh  and  deter- 
mine all  affairs  of  war  or  peace,  leagues,  aids,  charges 
and  numbers  of  men  for  war,  divifion  of  fpoils,  or  what- 
ever is  gotten  by  conqueft — receiving  of  more  confede- 
rates or  plantations  into  the  combination  with  any  of 
thefe  confederates,  and  all  things  of  like  nature  which 
are  the  proper  concomitants  or*  confequents  of  fuch  a 
confederation,  for  amity,  offence  and  defence,  not  inter- 
meddling with  the  government  of  any  of  thejurifdiftioni, 
which  by  the  gd  article  is  preferved  entirely  to  them- 
felves.  But  if  thofe  8  commiflioners  when  they  meet, 
fhall  not  agree,  yet  it  is  concluded  that  any  fix  of  the  eight 
agreeing,  fhall  have  power  to  fettle  and  determine  the 
bufmefs  in  queftion  ;  but  if  fix  do  not  agree,  that  then 
fuch  propofitions,  with  their  reafons,  fo  far  as  they  have 
been  debated,  be  fent  and  referred  to  the  four  general 
courts,  viz.  the  MafTachufetts,  Plimouth,  Connecticut  and 
New-Haven  :  and  if  at  all  the  faid  general  court*  the  bu- 
finefs  fo  referred  be  concluded,  then  to  be  profecuted  by 
the  confederation  and  all  their  members. 

It  is  further  agreed  that  thofe  eight  commiffioner*  (fcall 
meet  once  every  year  (befides  extraordinary  meetings  ac- 
cording to  the  $th  article)  to  confidcr,  treat,  and  con- 
clude of  all  affairs  belonging  to  this  confederation,  which 

meet- 


GOVERNOR     WINTRHOP'* 

meeting  {hall  ever  be  the  firft  Thurfday  in  yber.  and  that 
the  next  meeting  after  the  date  of  thefe  preicnts  (which 
fhall  be  accounted  the  ad  meeting)  {hall  be  at  Boiton  in 
the  MaHachufetts — the  3d  at  Hartford — the  4th  at  New- 
Haven — the  5th  at  Plimeuth,  and  fo  in  courfe  fuccefiivc- 
ly,  it  in  the  mean  time  fome  middle  place  be  not  found 
out  and  agreed  upon,  which  may  be  commodious  for  all 
the  juiilxlicHons. 

7.  It  is  further  agreed,  that  at  each  meeting  of  thefe 
eight  commiflioners,  whether  ordinary  or  extraordinary, 
f  bey  all,  or  any  fix  of  thefh  agreeing  as  before,  may  choofe 
their  prefident  out  of  themfelves,   whole  office  and  work 
fhall  be  to  take   care   and   direft   for  order  and  a  comely 
carrying  on   of  all  proceedings  in  their  prefent  meeting, 
but  he  {hall  be  invefled  with  no  fuch  power  or  refpeft,  as 
by  which  he  fhall  hinder  the  propounding  or  progrefs  of 
any  bulinefs,  or  any  way  can:  the  fcales  otherwife  than  in 
the  proceeding  articles  is  agreed. 

8.  It  is  alio  agreed  that  the  commiflioners  for  this  con- 
federation hereafter  at  their  meeting,  whether  ordinary 
or  extraordinary,  as  they  may  have  commiflion  or  oppor- 
tunity, do  endeavour   to  frame  and  eftablifh    agreements 
and  orders  in  general  cafes  of  a  civil  nature  xvherein  all 
the  plantations  are  interefted  for  preferving  peace  amongft 
themfelves,  and  preventing  as  much  as  may  be,  all  occa- 
fions  of  war  or  differences  with  others,  as  aoout  free  and 
fpeedy  paflage  of  jufbce  in  each  jurifdicTion  to  all  the  con- 
federates equally,  as  to  their  own  receiving  thofe  that  re- 
move from  one  plantation  to  another  without  due  certi- 
ficates— how  all  thejurifdi&ions  may  carry  it  towards  the 
Indians  that   they  neither  grow  infolent  nor  be  injured 
without  due  fatisfaftion,  left  war  break  in  upon  the  con- 
federates through  mifcarriages.     It  is  alfo  agreed  that  if 
any  fervant  run  away  from  his  mafter  into  any  of  thefe 
confederate  jurifdiftions,  that  in  fuch  cafe,  upon  certifi- 
cate of  onemagiftrate  in  the  jurifdiftion  out  of  which  the 
faid  fervant  fled,  or  upon  other  due  proof,  the  faid  fer- 
vant fhall  be  delivered  cither  to  his  roaftcr  or  any   other 
that  purfues  arid  brings  fuch  certificate  or  proof:  And 
that  upon  the  efcape  of  any  prifoner  or  fugitive  for  any 
criminal  caufe,  whether  breaking  prifon  or  getting  from 
the  officer,  or  otherwife  efcaping.  upon  the  certificate  of 
two  magistrates  of  the  jurifdiftion  out  of  which  the  ef- 
cape is  made,  that  he  was  a  prifoner  or  fuch  an  offender 
at  th«  time  of  ths  cfcapej  the  magiftratc,  or  fome  of  them 

or 


JOURNAL.  18 

of  the  jurifdiftion  where  for  the  prefent  the  {aid  prifoher      1643. 
or  fugitive  abideth,  fhall  forthwith  grant  fuch  a  warrant  ^ 
as  the  cafe  will   bear,  tor  the  apprehending  of  any   fuch 
•perfori  and  the  delivery  ©f  him  into  the  hand  of  the  offi- 
cer or  other  perfon  who  purfucth  him  ;  and    if  there  be 
help  required  for  tht  fafe  returning  of  any  fuch  offender, 
then  it  (hall  be  granted  unto 'him  that  craves  the  izme,  he 
paying  the  charges  thereof. 

9.  And  for  that  the  jufteft  wars  may  bt  of  dangerous 
confequence,  efpecially  to  the  fmaller  plantations  in  thefe 
united  colonies,  it  is  agreed,  that  neither  the  Maflachu- 
fetts,  Plimouth,  Connecticut  nor  New- Haven,  nor  any 
of  the  members  of  any  of  them,  fhall  at  any  time  hereaf- 
ter begin,  undertake,  or  engage  themfelves  or  this  con- 
federation, or  any  part  thereof  in  any  war  whatloever 
(fudden  exigencies  with  tKe  ncceflarv  confluences 
thereof  excepted,  which  are  alia  to  be  moderate^ as  much 
as  the  cafe  will  permit)  without  the  confcnt  and  agree- 
ment of  the  aforenamed  eight  cornmifli  oners,  or  at  l«afb 
fix  of  them,  as  in  the  6th  article  is  provided  ;  and  that  no 
charge  be  required  of  any  of  the  confederates,  in  cafe  of 
a.  defeniivc  war  'till  the  faid  eorr.miflioners  have  met  and 
approved  the  juftice  of  the  war,  and  have  agreed  upon 
the  ium  of  money  to  be  levied,  which  (ura  is  then  to  be 
paid  by  the  fsveral  confederates  in  proportion  according 
to  the  4th  articla. 

10.  That  in  extraordinary  occafions,  when   meetings 
are  fummoned  by  three  magistrates  of  any  jurifdiftion,  or 
two,    as  in  the    5th  article,  if  any  ef  the  commiffioncrs 
come  not,  due  warning  being.given   or  fcnt,  it  is  agreed 
that  four  of  the  commiffioners  fhall  have  power  to  direft  a 

«•  war  which  cannot  be  detained,  and  to  lend  for  due  pro- 
portions of  men  out  of  each  jurifdiclion,  at  well  as  fix 
might,  do  if  all  met ;  but  not  lefs  than  fix  fhall  determine 
the  juflic*  of  the  war,  or  allow  the  demands  or  bills  of 
charges,  or  caufe  any  levies  to  be  made  for  the  fame. 

11.  It  is  further  agreed  that  if  any  of  the  confederates 
{hall  hereafter  break  any  of  thefe  prefent  articles,  or  be 
otherway  injurious  to  any  one  of  the  other  jurisdictions, 
fuch  breach  of  agreement  or  injury  fhall  be  duly  confider- 
cd  and  ordered  by  the  c©mmiilioners  for  the  other  jurif- 
cb&ions.  that  both  peace,  and  this  prefent   confederation 
raay  be  entirely  preferved  without  violation. 

12.     Laftly,  this  perpetual  confederation,  and  the  fev- 
tral  articles  and  agreements  thereof  being  read  and  feri- 

N  n  ouf- 


r. 

hi 


28*  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

i  643.  oufly  confidcred  both  by  the  general  court  for  the  Maf- 
i'athufetu  and  the  connniflKoners  for  the  other  three,were 
fuMcribed  prefcntlv  by  the  commiffioners  all  fave  thofe 
of  Plimouth,  who,  for  want  of  iuffiaient  coanmiflion  from 
their  general  court,  deferred  their  fubfcription  'till  the 
next  meeting,  and  then  they  fubfcribed  alfo,  and  ware  to 
be  allowed  by  the  general  courts  of  the  fcveral  jurifdie- 
lions,  which  accordingly  was  done,  and  certified  at  the 
next  meeting  held  at  Ballon  (7)  7.  1643. 

Boilon,  (3)  29.  1643. 
(4)  12.         Mr.  La  Tour  arrived  here  in  a  fhip  of  140  tons  and  140 

;erfons.  The  (hip  came  from  Rochelle,  the  mafter  and 
is  company  wereproteftanU  :  there  were  two  friar*  and 
two  women  fent  to  wait  upon  La  Tour  his  lady.  They 
came  in  with  a  fair  wind  without  any  notice  taken  of 
them.  They  took  a  pilot  out  of  ^ne  of  our  boats  at  fea, 
and  left  one  of  their  men  in  his  place.  Capt.  Gibbon*1 
wife  and  children  parted  by  the  fhip  as  they  were  going 
to  their  farm,  but  being  dilcovered  to  La  Tour  by  one  of 
his  gentlemen  who  knew  him, La  Tour  manned  out  a  flial- 
lop  which  ho  towed  after -him  to  go  (peak  with  her.  She 
feeing  fuch.  a  company  of  ftrangers  making  toward*  her, 
haftenedto  get  from  them,  and  landed  at  the  Governor'* 
garden.  La  Tour  landed  prelently  after  her,  and  there 
found  the  Governor  and  his  wife,  and  two  of  hit  fons, 
and  his  fun's  wife,  and  after  mutual  falutations  ha  told 
the  Governor  the  caufe  of  his  coming^  viz.  that  this  (hip 
being  frnt  him  out  of  Fiance,  D'Aulnay  his  old  enemy 
had  fo  blocked  up  the  river  to  his  fort  at  St.  John's  with 
two  fhips  and  a  galliot,  as  his  (hip  could  not  get  in,  where- 
upon he  ftole  by  in  the  night  in  his  (hallop,  and  was  come 
to  crave  aid  to  convey  bim  into  his  fort.  The  Gov- 
ernor anfwered  that  he  could  fay  nothing  to  it  'till  he  had 
conferred  with  other  of  the  magistrates  :  fo  after  fupper 
he  went  with  him  to  Bofton  in  La  Tour's  boat,  having 
fent  his  cwn  boat  to  Bofton  to  carry  home  Mrs.  Gibbons. 
Divers  boat*  having  puffed  by  him,  had  given  notice 
hereof  to  Bofton  and  charleftown,  his  (hip  alfo  arriving 
before  Bofion.  the  towns  betook  them  to  their  arm*,  and 
three  fhallops  with  armed  men  came  forth  to  meet  the 
Governor  and  to  guard  him  home.  But  here  the  Lord 
gave  us  occafion  to  take  notice  of  our  weaknefs  &c.  for  if 
La  Tour  bad  been  ill  minded  toward*  u*5  he  had  fuch  an 
opportunity  as  we  hope  neither  he  nor  any  other  (hall 
ever  have  the  like  again  ;  for  coming  by  our  caftle  and 

fal- 


JOURNAL. 

laluting  it,  there  was   none  to  anfwer   kirn,  for  tht  laft 
court  had  given  order  to  have  the  caftle-ifland   deferted, 
a  great  part  of  the  work  being  fallen   down  &c.   Co  as  he 
might  have  taken  all  the  ordonance  there,    then,    having 
the   Governor  and    his  family,    and  Capt.  Gibbons'  wife 
&c.  in  his  power,  he  might  have  gone  and  Cpoiled  Bofton, 
and  having  no   many  msn  ready,  the)r  might  have  taken 
two  Chips   in  the  harbour  fa nd  gone  away  wirkout  danger 
or  refinance,  but   his  neglecting- this  opportunity,  gave  us 
aflurance  of  his  true  meaning,  Co  being  landed  at  Boftoa, 
the  Governor  with  a  fufficicnt  guard,  brought  him  to  his 
lodging  at  Capt.  Gibbons'.     This  gave   further  affurance 
that  he  intended  us   no   evil,  becaufe  he  voluntarily  put 
his  perfon   in  our  power.     The  next  day  the  Governor 
called  together  Cuch  of  the  magiftratt*  as  were  at  hand, 
and  fome  of  the  deputies,  and  propounding   the  caufe  to 
them,  and  La  Tout  being  prefent  and   the   captain  of  his 
Chip  &c.  he  (hewed  his  commidion   which  was  fairly  en- 
groifed  in  parchment  under  the  hand  and  feal  of  the  Vice 
Admiral  of  France,  and  grand  prior  &c.  to  bring  {apply  td 
La  Tour,    whom  he   ftiliid  his  majefty'i  lieut.  general  of 
L'Acadye,  and  aiCo  a  letter  from  the  agent  of  the  compa- 
ny of  France  to  whom  he  hath  reference,  informing  him 
of  the  injurious  practices  of   D'Aulnay  againft  him,  and 
advifing  him  to  look  to  himfeif  &c    and  fuperfcribed  him 
as  Lieut.  General  &c.     Upon  this  it  appeared  to  us  (that 
being  dated  in  April  lad)  that  notwithstanding  the  news 
which  D'Au-nay  had  fent  to  our  Governortthe  laftyear, 
whereby  La  Tour  was  proclaimed  a  rebelL<fcc.  yet  he  ftood 
in  good  terms  with  the  ftate  of  France,  and  alfo  with  the 
company.     Whereupon,  tho"  we  could  not  grant  him  aid 
without  advice  of  the  other  commifTioners  of  our  confed- 
eracy, yet  we  thought  it  not  fit  nor  juft  to  hinder  any  that 
would  be  willing  to  be  hired  to  aid  him,  and  accordingly 
\ve  anfwercd  him  that  we  would  allow  him  a  free  merca- 
ture,  that  he  might  hire  any  Chips  which  lay  in  our  har- 
bour &c.     This  anfwer  he  was  well   Catisfied  with   and 
took  vary  thankfully  ;  he  alfo  defined  leave   to  land  hi* 
men  that  they  might  reiYefhthemfelves,  which  was  grant- 
ed him,  Co  they  landed  in  Cm  all  companies  that   our   wo- 
men &c.  might  not  be  affrighted  by   them.     This  direc- 
tion was  duly  obCerved.     But  the  training  day  at  Bofton 
falling  out  the  next  week,  and  La  Tour  having  requefted 
that  he  might  be    peimiited    to  exerciie   his    Coldiers   on 
{hore,v/eexpeclcdbiin  th,5$  clay, Co  he  landevj  40  men  in  their 

arms 


4  GOVERNOR     WINJRHOP's 

6143.      arms  (they  were  all  {hot)  they  were  brought  into  the  field 
by  our  train  band  confiding  of  150, and  in  the  forenoon  they 
only  beheld  our  men  exercife.  When  they  had  dined  (La 
Tour  &  his  .officers  with  our  officers,  &  his  foldiers  invited 
home  by  the  private  foldiers)  in  the  afternoon  they  were 
"permitted  to  exercife  (our  Governor  and  other   of  the 
magiflrates  coming  then  into  the  field)  and  all  ours  ftood 
and  beheld  them.     They   were  very  expert   in  all  their 
poftures  and  motions.     When  it  was  near  night  La  Tour 
defired  our  Governor  that  his  men  might  have  leave  to 
depart,  which  being  granted,  his   captain  acquainted   our 
captain  therewith,  fo  he  drew  our  men  into  a  march  and 
the  French  fell  into  the  middle — when  they  wcr«   to  de- 
part they  gave  a  volley  of  fhot  and  went  to  their  boat,  the 
French  fhewing  much  admiration  to  fee  fo  many  men   ef 
on«  town  fo  well  arm«d  and  difciplined,   La  Tour  pro- 
fefling  he  could  not  have  believed  it  if  he  had  not  feen  it. 
Our  Governor  and  others   in    the   town  entertained    Lit 
Tour  and  his  gentlemen  with  much  courtefy  both  in  their 
houfes  and  at  table.     La  Tour   came  duly  to  our   church 
rtieetings,  and  always   accompanied  the  Governor  to   and 
from  thence,  who  all  the  time  of  his  abode  here   was  at- 
tended with  a  good  guard  of  halberds  and  mufketteers, 
Thofe  who  engroffed  the  fhips  understanding  his  diftrefa 
and  the  juftice  of  his  caufe  and  the   magiftrates  permiiii- 
©n,  were  willing  to  be  entertained  by  him.     But  the  ru- 
mour of  thefe  things  foon  fpreading  thro'  the  country, 
were  diverfly  apprehended,  not  only  by  the  common  fort, 
but  alfo  by  the   elders,  whereof  fome   in  their    fermons 
fpoke  againft  their  entertainment,  and  the  aid  permitted 
them;  others  (pake  in  the  juflification  of  both.     One 
a  judicious  minifter,  hearing  that  leave  was  granted  them 
to  exercife  their  men  in  Bofton,  out  of  his  fear  of  popifh 
leagues  and  care  of  our  fafety,  fpake  as  in  way  of  predic- 
tion, that  before  that   day   were  ended,   flore   of  blood 
would  be  fpilleel  in  Boflsn.     Divers  alfo  wrote  to  "the 
Governor  laying  before  him  great  dangers  ;  ©thers  charg- 
ing fin  upon  the  confcience  in  all  thefe  proceedings,  fo  as 
he  was  forced  to  write  and  publifti  the  true  ftate  of  the 
caufe  and  the  reafons  of  all  their  proceedings,  which  fat- 
isfied  many,   but  not  all.     Alfo   the  kmafters  and  others 
who  were  t®  go  in 'the  fhips,   defired  advice  about    their 
proceedings   &c.— whereupon   the  Governor  appointed 
another  meeting  to  whicla   all   the  new  rnagidratcs  and 
deputies  and  the  elders  alfo  were  called,   and   there  the 
matter  was  d«bated  upon  thefe  heads. 


JOURNAL.  285 

i.     Whether  it  were  lawful  for  chriftians  to  aid  idola-      1643. 
tcrs,  and  how  far  we  may  hold  communion  with  them? 

s.  Whether  it  were  fafe  for  our  ftate  to  fufjer  him  to 
kave  aid  from  us  againft  D'Aulnay  ? 

To  the  ift  queftion  the  arguments  on  the  negative  part 
were  thefe.  i.  Jehofln  :  is  reproved  for  the  like, wouldft 
thuu  help  the  wicked  ?— The  anfwer  to  this  !was,  firft — 
This  muil  be  maant  only  in  fuch  cafe  as  that  was,  not  {im- 
ply according  to  the  words  of  that  one  fentencc  taken 
apart  from  the  reft,  lor  otherwife  it  would  be  unlawful  to 
help  any  wicked  man  tho'  a  profefled.  proteftant,  and 
tho'  our  own  countryman,  father,  brother  &c.  and  that 
in  any  cafe  tho'  ready  to  be  drowned,  flain,  famifhed  &c. 

2.  Jehofh  :  aided  him  in  a  brotherly  league  of  amity  and 
affinity — I  am  as  thou  art — my  people  as  thy  people  &c. 

3.  Ahab    was   declared  a  wicked   man  by  God,  and  de- 
nounced to  deftruftion.     3.   Ahab  was  in  no  diftrefs,  and 
fo  needed  no  aid.     2.   argument.     Jehofh  :  joiaing    after 
with  Ahazia  in  making  fhips,  is   reproved  &c.     Anfwer. 
There  is  difference  between  helping   a  man   in   diilrefs, 
which  is  a  duty  impofed,  and  joining  in   a  courfe  ©f  mer- 
chandize where  the  aftion  is  voluntary  ;  and  it  appears 
by  this  their  joining,  that  the  league  of  amity  continued 
between   the    two    kingdoms.   -3.  argument.     Joftas   did 
evil  in  aiding  the  king  of  Babylon  againft    Pharaoh   Ne- 
cho.     Anf.  i.     The  king  of  Babylon  was  in  no  diilrefs, 
nor  oiicl  defire  his  help,  nor  is  it  faid  he  intended  his  aid. 
2.  Jofias  no  doubt  did  not  break  any  known  general  rule, 
being  fo  ftritl  an  obferver  of  all   God's   commandments  ; 
for  it  was  not  unlawful  for  him  to   flop    Pharaoh's  army 
from  going  thro*  his  country,  but  his  fin  was,  that  either 
he  did  not  balieve  the  meffage  of  God  by  Pharaoh  in  that 
particular  cafe,  or  did  not  inquire  further  about  it  ;from 
his  own  ptophets,  and  fo  it  is  expreffed  in  that  ftory,     4. 
argument.     Amaziah  king  of  Judah  is   reproved  for  hir- 
ing an  army  out  of  Ifrael  becaufe  God   was  near  with  If- 
rael.     Ans.     This  is  not  to  the  queftion,  which  is  of  giv- 
ing aid,  and  not  of  hiring  aid  from  others,  nor  was  Ama- 
ziah  in  any  diftrefs,  but  only  fought  to  enlarge  his  domin- 
ion.    5.  argument.     By*aiding  papifts  we  advance   and 
ftrengthen  popery.     Ans.  i.     We  are  not  to  omit  things 
nacettary  and  lawful  fora  doubtful  ill  confequence, which 
is  but  accidental.     2.  Such  aid  may  as   well  work  to  the 
weakening  of  popery  by  winning  fome   of  them  to   the 
love  of  the  truth,  as  hath  fometimes  fallen  out,  and  fome- 

timcs 


6  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'* 

1643.     times  by  drengthning  one  part  oP  them  againft  another, 
they  may  both  be  the  more  weakened  in  the  end. 

For  the  2d  quedion,  whether  it  be  fafe  &c.  the   argu- 
guments  on  the  negative  part  were  thefc.      i.  Papids  ar« 
not  to  be  traded  feeing  it  is  one  of  their  tenets  that  they 
are  not  to  keep   promife  with  heretics.     Ans.     In   this 
cafe  we  rely  not  upon  their  faith  but  their  intereft,  it  be- 
ing  for  their  advantage  to  hold  in  with  us,  we  may  fafely 
truft  them  ;  befuies  we  (hall  not  need  to  h  tzard  ourfelves 
upon  their  fidelity,   having  fufficient  ftrengrh    to    f«cure 
ourfelves.     *.  argument.     We  may  provoke   the  ftate  of 
France  againd  us,  or  at  leaft  D'Aulnav,  and  fo  be  brought 
into  another  war.     Ans.     It  appears  by  'he  commiflion 
and  letter  before  mentioned,  that  La  Tour  ftands  in  good 
terms  with  the  ftate  of  France  and    the  company  &c.     It 
is  ufual  in  all  dates  in  Europe  to  fuffer  aid  to   be  hired  a- 
gaind  their  confederates  without  anv  breach  e»f  the  peace, 
*s  bv  the  dates  of  Holland  againd  the    Spaniards,  and  by 
both  out  of  England,  without  any   breach    of   the  peace, 
or  offence  to  either.      As  for   D'Aulnay  he  hath  carried 
himfelf  fo  as  we  could  look  for  no  other  but  ill  meafures 
from  him  if  he  were  able,  tho*  we  fhould   not  permit  La 
Tour  to  have  help  from  us,  for  he  hath  taken  Penobfcoott 
from  us  with  our  goods  to  a  great  value.     He  made  prize 
of  our  men  aad  goods  alfo  at  Iflc  Sable,  and  kept  our  men 
a*  flaves  a  good  {pace,  but  never  made  fatis^adion  for  our 
goods  ;  likewife  he  entertained  our  fervants  which  ran 
from  us,  and  refufeth  to  return    them  being  demanded  : 
he   alfo   furnifheth  the   Indians  about  us  with  guns  and 
powder;  and  laftlv,  he  wrote  lad  year  to  our  Governor 
forbidding  our  veflels  to  pafs  bevond  his  forr  in  the  ooen 
fea,  and  threatening  to  make  prize  of  he  fhould  meet  &c. 
and  if  the  worft  fhould  happen  that   can  be  feared,  yet   if 
our  way  be  lawful,  and  we  innocent  from  wrong  &c.  we 
may  and  mud  trud  God  with  our    fafety    fo  long  as  we 
ferve  his  providence  in  the  ufe  of  fuch   means   as  he   af- 
fords us.     3.  argument.     Solomon  tells  us  that  he    that 
naeddleth  with  a  drife   which  belongs  not   to  him  takes  a 
dog  by  the  ear,  which  is  very  dangerous.     Ans.     This  is 
a  drife  which  doth   belong  to  us  both   in  r-fpeft  of  La 
Tour  feeking  aid  of  us  in  his  didrefs,  and  alfo   in  refpeft 
it  fo  much  concerns   us  to  have   D'Aulnay    fwbdued   or 
weakened:  and   it  were  not   wifdom   in  us   to  dop  tha 
courfe  of  providence  which  offrrs  to  do  that  for  us  with- 
out our  ckarge,  which  we  are  like  otherwife  to  be  forced 

tQ 


JOURNAL. 

to  undertake  at  our  own  charge.  4.  It  is  not  ftfe  to  per- 
mit this  aid  to  go  from  us,  efpeeially  without  advice  of 
the  general  court,  left  it  fhould  mifcarry,  and  fo  prove  a 
dishonor  and  weakening  to  us.  Ans.  i.  For  the  Ge- 
neral Court,  it  could  not  have  bt-en  affembled  under 
fourteen  days,  and  fuch  delay,  bafidet  the  neceflary 
charge  it  would  have  put  La  Tour  unto  and  ourfelves  al- 
fo  by  the  ftrong  watches  we  are  forced  to  keep,  it  might 
have  loft  the  opportunity  of  relieving  him,  or  it  might 
have  put  him  upon  fome  dangerous  defign  of  furpriiing 
•ur  Chips  &c.  Betides,  if  the  court  had  been  aifembled, 
we  knew  they  would  *not  have  given  him  aid  without 
confentof  the  cornmiflioners  of  the  other  colonies,  and 
for  a  bare  peimifiion,  we  might  do  it  wirhout  the  court  ; 
ind  to  have  deferred  this  needlefsiy  had  been  again  ft  that 
rule— Say  not  as  thy  neighbours  go  and  come  again,  and 
tomorrow  I  will  give  thee,  when  there  is  pownr  in  their 
hands  to  do  it.  As  for  the  danger  of  mifcarriage,  it  is 
not  fo  much  as  in  other  our  voyages  to  Spain  or  England 
or  &c.  and  if  the  rule  be  fafe  that  we  walk  by,  the  fuccefs 
cannot  alter  it.  5.  We  hear  only  one  party,  we  fhould 
tas  well  hear  the  other,  othervvife  we  deal  not  judicially, 
and  perhaps  may  aid  a  man  in  an  urjuft  quarrel.  Ans.  i. 
We  heard  formerly  D'Aulnay's  allegations  againft  La 

.  Tour,  and  notwithstanding  all  that,  La  Tour  his  cauie 
appears  juft  ;  for  they  bring  both  the  fubjecls  of  the  fame 
prince,  the  (hip  coming  by  permiflion  from  their  prince'* 
authority,  D'Aulnay  ought  to  permit  him  to  enter  pea- 
ceably. 2.  Our  men  that  go  will  firft  offer  parley  wi'.h 
D'Aulnay,  and  if  La  lour  his  caufe  be  unjuft,  they  are 
not  to  offend  the  others.  g.LaTourbeingnow  in  dcfperute 
diftrefs,  he  is  firft  to  be  iuceoured  before  the  c?ufe  be  fur- 
ther inquired  into  according  to  the  example  of  Abraham, 
who  hearing  of  the  diftrefs  of  his  kinfman  Lot.  ftaid  not 
'till  he  might  fend  to  Chedorlaomer  to  have  his  anfwer 
about  the  juftice  of  his  caufe,  ye  there  was  ftrong  prc- 
jfumption  that  his  eaule  was  juft,  and  that  Lot  and  all  the 
reft  were  lawful  pri loners,  for' they  had  been  twelve  years 
his  fubje&s  anri  were  in  rebellion  at  this  time,  but  he  ftars 
not  to  inquire  out  the  caufe,  the  jdiftrefs  not  permitting 
it,  but  goes  personally  to  refcue  them  :  As  put  cafe — An 
englifhman  or  fpaniard  fhould  be  driven  into  our  harbour 
by  a  pirate,  and  Chould  corwe  and  inform  us  fo,  and  defire 

/us  to  let  him  have  aid  to  convey  him  {afe  to  fea.  might  we 
not  lawfully  fend  out  aid  with  him  before  we  had  lent  to 

the 


,88  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'* 

1643.  the  pirate  to  undefftand  the  caufe  ;  it  would  be  time 
*_•— T — _j  enough  to  demand  that  when  ©ur  aid  came  up  with  him* 
So  if  our  neighbouring  indians  fhould  fend  to  us  to  defire 
aid  againft  fome  other  indians  who  were  coming  to  deftroy 
them,  fhould  we  firft  fend  to  the  other  indians  to  inquire 
the  justice  of  the  caufe?  no,  but  we  fheuld  firft  fend  to 
fave  them,  and  after  examine  the  caufc. 

The  arguments  on  the  affirmative  part  are  many  of 
them  touched  in  the  former  aniwers  to  the  arguments  on 
the  other  part — the  reft  are  thefe.  i.  By  the  law 

thou  ftialt  love  thy  neighbour  as  thyfelf.  If  our  neigh- 
bour-be in  diftrefs  we  ought  to  help  him  without  any  re- 
fpe£  to  religion  or  other  quality,  but  an  idolator  in  dif- 
trefs is  our  neighbour,  as  appears  by  that  parable,  Luke  10. 
where  it  is  plainly  concluded  that  the  Samaritan  was 
neighbour  to  the  diftrcffed  traveller,  and  our  Saviour  bids 
the  lawyer,  being  a  jew,  to  do  likewife,  that  is,  even  to  a 
Samaritan  if  in  diftrefs,  and  by  the  law  of  relations  the 
diftreflcd  jew  was  neighbour  to  the  Samaritan,  and  the 
Samaritan  in  diftrefs  fhould  have  been  fo  to  him,  th®'  as 
oppofite  in  religion  as  proteftants  and  papifts.  If  fuch 
an  one  be  not  our  neighbour,  then  we  have  no  relation 
to  him  by  any  command  of  the  2d  table,  for  that  requires 
us  to  love  our  neighbour  only,  and  then  we  jnay  deceive, 
beat,  and  otherwife  damnify  him  and  not  fin,  &c.  2d. 
argument  out  of  Gal.  6.  10.  Do  good  to  all,  but  fpecially 
to  the  heufhold  of  iaith,  by  which  it  appears  that  under 
all,  he  includes  fuch  as  were  not  believers,  and  thofe 
were  heathen  idolaters,  and  if  we  muft  do  good  to  fuch. 
we  muft  help  them  in  diftrefs.  3.  We  are  exhorted  to 
be  like  our  Heavenly  Father  in  doing  good  to  the  juft 
and  unjuft,  that  is  to  all,  a^  occafion  i*  offered,  even  luch 
as  he  caufeth  the  fun  to  fhine  upon,  and  the  rain  to  fall 
upon,  tho'  excommunicated  pcrfons,  blafpheraers  and 
persecutors,  yet  if  they  be  in  diftrefs,  we  are  to  do  them 
good,  and  therefore  to  relieve  them.  4.  We  may  hold 
ibmc  kind  of  communion  with  idolaters,  as  i.  We  may 
have  peace  with  them — 2.  commerce.  Ezek.  27.  17, 
fpeaking  cf  Tyrus  who  were  idolaters,  he  fayeth,  Judah 
were  thy  merchants  in  wheat  Jbc.and  the  Jews  were  not 
forbidden  to  trade  with  the  heathen  in  Nehemiah's'time 
fo  it  were  not  on  the  fabbath.  3.  In  eating  and  drink- 
ing and  fuch  like  familiar  converfe,  i  Cor.  10.  if  an  hea- 
then invite  a  chriflian  to  his  table  he  might  go  &c.  and 
fo  he  might  as  well  invite  fuch  to  his  table,  as  Solomon 

did 


JOURNAL. 

did  the  queen  of  Sheba  and  the  embarTadors  of  other  prin- 
ces round  about  him,  who  would  not  have  reforted  to 
him  as  they  did  if  he  had  not  entertained  them  courteouf- 
ly,  and  he  both  received  prelents  and  gave  prefents  to 
the  queen  of  Sheba,  and  others  who  were  then  idolaters-*-^ 
and  Neh.  5.  17.  he  fayeth,  that  with  the  Jews  there  were 
alfo  at  his  table  ufually  fuch  of  the  heathen  as  came  to 
him  :  fo  that  it  Was  not  then  (nor  indeed  at  all  by  the 
law)  unlawful  for  the  Jews  to  eat  with  heathen,  tho'  the 
Pharifees  made  it  unlawful  by  their  tradition.  The  4th 
and  laft  kind  of  communion  is  fuccour  in  diftrefs. 

To  the  2d  queftion  the  arguments  on  the  affirmative 
part  were  thefe,  with  others  exprefled  before  in  the  an- 
fwers.  i.  D'Aulnay  is  a  dangerous  neighbour  to  us  if 
he  have  none  to  oppofe  him  or  to  keep  him  employed  at 
home,  he  will  certainly  be  dealing  with  us,  but  if  La 
Tour  be  not  now  helpen,  he  is  undone,  his  fort  with  his 
wife,  children  and  fervants  will  all  be  taken,  he  hath  no 
place  to  go  unto — this  {hip  cannot  carry  back  him  and 
all  his  company  to  France,  but  will  leave  them  on  {hore 
here,  and  how  fafe  it  will  be  for  us  to  keep  ihera,  is 
doubtful,  but  to  let  them  go  will  be  more  dangerous,  for 
they  muft  then  go  to  D'Aulnay,  and  that  will  ftrengtheft 
him  greatly  both  by  their  numbcr,and  ftill  alfo  by  their  pre- 
fent  knowledge  of  our  Rate  and  place,  which,  in  regard 
of  our  own  fafety,  lays  a  neceflity  upon  us  of  aiding  La 
Tour,  and  aiding  him  fo  as  he  may  fubfift,  and  be  able  to 
make  good  his  place  againft  his  enemy,  2.  La  Tour  be- 
ing in  urgent  diArefs,  and  therefore  as  our  neighbour  to 
be  releived  ;  if  it  be  well  done  of  us.  we  may  truft  in 
God,  and  not  be  afraid  of  any  terror,  i  Peter  3.6.  3.  It 
will  be  no  wifdom  for  D'Aulnay  to  begin  with  us,  for  he 
knows  how  much  ftronger  we  are  than  he  in  men  and 
flapping,  and  fome  experience  we  have  had  hereof,  in 
that  when  our  friends  of  Plimouth  hired  a  {hip  in  our  har- 
bour and  therewith  went  and  battered  his  houfe  at  Pe- 
nobfcott,  yet  he  took  nooccafion  thereby  againft  us,  nor 
ever  attempted  any  thing  againft  them,  th©'  their  trading 
houfe  at  Kennebeck  be  an  hindrance  to  him,  and  eafy 
for  him  to  take  at  his  pleafure. 

There  were  other  inftances  brought  to  the  lawfulness 
both  in  Joihua  his  aiding  the  Gibeonifes  who  were  Ca- 
nanitrs  and  had  deluded  him,  and  he  might  hereupon 
have  left  them  to  be  fpoiled  by  their  neighbours.  So 
-when  Jehefh,  aided  Jehorim  againft  Moab  (for  he  h;«d 

O  o  put 


»5o  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1643,  put  away  Baal)  Elifha  fpeaks  honorably  to  Vim  and  doth 
not  reprove  him  but  for  his  prefenco  lake  faves  their 
houfe  by  miracle  &c. 

The  like  rumors  and  fears  were  raifed  upon  our  firft 
expedition  againft  the  Pequods,  1636.  The  Governor  ei 
Plimouth  wrote  to  Mr.  \Vinthrop  the  deputy  Governor, 
in  diflike  of  our  attempt,  and  in  apprehension  of  the 
great  danger  we  had  incurred  that  we  had  provoked  the 
Pequods,  and  no  more,  and  had  thereby  occafioned  a 
•war  &c.  But  we  found  thro'  the  Lord's  fpeeial  mercy, 
that  that  provocation  and  war  proved  a  blefling  to  all 
thcenglifh.  Our  brethren  of  Connecticut  wrote  alfo  to 
us  declaring  their  fears,  and  the  danger  we  had  cad  them 
into  by  warring  upon  the  Peque-ds  &c.  and  indeed  we 
committed  an  error  in  that  we  did  not  firfl  give  th«m  no- 
tice of  our  intention,  that  they  might  take  the  more  care 
of  their  own  fafety,  but  they  could  not  be  ignorant  of 
«ur  preparations. 

The  Governor  by  letters  informed  the  reft  of  the  eom- 
miflioners  of  the  united  colonies  of  what  had  patted  about 
La  Tour — but  the  reafon  why  he  did  not  defer  him  at 
firft  for  his  anfwer  'till  fome  more  of  the  magiftrates  and 
deputies  might  have  been  aiTembled,  and  the  elders  like- 
\viie  corifulted  with,  was  this.  Conceiving  that  he  flood 
ftill  under  the  fame  fentence  of  the  arreft  from  the  ftate 
of  France,  there  would  have  been  no  need  of  advice  in 
the  cafe,  for  we  muft  have  given  him  the  fame  anfwer  we 
gave  his  lieutenant  the  lafl  year  and  upon  the  fame 
ground,  viz,  That  however  he  might  trade  here  for  fuch 
commodities  as  he  ftood  in  need  of,yet  he  could  expe6l  na 
aid  from  us,  for  it  would  not  be  fit  nor  fafe  for  us  to  do 
that  which  might  juftly  provoke  the  date  of  France  a- 
gainft  us—but  being  met,  and  feeing  the  commiffion  from 
the  vice  admiral  &c. — that  occafion  of  danger  being  re- 
moved, we  doubted  not  but  we  might  fafely  give  him 
fuch  anfwer  as  we  did,  without  further  trouble  to  the 
country  or  delay  to  him- — See  more  of  this 
leaves  after. 

The  fow  bafinefs  not  being  yet  digefted  in  the  country,- 
many  of  the  elders  being  yet  unfatisSed,  and  the  mere  by 
reafon  of  a  new  eaie  ftated  by  fome  of  the  plaintiff's  fide 
and  delivered  to  the  ciders,  wherein  they  dealt  very  par- 
ticularly, for  they  drew  out  all  the  evidence  which  made 
for  the  plaintiff,  and  thereupon  framed  their  contlufion 
without  mentioning  any  of  the  defendent's  evidence. 

Thrs 


JOURNAL.  191 

This  being  delivered  to  th«  eldtrs,  and  by  them  imparted  1643. 
!•  Tome  of  the  other  fide,  an  anfwcr  was  prefently  drawn  U~-v— «r 
which  occafioned  the  ciders  to  take  a  view  of  all  the  evi- 
dence on  both  parties,  and  a  meeting  being  procured  both 
of  magiftratesand  elders  (near  all  in  the  jurifdi&ion)  and 
fome  of  the  deputies,  the  elders  there  declared,  that  not- 
withftamling  their  former  opinions,  yet  upon  examina- 
tion of  all  the  teftimonies,  they  found  much  contrariety 
and  eroding  of  teftimonies-as  they  did  not  fe«  any  ground 
for  the  court  to  proceed  to  judment  in  the  cafe,  and  there- 
lore  earneftly  deSred  that  the  court  might  never  be  more 
troubled  with  it.  To  this  all  consented  except 
who  ftill  maintained  his  former  opinion,  and  woufd  have 
the  magiftrates  lay  down  their  negative  voice,  and  fo  the 
.caufe  to  be  heard  again.  This  ftiffnefs  of  his,'  and  fingu- 
iarity  in  opinion  was  very  unpleafing  to  all  the  company, 
but  they  went  on  notwithftanding,  and  becaufe  a  princi- 
pal end  of  the  meeting  was  to  reconcile  differences  and 
take  away  offences  which  were  rifen  between  fome  of 
the  magiftrates  by  occasion  of  this  fow  buftnefs  and  the 
ireatife  of  Mr.  Saltonftall  againft  the  council,  fo  as  Mr. 
Bellingharn  and  he  ftood  divided  from  the  reft,  which 
occafioned  much  oppofition  even  in  open  court,  and 
much  partaking  in  the  country,  but  by  the  wifdem  and 
faithfulnefsof  the  elders  Mr.  Sultonftall  was  brought  to 
fee  his  failings  in  that  treatife,  which  he  did  ingenioufly 
acknowledge  and  bewail,  and  fo  he  was  reconciled  with 
the  reft  of  the  magiftrates.  They  laboured  alfo  to  make 
a  perfect  reconciliation  between  the  Governor  and  Mr. 
Bellingharn.  The  Governor  offered  himfelf  ready  to  it, 
but  the  other  was  not  forward,  whereby  it  refted  in  a 
manner  as  it  was.  Mr.  Dudley  alfo  had  let  fall  a-  ipeech 
in  the  court  to  Mr.  Rogers  of  Ipfwieh,  which  was  griev- 
ous to  him  and  other  of  the  eideis.  The  thing  was  this. 
Mr.  Rogers -being  earned  in  a  caufe  between  the  town 
and  Mr.  Bradftreet,  which  alfo  concerned  his  own  inter- 
eft,  Mr.  Dudley  ufed  this  fpeech  to  him — "  Do  you  think 
to  come  with  your elderfhip  here  to  carry  matters"  &c. 
Mr.  Dudley  was  fomewhat  hard  at  firft  to  be  brought  to 
fee  any  evil  in  it,  but  at  lad  he  was  convinced  arid  did. 
acknowledge  it,  and  they  were  reconciled. 

The  deputies  alfo  who  were  preient  at  this  meeting  and 
had  voted  for  the  plaintiff  in  the  cafe  of  the  fow,  feerned 
now  to  be  fatisfied,  and  the  elders  agreed  to  deal  with  the 
4,i"puties  of  their  feveral  towns,  to  the  ead  that  that. caufe 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

might  never  trouble  the  court  more.  But  all  this  not* 
wi  i  h  flan  ding,  the  plaintiff  (or  rather  one  G.  Story  his 
foiicitor)  b^ing  of  an  unfatisfced  fpirit,  and  animated,  or 
atleaft,  too  much  countenanced  by  iowne  of  the  court, 
preferred  a  petition  at  the  court  of  eleftions,  for  a  new 
hearing,  and  this  being  referred  to  the  committee  for  pe- 
titions, it  was  returned  that  the  greater  part  of  them  did 
conceive  the  caufe  fhould  be  heard  again,  and  fome  others 
in  the  court  declared  themlelves  of  the  fame  judgment, 
which  cauled  others  to  be  much  grieved  to  fee  fuch  a 
fpirit  in  godly  men,  that  neither  the  judgment  of  near 
all  the  magiftrates,  ner  the  concurrence  of  the  elders  and 
their  mediation,  nor  the  lofs  of  time  an«l  charge,  nor  the 
fettling  of  peace  in  court  and  country  could  prevail  with 
to  It't  fuch  a  caufe  fall  (as  in  ordinary  courfe  of  juftice  it 
O'ight)  as  nothing  could  b«  found  in,  by  any  one  tefti- 
jnony,  to  be  of  criminal  nature,  nor  could  the  matUr  of 
the  fuit.  with  all  damages,  have  amounted  to  forty  (hil- 
lings :  But  two  things  appeared  to  carry  men  on  in  this 
courfe  as  it  were  in  captivity.  One  was,  the  deputies 
flood  only  upon  this — that  their  towns  were  not  fatisfied 
in  the  Coufe  (which  by  the  way  (hews  plainly  the  demo- 
cratical  fpirit  which  aftuates  our  deputies  &c.)  The 
other  was,  the  defue  of  the  name  of  victory  ;  whereas  on 
the  other  fide  the  magiftrates  &c.  were  content  for  peace 
fake,  and  upon  the  elders  advice,  to  decline  that  advan- 
tage, and  to  let  the  caufe  fall  for  want  of  advice  to  iway 
it  either  way.  Now  that  which  made  the  people  fo  un- 
fatisfied  and  unwilling  the  caufe  fhould  reft  as  it  ftood, 
was  the/'-o  which  the  defendent  had  recovered  againft 
the  plaintiff  in  an  adlion  of  {lander;  for  faying  he  had  ftol- 
en  the  fow  &c.  and  many  of  them  could  not  diftinguilh 
this  from  the  principal  caufe,  as  if  fhe  had  been  adjudged 
to  pay  £2.0  for  demanding  her  fow,  and  yet  the  defend- 
ent never  took  of  this  more  than  £%  for  his  charges  of 
witnefles  &c.  and  offered  to  remit  the  whole  if  (he  would 
have  acknowledged  the  wrong  fhe  had  done  him  ;  but  he 
being  accounted  a  rich  man,  and  fhe  a  poor  woman,  this 
fo  wrought  with  the  people,  as  being  blinded  with  un- 
reafonable  eompaflion,  they  could  not  fee,  or  not  allow 
juftice  her  reaforiable  courfe.  This  being  found  out  by 
fome  of  the  court,  a  motion  was  made  that  fome  who 
had  intereft  in  the  defendent  would  undertake  to  per- 
fuade  him  to  rtftore  the  plaintiff  the  £§  (or  whatever  it 
V/ere)  he  took  upoa  that  judgd  merit,  and  likewife  to  re- 
fer 


JOURNAL.  293 

fer  other  matters  to  reference  which  were  between  the  6143. 
iaid  Story  and  him.  This  the  court  were  fatisfied  with, 
and  proceeded  no  further.  There  was  yet  one  offence 
which  the  elders  defired  might  alfo  be  removed,  and  for 
that  end  fnme  of  them  moved  the  Governor  ia  it.  and  he 
cahly  contented  to  them  fo  far  as  they  had  convinced 
him  of  his  failing  therein.  The  matter  was  this.  The 
Governor  had  publifhed  a  writing  about  the  cafe  of  the 
fow  as  is  here  before  declared,  wherein  fome  palfagcs 
gave  offence,  which  heb^ing  willing  to  remove,  fo  (boa 
as  became  into  the  general  court  he  fpake  as  followeth, 
(his  ipeech  is  fet  down  verbatim  to  prevent  mifreprefent- 
ati©n,  as  if  he  had  retrafted  what  he  had  wrote  in  the 
point  of  the  cafe)  "  I  underftand  divers  have  taken  of- 
fence at  a  writing  I  fet  forth  about  the  fow  bufinefs  ;  I 
defire  to  remove  jt,  and  to  begin  my  year  in  a  reconciled 
eftate  with  all.  The  writing  is  of  two  parts,  ths  matter 
and  the  manner.  In  the  former  I  had  the  concurrence 
of  others  of  my  brethren  both  magiftrates  and  deputies  ; 
but  for  the  othsr,  viz.  the  manner,  that  was  wholly  mine 
own,  fo  as  whatfoever  was  blam«  worthy  in  it  I  muft 
take  it  to  rnyfelf.  The  matter  is  point  of  judgment  which 
is  not  at  my  own  difpofing.  I  have  examined  it  over 
and  again  by  fuch  light  as  God  hath  afforded  me  from 
the  rules  of  religion,  reafon,  and  common  practice,  and 
truly  1  can  find  no  ground  to  retraft  any  thing  in  that, 
therefore  I  defire  I  may  enjoy  ray  liberty  herein,  as  every 
of  yourfelves  do,and  juftlymay.  But  for  themanner,what- 
foever  I  might  alledge  for  my  juflification  before  men,  I 
now  pafs  it  over. — 1  now  fet  myfelf  before  another  judg- 
ment feat.  I  will  firft  fpeak  to  the  manner  in  general, 
and  then  to  two  particulars.  For  the  general.  Howfo- 
ever  that  which  I  wrote  was  upon  great  provocation  by 
fome  of  the  adverfe  party,  and  upon  invitation  from 
others  to  vindicate  ourfelves  from  that  afperfjon  whith 
was  caft  upon  us,  yet  that  was  no  fufficient  warrant  for 
me  to  break  out  into  any  diftesiper.  I  confefs  I  was  too 
prodigal  of  my  bretrhen's  reputation,!  might  have  obtain* 
ed  the  caufe  I  had  in  hand  without  carting  fuch  bl«mifh 
upon  others  as  I  did.  For  the  particulars,  i.  For  the 
conclusion,  viz.  now  let  religion  and  found  reafon  give 
judgment  in  the  cafe;  whereby  I  might  feem  to  conclude  the 
other  fide  to  be  void  both  of  religion  and  reafon.  It  is  true 
a  man  may  (as  the  cafe  may  be)  appeal  to  the  judgment  of 
religion  and  reafon,  but  a*,  I  there  carried  it,  I  did  arro- 
gate 


»94  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1643.  gate  too  much  to  ntyfelf  and  afcribo  too  little  to  others. 
The  other  particular  was  the  profeffion  I  made  of  main- 
taining what  I  wrote  before  all  the  world,  which,  tho'  it 
may  modeft!y  be  profeffed  (as  the  cafe  may  require)  yet 
I  eonfefs  it  waji  now  not  fo  befeeming  me,  but  was  in- 
deed a  fruit  of  tha  pride  of  mine  own  fpirit.  Thefe  are 
all  the  Lord  hath  brought  me  to  confider  of,  wherein  I 
acknowledge  my  failings,  aad  humbly  intreat  you  will 
pardon  and  pafs  them  by  ;  if  you  pleafe  to  accept  my  re- 
queft,  your  filetice  {hall  be  a  fufficient  teftimony  thereof 
unto  me,  and  I  hope  I  (hall  be  more  wife  and  watchful 
hereafter." 

The  fow  bufinefs  had  ftarted  another  queftion  about 
the  magiftrates  negative  vote  in  the  general  court;  the 
deputies  generally  were  very  earneft  to  have  it  taken  a- 
way  ;  whereupon  one  of  the  magiftratet  wrote  a  fmall 
treatife,  wherein  he  laid  down  the  original  of  it  from  tha 
patent,  and  the  eftablifhiftg  of  it  by  order  of  the  general 
court  in  1634,  fhewing  thereby  how  it  was  fundamental 
t«  our  government,  which  if  it  were  taken  away,  would 
be  a  mere  democracy.  He  {hewed  alfo  the  neceffity  and 
ufefulnefs  of  it  by  many  arguments  from  fcripture,  reafon^ 
and  common  praftice&c.  Yet  this  would  not  fatisfy,but  the 
deputies  and  common  people  would  have  it  taken  awav,and 
yet  it  was  apparent  (as  fome  of  the  deputies  themfelves 
confeflfed)  the  moftdid  not  undertland  it.  An  anfwer  al- 
fo was  written  (by  one  of  the  magiftrates  as  was  conceiv- 
ed) to  the  faid  treatife,  undertaking  to  avoid  all  the  argu- 
itaents  both  from  the  patent  and  from  the  order  &c.  This 
the  deputies  made  great  ufe  of  in  this  court,  fuppofmg 
they  had  now  enough  to  carry  the  caufe  clearly  with  them, 
fo  as  they  preffed  earneftly  to  have  it  prefently  determin- 
ed, but  the  magiftrates  told  them  the  matter  was  of  great 
concernment  even  to  the  very  frame  of  our  government ; 
It  had  been  eftabliftied  upon  ferious  confutation  and  cort- 
fent  of  all  the  elders  :  it  had  baen  continued  without  any 
inconvenience  or  apparent  mifchief  thefe  14  years,  there- 
fere  it  would  not  be  fafe  nor  of  good  report  to  alter  on 
fuch  a  fudden,  and  without  the  advice  of  the  elders  ;  of- 
fering withal,  that  if  upon  fuch  advice  and  consideration 
it  (hould  appear  to  be  inconvenient,  or  not  warranted  by 
the  patent  and  die  faid  order  &c.  they  ftieuld  be  ready  to 
joirt  with  them  in  taking  it  away.  Upon  thefe  propoli- 
tions  they  were  ftilled,  and  fo  an  order  was  drawn  up  to 
this  effecl; — That  it  was  defired  that  every  member  of  th« 
court  would  take  advice  &c.  and  that  it  fhould  be  no  of- 


JOURNAL. 

fence  for  any,  either  publickly  or  privately  to  declare  1643. 
their  opinion  in  the  cafe  io  it  were  modeilly  &c.  and  v- 
that  the  elders  ftiould  be  deiired  to  give  their  advice  be- 
fore tke  next  meeting  of  this  court.  It  was  the  magif- 
trates  only  care  to  gain  time,  that  fo  the  people's  heat 
might  be  abated,  for  then  they  knew  they  would  hear 
reaion,  and  that  the  advice  of  tha  elders  might  be  inter- 
poled  ;  aad  that  there  might  be  liberty  to  reply  to  thfc 
anfwer,  which  was  very  long  and  tedious,  which  accor- 
dingly was  done  foon  after  the  court,  and  'published  to 
good  fatis faction.  One  of  the  alders  alfo  wrote  a  fmall 
»  treatife,  wherein  fcholaflically  and  religioufly  h«  hand- 
led the  quedion,  laying  down  the  feveral  forms  of  gov- 
ernment both  riraple  and  mixt,  and  the  true  form  of  our 
government,  and  the  unavoidable  change  into  a  democ- 
racy, if  the  neg.  voice  were  taken  away  ;  and  anfwefed 
all  objections,  and  fo  concluded  for  the  continuance  of 
it,  f©  as  the  deputies  and  the  people  alfo,  having  their 
heat  moderated  by  tijne,  and  their  judgments  better  in- 
formed by  what  they  had  learned  about  it,  let  the  caufef 
fall,  and  he  who  had  written  tke  anfwer  to  the  firft  de- 
fence, appeared  no  further  in  it. 

Our  fupplies  from  England  failing  siuch,  men  began 
to  look  about  them,  and  fell  to  a  manufacture  of  cotton, 
whereof  we  had  ftore  from  Barbadoes,  and  of  hemp  and 
flax,  wherein  R'owly,  to  their  great  commendation,  ex- 
ceeded all  other  towns. 

The  Governor  acquainted  the  court  with  a  letter  he 
received  from  Mr,  Wheelwright  to  intreat  the  favor  of 
the  court  that  he  might  have  leave  to  come  into  the  Bay 
upon  efpecial  occafioas,  which  was  readily  granted  him 
for  14  days,  wkercupon  he  came  and  fpake  with  divers 
of  the  elders,  and  g«ve  them  fuch  fatisfa&ion  as  they  in- 
tended to  intercede  with  the  court  for  tke  releafe  of  his 
banifhment.  See  more  (3)  44. 

Sacononoco  and  Punham  two  fachems  near  Provi- 
dence, having  under  them  between  2  and  300  men,  find- 
ing thenafelve*  overborn  by  MiantORomoh  tke  fachem  of 
Naraganfett,  and  Gorton  and  his  company,  who  had  fo 
prevailed  with  Miant :  as  he  forced  one  of  them  to  join 
with  him  in  fetting  his  hand  or  mark  to  a  writiag  where- 
by a  part  of  his  land  was  fold  to  Gorton  and  his  compa- 
ny, for  which  Miant.  received  a  [price,  but  the  other 
would  not  receive  that  which  was  for  his  part,  alledging 
that  he  did  not  intend  to  fell  hi*  land,  tho'  thro'  fear  of 

Mi, 


»96  GOVERNOR     WlNTRHOP's 

1643.  Miant  :  he  bad  put  his  mark  to  the  writing.  They  camfc 
to  our  Governor,  and  by  Benjamin  Arnold  their  inter- 
preter, did  defire  we  would  receive  them  under  our  gov- 
ernment, and  brougfet  withal  a  (mall  prefent  of  wamponlj 
about  ten  fathom.  1  he  Governor  gave  them  encourage- 
ment, but  referred  them  to  the  court,  and  received  their 
prefent,  intending  to  return  it  them  again  if  the  court 
fhould  not  accord  to  them,  but  at  the  prefent  he  acquaint- 
ed another  of  the  magiftrates  with  it,  fo  it  was  agreed, 
and  they  wrote  to  Gorton  and  his  company  to  let  them 
know  what  the  fachems  had  complained  of,  and  how 
they  had  tender'd  themfelves  to  come  under  ourjurif- 
di&ion,  and  therefore  if  they  had  any  thing  to  alledge  a- 
gainCt  it  they  fhould  come  or  (end  to  our  next  coui  t.  We 
lent  alfo  to  Miant  :  to  fignify  the  fame  to  him  \\  hereup- 
on in  the  beginning  of  the  court  Miant  :  came  to  Boiton, 
and  being  demanded  in  open  court  before  divers  of  his 
own  men  and  Culfhamakin  and  other  indians.  whether 
he  had  any  intereft  in  the  faid  two  fachems  as  his  fubjtcls, 
he  could  prove  none.  Cutlhamakin  alfo  in  his  preience 
affirmed  tkat  he  had  no  intereft  in  them,  but  they  were  as 
free  facheois  as  himfelf :  only  becaufe  he  was  a  great  fa- 
chern,  they  had  fometime  fent  him  prefents.  and  aided 
him  in  his  war  againft  the  Pequots  :  and  Ben.  Arnold 
affirmed  partly  upon  his  own  knowledge,  and  partly  up- 
on the  relation  of  divers  Indians  of  thofe  parts,  that  the 
indians  belonging  to  thefe  fachems  dir<  ufually  pay  their 
deer  (kins  (which  are  a  tribute  belonging  to  the  chief 
fachem)  always  to  them,  and  never  to  Miantonomoh  or 
any  other  faehem  of  Naraganfett,  which  Miant:  could 
not  contradift,  whereupon  it  was  referred  to  the  Govern- 
or and  fome  other  of  the  magiftrates  and  deputies  to  fend 
for  the  two  fachems  after  the  court,  and  to  treat  with 
them  about  their  receiving  in  to  us.  But  before  this, 
Gorton  and  his  compawy  (i  2  in  number)  fent  a  writing  to 
our  court  of  four  fheets  of  paper,  full  of  reproach*-?,  a- 
gainft  our  magiftrates,  elders  and  churches,  of  familifti- 
cal  and  abfurd  opinions,  and  therein  they  juftified  their 
purchafe  of  the  facheans  land,  and  profcffed  to  maintain 
it  to  the  death.  They  fent  us  word  alfo  after  (as  Ben, 
Arnold  reported  to  us)  that  if  we  fent  men  againft  them 
they  were  ready  to  meet  us,  being  allured  of  vi&ory  from 
God  &c. — Whereupon  the  court  fent  two  of  the  deputies 
to  fpeak  with  them  to  fee  whether  they  would  own  that 
writing  which  wa&fubfcribcd  by  them  all,  When  they 

came, 


JOURNAL. 

came,  they  with  much  difficulty  came  to  find  out 
Gorfon  and  two  or  three  more  of  them,  and  upon  con-  v> 
ference  they  did  own  and  juftify  the  faid  writing.  They 
fpake  eilfo  with  the  tw«  lac  herns,  as  they  had  commiffion, 
and  giving  th&m  to  underftand  upon  what  terms  they  muft 
be  received  under  us,  they  found  them  very  pliable  to 
all,  and  opening  to  them  the  ten  commandments,  they  re- 
ceived this  anfwer,  which  I  have  fet  down  as  the  com- 
miffionfrs  took  it  in  writing  from  their  mouths. 

1.  Ques.     Whether  they  would  worfhip  the  true  God 
that  made  heaven    and  earth,  and  not  blafuhetne  "him  ? 
Ans.  We  defcre  to  fpeak   reverently  of  en^lilhman's  God 
and  not  to  fpeak  evil  of  him   becaufe  we  fee  the  englifh.- 
man's  God  doth  better  for  them  than  other  Gods  do  for 
others. 

2.  That  they  fhould  not  fwear  falfly.     Ans.  We  ne- 
ver knew  what  fwearing  or  an  oath  \vas. 

3.  Not  to  do  any  unnecefTary  work  on  the  Lord's  day 
within  the  gates  of  *  towns.     Ans.  It  is  a  Cm  all  thing 
for  u*  to  reft  on  that  day,  for  we   have   not  much  to  do 
any  day,  and  therefore  we  will  forbear  on  that  day. 

4.  To  honor  their  parents  and  fuperiors.     Ans.  It  is 
our  cuftom  fo  to  do,   for  inferiors  to  be  fubjeft  to  Superi- 
ors, for  if  we  complain  to  the  Governor  of  ihe  Maff<ichu- 
fetts  that  we  have  wrong,  if  they    tell  us  we  lie,  we  {hail 
willingly  bear  it. 

5.  Not  to  kill   any  man  but  upon  juft  caufe  andjuft 
authority.     Ans.  It  is  good,  and  we  defire  fo  to  do. 

6.  7.  Not  to  commitkfornication,  adultery,  beftiality  &c. 
Ans.  Though  fornication  and   adultery  be    committed  a- 
mong  us,  yet  we   allow  it    not,   but  judge  it  evil,  fo  the 
fame  we  judge  of  dealing. 

8.  For  lying,  they  fay  it   is  an    evil,  and  fhall  not  al- 
low it. 

9,  Whether  you    will   fuffer  your   chidren  to   read 
God's  word  that    they  may  have  knowledge  of  the  true 
God  and  to   worfhip   him  in   his  own  way  ?     Ans.  As 
opportunity  ferveth  by  the  engliQi    coming   amongft  us 
we  defire  to  learn  their  manners. 

After  the  court  the  Governor  &c.  fent  for  them,  ani 
they  came  to  Button  at  the  day  appointed,  viz.  the  zzd 
of  the  4th  month,  and  a  form  of  fubmififion  being  drawn 
up,  and  they  being  by  Ben.  Arnold  their  neighbour  and 
interpreter  (who  fpake  their  language  readily)  made  to 
undtrftand  every  particular,  in  the  prefence  of  divers  of 
P  p  th« 


GOVERNOR     \ViNTRHOFs 

•  "He  Men  and  many  others,  t  h«  v  freely  fuWcribed  :  he  fuV- 

v « '  miften  as  it  here  follow cth  verbatim.     Being  told  that 

we  did  not  receive  them  in  as  confederate  bat  aft  fubjexis, 
they  aal  wercd,  that  they  wen  io  little  in  reipecl  of  us,  *s 
they  could  expect  no  other,  fe  they  dined  in  tie  iame 
with  the  Governor,  hut  at  a  table  hy  themfelve* 


and  having  much  countenance  {hewed  then  hy  all  pre- 
fcnt,  and  being  t  Id  that  they  and  their  met,  fcouid  be  a'.- 
ways  welcome  to  the  engVtfh,  provided  they  brought  a 
sole  from  Ben.  Arnold,  taut  we  might  know  them  iroai 
other  indians,  and  having  tome  i'maii  things  .beftowed 
upon  them  by  the  Governor,  they  departed  joyful  and 
well  fct«£*d".  \V  c  locked  at  it  as  a  fruit  of  our  pr 
and  the  fcrft  fruit  of  our  hopes  that  the  example  would 
bring  in  others,  and  that  the  Lord  was  by  this  means 
waking  a  way  to  bring  them  to  civility,  and  io  to  cea  ver* 
Con  to  the  knowledge  and  embracing  of  thegofpel  in  his 

Soon  after  their  departure  we  took  order  that  Mia-  * 
nomoh  and  the  engttih  in  tbefc  parts  fhoold  have  notice 
of  their  fubmifion  to  us,  that  they  might  refrain  from  do- 


«*  This  writing  is  to  te!bf> .  c  Pun  ham  firhtm 

of  Shawemock,  awl  Sacononoco  fachem  of  Patuxet  Ac. 
have,  and  by  thefe  prefents  do  voluntarily  and  without 
any  conftraint  or  perluafion  but  of  our  own  free  notion, 
put  ourfelves,  our  fubje&s*  lands  ami  eftate*  under  the 
government  and  jur»U*dion  of  the  Miflackufetts,  to  be 
governed  and  protected  by  them,  according  to  the.        I 
laws  and  orders,  fo  t«r  as  we  (hall  be  made  capable  oi  m*4 
derftanding  them  :  and  we  oo  promife  lor  ouifelr^ 
our  fubjefts,  and  all  our  poteritv  to  be  true  and  f* 
to  the  iaxd  government,  ami  ai«Ung  to  the  mainterAuaH 
thereof  to  our  heft  ability,  and  from  time  to  time  to  give 
fpeedy  notice  of  any  confpiracy,  attempt,  or  evil  intetM 
Uon  of  anv  which  we  <hall  know  or  hear  of  ,  aga&n  ^  thn 
^me :  and  we  do  prcmife  to  be  willing,  from  time  to] 
time,  to  be  inftrufted  in  the  knowledge  and  woHhip  of 


Cod.     In  witnefs  whereof** 

The  lady  Mooeye,  a  wife  and  anciently  relrgious  wo- 
man, being  taken  with  the  error  of  denying  bapcifm 
infaats  was  dealt  withal  bv  many  of  the  ekters  awioth 
and  admoaulhed  by  the  church  of  S*km  (wh 
r)  but  perilling  full,  ami  to  avoid 


JOURNAL.  299 

trouble  <fcc.  {he  removed  to  the  dutch  againft  ths  advice 
of  all  her  friends.  Minv  others  infefted  with  anabapt : 
removed  thither  alfo.  She  was  after  excommunicated. 

There  arofe  a  fuddcn  guft  at  N.W.  fo  violent  for  half  (5) 
an  hour  as  it  blew  down  multituds  of  trees.  It  lifted  up 
th?ir  meetmghoufe  at  Newbury,  the  people  being4  in  it. 
It  darkened  the  air  with  duft,  yet  thro'  God's  great  mercy 
it  did  no  hurt,  but  only  killed  one  indian  with  the  fall  •£ 
a  tree.  It  wa*  ftraight  between  Linne  and  Hampton. 

Here  arrived  one  Mr.  Carman  maft^r  of  the  {hip  call-    a. 
ed  of  180  tons.     He  went  from  New-Haven  in 

lober  laft,  laden  with  clapboards  for  the  Canaries,  being 
earneftly  commended  to  the  Lords  protection  by  the 
church  there.  At  the  Ifland  oi  Palrna  he  was  fet  upon 
by  a  turkifh  pirate  of  300  tons  and  i.6  pieces  of  ordinance 
and  200  men  :  he  fought  with  her  three  hours,  having 
but  20  men  and  but  7  pieces  of  orclonance  that  he  could 
ufe,  and  his  mufkets  were  unferviceable  with  ruft.  The 
turk  lay  crofs  his  hawfe,  fo  as  he  was  forced  to  {hoot  thro* 
his  own  hoodings  and  by  thefe  {hot  killed  many  turks  ; 
then  the  turk  lay  by  his  fide  and  boarded  him  with  near 
100  men  and  cut  all  hit  rope  &c.  but  his  {hot  having  kill- 
ed the  captain  of  the  turkifb  (hip  and  broken  his  tiller, 
the  turk  took  in  his  own  enftgn  and  fell  off  from  him, 
but  i»  fuch  hafte  as  he  left  about  50  of  his  men  aboard 
him,  then  the  mafter  and  fome  of  his  men  came  up  and 
fought  with  thofe  50  hand  to  hand,  and  flew  fo  many  of 
them  as  the  reft  leaped  overboard.  The  mailer  had  ma- 
ny wounds  on  his  head  and  body,  and  divers  of  his  men 
were  wounded,  yet  but  one  {lain,  fo  with  much  difficulty 
he  got  to  the  ifland  (being  in  view  thereof)  where  he  was 
very  courteoufly  entertained  and  fupplied  with  whatfo- 
ever  he  wanted. 

Continuation  about    La  Tour. 

The  Governor,  with  the  advice  of  fome  of  the  magif- 
trates  and  elders,  wrote  a  letter  to  D'Aulnay  taking  oc- 
cafton  in  anfwer  to  his  letter  in  9&er  laft  to  this  effect,  via. 
Whereas  he  found  by  the  arreft  he  fent  laft  autumn  that 
La  Tour  was  under  difpleafure  and  cenfure  in  France, 
thereupon  we  intended  to  have  no  further  to  do  with 
hiii  than  by  way  of  commerce  which  i*  allowed,  and  if 
he  had  made  prixs  of  any  of  our  veflels  in  that  way,  as  he 
threatened,  we  ChouM  have  righted  ourielvcs  fo  well  n 
we  could  without  injury  to  himlolf  or  ^uft  offence  to  his 
%* after  of  France,  whom  we  did  houor  as  &  great  a-»4 


3oo  GOVERNOR     W  I N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1643.  mighty  prince,  and  fliouM  endeavour  always  to  behave 
ourfclves  towards  his  majcfty  and  all  his  fubje&s  as  be- 
came us  &c.  But  La  Tour  coming  now  to  us,  and  ac- 
quainting us  how  it  was  with  him  &<:.  and  here  mention- 
ed the  vice  admiral's  commiflion  and  the  letters  &c.  tho' 
\ve  thought  not  fit  to  give  him  aid,  as  being  unwilling  to 
intermaddle  in  the  wars  of  any  of  our  neighbours,  yet 
confidering  his  urgent  diftrefs,  we  could'not  in  chrifKan- 
ity  or  humanity  deny  him  liberty  to  hire  for  his  money 
any  {hips  in  our  harbour,  either  fuch  as  came  to  us  oat  of 
England  or  others.  And  whereas  fome  of  our  people 
were  willing  to  go  along  with  him  (tho'  without  any 
comminion  from  us)  we  had  charged  them  to  labour  by 
all  means  to  bring  matters  to  a  reconciliation  &c.  and 
that  they  fhould  be  aflured  that  if  they  fhould  do  or  at- 
tempt any  thing  againft  the  rules  of  juftice  and  good 
neighbourhood,  they  mud  be  accountable  therefor  unto 
us  at  their  return. 

Befide  the  former  arguments,  there  came  fmce  to  Bof- 
ton  one  Mr.  Hook  a  godly  gentleman,  and  a  deputy  of 
the  court  for  Salifburv,  who  related  of  the  good  ufage 
and  great  courtefy  which  La  Tour  had  (hewed  to  himfelf 
and  othor  paffengers  who  were  landed  at  his  fort  about 
nine  years  fmce  as  they  came  from  England,  and  how  the 
(hip  leaving  them  there,  and  only  a  fmall  fhallop  to  bring 
thtm  to  thefe  parts,  and  a  dangerous  bay  of  12  leagues  to 
be  pafled  over,  he  would  not  fuffer  them  to  depart  be- 
fore he  had  provided  his  own  pinnace  to  tranfport  them. 

And  whereas  he  was  charged  to  have  killed  two  eng- 
lifhmen  at  Machias  not  far  from  his  fort,  and  to  have 
taken  away  their  goods  to  the  value  of  /  500.  Mr.  Vines 
of  Saco  who  was  part  owner  of  the  goods  and  principal 
trader  and  being  prefent  with  La  Tour,  the  Governor 
heard  the  caufe  between  them  which  was  thus. 

Mr.  Vines  being  in  a  pinnace  trading  in  thefe  parts, 
La  Tour  met  him  in  another  pinnace,  and  bought  fo  ma- 
ny of  his  commodities  as  Mr.  Vines  received  then  of  him 
400  (kins,  and  altho'  fome  of  Mr.  Vines  his  company 
had  abufed  La  Tour,  whereupon  he  had  made  them  pri- 
foners  in  his  pinnace,  yet  at  Mr.  Vines'  intreatv  he  dif- 
eharged  them  with  grave  and  good  counfel,  and  acquaint- 
ing Mr.  Vines  with  his  commiflion  to  make  prize  of  all 
fuch  as  fhould  come  to  trade  in  thofe  parts,  and  thereup- 
on defired  him  peaceably  to  forbear  &c.  yet  at  his  requeft 
he  gave  him  leave  to  trade  the  goods  he  had  left,  in  his 

way 


JOURNAL.  301 

way  horn?,  fo  as  h«  did  not  fortify  or  build  in  any  place      16.13. 

within  hi.s  com  mi  (lion,  wnich  he  faid  he  could  not  anfwer  v v ' 

it  if  he  Ihouldfuffer  it  ;   whereupon  they  parted  friendly. 
Mr.  Vines  landed  his  good*  at  Machiai  and    ihere  fet  up 
a  fmall    wigwam,  and  Irft  five  men  and  two  minderers  to 
defend   it,  and  a  fh  Hoi*,   and   fo   returned  home.     Two 
days  after  La  Tour  comes,  and  cafting  anchcr  before  the 
place,  one  of  Mr.  Vio«,s    men   came  aboard  h's  pinnace, 
and  while  they  were  in  parley,  four  o^  La  Tour  his  men 
went  on   (bore.     One   of  the    four  which    were  in    the 
houfe  feeing  them,  gave  fire  to  a  murder,  but    it  not  tak- 
ing fire  he    called  to  his  fellow  to  give  fire  to  the  other 
murder,     which     he     going    to     do,     the     four,  frenck 
retreated     and    one    of    their    mufkets    went    off    (La 
Tour  fayelh  it   was  by  accident,  and  that  'he   (hot  went 
thro'  one  of  his  fellow's  cloaths,  but  Mr.  Vines  could  fay 
nothing  to  that)  it  killed  two  of  tke  men  on  fhore,  which 
Lc  Tour  then  profeflfed  himfelf  innocent  of,and  very  for ry 
for  ;  and  fu'd  further,  that  the  five  men  were  at  that  time 
all  drunk,  and  not   unlikely   having  (lore  of  wine  and 
ftrong  water,  for  had  they  been  fobcr,  they  would   not 
have  given  fire  upon  fuch  as  they  had  converfcd  friendly 
with  but  two  days  before,  without   once  bidding  them 
ftand,  or  afking  them  wherefore  they  came.     After  this 
La  Tour  coming  to  the  houfe,  and  finding  fome  of  his  own 
goods  (though  of  no  great  value)  which  had   a  little  be- 
fore been  taken  out  of  his  fort  at  St.  Joans  by  the  fcotch 
and  fome  englifh  of  Virginia   (where  they   plundered  all 
his  goods  to  a  great  value  and  abufed  his  men)  he  felzed 
the  three  men  and  the  goods  and  fent  them   into  France 
according  to  his  commiflion,   where   the  men   were  dif- 
charged,  but  the  goeds  adjudged  lawful  prize.     Mr.  Vines 
did  not  contradift  any  of  this,  but  only  that  he  did  not 
build  or  fortify  at  Machias,  but  only   fet  up  a  fhelter  for 
feis  men  and  goods.     For  the  value  of  the  goods  Mr  Vines 
fhewed  an  invoice  which  came  t«  3  or  /*4OO  but  La  Tour 
faid  he  had  another   under  the  mens  hands   that   were 
there,  which  came  not  to  half  fo  much.     In  courtefy  he 
promifed  that  he  would  refer  the  eaufe  to  judgment,  and 
if  it  fhoald  be  found  that  he  had  done  them  wrong,  he 
would  make  fatisfaftion. 

In  the  evening  La  Tour  took  fliip,  the   Governor  and     (5)  14. 
divers  of  the  chief  ©f  the  town  accompanying  him  to  his 
boat.     There  went  with  him  four  of  our  (hips  and  a  pin- 
nace.    He  hired  them  for  two  months,  the  chiefeft  which 

had 


30*  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1643.  had  16  pieces  of  ordonance  at  £"200  the  month;  yet  die 
was  of  but  100  tons,  but  very  well  manned  and  fitted  for 
iglit,  and  the  reft  proportionable.  The  owner*  took  on- 
ly his  own  fecurity  for  their  pay.  He  entertained  alfo 
about  70  land  foldiers  volunteers  at  4q/i  per  month  a  man, 
but  he  paid  them  fomewhat  in  hand. 

Of  the  two  friars  which  came  in  this  fhip,  the  one  was 
a  very  learned  acute  man.  Divers  of  our  elders  who  had 
conference  with  him  reported  fo  of  him.  They  came 
not  into  the  towns,  left  they  fhould  give  offence,  but  once, 
being  brought  by  fome  to  fee  Mr.  Cotton  and  confer  with 
him,  and  when  thev  came  to  depart,  the  chief  camt  to 
tak«  leave  of  the  Governor  and  the  two  elders  of  Bo  (Ion, 
and  fhewed  himfelf  v«ry  thankful  for  the  courtefy  th«y 
found  among  us. 

In  the  afternoon  th«y  fet  fail  from  Long  Ifland,  the 
wind  N.  and  by  W.  and  went  out  at  Broad  Sound  at  half 
flood,  where  no  (hips  of  fuch  burthen  had  gone  out  be- 
fore, or  not  more  than  one. 

Three  errors  the  Governor  &c.  committed  in  manag- 
ing this  bufinefs.  i.  In  giving  La  Tour  an  anfwer  io 
fudctenly  (the  very  next  day  after  his  arrival)  2.  In  not 
advifing  with  any  of  the  elders,  as  their  manner  was  in 
matters  of  lefs  confequence.  3.  In  not  calling  upon  God 
as  they  were  wont  to  do  in  all  public  affairs,  before  they 
fell  to  confultation  &c. 

The  occafions  of  thefe  errors  were  firft — their  earneft 
defire  to  difpatch  him  away,  and  conceiving  at  firft  they 
fhould  have  given  him  the  fame  anfwer  they  gave  his 
lieutenant  the  laft  year,  for  they  had  not  then  feen  the 
Vice  Admiral's  comraiCion.  2.  Not  then  conceiving 
any  need  of  counfcl,  the  elders  never  came  into  the  Gov- 
ernor'* thoughts.  3.  La  Tour  and  many  of  the  french 
coming  into  them  at  firft  meeting,  and  fome  taking  occa- 
fion  to  fall  in  parley  with  them,  there  did  not  appear  then 
a  fit  opportunity  for  fo  folemn  an  d£lion  as  calling  upon 
God,  being  in  the  midft  of  their  bufmefs  before  they  were 
aware  of  it.  But  this  fault  hath  been  many  times  found 
in  the  Governor  to  be  overfudden  in  his  refolutions,  for 
altho'  the  courfe  were  both  warrantable  and  fafe  yet  it 
had  befeemed  men  of  wifdom  and  gravity  to  have  pro- 
ceeded with  more  delibetation  and  further  advice. 

Thofe  about  Ipfwich  &c.  took  great  offence  at  thefe 
proceedings,  fo  as  three  of  the  naagiftrates  and  the  cHderi 
of  Ipfwich  andRowlye,  with  Mr.  Nathaniel* Ward,wrote 


JOURNAL.  303 

a  letter  to  the  Governor  and  affiftants  in  the  bay,  and  to  6143. 
the  elders  there,  protefling  againft  the  proceedings,  and 
that  they  would  be  innocent  of  all  the  evil  which  might 
eniue  &c.  with  divers  arguments  againft  it,  whereof  fome 
were  weighty  but  not  to  the  matter,  for  they  fuppofed  we 
had  the  country  in  a  war,  as  if  we  had  permitted  our 
fhips  &c.  to  go  fight  with  D'Aulnay,  whereas  we  only 
permitted  them  to  be  hired  by  La  Tour  to  conduct  him 
home.  The  Governor  made  aniwer  to  this  proteitation, 
fo  did  Mr.  Dudley  and  the  paftor  of  Bollun. 

Letters  came  to  our  Governor  from  Mr.  Haynes  Gov-  (5 
ernor  at  Hartford,  certifying  of  a  war  begun  between 
Onkus  fachtm  of  Mohegen,  and  Sequaflon  {Vchem  upon 
Connecticut — and  that  upon  Onkus'  complaint  of  the 
other's  aflaulting  him  &c.  he  fent  for  Sequaflon  and  en- 
deavoured to  make  them  friends,  but  Sequaffon  chofe  ra- 
ther to  have  war,  fo  they  were  forced  to  leave  them  t* 
themfclves,  promifing  to  be  aiding  to  neither  &c.  Soon, 
after  Onkus  let  upon  Scquaffon  and  killed  feven  or  eight 
of  his  men,  wounded  13,  burnt  his  v:igwam,  and  carried 
away  the  booty.  Upon  this  Miantonomoh  (being  allied 
to  Sequafion)  fent  to  Mr.  Haynes  to  complain  of  Onkus, 
He  aniwcred  that  the  eriglifh  had  no  hand  in  it,  nor  would 
encourage  them  &c.  Miantonomoh  gave  notice  hereof 
stlfo  to  our  Governor  by  two  of  our  neighbour  indians 
who  had  been  with  him,  and  was  very  detirous  to  know 
if  we  would  not  be  offended  if  he  mad*  war  upon  Onkus. 
Our  Governor  anfwered,  if  Onkus  had  done  him  or  his 
friends  wrong  and  would  not  give  fatisfaciion,  we  fhould 
leave  him  to  take  his  own  courfe. 

A  Dutch  (loopanivcQ  witfa  letters  in  latin  fignedbythe  (5) 
fecretary  there  in  the  name  and  by  the  command  of  the 
Governor  and  fenate,  directed  to  the  Governor  and  fen- 
ate  ofR.P.  of  New  England,  wherein  ift.  he  congratulates 
our  late  confederation,  then  he  complains  of  unfufferable 
wrongs  done  to  th^ir  people  upon  Connecticut,  more  of 
late  than  formerly,  and  of  minnformation  given  by  fome 
of  ours  to  the  States  cmbafiador  in  London,  and  defirei 
to  know  by  a  categorical  anfwer,  whether  we  will  aid  or 
defert  them  (meaning  of  Hartford)  that  fo  they  may  know 
their  friends  from  their  enemies  &c.  The  Governor  ap- 
pointed a  meeting  ol  fome  of  the  next  magistrates  on  the 
ad  day  next,  but  the  rain  hindering  fome  of  them,  it  was 
put  off  to  the  5th  day. 

Here  arivtd  *  bark  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick  from  Trini- 


30*  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 


1643.  dado;  {became  for  people  and  provifions,  but  our  peo- 
_,—  v—  _*  pie  being  well  informed  of  the  ftate  of  thofe  places  were 
now  become  \viier,  and  could  flay  here  where  they  were 
in  better  condition  than  they  could  be  in  thofe  parts,  fo 
he  altered  his  dcfign  and  went  towards  Canada,  and  by 
the  wav  guarded  home  a  pinnace  of  La  Tour's  which 
came  hither  for  provifions. 

The  wife  of  one  Hett.  of  whom  mention  wa& 

made  before,  being  caft  out  of  the  church  of  Bofton,  the 
Lord  was  pleaff  d  lo  to  honor  his  own  ordinance,  that 
.  whereas  before  no  means  could  prevail  with  her  either 
to  reclaim  her  from  her  wicked  ami  blafphemous  couife* 
and  fpeeches  &c.  or  to  bring  her  to  fn  quent  the  means  ; 
•within  a  few  weeks  after  her  cafting  out,  fhe  came  to  fee 
her  fin  and  lay  it  to  heart,  and  to  frequent  the  means,  and 
fo  was  brought  to  fuch  manifeftation  of  repentance  and 
a  found  mind,  as  the  church  received  her  in  again. 

The  day  appointed  for  confide)  ing  of  the  letter  from 
the  Dutch  proved  again  fo  wet  as  but  few  met,  and  of 
thofe  lome  would  have  another  day  appointed,  and  all 
the  rnagiftrates  to  be  called  to  it,  but  others  thought  it  not 
fi,  both  in  regard  the  meflenger  hafted  av  ay,  and  alio  for 
that  no  direct  anfwer  could  be  ieiurn-"d  without  a  gen«- 
ral  court.  At  length  advifing  \viih  !<>:  -\o  or  the  elders 
who  were  at  hand,  and  (ome  of  the  deputies,  w  leturned 
anfwer  to  thisdfect  (in  the  name  of  the  Governor  only) 
viz.  After  gratulation  &c.  of  their  friendly  refpeft  and 
our  earneft  defirr  of  the  continuance  of  that  good  corrcf- 
pondency  which  hath  been  btlween  themfelves  and  us 
ever  fince  our  arrival  in  thefe  parts,  That  our  chief  coun- 
cil to  whom  their  letiers  were  dir<  fted,  being  far  difperf- 
ed  &c.  he  was  neceffiiated,  with  the  advice  of  fome 
other  of  the  magiflrates,  to  return  this  arilwer  to  them. 
foi  rhe  prefent,  being  rather  a  declaraticn  of  their  own 
conceptions  than  the  determination  of  our  chiefeft  au- 
thority, from  which  they  foould  receive  further  anfwer 
in  time  convenient.  We  declared  our  grief  for  the  dif- 
ference between  them  and  our  brethren  of  Hartford, 
which  we  conceived  might  be  compofcd  by  arbiters  ei- 
ther in  England  or  Holland,  or  here  —  that  by  our  con- 
federation we  were  bound  to  feck  the  good  and  iafety  of 
each  other  as  our  own,  which  we  hoped  would  not  hin- 
der the  continuance  of  that  amity  and  correfpondency 
between  themfelves  and  us  :  and  that  the  ground  of  their 
difference  being  only  for  a  fmall  parcel  of  land,  was  a 

mat- 


JOURNAL,  505 

matter  of  fo  little  value  in  this  vaft  continent,  as  was  not      1643. 

worthy  to  caulie  a  breach  between    two  people   fo  nearly  v v- 

related  both  in  profeflion  of  the  fame  proteftant  religion 
and  other  wife,  therefore  we  would  leriouily  requeft  them, 
as  we  would  do  aUo  the  others,  that  when  the  juilice  of 
the  cauie  were  decided  by  one  of  the  ways  before  namedj 
there  might  be  abftinence  on  both  fides,  from  injury  and 
provocation,  and  if  any  fhould  happen 'on  their  part,  that 
it  might  be  duly  examined,  and  we  were  allured  (they 
being  a  people  fearing  God,  they  durft  not  allow  them- 
felves  in  any  unrighteous  courfc)  they  fhould  receive 
equal  fatis(a£tion.  See  more  page 

We  received  news  of  a  great  defeat  given  the  Nara- 
ganfetts  by  Onkus,  and  of  15  Dutch  flain  by  the  inclians, 
and  much  beaver  taken,  and  of  Mr.  Lamberton  <&c. 

Onkus  being  provoked  by  Sequailon  a  iachein  of  Con-       (6) 
ne&icut  who  would  not  be  pctfuaded   by  the  magiftratts 
there  to  a  reconciliation,  made   war  upon    him,  and  flew 
divers  of  his   men    and  burnt  his  wigwams — whereupon 
Miantonomoh,  being  his  kinfman,   look    offence    again  it 
Onkus,  and  went  with  near  i.ooomen  and  fet  upon  On- 
kus before  he  could  be  provided  for  deft-nee,  for    he  had 
not  then  with  him  above  3  or  400   men  :   but  it  pleafed 
God  to  give  Onkus  the  victory  after  he  had  killed   about 
30  of  the  Naraganfetts,    and  wounded   many  'more,  and 
among  thefe  two  of  Canonicus'  ferns  and  a  brother  of  Mi- 
antonomoh, who    fled,  but    having  on  a   coat  of  mail,  Ipc 
was  eattly  overtaken,  which  two  of  his  captains   perceiv- 
ing, they   laid    hold  on  him  and   carried  him  to  Onkus, 
hoping  thereby  to  procure  their  0wn  pardon,  but  fo  loon 
as  they  came  to  Onkus  he  flew  them  prefenfly,  and  Mi- 
antonomoh ftanding  mute,  he  demanded  of  him  why  he 
would    not   (peak.     If  you   had  taken  me,   fayeth    he,  I 
would  have  befought  you  for  my  life.— The  news  of  Mi- 
antonomoh's   captivity   coming   to   Providence,    Gorton 
and  his  company  who  had  bought  of  him  the   lands  be- 
longing to  the  lachems  who   were  come  under  our  juris- 
diction, wrote  a  letter  to  Onkus  willing  him    to  deliver 
their  friend  Miantonamoh,  and  threatened  him   with  the 
power  of  the  engliih    if  he  refufed.     Upon  this   Onkus 
carries  Miantonaraoh  to  Hartford  to  take  advice  of  the 
magiftrates  ther«,  and  at  Miantonamoh's  earned  intieaty 
he  left  him  with  them,  yet  as  a  prifoner.     They  kept  him 
under  guard,  but  ufed   him  very  courteoufly,  and  fo  he 
continued  'till  the  commiflioners  of  the  United  Colonies 

Q  q 


306  G  O  V  I  R  N  O  R    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P't 

1643.  met  at  Bofton,  who  taking  into  ferious  confideration  what 
W*v-— -*  was  fafeft  and  beft  to  be  done,  were  all  of  opinion  that  it 
would  not  be  fafe  to  fet  him  at  liberty,  neither  had  we 
fufficient  giound  for  us  to  put  him  to  death.  In  this  dif- 
ficulty we  called  in  five  of  the  moft  judicious  elders  (it 
being  in  the  time  of  the  general  aflembly  of  the  elders) 
and  propounding  the  cafe  to  them,  they  all  agreed  that 
he  ought  to  be  put  to  death.  Upon  this  concurrence  we 
enjoined  fecrccy  to  ourfelves  and  them,  left  if  it  fhould 
come  the  notice  of  the  Naraganfetts,  they  might  fet  upon 
the  commiflioners  &ct  in  their  return,  to  take  Tome  of 
them  to  redeem  him  (as  Miantonamoh  himfelf  had  told 
Mr.  Haynes  had  been  in  confutation  amongft  them)  and 
agreed  that  upon  the  return  of  the  commiflioners  to  Hart- 
ford they  fhould  fenel  for  Oakus  and  tell  him  our  deter- 
mination that  Miantonamoh  fhould  be  delivered  to  him 
again  and  he  fhould  put  him  to  death  fo  foon  as  he  came 
within  his  own  jurildiclion,  and  that  two  eriglifh  fhould 
go  along  with  him  to  fee  the  execution,  and  that  if  any 
indians  fhould  invade  him  for  it,  we  would  fend  men  to 
defend  him  :  If  Onkus  fhould  refufe  to  do  it,  then  Mi- 
antonarnoh  fhould  be  lent  in  a  pinnace  to  Bofton,  there 
to  be  kept  until  further  confideration. 

Thereafons  of  this  proceeding  with  him  were  thefe. 
i.  It  was  now  clearly  discovered  to  us  that  there  was  a 
general  confpiracy  among  the  indians  to  cut  off  all  the 
rnglifh,  and  that  Miantonamoh  was  the  head  and  contriv- 
er of  ir.  2.  He  was  of  a  turbulent  and  proud  fpirit,  and 
would  never  be  at  reft.  3.  Although  he  had  promifed  us 
in  the  open  court  to  fend  the  Pequod  to  Onkus,  who  had 
fhot  him  in  the  arm  with  intent  to  have  killed  him  (which 
~  was  by  the  procurement  of  Miantonamoh  as  it  did  pro- 
bably appear)  yet  in  his  way  homeward  he  killed  him. 
4.  He  beat  one  of  Pumham's  men  and  took  away  his 
wampom,  and  then  bid  him  go  and  complain  to  the  Maf- 
fachufetts. 

According  to  this  agreement  the  commiflioners,  at  their 
return  to  Connecticut,  fent  for  Onkus,  and  acquainted 
him  therewith,  who  readily  undertook  the  execution,  and 
taking  Miantonamoh  along  with  him,  in  the  way  between 
Hartford  and  Windfor  (where  Onkus  had  fome  men 
dwell)  Onkus'  brother,  following  after  Miantonamoh, 
clave  his  head  with  an  hatchet,  fome  englifh  being  pre- 
fent.  And  that  the  indians  might  know  that  the  englifb 
did  approve  of  it,  they  fent  1 2  or  14  rnufketeers  home 

v/ith 


JOURNAL.  t     307 

with  Onkus  to  abide  a  time  with  him  for  his  defence,  if     6^43. 

need  fhould  be.  v v— J 

About  the  aoth  of  this  month  the  {hips  which  went  Me,  6. 
;with  La  Tour  came  back  fafe,  not  »nc  perfon  milling  or 
fick,  but  the  report  of  their  aftions  was  offenfive  and 
grievous  to  us  ;  for  when  they  drew  near  to  La  Tour'* 
•place,  D'Aulnay  having  difcovered  them  fet  fail  with  his 
veffels  (being  two  fhips  and  a  pinnace)  and  ftopd  right 
home  to  Port  Royal.  Ours  purfued  them,  but  could  not 
fetch  them  up,  but  they  ran  their  fhips  on  ground  in  the 
harbour  and  began  to  foitify  themfclves  :  whereupon 
ours  feist  a  boat  to  D'Aulnay  with  the  Governor's  letter 
and  a  letter  from  Capt.  Hawkins,  who  by  agreement  a- 
mong  themielves  was  commander  in  chief.  The  meffen- 
ger  who  carried  the  letters  being  one  who  could  (peak 
french  well,  was  carried  blindfold  into  the  houfe  and 
there  kept  fix.  or  feven  hours,  and  all  D'Aulnay's  com- 
pany plied  Tor  their  fortifying  with  palifadoes,  and  the 
friars  as  buiy  as  any,  and  encouraging  the  women  who 
cried  pitifully,  telling  them  we  were  infidels  and  here- 
tics. D'Aolnay  would  not  open  La  Tour's  letter  be- 
caufe  he  did  not  ftile  him  Lieut.  General  &c.  but  he  re- 
turned anfwer  to  the  Governor  and  to  Capt.  Hawkins, 
and  lent  him  a  copy  of  the  arrefl  againfl  La  Tour,  and 
.(hewed  the  original  to  the  meilenger,  but  refufed  tocerae 
to  any  terms  of  peace.  Upon  this  La  Tour  urged  much 
to  have  our  men  to  aifault  him,  but  they  refufed.  Then 
he  defired  that  feme  of  ours  might  be  landed  with  his  to 
do  feme  mifchief  to  D'Aulnay.  Capt.  Hawkins  would 
fend  none,  but  gave  leave  to  any  that  would  go  ;  where- 
upon fome  30  ®f  ours  went  with  La  Teur's  men, 
and  were  encountered  by  DsAulnay's  men  who  had  for- 
tified themfelves  by  his  mill,  but  were  beaten  out  with 
lofs  of  three  of  their  men,  and  none  (lain  on  our  fide  nor 
wounded,  only  three  of  La  Tour's  men  were  wounded. 
They  fet  the  mill  on  fire  and  burnt  fome  (landing  corn 
and  retired  to  their  (hips  with  one  prifoner  whom  they 
took  in  the  mill.  D'Aul nay  (hot  with  his  ordonance  at 
their  boats  as  they  went  aboard,  but  mided  them,  nor  did 
our  (hips  make  one  (hot  at  him  again,  but  fet  fail  and 
went  to  La  Tour's  fort.  While  they  lay  there  D'Aul- 
nay's pinnace  came,  fuppofinghe  and  his  (hips  had  been 
(1111  there,  and  brought  in  her  400  moole  (kins  and  400 
beaver  (kins  ;  thefe  they  took  without  any  refiflance  and 
divided  them  ;  one  third  La  Tour  had  and  the  pinnace — • 

one 


3o8  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP's 

16/13.  one  third  to  the  {hips  and  the  other  to  the  rasn  ;  To  they 
v-~— v — ;— '  continued  there  'till  their  time  was  near  expired  and  were 
paid  titcir  hire  and  returned.  One  (hip  coming  a 
good  'i.ne  before  the  other  and  t.he  pinnace  went  up  I. 
Riv«r.  tome  20  leagues  and  laded  with  coal.  They 
biought  a  piece  of  white  marble  whereof  there  is  great 
ftore  near  Irs  fort,  which  makes  very  good  lime. 
Mo.  7.  The  indians  near  the  dutch  having  killed  15  men  as  is 
before  related,  proceeded  on  and  began  to  let  upon  the 
erglifh  who  dwelt  under  the  Dutch.  They  carne  to 
Mrs.  Hutchinfprt's  in  way  of  friendly  neighbourhood  as 
they  had  been  accuftomcd,  and^faking  their  opportunity, 
killed  her  and  Mr.  Collins  her  fon  in  law  (who  had  been 
kept  prifoner  in  Bofton  as  is  before  related)  and  all  her 
fa.i  ily,  and  fuch  of  Mr.  Throckmorton's  and  Mr.  Corn- 
hill't>  families  as  were  at  home  ;  in  all  fixteen,  and  put 
thtir  cat'lc  into  their  houfes  and  there  burnt  them.  By 
a  good  providence  of  God  there  was  a  boat  came  in  there 
at  the  fameinftant,  to  which  fome  women  and  children 
fled,  and  fp  were  faved,  but  two  of  the  boatmen  going  up 
to  the  boufes  were  (hot  and  killed. 

Thefe  people  had  caft  offordinancesand  churches, and 
now  at  laft  their  own  people,  and  for  large  accommoda- 
tion had  fubjc'fted  thamfelves  to  the  Dutch  and  dwc-lt 
fcatteririgly  near  a  mile  afunder  :  and  fome  that  eicaped 
who  had  removed  only  for  want  (as  they  fairi)  of  hay  for 
their  cattle  which  increafed  much,  now  coming  back  a- 
ga'n  to  Aquiday,  they  wanted  cattle  for  their  grafs, 
Thefe  Indians  having  killed  and  driven  away  all  the  en- 
glifli  upon  the  main  as  f«sr  as  Stamford  (  for  fo  far  the 
Dutch  had  gained  poffefTion  bv  the  englilh)  they  pafled 
on  to  Long  Ifland  an«i  there  aftaultcd  the  lody  Moodye 
in  her  houfe  divers  times,  for  there  were  40  men  gather- 
ed thither  to  defend  it. 

Thefe  indians  at  the  fame  time  fet  upon  the  dutch  with 
an  implacable  fury,  and  killed  all  they  could  come  by, 
and  burnt  theirjioufes  and  killed  their  cattle  without  any 
refiftance.  fo  as  the  Governor  and  fuch  as  efcaped  betook 
themfelves  to  their  fort  at  Monhaton.  and  there  lived  and 
cat  up  their  cattle. 

(4)  There  was  an  aflembly  at  Cambridge  of  all   the  elders 

in  the  country  (about  50  in  all)  fuch  of  the  ruling  ciders 
as  would  were  prefejU  alfo,  but  none  elfc.  They  fet  in 
the  college  and  had  their  diet  there  after  the  manner  cf 
fcholars  commons,  but  fomewhat  better,  yet  fo  ordered 


JOURNAL.  309 

as  it  came  r>ot  to  above  fix  pence  the  meal  for  a  perfon.  l^4» 
Mr.  Cotton  and  Mr.  Hooker  were  chofen  moderators. 
The  principal  occaiion  was  becaufc  fomc  of  the  elders 
went  about  to  fetup  fome  things  undoing  to  the  prelbyte- 
ry,as  of  Nevvbury  &c.  The  affembly  concluded  againft 
fome  parts  of  the  prt-fbyterial  way,  and  the  Newbury  mi- 
nifter*  took  time  to  confider  the  arguments  &c. 

Upon    the  complaint  of  the  englifh    of  Patuxet  near       (7) 
Providence,  who  kad  fubmitted  to   our  jurifdi&ion  and 
the  two  Indian  fachcrti  there  of  the  continual  injuries  of- 
fered thorn  by  Gorton  and  his  company,  the  general  court 
fet-'Ufor  them,  by  letter  only,  not  in  way  of  command,  to 
come  anfwer  the  comulaints,  and  fent  them  letters  of  fafe 
conduft.  but   they  anfweted  our  metfengers  difdainfully, 
refuiVd  to  come,^>ut  fent  two  letters  full   of  blafphemy 
againft  th;",  churc.hes  and  magiftracy,  and  other   provok- 
ing terms,  flighting    all  we   eould    do    againft   them  ;   fo 
that  having  iant  three  times  and  receiving   no   other   an- 
iVv'er,  we  look  tcftiraonies  againft  them    both   of  englifh 
and  indians.  and    determined  to    proceed    with    them   by 
force  :   and  becaufc  they  had  told  our   meflengers  the  laft 
lime,  that  if  we  had  any  thing  to  fav  t<>    h*-m,  if  we  would 
come  to  them  they  would  do   usjufticc  therein,  therefore 
we  wrote  to  them -t"  this  effoft,  viz.  To  the  end  that  our 
juftice  and  moderation  might  appear  to  all  men,  we  would 
condelcend  Ib  far  to    them    as   to  lend  commiffiqner*  to 
hear  their  anfwers  and  allegations,  and  if  thereupon  they 
would    give    us  fuch    fatisfaftiori    as   fhould  be  juft,  we 
would  leave  them  in    peace,  if  otherwife,  we  would  pro- 
ceed by    force   of   arms;     and    fignified  withal    that    we 
would  fend    a  Sufficient    guard    with    our  commiflioners, 
for  feeing  they  would  not  truft  themfelves  with  us  upon 
our  fafe  conducV  we  had  no  reafon  to  truft  oui  felves  with 
them  upon  their  bare  courtefy.  And  accordingly  we  fent 
the  next  week  L  apt.  George  Cook.  Lieut.  Atherton,  and 
Edward    Johnfon  with  corftmiffiori  and  inftru£lions  (the 
inftru6tions  would  here  be  inferted  at  large)    and   with 
them  40  f<j Idlers      They  came  to  Providence, 'and  by  the 
way  received  another  letter  from  Gorton  of  the  like  con- 
tents with  the  former  and    told  them  plainly  they   were 
prepared  for    them  &c.      Being  come  near,   the}'   found 
they  had  put  themfelves  all  into  one   houfe,  which   they 
had  made  mufkct  proof  with    two    flankers.     But  by  ihc 
mediation  of  others   of  providence  they  came  to  parley, 
and  then  offered  to  rsfer  their  caufe   to   arbitrators  ^{al- 

ledg- 


GOVERNOR     WINTRHOP's 

1643.  ledging  that  we  were  parties  and  fo  not  equal  judge*)  fo  as 
fome  pf  them  might  be  of  Providence  er  of  Aquiday,  and 
offer'd  their  cattle  for  fecurity  to  abide  the  order  &c. 
Our  coramiflioners,  thro1  importunity  of  themfelves  and 
others  of  Providence,  were  content  to  fend  to  us  to  know 
our  minds  about  it.  Their  letter  came  to  us,  when  a 
committee  appointed  by  the  gsneral  court,  were  met  a- 
bout  the  tidings  of  Mianton^m»h's  death  ;  fo  calling  into 
us  five  or  fix  of  the  elders  who  were  near  at  hand,  we 
confidered  of  the  motion,  and  agreed  that  it  was  neither 
-ieafonable  nor  reafonable,  neither  fafe  nor  honorable  for 
us  to  accept  of  fuch  a  proportion.  i.  Becaufc  they 
would  never  offer  us  any  terms  of  peace  before  wa  had 
fent  our  foldiers.  2.  Becaule  the  ground  of  it  was  falfc, 
for  we  were  not  partita  in  the  cafe  between  the  indians 
and  them,  but  the  proper  judges,  they  being  all  within 
©ur  jurifdi&ion  by  the  indians  and  englifh  their  own 
grant.  3.  They  were  no  ftate,  but  a  few  fugitives  living 
without  law  or  government, and  fo  not  honorable  for  us  to 
join  with  them  in  fuch  a  courfe.  4.  Tha  parties  whom 
they  would  refer  it  unto  were  fuch  as  were  roje&ed  by 
us,  and  all  the  governments  in  the  country,  and  befides, 
not  men  likely  to  be  equal  to  us,  or  able  to  judge  of  the 
caufe.  5.  Their  blafphemous  and  reviling  writings  &c. 
were  not  matters  fit  to  be  compounded  by  arbitrament, 
but  to  be  purged  away  only  by  repentance  and  public  fat- 
isfa£li®n,  or  elfe  by  public  punifhment. 

And  laftly  the  commiffion  and  inftru&ions  being 
given  them  by  the  general  court,  it  was  not  in  our 
power  to  alter  them  ;  fo  accordingly  we  wrote  to  our 
commiflioners  to  proceed,  which  accordingly  they  did, 
and  approached  the  houfe,  where  they  had  fortified 
themfelves,  with  trenches  fo  near  as  they  might  fire  the 
houfe,  which  they  attempted  two  or  three  times,  but  they 
within  quenched  it.  At  laft  three  of  them  efcaped  out 
and  ran  away,  and  the  reft  yielded  arid  were  brought  to 
Bofton  and  were  committed  to  the  prifon.  It  was  a  fpe- 
cial  providence  of  God  that  neither  any  of  them  nor  of 
ours  were  flain  or  hurt,  tho'  many  fhot  paffed  between 
them,  but  every  man  returned  fafe  and  hale.  See  more 
page 

Here  wa^ts  the  beginning  which  may  be  fupplied  out 
of  the  Records.  64. 

Other  affairs  were  tranfa£l«J  by  the  commiflioners  of 
the  United  Colonies,  as  writing 'letters  to  the  Swedifh 

Gov- 


JOURNAL. 

Governor  in  Delaware  river,  concerning  the  foul  injuries 
offered  by  him  to  Mr.  Lamberton  and  thufe  people  wfiom 
New-Haven  had  planted  there,  and  alfo  to  the  dutch 
Governor  about  the  injuries  his  agent  there  had  alib  of- 
fered and  done  to  them,  as  burning  down  their  trading 
houfe,  joining  with  the  Swedes  again  it  them  &c.  but  this 
was  inicrted  in  the  letter  which  the  general  court  lent 
to  him  in  further  aniwer  of  that  which  he  fent  to  them, 
as  is  expreifed  herebefore  ;  in  which  letter  we  declared 
the  complaints  which  had  been  made  by  our  confederates 
both  of  Hartford  and  New-Haven,  of  their  injurious 
dealings,  as  well  at  Hartford  and  New-Haven  as  at  Del- 
aware :  alfo  our  opinion  of  thejuftica  of  the  caufe  of 
Hartford  in  vefpeft  ef  title  of  the  land  in  queftion  be- 
tween  them,  which  we  could  not  change,  except  we 
might  fee  more  light  than  had  yet  appeared  to  us  by  the 
title  the  dutch  infifted  upon,  nor  might  we  defert  either 
of  our  confederates  in  a  righteous  caufe.  And  we  gave 
alfo  corrimifnon  to  Mr.  Lamberton  to  go  treat  with  the- 
Swedifh  Governor  about  fati&faclion  for  thofe  injuries  and 
damages,  and  to  agree  with  him  about  fettling  their  trade 
and  plantation.  This  Swedifh  Governor  demeaned  him- 
felf  as  if  he  had  neither  chriftian  nor  moral  conference, 
getting  Mr.  Lamberton  into  his  power  by  feigned  'and 
falfe  pretences,  and  keeping  him  prifoner  and  fome  of 
his  men,  labouring  by  premifes  and  threats  to  draw  them 
to  accufe  him  to  have  confpircd  with  the  indians  to  cut 
off  the  Swedes  and  Dutch,  and  not  prevailing  thefe  ways, 
then  by  attempting  to  make  them  drunk,  that  fo  he  might 
draw  lomething  from  them  :  and  in  the  end  (though  ha 
could  gain  no  teftimony)  yet  he  forced  him  to  pay 
weight  of  beaver  before  he  would  fet  him  at  liberty.  He. 
is  alfo  a  man  very  furious  and  paflionate,  curling  and 
fwearing,  and  alfo  reviling  the  englifii  of  N.  Haven  as 
runagates  £c.  and  himfelf  with  his  own  hands  put  irons 
upon  one  of  Mr.  Lamberton's  men,  and  went  alfo  to  the 
houfes  of  thofe  few  families  planted  there,  and  forced 
fome  of  them  to  (wear  allegiance  to  the  crown  of  Swe- 
den,  tho'  he  had  110  colour  of  title  to  that  place,  and  fuch 
as  would  not  he  drave  away  &c.  All  thefe  things  were 
clearly  proved  by  Mr.  Larmberton's  relation,  and  by  other 
teftimony  upon  ©ath,  but  this  was  fent  before  with  com- 
miflion. 

About  this  time  our  Governor  icceived  letters  from 
Philip  Bell,  Efq.  Governor  of  Baibadoes,  complaining  ef 

the 


3i2  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

the  diftrcifted  condition  of  that  ifland  in  regard  of  divert 
forts  of  families  fp.ung  up  ti.ere,  and  their  turbulent 
practices,  which  had  forced  him  to  proceed  againfl  fome 
of  them  by  banifhment,  and  others  of  mear^quality  by 
whipping  ;  and  eameftly  defiring  us  to  fend  them  fome 
godly  minifters  a"nd  other  good  people.  The  Governor 
imparted  the  letter  to  the  court  and  elders  but  none  of 
our  minifters  would  go  thither,  and  the  Governor  re- 
turned anfwer  accordingly. 

(8)  12.  The  New  fachem  of  Naraganfett,  Miantonamoh's  bro- 
ther called  Pefecus.  a  young  man  abou'  20,  fent  a  prefent 
to  our  Governor,  viz.  an  otter  coat  and  girdle  of  \vam- 
pom,  a:;d  fome  other  warnpom.  in  all  worth  about  £\§ 
and  de fired  peace  and  friendfhip  with  us,  and  withal  that 
we  would  not  aid  Onkus  againft  him,  whom  he  intended 
to  make  war  upon  in  revenge  of  his  brother's  death. 
Our  Governor  anfwered  the  meflengers  that  we  were 
willing  to  have  peace  and  friendfhip  with  him,  and  to 
that  end  had  fent  meflengers  to  Canonicus  (whom  it  feem- 
ed  they  met  with  by  the  way)  but  we  def.red  withai  that 
there  might  be  peace  with  all  inoians,  alfo  both  Onkus 
and  others,  and  that  we  had  alfo  fent  to  Ouiamekiri  to 
that  end  ;  therefore  except  their  fachem  woulu  agiee  to 
it,  we  could  not  receive  his  prefent.  They  replied  that 
'  they  had  no  inftruftions  about  that  matter,  but  would  re- 
turn back  and  acquaint  their  fachem  with  it,  and  return 
to  us  again,  and  defired  to  leave  their  preK*m  with  our 
Governor  in  the  mean  time,  which  he  agreed  unto. 
*3  Capt.  Cook  and  his  company  which  were  fent  out  a- 

gainfi:  Gorton  returned  to  Boflpn,  and  the  captives,  being 
nine,  were  brought  to  the  Governor  his  houfe  in  a  mili- 
tary order,  viz.  the  foldiers  being  in  two  files,  and  after 
every  five  or  fix  foldiers  a  prifoner:  fo  being  before  his 
door,  the  ccmmiffioners  came  in,  after  the  Governor  had 
faluted  them  he  went  forth  with  them,  and  palling  thro* 
the  files,  welcomed  them  home,  bleffing  God  for  preferv- 
ing  and  profpering  them,  and  gave  them  all  thanks  for 
their  pains  and  good  carriage,  and  defired  of  the  captain 
a  lift  of  their  names,  that  the  court  Ac.  might  know  them 
if  hereafter  there  fhould  be  occafion  to  make  ufe  of  fuch 
men.  This  good  acceptance  and  commendation  of  their 
fcrvice  gave  many  of  them  more  content  than  their  wages 
(which  yet  was  very  liberal  psr  week  and  they  to 

viftual  themielves.  and  it  is  needful  in  all  fuch  common- 
wealths where  the  ftatc  deftres  to  be  f«rved  by  volunteers) 

Then 


JOURNAL. 

Then  having  conferred  privately  with  the  commiffioners,  1643. 
he  caufed  the  prifoners  to  be  brought  before  him  in  his  ^ 
hall,  where  was  a  great  aflembly,  and  there  laid  before 
them  their  contemptuous  carriage  towards  us,  and  their 
obflinacy  againft  all  the  fair  means  and  moderation  we 
had  ufed  to  reform  them  and  bring  them  to  do  right  to 
thofe  of  ours  whom  they  had  wronged,  and  how  the  Lord 
had  now  juftly  delivered  them  into  our  hands.  They 
pleaded  in  their  excufe  that  they  were  not  of  our  jurif- 
ai&ion,  and  that  though  they  had  now  yielded  thcmtelveft 
to  come  and  anfwer  before  us,  yet  they  yielded  not  as 
prifoners.  The  Governor  replied,  they  were  brought  to 
him  as  taken  in  war,  and  fo  our  commiffioners  had  in- 
formed, but  if  they  could  plead  any  other  quarter 
or  agreement  our  commiffioners  had  made  with  them,  we 
muft  and  would  perform  it  ;  to  which  they  made  no  at>* 
fwer — So  the  Governor  committed  them  to  the  rnarfhali 
to  convey  to  the  common  pfifon,  and  gave  order  they 
flaould  be  well  provided  for  both  for  lodging  and  diet. 
Then  he  went  forth  again  with  the  captain,  and  the  fol- 
diers  gave  him  three  vollies  of  (hot  and  fo  departed  to  the 
inn,  where  the  Governor  had  appointed  fome  refraining 
to  be  provided  for  them  above  their  wages. 

The  next  Lord's  day  in   the    forenoon    the   prifoners 
would  not  come  to  the  meeting,  fo  as  the  magiftrate  de- 
termined  they  fhould  be   compelled.      They   agreed  to 
eonae,  fo  as  they  they  might  have  liberty   after  ferrhon  to 
fpeak  if  they  had  occafion.     The  magiftratcs  anfwer  was, 
that  they  did  leave  the  ordering  of  things  in  the   church 
tb  the  elderSj  but  there  was  no  doubt  but  they  might  have 
leave  to  fpeak  fo  as  they  fpake  the  words  of  truth  and  fo- 
briety.     So  in  the  afternoon  they  came  and  were  placed 
in  the  fourth  feat  right  before  the  elders.     Mr.  Cotton 
(in  his  ordinary  text)  taught  them  out  of  Afts   19.  of  De- 
metrius pleading  for  Diana's  filver  fhrinas  or  temples  &c. 
After  fermon  Gordon  defired  leave  to  fpeak,  which  be- 
ing granted,  he  repeated  the  points   of  Mr.  Cotton's  fer- 
mon, and  coming  to  that  of  the  filver  fhrines,  he  faid  that 
in  the  church  there  was  nothing  now  but  Chrift.  fo  that 
til   our  ordinances,   minifters,  facraments  &c.    were  but 
men's  inventions  for  {hew  and  pomp  and  no  other  than 
thofe  (liver  fhrines  of  Diana.     He  faid  alfo  that  if  Chrift 
lived  eternally,  then  he  died  eternally  ;  and  it  appeared 
both  by  his  letters  and   examinations   that    he    held   that 
Chrift  was  incarnate  in  Adam,  and  ihat  he  was  that  im- 
R  r  age 


314  GOVERNOR     W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1^43-  a£c  of  God  wherein  Adam  was  created,  and  that  the  chief 
^- — v*-— >  vvoik  and  mei  it  v  as  in  that  his  incarnation  in  that  he  be- 
came inch  a  thing,  fo  mean  &c.  and  that  his  being 
boi  n  after  of  the  Virgin  Mary  and  fuffering  &c.  was 
but  a  manifeftation  of  his  fufferings  &c.  in  Adam. 
Likewiie  in  his  letters  he  condemned  and  reviled  magif- 
tracv  calling  it  an  idol,  alledging  that  a  man  might  as 
well  be  a  flave  to  his  belly  as  to  his  own  ipecies  :  yet  be- 
ing examined  he  would  acknowledge  magiftracy  to  be  an 
Oidinance  of  God  in  the  world  as  marriage  was,  viz.  noi 
other  mngiftracy  but  what  was  natural,  as  the  father  over 
his  wife  and  chidren,  and  an  hereditary  prince  over  his 
fubjefts. 

When  the  general  couit  was  aflembled,  Gorton  and  his 
company  were  brought  forth  upon  the  le&ure  day  at  Bof- 
ton.  and  there  before  a  great  aflembly,  the  Governor  de- 
clared the  caufe  and  manner  of  our  proceeding  againfl 
them,  and  their  letters  were  openly  read,  and  all  objec- 
tions aniwered.  As  i.  That  they  were  not  within  our 
jurifdiclion.  To  this  was  anfwered.  i.  That  they  were 
either  within  Plimouth  or  Mr.  Fenwick,  and  they  had 
yielded  their  power  to  us  in  this  caufe.  2.  If  they  were 
under  no  jurifdi&ion  then  had  we  none  to  complain  unto 
for  redrels  of  our  injuries,  and  then  we  muft  either  right 
ourfelves  and  our  fubjcfts  by  force  of  arms,  or  elie  we 
mufl  let  ftill  under  all  their  reproaches  and  injuries,among 
\vhich  they  had  this  infolent  pafTage.— •"  We  do  more 
"  difdain  that  you  fliould  fend  for  us  to  come  to  you, 
*•  than  you  could  do  if  we  fhould  fend  for  the  chiefeft  a- 
*'  mong  you  to  come  up  to  us  and  be  employed  according 
*4  to  our  pleafure  in  fuch  works  as  we  fhould  appoint 
**  you." 

As  for  their  opinions  we  did  not  meddle  with  them  for 
thofe,  oiherwife  than  they  had  given  us  occafion  by  their 
letters  to  us,  and  by  their  free  and  open  publifhing  them 
amongft  us,  for  we  wrote  to  them  only  about  civil  con- 
troveifies  between  them  and  our  people,  and  gave  them 
no  occafton  to  vent  their  blafphemings  and  revilings  &c. 
And  for  their  title  to  the  indians  land,  we  had  divers  times 
dciired  them  to  make  it  appear,  but  they  always  refufed, 
even  to  our  commiffioners  whom  we  fent  laft  to  them,  and 
fince  they  were  in  prifon  we  offered  to  fend  for  any  wit- 
neffes  they  would  defire,but  ftill  they  refufed,  fo  that  our 
title  appearing  good,  and  we  having  now  regained  our 
poffeffion,  we  need  not  que'ftion  them  any  more  about 
that.  Their  letters  being  read,  they  were  demanded  fev* 


JOURNAL.'  315 

erally  if  they  would  maintain  ihofe  things  which  were 
contained  therein.  They  anfwered  they  would  in  that 
fenfe  wherein  they  wrote  them. 

After  this  they  were  brought  before  the  court  feverally 
to  be  examined  (divers  of  the  elders  being  de fired  to  be 
prefent)  and  becaufe  they  had  faid  they  could  give  a  good 
interpretation  of  all  they  had  written,  they  were  exam- 
ined upon  the  particular  paffages,  but  the  interpretation 
they  gave  being  contradictory  to  their  expreffions,  they 
were  demanded  then  if  they  would  retraft  thoie  expref- 
fions,  but  that  they  refufed,  and  faid  Mill  that  they  ihould 
then  deny  the  truth.  For  inilance  in  one  or  two  ;  their 
letters  were  directed  one  to  their  neighbours  of  the  Maf- 
fachufetts,  and  the  other  of  them  to  t'ae  great  honored 
idol  gentleman  of  the  Maffachufetts,  and  by  a  mefleng:r 
of  their  own  delivered  to  our  Governor,  and  many  pai- 
fages  in  both  letters  particularly  applied  to  our  courts, 
our  magistrates,  our  elders  &c.  yet  in  their  examinations 
about  their  reproachful  paiTages,  they  anfwered,  that  they 
meant  them  of  the  corrupt  eflate  of  mankind  iri  general 
and  not  of  us  &c.  So  whereas  in  their  letters  they  im- 
pute it  to  us  as  an  error,  that  we  teach  that  Chrift  died 
actually  only  when  he  fuffered  under  Pontius  Pilate,  and 
before  only  in  types  :  upon  their  examination  they  fay 
that  their  meaning  was,  that  his  death  was  actual  to  the 
faith  of  the  fathers  under  the  law,  which  is  irf  effect  no 
other  than  we  hold,  yet  they  account  it  an  error  in  us, 
and  would  not  retra£t  that  charge.  One  of  the  elders 
had  been  in  the  prifon  with  them,  and  hid  conferred 
with  them  about  their  opinions,  and  they  expreiTed  iheir 
agreement  with  him  in  every  point,  fo  as  he  intended  to 
rnovc  for  favor  for  them,  but  when  he  heard  their  anfwer- 
upon  their  examination,  he  found  how  he  had  been  de- 
luded by  them,  for  th«y  excel  the  jefuits  in  the  aft  of 
equivocation,  and  regard  not  how  falfe  they  fpeak  to  all 
othar  men's  apprehenGons,  fo  they  keep  to  the  rules  of 
their  own  meaning.  Gorton  maintained  that  the  image 
of  God  wherein  Adam  was  created  was  Chrifl,  and  fo 
the  lofs  of  that  image  was  the  death  of  Chrift.  and  the 
restoring  of  it  in  generation  was  ChrilVsrefurreciion,  and 
fo  the  death  of  him  that  was  born  of  the  Virgin  Mary 
was  but  a  manifeflation  of  the  former.  In  their  letleis 
&c.  they  condemned  all  ordinances  in  the  shurch,  call- 
ing baptifm  an  abomination,  and  the  Lord's  fupper  the 
juice  ef  a  poor  filly  grape  turned  into  tha  blood  of  C.'b;ifl 

bv 


gi6  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1643.  by  the  {kill  of  our  magicians  &c.  yet  upon  examination 
they  would  fay  they  did  allow  them  to  be  the  ordinances 
ofChrift;  but  their  meaning  was  that  they  were  to  con- 
tinue no  longer  than  the  infancy  of  the  church  iafted 
(and  but  to  novices  then)  for  after  the  revelation  was 
written  they  were  to  ceafe,  for  there,  is  no  mention  of 
them,  fay  they,  in  that  book. 

They  were  all  illiterate  men,  the  ableft  of  them  could 
not  write  true  englifh,  no  not  common  words,  yet  they 
would  take  upon  them  the  interpretation  of  the  mod 
difficult  places  of  fcripture,  and  wreft  them  any  way  to 
ferve  their  own  turns  :  as  to  give  one  inflance  for  many. 
Mr.  Cotton  prefling  them  with  that  in  Afts  10.  "  Who 
pan  forbid  water  why  thefe  {hould  not  be  baptized — fo 
he  commanded  them  to  be  baptized"  they  interpret  thus. 
Who  can  deny  but  thefc  have  been  baptized,  feeing  they 
have  received  the  Holy  Ghoft  &c.  fo  he  allowed  them  to 
have  been  baptized.  This  fhift  they  were  put  to  that 
they  might  maintain  their  former  opinion,  That  fuch  as 
have  been  baptised  with  the  Holy  Ghoft  need  not  the 
outward  baptifm. 

The  court  and  the  elders  fpent  near  a  whole  day  in 
difcovery  of  Gorton's  deep  myfteries  which  he  hadboaft- 
ed  of  in  his  letters,  and  to  bring  him  to  convi&ion,  but 
all  was  in  vain.  Much  pains  was  alfo  taken  with  the 
reft,  bu\  to  as  little  effeft.  They  would  accknowledg* 
no  error  or  fault  in  their  writings,  and  yet  would  feem 
fometimes  to  confent  with  us  in  the  truth. 

After  all  thefe  examinations  the  court  began  to  confult 
about  their  fentence.  The  judgment  of  the  elders  alfo 
had  been  demanded  about  their  blafpemous  fpeechcs  and 
opinions,  what  punifhment  was  due  by  the  word  of  God. 
Their  anfwer  was  firft  in  writing,  that  if  they  fhould 
maintain  them  as  exprefled  in  their  writings,  their  offence 
deferved  death  by  the  law  of  God.  The  fame  fome  of 
them  declared  after  in  open  court.  But  before  the  court 
would  proceed  to  determine  of  their  fentence,  they  a- 
greed  firft  upon  their  charge,  and  then  calling  them  all 
publickly  they  declared  to  them  what  they  had  to  charge 
them  with  out  of  their  letter  and  fpeeches.  Their  charge 
was  this,  viz.  They  were  charged  to  be  blafphemous  ene- 
mies of  the  true  religion  of  our  Lord  Jefus  Chrift,  and  of 
all  his  holy  ordinances,  and  iikewife  of  all  civil  govern- 
ment among  his  people,  and  particularly  within  this  ju- 
rifdiftion.  Then  they  were  demanded  wh«ther  they  did 


ac- 


JOURNAL.  317 

acknowledge  this  charge  to  be  juft,  and  did  fubmit  to  it, 
or  what  exceptions  they  had  againft  it.  They  anfwered 
they  did  notacknawledge  it  to  be  juft,  but  they  took  no 
particular  exceptions  to  it,  but  fell  into  fome  cavilling 
fpeeches,  fo  they  were  returned  to  prifon  again.  Being 
in  prifon  they  behaved  infolently  towards  their  keeper, 
and  fpake  evil  of  the  magiftrates— Whereupon  forne  of 
the  rnagiftrates  were  very  earned  to  have  irons  prefently 
put  upon  them.  Others  thought  it  better  to  forbear  all 
fuch  fcverity  'till  their  fentenco  were  pafled.  This  latter 
opinion  prevailed,  After  divers  means  had  been  ufed 
both  in  public  and  private  to  reclaim  them,  and  all  prov- 
ing fruitlefs,  the  court  proceeded  to  confider  of  their  fcn- 
tence  :  in  which  the  court  was  much  divided.  All  the 
magiftrates,  lave  three,  were  of  opinion  that  Gorton 
ought  to  die,  but  the  greatefl  number  of  the  deputies  dif- 
fenting,  thai  vote  did  not  pafs.  In  the  end  all  agreed 
upon  this  fentence — for  feven  of  them,  viz.  that  they 
fhould  be  difpei  fed  into  feven  feveral  towns,  and  there 
kept  to  work  for  their  living,  and  wear  irons  upon  one 
leg,  and  not  to  depart  the  limits  of  the  town,  nor  by  word 
or  writing  maintain  any  of  their  blafphemous  or  wicked 
errors  upon  pain  of  death,  only  the  exception  for  fpeech 
with  any  of  the  elders,  or  any  other  licenfed  by  any  mag- 
iftrate  to  confer  with  them  ;  this  cenfure  to  continue 
during  the  pleafure  of  the  court.  There  were  three 
more  taken  in  the  houfe  with  them,  but  becaufe  they  had 
not  their  hands  to  the  letters  they  were  difmiffed,  two  of 
them  upon  a  fmall  ranfom,  as  captives  taken  in  war,  and 
the  third  freely,  for  that  he  was  but  in  his  mailer's  houfe 
&c.  A  fourth  being  found  to  be  an  ignorant  young  man 
was  only  enjoined  to  abide  in  \Vatertown  upon  pain  of 
the  court's  difpleafure  only. 

About  a  week  after  we  fent  men  to  fetch  fo  many  of 
their  cattle  as  might  defray  our  charges,  both  of  the  fol- 
diers  and  of  the  court,  which  fpent  many  days  about 
them,  and  for  their  expences  in  prifon.  It  came  to  in  all 
about^i6o.  There  were  three  who  efcaped  out  of  the 
houfe  ;  thefe  being  fent  for  to  come  in,  two  of  them  did 
fo,  and  one  of  them,  becaufe  his  hand  was  not  to  the  let- 
ters,  was  freely  difcharged,*the  other  was  fent  home  upon 
his  own  bond  to  appear  at  the  next  court  (only  fome  of 
his  cattle  were  taken  towards  the  charges)  There  was  a 
fourth  who  had  his  hand  to  the  firft  letter,  but  he  died 
before  our  ibldicrs  went,  and  we  left  hi$  whole  eftate  to 

hie 


GOVERNOR     WINTRHOP's 

his  wife  and  children.  Their  arms  were  all  taken  from 
them,  and  of  their  guns,  the  court  gave  one  fowling  piece 
to  Pumham  and  another  to  Saconoco,  and  liberty  grant- 
ed them  to  have  powder  as  being  now  within  our  jurif- 
diftion. 

The  Lord  Bartemore  being  owner  of  much  land  near 
Virginia,  being  himfelf  a  papift,  and  his  brother  Mr. 
Calcourt  the  governor  there  a  papifl  alfo,  but  the  cblony 
confided  both  of  proteftants  and  paoifts  :  he  wrote  a  let- 
ter to  Capt.  Gibbons  of  Bofton,  and  fent  him  a  commif- 
fion,  wherein  he  made  tender  of  land  in  Maryland  to  any 
of  ours  that  would  tranfport  themfelves  thither,  with 
free  liberty  of  religion,  and  all  other  privileges  which 
the  place  afforded,  paying  fuch  annual  rent  as  (hould  be 
agreed  upon  ;  but  our  Captain  had  no  mind  to  further 
his  defire  herein,  ror  had  any  of  our  people  temptation 
that  way. 

v5)  13»         One  Capt.  Jo.  Chaddock  fon  of  him  that  was  Govern- 
or of  Bermuda,  a   godly  gentleman,  but   late   removing 
from  them  with  his  family  and  about  10©  more  to  Trini- 
dado  where  himfelf  and  wife    and  mod  of  his  company 
died  ;  arrived  here  in  a  man  of  war  of  about  100  tons,  fet 
forth  by  the   Earl  of  Warwick.     He  came   hither   for 
planters  for  Trinidado    (Mr.  Humphry  having  told  the 
Earl  that  he  might  be  fupplied  from  hence)  but  here  was 
not  any  that  would  enter  upon  that  voyage  &c.     So  La 
Tour  having  a  pinnace  here  at  the  fame  .  time,  they  hired 
Capt.  Chaddock   for  two   months   at  £"200  the  month, 
partly  to  convey  the  pinnace  home  from   the   danger  of 
D'Aulnay  his  veffels,  and  partly  for  other  fervice  again  (I 
Df Aulnay  there,  but  when  they  came  they  found  D'Aul- 
nay  gone  into  France  and  a  new  fort  raifed  at  Port  Roy- 
al, and  a  pinnace  ready  to  go  forth  to  trade,  fo  they  kept 
her  in  fo  long  'till  the  feafon  was  over  and  his  two  months 
out,  and  then   he   returned   to  Bofton.     When  he  was 
come  in  near  the  town  his  men  going  up  upon   the  main 
yard  to  hand  in  the  fail,  the  main  tie  brake,  and  the  yard 
falling  down  {hook  off  five  men  into  the  fea,  and  tho'   it 
were  calm  and  fmooth  water,  yet  not  having  their    boat 
out  three  of  them  were  drowned.     One  of  thefe  had  taken 
fome  things  out  of  the  defei  ted  caftle  as   they    went  out. 
Notwithftanding  this   fad  accident,  yet  fo   foon  as   they 
came  on  {hore  they  fell  to  drinking  &c.  and  that  evening 
the  captain  and   his  mafter  being    at   fupper,  and  having 
drank  too  much,  the  captain  began  to  fpeak  evil  of  the 

coun- 


J    O    U     R    N    A    L.  3>9 

country,  fwearing  fearfully,  that  we  were  a  bafe  heathen  1643. 
people.  His  matter  anfwered  that  he  had  no  reafon  to 
fay  fo,  for  it  was  the  beft  place  that  ever  he  came  in. 
Upon  thefe  and  other  fpeeches  the  Capt.  arofe  and  drew 
his  {word,  and  the  mafter  drew  forth  his  piftol,  but  the 
company  flaying  them  from  doing  any  milchief,  the  Cap- 
tain iware  blood  and  wounds  he  would  kill  him.  For 
this  they  were  brought  before  the  court,  and  the  Captain 
fined  £20  and  committed  to  the  marfhall  'till  he  gave  fe- 
curity  for  it.  The  mafter  for  that  he  was  in  drink,  as  he 
ifcgenioutty  acknowledged  &c.  was  fined  only  io/.  but 
was  let  at  liberty  from  the  captain,  who  had  formerly 
mifufed  other  of  his  men,  and  was  a  very  proud  and  in- 
temperate man.  But  becaufe  the  fhip  was  the  Earl 
of  Warwick's  who  had  always  been  forward  to  do  good 
to  our  colony,  we  wrote  to  him  that  the  fine  fhould  be 
referved  to  be  at  his  lordfhip's  difpofing  when  ha 
fhould  pleafe  to  command  or  call  for  it.  See  the  next 


By  order  of  the  general  court  all  ths  magiflrates  and  (10) 
the  teaching  elders  of  the  fix  nearefl  churches  were  ap- 
pointed to  be  forever  governois  of  the  college,  and  this 
day  they  met  at  Cambridge  and  conftdered  of  the  officers 
of  the  college,  and  chofe  a  tre..furer,  H,  Pelham  Efq.  be- 
ing the  firft  in  that  office. 

This  day  five  Giips  fet  fail  from  Boflon  ;  three  of  them 
were  built  here,  two  of  300  tons  and  the  other  of  160. 
One  of  them  was  bound  for  London  with  many  paiTen- 
pers,  men  of  chief  rank  in  the  country,  and  great  flore  of, 
beaver.  Their  adventure  was  very  great,  confidering 
the  doubtful  cftate  of  the  affairs  of  England,  but  many 
prayers  of  the  churches  went  with  them  and  followed 
after  them. 

Capt.  Chaddock  having  brought  from  the  French  a  (n) 
pinnace  of  about  30  tons  (which  La  Tour  fold  him  for 
and  was  the  fame  which  was  taken  before  from 
D'Aulnay)he  had  manned  and  fitted  her  to  go  in  her  to 
Trinidado,  and  riding  before  Boflon  ready  to  depart,  and 
eight  men  aboard  her,  one  flriking  fire  with  a  piflol,  two 
barrels  of  powder  took  fire  and  blew  her  up  ;  five  of  the 
men  being  in  the  cabbin  were  deftroyed,  and  the  other 
three  being  in  the  other  part  were  much  fcorched  and 
hurt,  but  got  into  their  boat  and  were  faved.  The  cap- 
tain himfelf  was  then  on  fhore  at  Boflon.  It  is  obferva- 
ble  that  thcfe  men  making  no  ufe  of  the  fudden  lofs  of 

three 


o  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

6143.  three  of  their  company,  but  falling  to  drinking  &c.  that 
.  .I.  v.  .J  very  - vcning  this  judgment  came  thus  upon  them.  It  is 
alfo  to  be  obferved  that  two  veffels  have  thus  been  blown 
up  in  our  harbour,  and  both  belonging  to  fuch  as  defpif- 
ed  us  and  the  ordinance  of  God  amongft  us.  See  more 
page 

About  this  time  Capt.  Daniel  Patrick  was  killed  at 
Stamford  by  a  dutchman  who  fhot  him  dead  with  a  pif- 
tol.  This  captain  was  entertained  by  us  out  of  Holland 
(where  he  was  a  common  foldier  of  the  Prince's  ^uard) 
to  excrcife  our  men.  We  made  him  a  captain, and  main- 
tained him.  After,  he  was  admitted  a  member  of  the 
church  of  Watertown  and  a  freeman  ;  but  he  grew  very 
proud  and  vicious,  for  though  he  had  a  wife  of  his  own 
a  good  dutchwoman  and  comely,  yet  he  defpifed  her  and 
followed  after  other  women,  and  perceiving  that  he  was 
difcovered,  and  that  fuch  evil  courfes  would  not  be  en- 
dured here,  and  being  withal  of  a  vain  and  unfettled  dif- 
poiition,  he  went  from  us,  and  fat  within  twenty  miles  of 
the  dutch,  and  put  himfelf  under  their  protection,  and 
joined  to  their  church,  without  being  difmiffed  from 
Watertown  :  but  when  the  Indians  arofe  in  thofe  parts 
he  fled  to  Stamferd  and  there  was  Gain.  The  dutchman 
who  killed  him  was  apprehended  but  made  an  efcapc  ; 
and  this  was  the  firfl  of  his  wicked  courfc  and  breach  of 
covenant  with  his  wife,  with  the  church,  and  with  that 
ftate  who  had  called  him  and  maintaiaetl  him,  and  he 
found  his  death  from  that  hand  where  he  fought  protec- 
tion. It  is  obfervable  that  he  was  killed  upon  the  Lord's 
day  in  the  time  of  afternoon  cxercife  (for  ha  feldom  went 
to  the  public  affemblies)  It  was  in  Capt.  Underbill's 
houfe  the  dutchman  had  charged  him  with  treachery  for 
caufing  120  men  to  come  to  him  upon  his  promife  to  di- 
rect them  to  the  indians  &c.  but  deluded  them.  Where- 
upon the  captain  gave  him  ill  language  and  fpit  in  his 
face,  and  turning  to  go  out,  the  dutchman  fhot  him  be- 
hind in  the  head,  fo  he  fell  down  dead  and  never  ipake. 
The  murderer  efcaped  out  of  cuftody. 

(10)  3.  The  Hopewell  a  fhip  of  Bofton  about  60  tons  arrived  ; 
the  freight  was  wines,  pitch,  fugar,  ginger  &c.  She  had 
her  lading  at  Palma  an  ifland  near  Teneriffe.  The  Spani- 
ards ufed  our  people  courteoufly,  but  put  them  to  give  fe- 
eurity  to  Tome  englifh  merchants  refiding  there  to  dif- 
eharge  their  cargoes  at  Bofton,  for  they  would  not  have 
the  Portugalsof  the  to  have  any  goods  from  them. 

She 


j    Q    U    R    N    A    L. 

She  performed  her  voyage  in   four  months.     She  went  a      1643. 
fecond  voyage  thither  foon  after,  but  was  never  heard  of, 
her  lading  was  corn  in  bulk. 

At  this  time  came  over  Thomas  Morton  our  profefied 
old  adverfary,  who  had  let  forth  a  book  again  ft  Us,  and 
written  reproachful  and-menacing  letters  to  fome  of  us. 

Some  of  Watertown  began  a  plantation  at  Martin's 
vineyard  beyond  Cape  Cod,  and  divers  families  £oing  thi- 
ther, they  procured  a  young  man  one  Mr.  Green  a  icho- 
lar  to  be  their  minifter,  in  hopes  foon  to  gather  a  church 
there.  He  went  not. 

Others  of  the  fame  town  began  alfo  a  plantation  at 
Nafhaway  fome  15  miles  N.W.  from  Sudbury. 

About  midnight  three  men  coming  in  a  boat  to  Bofton  (11) 
faw  two  lights  ai'ife  out  of  the  water  near  the  north  point 
cf  the  town  cove,  in  form  like  a  man,  and  went  at.  a  fmall 
diftance  to  the  town,  and  fo  to  the  fouth  point,  and  there 
Vanished  away.  They  faw  them  about  |  of  an  hour,  be- 
ing between  the  town  and  the  Governor's  garden.  The 
like  was  feen  by  many,  a  week  after,  arifing  about  Caftle 
Ifland  and  in  1-5  of  an  hour  came  to  Jo.  Gallop's  point. 

The  country  being  weary  of  the  charge  of  maintaining 
Caftle  Ifland,  the  laft  general  Court  made  an  order  to 
have  it  deferted  and  the  ordonance  fetched  away;  but 
Bofton  and  other  towns  in  the  bay  finding  that  thereupon 
the  mafters  of  lome  fhips  which  came  from  England  took 
occafion  to  flight  us  and  to  offer  injury  to  our  people, 
having  liberty  to  ride  and  go  out  under  no  command,  and 
conlidering  alfo  how  eafily  any  of  our  towns  in  the  bay 
might  be  furprized,  we  having  no  ftrength  without  to  flop 
them  or  to  give  notice  of  an  enemy  ;  they  chofe  certain 
men  out  of  the  feveral  towns  who  met  at  Bofton  to  con- 
fider  of  fome  cou i  fe  of  repairing  and  maintaining  it  at 
their  proper  charge  :  but  the  difficulty  was,  how  to  do  it 
without  offence  to  the  general  court  who  had  ordered  the 
deferting  of  it  &c. 

The  i8th  of  this  month  two  lights  were  feen  near  Bof- 
ton (as  is  before  mentioned)  and  a  week  after  the  Iik4 
was  feen  again.  A  light  like  the  moon  arofe  about  the 
N.E.  point  in  Bofton  and  met  the  former  at  Mottles  If- 
lancf,  and  there  they  clofed  in  one  and  then  parted,  and 
clofed  and  parted  divers  times,  and  fo  went  over  the  hill 
in  the  ifland  and  vanifhed.  Sometimes  they  fhot  out 
flames  and  fometimes  fparkles.  This  was  about  8  of  the 
clock  in  the  evening,  and  was  feen  by  many.  About  the 

S  s  fame 


32t  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1643.  fame  time  a  voice  was  heard  upon  the  water  bet  ween  Bof» 
v— — v— — '  ton  and  Dorcliefter,  calling  out  in  a  moft  dreadful  man- 
ner, boy,  boy>  come  away^  come  away  :  and  it  fuddenly  ftiift- 
ed  from  one  place  to  another  a  great  diftance  about  twen- 
ty times.  It  was  heard  by  divers  godly  perfons.  About 
14  days  after,  the  fame  voice  in  the  fame  dreadful  man- 
ner was  heard  by  others  on  the  other  fide  of  the  town 
toward  Nottles  Ifland. 

Thefe  proceedings  having  fome  reference  to  the  place 
where  Capt.  Chaddock's  pinnace  was  blown  up  a  little 
before  gave  occafion  of  fpeech  of  that  man  who  was  the 
caufe  of  it,  who  profefled  himfelf  to  have  {kill  in  necro- 
mancy, and  to  have  done  fome  ftrange  things  in  his  way 
from  Virginia  hither,  and  was  fufpecled  to  have  murder- 
ed his  mafter  there,  but  the  magiftrates  here  had  ho  no- 
tice of  him 'till  after  he  was  blown  up.  This  is  to  be 
obferved  that  his  fellows  were  all  found,  and  others  who 
were  blown  up  in  the  former  fhip  were  alfo  found,  and 
others  alfo  who  have  mifcarried  by  drowning  &c.  have 
ufually  been  found,  but  this  man  was  never  found. 
(12)  5.  Cuifhamekin  and  Aga warn,  and  Jofias,  Chickalabot  his 
heir  carne  to  the  Governor,  and  in  their  own  name  and 
the  names  of  all  the  fachems  of  Watchamfett,  and  all  the 
Indians  from  Merrimack  to  Tefticutt  tender'd  themfelves 
to  our  government,  and  gave  the  Governor  a  prefent  of 
30  fathom  of  wampom,  and  offered  to  come  to  the  next 
court  to  make  their  acknowledgment  &c.  The  Govern- 
or received  their  prefent  to  keep  it  'till  th«  court  &c.  and 
if  the  court  and  they  did  agree,  then  to  accept  it.  We: 
now  began  to  conceive  hop*  that  the  Lord's  time  was  at 
hand  for  opening  a  door  of  light  and  grace  to  thofe  in- 
dians,  and  fome  fruit  appeared  of  our  kind  dealing  with 
Pumham  and  Sacoconoco,  protecting  them  againft  the 
Naraganfett,  and  righting  them  againft  Gorton  &c.  who 
had  taken  away  their  land  :  for  this  example  gave  encou- 
ragement to  all  thefe  indians  to  come  in  and  fubmit  to 
our  government,  in  expectation  of  the  like  protection  and 
*  benefit, 

16  Pefacus  the  Naraganfett  fachem  fent  again  a  meffage  to 
the  Governor  with  another  prefent  by  Wafhofe  a  fachem 
who  came  before,  and  his  errand  was,  that  feeing  they, 
at  our  requeft,  had  fitten  fiill  this  year,  that  now.  this  next 
year  we  would  grant  their  r^jueft,  and  fuffer  them  to 
fight  with  Onkus,  with  many  arguments.  The  Governor 
refufed  his  prefent,  and  told  him  that  if  they  fent  us  1000 

fath- 


JOURNAL.  323 

fathom  of  wampom  ind  1000  (kins,  yet  we  would  not  do      1643. 
that  which  we  judged  to  be  unjuft,  viz.  to   defert  Onkus,   v~^— / 
but  our  resolution  was,  and  that  they  muft  reft  upon,  that 
if  they  made  war  upon  Onkus,  the  englifh  would  all  fall 
upon  them. 

The  Trial  (the  firft  fhip  built   in  Bofton)  being  about     (0  23» 
160  tons,  Mr. 'Thomas  Graves   an  able  and  a  godly  man 
mailer  of  her,  was  fent  to  Bilboa  in  the  4th  month  laft, 
with  fifh,   which  fhe  fold  there  at  a  good  rate,  and   from 
thence  fhe  freighted  to  Malaga,  and  arrived  here  this  day 
laden  with  wine,  fruit,  oil,  iron  and  wool,  which   was  a 
great  advantage  to  the  country,   and  gave  encouragement 
to  trade.     So  foon  as  fhe  was  fitted  fhe  ,was  fet   forth   a- 
gain  to  trade  with  La  Tour,  and  fo  along  the  eaftern  coafl      \3/ 
towards   Canada. 

One  Mr.  Rigby  a  lawyer  and  a  parliament  man, 
wealthv  and  religious,  -had  purchafed  the  Plough  Patent 
lying  at  Sagadahock,  and  had  given  commiftion  to  one 
Mr.  Cleaves  as  his  deputy,  to  govern  the  people  there  &c. 
He  landing  at  Bofton  and  knowing  how  diflafteful  this 
would  be  to  the  Governor  of  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges'  pro- 
vince of  New  Somerfetfhire,  who  challenged  jurifdicHoh 
in  a  great  part  of  Ligonia  or  the  plough  patent,  petition- 
ed the  general  court  to  write  to  them  on  his  behalf  but 
the  court  thought  not  fit  fo  to  do,  but  rather  that  the  Gov- 
ernor fhould  write  in  his  own  name  only,  which  he  did 
accordingly.  But  when  Mr.  Cleaves  came  to  fet  his 
commiffion  on  foot,  and  called  a  court  at  Cafco.  Mr. 
Richard  Vines  and  other  of  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges'  com- 
rniflioners  oppofed,&  called  another  court  at  Saco  the  fame 
time  :  whereupon  th«  inhabitants  were  divided  ;  thofe  of 
Cafco  &c.  wrote  to  Mr.  Vines  that  they  would  ftand  to 
the  judgment  of  the  magiftrates  of  the  Bay 'till  it  were 
decided  in  England,  to  which  government  they  fhould 
belong,  and  fent  this  letter  by  one  Tunker.  Mr.  Vines 
imprifoned  him,  and  the  next  day  took  his  bond  for  his 
appearance  at  Saco  and  his  good  behaviour.  Upon  this 
Mr.  Cleaves  and  the  reft,  about  thirty  perfons,  wrote  to 
our  Governor  for  aili fiance  againft  iyir.  Vines,  and  tend- 
«red  themfelves  to  the  confociation  of  the  United  Colo- 
nies ;  and  befide,  they  had  an  order  not  to  receive  any 
but  fuch  as  were  in  a  church  way  &c. 

Not  long  after,  viz.  (2)  24.  Mr.  Vines  cams  to  Bofbon 
with  a  letter  from  himfelf  arid  the  other  of  Sir  F.  Gorges' 

com- 


334  GOVERNOR    WINTHR.OP's 

1643.      commiffioncrs  and  ofher  inhabitants- of  the  province,  be- 
^^— ^y-  mj  twecn  20  and  30. 

Three  fifhermen  of  a  boat  belonging  to  Ifle  of  Shoals 
were  very  profane  men,  and  fcorners  of  religion,  and 
were  di  inking  all  the  Lord's  day,  and  the  next  <Veek  their 
boat  was  caft  upon  the  rocks  at  the  Ifle  of  Shoals,  and 
they  drowned. 

There  was  little  rain  this  winter,  and  no  fnow  'till  the 
3d  of.  the  ift  month,  the  wind  cor  tinning  W.  and  N.W. 
near  fix  weeks,  which  was  an  occafion  that  very  many 
hoult  s  were  burned  down,  and  many  cattle  (in  fome  of 
them)  to  a  greater  value  than  in  14  years  before, 
(j)  7.  Bofton,Charleftown,  Roxbury,  Dorchefter,  Cambridge 
arid  Wafertown  conceiving  that  the  want  of  fortification 
at  Caftle  Ifland  would  le^ve  them  open  to  an  enemy,  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  contider  how  it  might  be  fortified, 
and  coming  to  fome  conclufion  about  it,  they  advifed 
with  the  Governor  and  fome  other  of  the  magiftrates  who 
encouraged  them  in  it,  as  the  elders  alfo  did  in  their  fer- 
mons,  but  becaufe  the  general  court  had  given  order  for 
fetching  off  the  ordonance  &c.  it  was  thought  fit  not  to 
attempt  anything  without  the  advice  of  the  fame.  It 
fell  out  alfo  that  five  of  the  neighbouring  indian  fachems 
came  at  the  fame  time  to  the  Governor  with  a  prefent  of 
wampom  about  30  fathom,  worth  fome/'8  and  defired  to 
come  under  our  government  as  Pumham  and  Sacononoco 
had  done.  For  thefe  two  occalions  the  Governor  fum- 
moned  a  general  court  to  be  held  at  Bofton  this  day  (the 
court  of  afliftants  being  to  begin  the  5th  dav  before) 
where  the  committees  of  the  faid  fix  towns  exhibited  a  pe- 
tition for  fortifying  of  the  faid  ifland,  craving  help  alfo 
from  the  country,  tho*  they  had  agreed  to  do  it  at  their 
own  charge  rather  than  fail.  The  court  refufing  to  un- 
dertake it,  they  gave  in  certain  propofitions  whereby 
they  craved  fome  aid.  at  leaft,  for  maintaining  of  the  gar- 
rifon,  and  fome  privileges  and  immunities.  Thefe  com- 
ing to  be  debated  in  the  court,  fame  oppofition  there  was, 
which  had  almoft  difcouraged  the  committee.  The  ar- 
guments brought  againft  it  were  chiefly  thefe.  i.  The 
great  charge.  2.  The  little  help  it  could  afford  againft  a 
ftrong  enemy.  3.  The  opportunitv  left  of  another  paf- 
fage  by  Bird  Ifland.  But  thefe  objections  were  fo  far  re- 
moved, as  after  much  debate,  tfie  court  voted  for  the  for- 
fortification,  and  granted  £^100  pay  for  the  maintenance 
pf  it?  when  it  fliould  be  in  defence  and  a  garrifon  of  20 

men 


J    O    U     R     N     A    L.  3' 5 

men  re  ft  ding  there  ;  and  £  §Q  towards  the  fecuring  the  1643, 
other  paffage.  And  a  committee  was  appointed  to  draw 
up  a-commiflion  for  him  who  {hojld  have  command  in 
chief  &c.  But  this  allowance  was  yielded  rather  out  of 
a  willingnefs  to  gratify  thefe  fix  towns  (being  near  one 
half  of  the  commonwealth  for  number  of  people  and  fub- 
ftance)  and  to  keep  living  correfpondency  among  all  the 
towns,  rather  than  out  of  any  confidence  of  fafety  by  it. 
Many  alfo  of  good  judgment  did  conceive  that  the  forti- 
fications would  not  be  accomplifhed  according  to  the  di- 
menfions  propounded,  nor  fo  great  agarrifon  maintained, 
for  the  people  were  known  generally  to  be  more  willing 
and  forward  in  fuch  public  engagements,  than  able,  up- 
on trial,  to  perform  them:  for  in  fuch  cafes,  the  major 
part,  which  cai  ries  the  vote,  is  of  fuch  as  can  afford  lead 
help  to  the  woik. 

The  court  finding  that  Gorton  and  his  company  did 
harm  in  the  towns  where  they  w«re  confined,  and  not 
knowing  what  to  do  with  them,  at  length  agreed  to  fet 
them  at  liberty,  and  gave  them  14  days  to  depart  out  of 
our  jurifdiftion  in  all  parts,  and  no  more  to  come  into  it 
upon  pain  of  death.  This  cenfure  was  thought  too  light 
and  favorable,  but  we  knew  not  how  in  juftice  we  could 
inflict  any  punifhment  upon  them,  the  ientence  of  the 
court  being  already  pafled  &c. 

At  this  court  Cutfhamekin  and  Squafuflien,  Mafcono- 
noco,  Nafhacowam  and  Waffamagoin,  two  fachems  near 
the  great  hill  to  the  weft  called  Warehaflfett,  came  into 
the  court,'  and  according  to  their  former  tender  to  the 
Governor,  defired  to  be  received  under  our  protection 
and  government  upon  the  fame  terms  that  Pumham  and 
Sacononoco  were  ;  fo  we  caufing  them  to  underftand  the 
articles,  and  all  the  ten  commandments  of  God,  and  they 
freely  aifenting  to  all,  they  were  folemnly  received,  and 
then  prefented  the  court  with  26  fathom  more  of  wam- 
pom,  and  the  court  gave  each  of  them  a  coat  of  two  yards 
of  cloth,  and  their  dinner;  and  to  them  and  their  men 
every  of  them  a  cup  of  fack  at  their  departure,  fo  they 
took  leave  and  went  away  very  joyful. 

At  this  court  came  letters  from  Newhaven,  and  withal 
an  anfwer  from  the  Swedes  and  Dutch  to  the  letters  of 
the  commidioners  of  the  union,  fent  in  the  7th  month 
laft.  The  dutch  ftill  maintained  their  right  to  the  land 
at  Hartford,  and  their  complaint  of  injuries.  The  Swedes 
denied  what  they  had  been  charged  with,  and  fent  copies 

of 


si6  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP's 

1643.  of  divers  examinations  upon  oath  taken  in  the  caufe,  with 
v«— v— • '  a  copy  of  all  the  proceeding  between  them  and  our  friends 
of  Newhaven  from  the  firft,  and  in  their  letters  u fed  large 
expreflions  of  their  refpeft  to  the  Englifh,,  and  particu- 
larly to  our  colony  ;  and  Mr.  Eaton  defired  a  copy  of 
our  patent  to  (hew  the  Swedifh  Governor  (at  his  requefl) 
and  a  new  commiffion  from  the  commiflioners  of  the 
union,  allowing  them  to  go  on  with  their  plantation  and 
trade  in  Delaware  river  and  bay  (for  the  Governor  had 
told  their  agent  that  upon  fuch  a  commiflion  they  fhould 
have  liberty  &c.)  This  coming  at  the  fetting  of  the  gen- 
eral court,  the  commiffioners  advifed  with  the  court  a- 
bout  it,  who  granted  both,  but  the  commiflion  with  a 
Jalvojure:  we  were  then  informed  alfo  of  a  dutch  (hip 
lately  arrived  at  Hudfon's  river  fent  to  the  free  boors  at 
fort  Orange,  which  brought  them  4,000  weight  of  pow- 
der, and  700  pieces  to  trade  with  the  natives,  which  the 
dutch  Governor  having  notice  of,  did  feize  *and  confif- 
cate  to  the  ufe  of  the  company. 

We  had  the  news  alfo  that  the  dutch  had  entertained 
Capt.  Underbill,  who  with  izo  men,  dutch  and  englifh, 
had  killed  120  Indians  upon  Long  Ifland,  and  300  more 
upon  the  main,  which  was  found  to  be  a  plot  of  the  dutch 
Governor  to  engage  the  englifh  in  that  quarrel  with  the 
Indians,  which  we  had  wholly  declined,  as  doubting  of 
the  juftice  of  the  caufe. 

At  this  court  of  affiftants  one  James  Britton  a  man  ill 
affe&ed  both  to  our  church  difcipline  and  civil  govern- 
ment, and  one  Mary  Latham  a  promp  young  woman  a- 
bout  18  years  of  age,  whofe  father  was  a  godly  man  and 
had  brought  her  up  well,  were  condemned  to  die  for  adul- 
tery, upon  a  law  formerly  made  and  publifhed  in  print, 
It  was  thus  occafioned  and  difcovered.  This  woman  be- 
ing rejected  by  a  young  man  whom  fhe  had  an  affe&ion 
unto,  vowed  fhe  would  marry  the  next  that  came  to  her, 
and  accordingly,  againft  her  friends  minds,  fhe  matched 
with  an  ancient  man  who  had  neither  honefty  nor  ability, 
and  one  whom  fhe  had  no  affe&ion  unto  :  whereupon 
foon  after  fhe  was  married,  divers  young  men  folicited 
her  chaftity,  and  drawing  her  into  bad  company,  and  giv- 
ing her  wine  and  other  gifts,  eafily  prevailed  with  her, 
and  among  others  this  Britton,  but  God  fmiting  him  with 
a  dead  palfeyand  fearful  horror  of  confcience  withal,  he 
could  not  keep  fecret,  but  difcovered  this,  and  other  the 
like  with  other  women,  and  was  forced  to  acknowledge 

th« 


JOURNAL.  327 

the  juftice  of  God  in  that  having  often  called  ethers  fools 
&c.  for  eonfefling  againfl  themfelves,  he  was  now  fore- 
ed  to  do  the  like.  The  woman  dwelt  now  in  Plimouth 
patent,  and  one  of  the  magiftrates  there  hearing  {he  was 
detected  Sec.  fent  her  to  us.  Upon  her  examination  (he 
confeiled  he  did  attempt  the  fact,  but  did  not  commit  it, 
and  witnefs  was  produced  that  teftified  (which  they  both 
confeffed)  that  in  the  evening  of  a  day  of  humiliation 
thro'  the  country  for  England  &c.  a  company  met  at 
JBrittons'  and  there  continued  drinking  fack  &c.  'till  late 
in  the  night,  and  then  Britton  and  the  woman  were  feen 
upon  the  ground  together,  a  little  from  the  houfe.  It 
was  reported  alfo  that  {he  did  frequently  abufe  her  huf- 
band,  letting  a  knife  to  his  breaft  and  threatening  to  kill 
him,  calling  him  old  rogue  and  cuckold,  and  faid  fhe  would 
make  him  wear  horns  as  big  as  a  bull  ;  and  yet  fome  of 
the  magiftrases  thought  the  evidence  not  fufficient  againft 
her,  becaufe  there  were  not  two  direft  witnelfes,  but  the 
jury  caft  her,  and  then  fhe  confeiled  the  raft,  and  accufed 
1 2  others,  whereof  two  were  married  men.  Five  of  thefe 
were  apprehended  and  comitted  (the  reft  were  gone)  but 
denying  it,  and  there  being  no  other. witnefs  againft  them 
than  the  teftimony  of  a  condemned  perfon,  there  could 
be  no  proceeding  againft  them.  The  woman  proved  ve- 
ry penitent,  and  had  deep  apprehenfion  of  the  foulnefs 
of  her  fin,  and  at  length  attained  to  hope  of  pardon  by  the 
blood  of  Chrift,  and  was  willing  to  die  in  fatisfa£Hon  to 
juftice.  The  man  alfo  was  very  much  caft  down  for  his 
fins  but  was  loth  to  die,  and  petitioned  the  general  court 
for  his  life,  but  they  would  not  grant  it,  tho'  fome  of  the 
magiftrates  fpake  much  for  it,  and  queftioned  the  letter, 
whether  adultery  was  death  by  God's  law  now.  This 
Britton  had  been  a  profefibr  in  England,  but  coming 
hither  he  oppofcd  our  church  government  &c.  and  grew 
diffolute,  lofmg  both  power  and  profeffion  of  godli- 
nefs. 

They  were  both  executed, they  both  djed  very  penitent- 
ly  efpccially  the  woman  who  had  fome  comfortable  hope 
of  pardon  of  her  fin,and  gave  good  exhortation  to  all 
young  maids  to  be  obedient  to  their  parents  and  to  take 
heed  of  evil  company  &c. 

The  Earl  of  Warwick  and  other  Lords  &c.  being  ap- 
pointed by  the  parliament,  commiffioners  fcr  regulating 
the  Weft-Indies  and  all  other  engliQi  plantations  in  Ame- 
rica, fent  commiffion  to  Virginia  to  free  them  from  all 

form- 


25      -  GOVERNOR     WINTHROP** 

1644.  former  taxations  and  all  other  charges  but  fuch  as  fhould 
• v— — '  be  needful  for  their  own  occafions,  and  gave  them  liberty 
to  choofe  their  own  Governor  ;  and  fent  command  to  all 
englifh  fhips  there  (which  were  then  to  the  number  of  16, 
ttioft  of  them  great  fhips)  to  aflift  them  if  need  were. 
But  the  King  Tending  a  countermand  to  G.  R  Berkley 
the  Governor,  he  withQood  the  parliament's  commifllon- 
crs  and  drew  mofl  of  the  other  magiftraics  to  take  oath 
upon  the  facrament,to  maintain  tht  King's  authority  &c. 
fo  that  the  whole  country  was  ):ke  to  rife  in  parties,  fome 
for  the  King,  and  others  for  the  parliament. 

A  proportion  was  made  tin.-,  court  for  all  the  englifh 
within  ine united  colonies  to  enter  into  a  civil  govern- 
ment for  the  maintenance  of  religion  and  our  civil  liber- 
ties, and  for  yielding  fome  more  of  the  fieeman's  privil- 
eges to  fuch  as^werr  no  church  members,  that"  fhould  join 
in  this  government,  but  nothing  was  coi. eluded,  but  re- 
ferred to  next  coin t,  and  in  the  mean  time  that  letters 
fhould  be  written  to  |he  other  colonies  to  acivile  with 
them  about  it  :  nothing  was  cffetled  for  want  of  oppor- 
tunity of  meeting  &c. 

At  the  fame  court  in  the  ift  month,  upon  the  motion 
of  the  deputies,  it  was  ordered  that  the  court  fhould  be 
divided  in  their  confultaticns,  the  magifhatcs  by  them- 
felves,  and  the  deputies  by  themfelves.  what  the  one  a- 
greed  upon  they  fhould  lend  to  the  other,  and  if  both 
agreed,  then  to  pafs  &c.  This  order  determined  the 
great  contention  about  the  negative  voice. 

Divers  of  the  merchants  oi  Boflon  being  clefirous  to 
difcover  the  great  lake,  fuppofing  it  to  lie  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  «ur  patent,  and  finding  that  the  great  trade  of  bea- 
ver which  came  to  all  the  eaftei  n  and  fouthern  parts, 
came  from  thence,  petitioned  the  ctourt  to  be  a  company 
for  that  defign,  and  to  have  the  trade  which  they  fhould 
difcover,  to  themfelves  for  21  years.  The  court  was  very 
unwilling  to  grant  any  monopoly,  but  perceiving  that 
without  it  they  would  not  proceed,  granted  their  defire  : 
whereupon,  having  alfo  commiflion  granted  them  under 
(9)  the  public  feal,  and  letters  from  the  Governor  to  the 
Dutch  and  Swedifh  Governors,  they  fent  out  a  pinnace 
well  manned  and  furnifhcd  with  proviUons  and  trading 
(luff,  which  was  te  fail  up  Delaware  river  fo  high  as  they 
could  go,  and  then  fome  of  the  company,  under  the  con- 
duel  of  Mr.  William  Afpenwall,  a  good  artift,  and  one 
who  had  been  in  thofe  parts,  to  pafs  by  fmall  fluffs  or  ca- 
noes up  the  river  fo  far  as  they  could. 


JOURNAL. 

Many  of  Watertown  and  other  towns  joined  in  the 
plantation  at  Nafhaway,  and  having  called  a  young  man^ 
an  univerfal  fcholar,  one  Mr.  NoerofF,  to  be  their  minii- 
ter,  feven  of  them  who  Were  no  members  of  any  churches, 
were  defuous  to  gather  into  a  church  eftate  ;  but  the 
•hiagiftrates  and  elders  advifed  them  firft  to  go  arid  build 
them  habitations  &c.  (for  there  was  yet  no  houfe  there) 
and  then  to  take  fome  that  were  members  of  other  church- 
es, with  the  confent  of  fuch  churches,  as  formerly  had 
been  done,  and  fo  proceed  Orderly.  But  the  perfons  in- 
terefted  in  this  plantation,  being  moft  of  them  poor  men5 
an  i  fome  of  them  corrupt  in  judgment,  and  others  pro- 
fane, it  went  on  veiy  flowly,  fo  as  that  in  two  years  they 
had  not  three  houfes  built  therr,  and  he  whom  they  had 
called  to  be  their  minifter  left  them  for  their  delays. 

One  Dalkin  and  his  wife  dwelling  near  Meadford  com- 
ing from  Cambridge,  where  they  had  fpent  their  Tabbath, 
and  being  to  pafs  over  the  river  at  a  fordj  the  tide  not  b<£- 
ing  fallen  enough,  the  hufband  adventured  over,  and 
finding  it  too  deep,  perfuaded  his  wife  to  fray  a  whilc^ 
but  it  raining  very  fore,  (he  would  needs  adventure  over, 
and  was  carried  away  with  the  ftream  paft  her  depth, 
her  hufband  not  daring  to  go  help  her,  cried  out$  and 
thereupon  his  dog,  being  at  his  houfe  near  by,  came  forth^ 
and  feeing  fomething  in  the  water,  fwam  to  her  and  fhe 
caught  hold  on  the  dog's  tail  fo  he  drew  her  to  the  fhore 
and  faved  her  life* 

At  the  general  court  (8)  4.  there  came  a  letter  to  the 
Governor  from  Mr.  Wheelwright  (who  was  now  carried 
from  Exeter  to  Wells  near  Cape  Porpoife  where  he  was 
paftor  of  a  church)  the  contents  whereof  were  as  fol- 
loweth. 

RIGHT  WORSHIPFUL. 

Upon  the  long  and  mature  confederation  of  things  t 
perceive  that  the  main  difference  between  yourfelves 
and  fome  of  the  Rev.  Elders  ar»d  me  in  point  of  jurifdic- 
tion  and  the  evidencing  thereof,  is  not  of  that  nature  and 
confequence  as  was  then  prefented  to  me  in  the  falfe 
glafs  of  fatan's  temptations  and  mine  own  diftempered 
paflions,  which  makes  me  unfeignedly  forry  that  I  had 
fuch  an  hand  in  thole  (harp  and  vehement  contentions 
raifed  thereabouts  to  the  great  difturbance  of  the  churches 
of  Chrift.  It  is  th«  gift  of  my  foul  that  I  ufed  fuch  ve- 
hement cenforious  fpeeches  in  the  application  of  my  fer- 
Knon,  or  in  any  other  writing,  whereby  I  reflected  any 
T  t  dif. 


330 


GOVERNOR    W  INT  HR  OP's 


1644.  dishonor  upon  your  worfhips.  the  rev'd  elders,  or  any  of 
•oritiary  judgment  to  mylelf.  It  repents  me  that  1  did 
fo  much  adhere  to  perfons  of  corrupt  judgment,  to  the 
countenancing  of  them  in  any  of  their  errors  or  evil  prac- 
tices, tho*  I  intended  no  fuch  thing  ;  and  that  in  the  fy- 
rod  I  ufed  futh  unfaff  and  obfcure  expreflions  falling 
from  me  as  a  man  dazz  ed  with  the  tuflettings  of  Satan, 
and  that  I  did  appeal  from  mifapprehenfion  of  things.  I 
cdnfefs  that  herein  I  have  done  very  nnfully,  and  do 
humbly  crave  pardon  of  this  honored  ftate.  If  it  fhall 
appear  to  me,  by  fcripture  light,  that  in  any  carnage, 
word,  writing  or  aftion,  I  have  \\  alked  contrary  to  rule, 
I  fhall  be  ready,  by  the  giare  of  God,  to  give  latisfaftim  : 
thus  hoping  that  you  will  pardon  my  boldneis,  I  humbly 
take  leave  of  your  worfhip,  committing  you  to  the  good 
providence  of  the  Almighty  ;  and  ever  remain,  your 
worfhip's  in  all  iervice  to  be  commanded  in  the  Loid. 

F.  WHEELWRIGHT. 

Wells,  (7)   10—43. 

Upon  this  letter  the  court  was  very  well  inclined  to 
rcleafe  his  banifhment  ;  and  thereupon  ordered  that  he 
might  have  a  fafe  condu£l  to  come  to  the  court  &c.  hereof 
the  Governor  certified  him  by  letter,  and  received  this 
anfwer  from  him. 
R.  W. 

I  have  received  the  letter  wherein  you  fcgnify  to  me 
that  you  have  imparted  my  letter  to  the  honorable  court, 
and  that  it  finds  good  applaufe,  for  which  I  rejoice  with 
much  thankfulnefs.  I  am  very  thankful  to  your  woi  (hip 
for  the  letter  of  fafe  conduft  which  I  formerly  received, 
as  likewife  for  the  late  aft  of  court,  granting  me  the  fame 
liberty  in  cafe  I  defire  letters  to  that  end.  I  {hould  very 
willingly, upon  letters  received, exprefs  byword  of  mouth 
openly  in  court,  that  which  I  did  by  writing, 
might  I,  without  offence,  explain  my  true  intent  and 
meaning  more  fully  to  this  efieft  :  that  notwithstanding 
my  failings,  for  which  I  humbly  crave  pardon,  yet  I  can- 
not with  a  good  confcience  condemn  myielf  for  fuch 
capital  crimes,  dangerous  revelations  and  grofs  errors,  as 
have  been  charged  upon  me,  the  concurrence  of  which 
(as  I  take  it)  make  up  the  very  fubftance  of  the  caufe  of 
all  my  fufferings.  I  do  not  fee,  but  in  fo  mixt  a  caufe,  I 
am  bound  to  ufe,  may  it  be  permitted,  my  juft  defence  fo 
far  as  I  apprehend  myfelf  to  be  innocent,  as  to  make  my 
confeflion  where  I  am  convinced  of  any  delinquency  ; 

other- 


JOURNAL.  33; 

•therwife  I  {hall  feeminoly  and  in  appearance,  fall  under       1644. 
guilt  of  many  heinous  offences  for   which  my  confcience    l_~-v-— J 
doth  acquit  me.      If  I  feem  to  make  fuit  to   the  honorable 
court  for  relaxation   to  be  granted,  by  an  aft   of  mercy, 
upon  my   fole  confcflion,  I   muft  offend  my  confcience, 
if  by  an  acVof  juftice  upon  mine  apology  and  lawful  de- 
fence, I  fear  left   I  (hall   offend  your  worfhips.     I   leave 
all  things  to  your    wife  and   godly  confideration,   hoping 
that  you  will  pardon  my  fimplicity  and  plainnefs  which  I 
am  forced  unto  by  the  power  of  an    over-ruling   confci-  , 

ence.     I  reft  your  worfhip's  in  the  Lord. 

F.  WHEELWRIGHT. 

Wells,  (i)  1—43. 

To  this  the  Governor  replied  to  this  effeft,  viz.  that  tho' 
his  liberiy  might  be  obtained  without  his  perfonal  appear- 
ance, yet  that  was  doubtful,  nor  did  he  conceive  that  a 
wife  and  modeft  apology  would  prejudice  the  acceptance 
of  his  free  and  ingenuous  confeflion,  feeing  the  latter 
would  juftify  the  fentence  of  the  court,  which  looked 
only  at  his  a&ion,  and  yet  by  the  former,  he  might  main- 
tain the  liberty  of  his  confcience  in  clearing  his  inten- 
tion from  thefe  ill  deferving  crimes  which  the  court  ap- 
prehended by  his  action  :  and  withal,  (becaufe  there 
might  want  opportunity  of  conveyance  before  the  court) 
he  fent  him  inclofed  a  fafe  conduct  &c.  The  next  court 
releafed  his  banifhment  without  his  appearance. 

A  (hip  coming  from  Virginia  certified  us  of  a  great  (3)  2O« 
maffacre  lately  committed  by  the  natives  upon  the  engliflh 
there  to  the  number  of  300  at  leaft,  and  that  aa  indian 
whom  they  had  lince  taken  confeffed  that  they  did  it  be- 
caufe  they  faw  the  englifh  took  up  all  their  lands  from 
them,  and  would  drive  them  out  of  th«  country,  and  they 
took  this  feafon  for  that  they  underftood  that  they  were 
at  war  in  England,  and  began  to  go  to  war  among  them- 
felves,  for  they  had  feen  a  fight  in  the  river  between  a. 
London  (hip  which  was  for  the  parliament,  and  a  Briftol 
{hip  which  was  for  the  king.  He  confeffed  further  that 
all  the  indians  within  600  miles  were  confederate  togeth- 
er to  root  all  ftrangers  out  of  the  country. 

It  was  very  obiervable  that  this  maffacre  came  upon, 
them  foon  after  they  had  driven  out  the  godly  minifters 
we  had  lent  to  them,  and  had  made  an  order  that  all  fuch 
as  would  not  conform  to  the  discipline  of  the  church 
of  England  ihould  depart  the  country  by  a  certain  day, 
which  the  raaffkcre  now  prevented  ;  arid  the  Governor 

(one 


GOVERNOR    WIN  THRO  P'I 

644.  (one  Sir  Robert  Berkley  a  courtier,  and  very  malignant 
towards  the  way  of  our  churche*  here)  and  council  had 
appointed  a  faft  to  be  kept  thro*  the  country  upon  good 
Friday  (as  they  call  it)  for  the  good  (uccefs  of  the  King 
&c.  and  the  day  before,  th»s  maflacre  begun  in  the  out- 
parts  of  the  contry  round  about,  and  continued  two  days, 
for  they  killed  all;  by  fudden  furprifal,  living  amongft 
them^  and  as  familiar  in  their  houfes  as  thofe  of  the  fa- 
piily.  This  maflacre  was  accompanied  with  a  great  mor- 
tality. Upon  thefe  troubles  divers  godly  difpofed  per- 
fons  came  from  thence  to  New-England,  and  many  of  the 
reft  were  forced  to  give  glory  to  God  in  acknowledging 
that  this  evil  was  fent  upon  them  from  God  for  their  re- 
viling the  gofpel  and  thofe  faithful  minifters  he  had  fent 
^mong  them. 

A  letter  came  to  the  Governor  under  the  marks  of  Pe- 
fecus  and  Canonicus  the  fachem  of  Naraganfett,  but  writ- 
ten by  Gorton's  company,  to  this  effefcV  That  they  were 
purpofed  to  make  war  upon  Onkus  in  revenge  of  the 
death  of  Miantonamoh  and  others  of  their  people  whom 
he  had  {lain,  and  that  they  marvelled  why  we  (hould  be 
again  ft  it — that  thev  had  put  thernfelves  under  the  gov- 
ernment and  protection  of  the  King  of  England,  and  fo 
were  now  become  our  fellow  fubjefts,  and  therefore  if 
any  difference  fhould  fall  between  us  and  them,  it  ought 
to  be  referred  to  him  ;  profe fling  withal  their  willing- 
nefs  to  continue  all  friendly  correfpondency  with  us. 
The  general  court  being  aflembled,  when  Mr.  Endicott 
was  chofen  Governorand  Mr.Winthrop  Deputy  Govern- 
or, they  took  this  letter  into  consideration  together 
with  another  from  Gorton's  company  to  the 
fame  effe&,  and  fent  two  meflengers  to  the  Naraganfetts 
with  inftruftions  to  this  purpofe,  viz.  to  know  whether 
they  did  own  that  letter  &c.  and  by  whofe  advice  they 
had  done  as  they  wrote,  and  why  they  would  counte- 
nance and  take  council  from  fuch  evil  men  and  fuch  as 
we  had  banifhed  from  us,  and  to  perfuade  them  to  fit 
•ftill,  and  to  have  more  regard  to  us  than  fuch  as  Gorton 
&c.  When  our  meflengers  came  to  them,  Canonicus 
would  not  admit  them  into  his  wigwam  for  two  hours, 
but  fuffered  them  to  ftay  in  the  rain.  When  he  did  ad- 
mit them,  he  lay  along  upon  his  couch,  and  would  not 
fpeak  to  them  more  than  a  few  froward  fpeechcs,  but  re- 
ferred them  to  Pefacus,  who  coming  after  fome  four 
hours,  carried  them  into  an  ordinary  wigwam,  and  there 

had 


JOURNAL.  333 

Kid  conference  with  them  moft  part  of  the  night.  Their  ^644. 
anfwers  were  witty  and  full  to  the  questions  ;  and  their 
conclusion  was,  that  they  would  prefem'y  go  to  war  up^ 
on  Onkus,  but  riot  in  fuch  manner  as  MiaTitonamoh  had 
done,  by  a  great  army,  but  by  fending  out  parlies  of  20 
or  more  or  lefs,  to  catch  his  men,  and  keep  them  from 
getting  their  living  &c. 

At  this  court  Paflaconaway  the  MerHmaekfachero  came 
in  and  lubinitted  to  our  government,  as  Pumham  <&e.  had 
done  before. 

Two  oi  our  minifters  fons  being  ft&gfelltf  in  the  college  (4) 
robbed  two  dwelling  houfes  in  th.e  night,  of  fome  £'15-*- 
being  found  out  they  were  ordered  by  the  Governor*  of 
the  college  to  be  there  whipped,  which  wa§  perf<3rna«d 
by  the  pn:hdent  himfelf  ;  yet  they  we*  re  about  9.9  years 
of  ?ge-~- vi.nd  after  they  were,  brought  into  (he  court  and 
ordered  to  two  fold  fatisfa&ion.  or  to  ferve  fo  long  for  it. 
We  had  yet  no  particular  puniftiment  for  burglary. 

At  this-  rourt  there  arofe  fonrce  troubles  by  this  occa^ 
fion.  Thfvfo  at  Efiex  had  procured  at  the  court  before, 
that  the  deputies  of  the  feveral  (hires  Ojould  meet  before 
this  court  to  prepare  buTine!^  &c.  which  accordingly  they 
did,  and  propounded  divers  things  w'hich  they  agitated  and 
concluded  among  themielves  without  convmmicating 
them  to  the  other  {hires,  who  conceived  tbsv  had  been 
only  fuch  things  as  had  concerned  the.  commonwealth, 
but  when  they  came  now  to  be  put  to  this  court,  it  ap- 
peared that  their  chief  intent  was  to  advantage  thslr  ow*i 
fhire.  As  j.  by  drawing  the  government  thither.  2. 
By  drawing  the  courts  thither.  3.  By  drawing  a  good 
part  of  the  country  dock  thither.  4.  By  procurirtg  4  of 
thofe  parts  to  be  joined  in  commi (lion  with  the  rnagif- 
trates — and  for  this  end  they  had  made  fo  ftrong  a  party 
among  the  deputies  of  the  fmaller  towns  (being  mod  oif 
them  mean  men,  and  fuch  as  had  fmall  ur.iderftan<ling  in 
affairs  of  (late)  as  they  eafily  carried  all  theCe  among  the 
deputies,  but  when  the  two  bills  came  to  the  magidrutes 
they  difcerning  the  plot,  and  finding  them  hurtful  to  the 
commonwealth,  refufed  to  pafs  them,  and  a  committee  of 
both  being  appointed  to  consider  the  rcafous.of  both  fides, 
thofe  of  the  magistrates  prevailed. 

But  the  .great  difference  was  about  a  eommiftion  which 
the  deputies  fent  up.,  whereby  power  was  given  to  (even 
of  the  magiftrates  and  three  of  the  deputies  and  Mr. 
Ward  (fome  time  pallor  of  Ipfwich,  and  ftill  a  preacher) 

to 


,34  GOVERNOR     W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1644.  to  order  all  affairs  of  the  commonwealth  in  the  vacancy 
of  the  general  court,  which  the  magiftrates  returned  with 
this  anfwer— That  they  conceived  fuch  commiflion  did 
tend  to  the  overthrow  of  the  foundation  of  our  govern- 
ment, and  of  the  freemens  liberty,  and  therefore  deftred 
the  deputies  to  confiderof  a  way  how  this  danger  might 
be  avoided  and  the  liberty  of  the-  freemen  preserved  in- 
vioable,  otherwife  they  could  not  comfortably  proceed  in 
other  affairs.  Upon  this  return  all  the  deputies  came  to 
confer  with  the  magistrates.  The  exceptions  the  magif- 
trates to  >k  were  thefe.  i.  That  this  court  fhould  treat 
general  affairs  which  the  freemen  had  referved  to  the 
court  of  eletHons.  2.  That  they  fhould  put  out  four  of 
the  magiftrates  from  that  power  and  truft  which  the  free- 
men had  committed  to  them.  3.  At  the  commiflion  it- 
felf,  feeing  they  ought  not  to  accept  that  power  by  com- 
mifiion  which  did  belong  to  them  by  the  patent  and  by 
their  election.  They  had  little  to  anfwer  to  this,  yet  they 
<illedged  a  precedent  or  two  where  this  court  had  order- 
ed forne  of  the  magiftrates  and  fome  others  to  be  a  coun- 
cil of  war,  and  that  we  had  varied  from  our  patent  in 
fome  other  things,  and  therefore  were  not  bound  to  it  in 
this.  But  they  chifflv  ftood  upon  this,  that  the  Gov- 
ernor and  affiftants  had  no  power  oat  of  court  but  what 
was  given  them  by  the  genrral  court.  To  this  the  ma- 
giftrates replied,  i.  That  fuch  examples  as  were  againft 
rules  or  common  right  were  errors  and  no  precedents. 
2.  That  council  was  for  our  particular  cafe  only  and  not 
of  general  extent.  3.  In  thofe  things  wherein  we  had 
varied  from  our  patent  we  did  not  touch  the  foundation 
of  our  government.  To  the  laft  it  was  faid,  that  the 
Governor  and  afliftants  had  power  of  government  be- 
fore we  had  any  written  laws  or  h  id  kept  any  courts  ; 
and  to  make  a  man  a  governor  over  a  people,  gives  him, 
by  neceflary  con fequence,  power  to  govern  that  people, 
otherwife  there  were  no  power  in  any  commonwealth  to 
order,  difpofe  or  pun'fh  in  any  cafe  which  might  fall  out, 
that  there  were  no  pofttive  law  declared  in.  It  was  con- 
fented  to  that  this  court  had  authority  to  order  and  direft 
the  power  of  thefe  magiftrates  for  time,  place,  perfons 
&c.  for  the  common  good,  but  not  wholly  to  deprive 
them  of  it,  their  office  continuing  :  fo  as  thefe  being  chof- 
en  by  the  people  by  virtue  of  the  patent,  to  govern  the 
people,  a  chief  part  whereof  confift  in  counfel,  they  are 
the  (landing  council  of  the  commonwealth,  and  there- 
fore 


J     O    U 


N     A    L. 


33* 


fore  in  the  vacancy  of  this  court,  may  aft  in  all  the  affairs 
thereof  without  any  commiflion.  Upon  this  they  with- 
drew, and  after  a  few  hours  came  again,  and  then  they 
tender'cl  a  commiflion  for  war  only,  and  more  of  the  ma- 
giftrates to  be  left  out,  but  the  magift  rates  refufed  to  ac- 
cept of  any  commiflion,  but  they  would  confent  the  fame 
fhould  pals  by  order  fo  as  the  true  power  of  the  magif- 
trates  might  be  declared,  in  it  :  or  to  a  commiflion  of  af- 
fociation,  to  add  three  or  four  others  to  the  magiftrates  in 
that  council  :  or  to  continue  the  court  a  week  longer  and 
fend  for  the  elders  to  take  their  advice  in  it  ;  but  none 
of  thefe  would  be  accepted.  But  they  then  moved  that 
we  would  confent  that  nothing  might  be  done  'till  the 
court  met  again  (which  was  before  agreed  to  be  adjourn- 
ed to  the  28  h  of  (8).  To  this  was  anfwered,  that  if  oc- 
cafion  required,  they  mud  a£l  according  to  the  power  and 
truft.  committed  to  them  ;  to  which  their  fpeaker  replied 
—  You  zvill  not  be,  obeyed. 

Two  days  after  trie  court  was  broken  up,  Purnham  fent 
two  men  to  Bofton  to  tell  us  that  the  Naraganfetts  had 
taken  and  killed  fix  of  Onkus'  men  and  5  women,  and 
had  feht  him  two  hands  and  a  foot  to  engage  him  in  the 
war,  but  he  refufed  to  receive  them  and  fent  to  us  for 
counfel  &c.  This  occalioned  fuch  of  the  magiftrates  and 
deputies  as  were  at  hand  (advifing  alfo  with  fome  of  the 
near  elders)  to  meet  to  confult  about  calling  the  court, 
and  agreed,  both  in  regard  of  this  news  from  the  indians, 
and  especially  forfpeedy  reconciling  the  magiftrates  and 
deputies,  to  write  to  the  Governor  that  the  court  might 
be  called  the  28th  following,  which  the  Governor  affeiit- 
ed  unto. 

The  court  being  aflembled,  they  took  order  for  10  men 
to  be  fent  to  Pumham  according  to  his  defire,  to  help  him 
make  a  fort  of  pallifadoes  &c.  but  the  men  being  volun- 
teers, afked  iq/  per  week  for  each  man,  and  fuch  fpoil  as 
they  fhould  get  if  they  were  put  to  fight,  and  arms  fixed 
and  powder  and  fhot.  Whereupon  the  court  fearing  it 
would  be  an  ill  precedent,  ftaid  and  fent  word  to  Pum- 
ham that  the  men  were  ready,  but  he  muft  pay  them  &c. 

The  commiflion  alfo  for  the  ferjeant  major  general  was 
agreed  and  fealed,  and  in  it  he  was  referred  to  receive  his 
inftruftions  &c.  from  the  council  of  the  commonwealth, 
but  who  were  this  council  was  not  agreed.  Whereupon 
the  magiftrates  all  fave  two  figned  a  declaration  in  main- 
tenance of  their  authority,  and  to  clear  the  afperfions  cafl 

upon 


1644. 


(4) 


6  GOVERNOR    WlNTHROP's 

1644.  upon  them,  as  if  they  intended  to  bring  in  an  arbitrary 
government  Sic.  This  they  fcntfirft  to  the  deputies  with 
intimation,  that  they  intended  to  pubhfh  it,  whereupon 
the  deputies  tent  to  defire  that  it  might  not  be  pubKfhed, 
and  defired  a  committee  might  meet  to  ftate  the  difference 
between  us,  which  was  done,  and  the  difference  was 
brought  under  this  queft ion— where  the  magiftrates  are 
by  patent  and  election  of  the  people  the  (landing  council 
of  the  commonxvealih  in  the  vacancy  of  the  general  court^ 
and  have  power  accordingly  to  a£t  in  all  cafes  fubjeft  to 
government  according  to  the  faid  patent  and  the  laws  of 
this  jurifdi&ion  j  and  when  any  neceffary  occafions  call 
for  action  from  authority,  in  cafes  where  there  is  no  par- 
ticular exprefs  law  provided,  there  to  be  guided  by  the 
word  of  God  'till  the  general  court  give  particular  rules 
in  luch  cafes  ?  This  difference  being  thus  ftated,  they 
drew  up  this  following  order  and  fent  it  to  us,  viz. 

Whereas  there  is  a  difference  between  the  Governor, 
Afiiftants  and  Deputies  in  this  court,  concerning  the 
power  of  the  magiftrates  in  the  vacancy  of  the  general 
court — We  therefore  (Jalvojure)  for  the  peace  and  fafety 
of  this  colony,  do  confent  that  the  Governor  and  aflift- 
ants  {hall  take  order  for  the  welfare  of  this  common- 
wealth in  all  fudden  cafes  that  may  happen  within  our 
jurifoiftion  until  the  next  feffion  of  this  court,  when  we 
defire  this  queftion  may  be  determined. 

This  we  accepted  (with  the  falvo  jure)  but  we  had  re- 
fufcd  to  accept  of  another  they  fent  us  before  in  thefe 
•words — We  do  authorife  thofe  three  which  are  of  the 
ftanding  council  to  proceed  &c. 

Upon  this  agreement  the  magiftrates  confented  that  the 
declaration  fhould  remain  with  the  fecretary  and  not  be 
publifhed  without  the  confentof  the  major  part  of  the  mag- 
iftrates, which  we  intended  not  to  do  except  "we  were 
neceffitated  thereto  by  the  deputies  mifreport  of  our  pro- 
ceedings. And  indeed  fome  of  the  magiftrates  clid  de- 
cline the  publifhing  thereof  upon  this  apprehenfion,  that 
it  would  caufe  a  public  breach  throughout  this  country  : 
Uttd  if  it  fhouid  come  to  that  the  people  would  fall  into 
fa6Hons,  and  the  nonmembers  would  certainly  take  part 
with  the  magiftrates  (we  fhould  not  be  able  to  avoid  it) 
and  this  would  make  us  and  our  caufe,  though  never  fo 
juft,  obnoxious  to  the  common  fort  of  freemen,  the  iffue 
whereof  muft  needs  have  been  verv  doubtful. 

Mr. 


JOURNAL. 

Mr,  George  Phillips  was  buried,  he  was  the  firfl  pallor 
of  the  church  of  Watertown,  a  godly  man,  fpecially  gift- 
ed, and  very  peaceful  in  his  place,  much  lamented  of  his 
own  people  and  others. 

Another  great  error  the  deputies  committed,  which 
alfo  arofe  out  of  the  fame  falfe  bottom,  viz.  the  c hoofing 
one  of  the  younger  magistrates  (though  a  very  able  man) 
Mr.  Bradftreet,  and  one  of  the  deputies  Mr.  Hathornc 
(the  principal  man  in  all  thefe  agitations)  a  young  man 
alfo,  to  be  commiffioners  for  the  united  cononies  ;  both 
eaftern  men,  quite  out  of  the  way  of  opportunity  of  cor- 
refpondency  with  the  other  confederates  ;  whereas  all 
the  reft  had  chofen  either  their  Governers  or  other  chief 
magi{lr<ates  ;  and  ourfelves  had  formerly  chofen  the  Gov- 
ernor and  M r.  Dudley.  Thus  ufual  it  is  for  one  error  in 
ftate  to  beget  others. 

This  alfo  was  a  failing  in  them,  that  when  the  Govern- 
or of  Plimouth  (our  brethren  and  confederates)  wrote 
frarneftly  to  us,  in  their  great  want  of  powder,  to  fupply 
them  out  of  our  ftdre,  and  the  magiflirateS  had  granted 
them  two  barrels,  the  deputies  flopped  it,  and  would  not 
confent  they  might  have  liberty  to  buy  for  their  mo- 
ney. 

Thofe  alfo  of  Aquiday  Ifland,  being  in  great  fear  of  the 
Indians,  wrote  to  us  for  fome  powder  and  other  ammu- 
nition, but  the  court  was  then  adjourned ;  and  becaufe1 
the  deputies  had  denied  our  confederates,  the  magiftrates 
thought  not  fit  to  fupply  them  :  but  certainly  it  was  an 
error  (in  the  ftate  policy  at  leaft)  not  to  fupport  them,  for 
tho*  they  were  defperately  erroneous  and  in  fuch  diftrac- 
tion  among  themfelves  as  portended  their  ruin,  yet  if  the 
Indians  fhould  prevail  againfl  them,  it  would  be  a  great 
advantage  to  the  indians,  and  danger  to  the  whole  coun- 
try by  the  arms  &c.  that  would  there  be  had,  and  by  the 
lofs  of  fo  many  perfons  andfo  much  cattle  and  other  fub- 
fiance  belonging  to  above  120  families.  Or  if  they  fhould 
be  forced  to  feek  protection  from  the  Dutch,  who  would 
be  ready  to  accept  them,  it  Would  be  a  great  inconveni- 
ence to  all  theenglifh  to  have  fo  confiderable  a  place  in 
the  power  of  ftrangers  fo  potent  as  they  are. 

Another  error  alfo  was  this,  that  when  by  the  articles 
of  confederation  we  were  bound,  if  any  of  our  confede- 
rates upon  any  preffing  occafion  fhould  lend  to  us  for  aid, 
we  fhould  forthwith  fend  them  fuch  a  number  of  men  as 
is  agreed  upon  in  the  articles— yet  the  deputies  would 
U  u  not 


338  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1644.  not  confcnt  that  upon  any  fuch  occa£on  the  magiftrate* 
\_j_r- ^—  _'  fhould  raife  any  man  without  calling  a  general  court, 
xvhich  would  put  the  country  to  great  charge,  and  might 
occafion  the  lofs  of  the  opportunity,  arid  when  they 
fhould  be  alTembled  there  would  be  no  uie  of  council,  the 
thing  being  already  determined  by  the  articles  of  con- 
federation. 

(5)  i5t  Upon  the  carneft  importunity  of  Pumham  who  feared 
the  Naraganfetts  becaufe  of  their  threatnings,  that  it 
might  really  appear  that  we  did  own  them  and  would 
protecl  them,  we  lent  10  men  and  an  ofEcer  a  difcreet 
man,  to  command  them,  and  gave  them  c«mrniflion  to 
ftay  there  on«,  two,  or  three  days,  as  &c.  with  charge  not 
to  enter  into  the  limits  of  the  Naraganfett,  nor  to  provekc 
them  &c.  and  if  they  were  forced  to  defend  themfelves, 
yet  they  fhould  not  purfue  the  enemy  if  he  retired  &c. 

Two  new  {hips,  one  of  250 — built  at  Cambridge,  the 
other  of  200,  built  at  Bofton.  let  fail  towards  the  Canaries 
laden  with  pipe  flaves,  fifti  &c. 

The  court  braking  up  in  hafte  (it  being  on  the  evening 
of  the  fa  ft  appointed]  gave  order  to  the  magiftrates  in  the 
bay  to  return  anfwer  to  the  Dutch  Governor's  letter  of 
(12)  11.  which  accordingly  was  done,  to  this  effe£t,  viz. 
Gratulation  of  his  refpeft  and  correfpondency  with  us— - 
manifestation  of  our  good  will  to  him,  and  defire  of  con- 
tinuance of  all  friendly  intercouile  &c. — acknowledging 
that  he  had  largely  and  prudently  diicoui  fed  of  the  mat* 
ters  in  difference  :  but  we  are  alfo  to  attend  the  allega- 
tions on  the  other  parties.  But  feeing  proofs  were  not 
yet  had  on  either  fide,  he  could  expe&  no  further  anfwer 
than  before  :  but  if  he  would  pleafe  to  fend  commifiion- 
crs  to  Hartferd  to  treat  with  the  commiflioners  for  the 
colonies,  it  would  be  very  acceptable,  and  a  hopeful  means 
to  prepare  for  a  good  iflue. 

Anabaptiftry  encreafed  and  fpread  in  the  country, 
•which  occafioned  the  magiftrates,  at  the  laft  court,  to 
draw  an  order  forbanifhing  fuch  as  continued  obftinate 
after  due  conviction.  This  was  fent  to  the  elders  who 
approved  of  it  with  fome  mitigations,  and  being  voted 
and  fent  to  the  deputies,  it  was  after  publifhed. 

A  poor  man  of  Hingham,  one  Painter,  who  lived  at 
New-Haven  and  at  Rowly  and  Charleftown,  and  been 
fcandalous  and  burdenfome  by  his  idle  and  trouMefome 
behaviour  to  them  all,  was  now  on  the  fudden,  turned 
anabaptift,  and  having  a  child  born,  he  would  not  fuffer 

his 


JOURNAL.  339 

his  wife  to  bring  it  to  the  ordinance  of  baptifm,  for  fhe  1644. 
was  a  member  of  the  church,  though  himfelf  were  not  : 
being  prefented  for  this  and  enjoined  to  fuffer  the  child  to 
be  baptized,  he  ftill  refufing,  and  diffcurbing  the  church, 
he  was  again  brought  to  the  court  not  only  for  his  former 
contempt,  but  alfo  for  faying  that  our  baotifm  was  anti- 
chriflian  ;  ani  in  the  open  court  he  affirmed  the  fame— 
whereupon  after  much  patience  and  clear  convi&ion  of 
his  error  &c.  becaufe  he  was  very  poor,  fo  as  no  other 
but  corporal  punifhment  could  be  fattened  upon  him,  he 
was  ordered  to  be  whipped,  not  for  his  opinion,  but  for 
reproaching  the  Lord's  ordinance,  and  for  his  bold  and 
evil  behaviour  both  at  home  and  in  the  court.  He  en*- 
dured  his  punifhment  with  much  obftinacv,  and  when  he 
was  loofed,  he  faid  boaftingly,  that  God  had  marveloufly 
aflifted  him.  Whereupon  two  or  three  honeft  men  his 
neighbours  affirmed  before  all  the  company,  that  he  was 
of  very  loofe  behaviour  at  home,  and  given  much  to  lie- 
ing  and  idlenefs  &c.  nor  had  he  any  great  occafion  to 
gather  God's  affiftance  from  his  flillnefs  under  the  pun- 
ifhment which  was  but  moderate,  for  divers  notorious 
malefactors  had  fhewed  the  like,  and  one  the  fame  court. 

Here  arrived  Mons'r  La  Tour  who  underftood  by  let-     (5) 
ters  from  his  lady,  that  Mons'r  D'Aulnay    had  prevailed 
againft  him  in  France,  and  was  coming  with  great  ftrength 
to  fubdue  him  :  whereupon  he  came  to  deftre  fome  aid,  if 
need  fhould  be. 

Natafcott  being  formerly  made  a  toxvn,  and  having 
»ear  20  houfes  and  a  minifter,  was  by  the  laft  general 
court  named  Hull. 

At  this  court  Capt.  Jenyfon,  captain  » of  the  military 
company  in  Watertown,  an  able  man  who  had  been  ther* 
from  the  firft  fettling  of  that  town,  having  a  year  before 
(being  then  a  deputy)  in  private  conference,  queftioned 
the  lawfulnefs  c*f  the  parliament's  proceeding  in  England, 
was  fent  for  by  the  deputies,  and  examined  about  it,  and 
after  before  the  magiftrates.  He  ingenioufly  confeflfed 
his  fcruple,  but  took  offence,  that  being  a  church  member, 
and  in  public  office,  he  fhould  be  openly  produced,  mere- 
ly for  matter  of  judgment,  not  having  been  firft  dealt 
with  in  private,  either  in  a  church  way  or  by  fome  of 
the  magiftrates,  which  feemed  to  fome  of  the  court  to 
have  been  a  failing.  The  court  was  unwilling  to  turn 
him  out  of  place,  having  been  a  very  ufefui  man  &c.  vet 
not  feeing  how  he  might  be  trufted,  being  of  that  judg- 
ment, 


.g  GOVERNOR    W  I N  T  H  R  O  P's 

$644.  ment,  yet  profefling  that  he  was  aflured  that  thofe  of  the- 
'  parliament  fide  were  the  more  godly  and  honeft  part  of 
the  kingdom,  and  that  tho'  if  he  were  in  England,  he 
fhould  be  doubtful  whether  he  might  take  their  part  a- 
*againft  their  prince,  yet  if  the  king  or  any  party  from 
fcim,  fliould  attempt"  any  thing  againft  this  common- 
wealth, he  ihould  make  no  fcruple  to  fpend  eftate  and 
Ijfe  and  all  in  our  defence  againft  them.  He  was  difmifs- 
ed  to  further  confideration,  and  the  court  being  broken 
m>,  he  carne  foon  after  to  fome  of  the  magittrates  and 
told  them  that  this  queftioning  in  the  court  had  occaiion- 
ed  him  to  fearch  further  into  the  point,  and  he  was  now 
fatisfied  that  the  parliament's  caufe  was  good,  and  if  ho 
V/cve  in  "England  he  would  affift  in  defence  of  it. 

The  contentions  in  Hampton  were  grown  to  a  great 
j^eight,  the  whole  town  was  divided  into  two  factions 
one  with  Mr.  Batchellor  their  late  paftor,  and  the  other 
vyitfc  Mr.  Dalton  their  teacher,  both  men  very  paffionate 
and  wanting  difcretion  and  moderation.  Their  differ- 
ences were  not  in  matters  of  opinion  but  of  pra&ice. 
Mr.  Dalton's  part  being  the  moft  of  the  church,  and  fo 
freemen,  had  great  advantage  of  the  other,  tho'  a  confi- 
derable  part  and  forne  of  them  of  the  church  alfo,  where- 
by they  carried  all  affairs  both  in  church  and  town  ac- 
cording to  their  own  minds,  and  not  with  that  refpect  to 
their  brethren  and  neighbours  which  had  been  fit.  Di- 
vers meetings  had  been  both  of  magiflrates  and  elders, 
and  parties  had  been  reconciled  but  brake  out  prefently 
again,  each  fide  being  apt  to  take  fire  upon  any  provoca- 
tion—-whereupon  Mr.  Batchellor  was  advifed  to  remove, 
and  was  called  to  Exeter  whither  he  intended  to  go,  but 
they  being  divided,  and  at  great  difference  alfo,  when  one 
part  had  appointed  a  day  of  humiliation  to  gather  a  new 
iphurch,  and  call  Mr.  Batchellor,  the  court  fent  order  to 
flop  it, for  they  confideredthey  were  not  in  a  fit  condition 
for  fuch  a  work,  and  befide,  Mr.  Batchellor  had  been  in 
three  places  before,  and  through  his  means  as  was  fup- 
pofed,  the  churches  fell  to  fuch  divifions,  as  no  peace 
could  be  'till  he  was  removed.  And  at  this  court  there 
came  petition  againft  petition  both  from  Hampton  and 
Exeter  ;  whereupon  the  court  ordered  two  or  three  mag- 
iftrates  to  be  fent  to  Hampton  with  full  power  to  hear  and 
determine  all  differences  there. 

At  Wenharn  alfo  there  was  a  public  affembly  for  gath- 
a  church,  but  the  magiftratcs  and  elders  prefent, 

find- 


JOURNAL. 


341 


finding  upon  trial,  that  the  pevfons  appointed   werg  not      1644. 

fit  for  foundation  ftones,  they  advifed  them   not   to  pro-  v *<— ' 

eecd,  which  they  obeyed. 

About  this  time  Mr.  Vines  of  Saco,  Mr.  Short  of  PC-  (4)  &  (5) 
maquid.  and  Mr.  Waverton  of  Pifcai :  went  to  La  Tour 
to  call  for  fome  debts  &c.  In  their  way  they  put  in  at 
Penobfcutt  and  were  there  dttained  prifoners  a  few  days  ; 
but  after,  for  Mr.  Short's  fake,  to  whom  D*A\ilnay  wa* 
in  debt,  ihcy  were  difmifled  :  and  going  to  La  Tour,  Mr. 
Waverton  afld  fame  other  englifhrnen  of  the  eaftern  parts 
were  entertained  bv  him  and  fent  with  fome  20  of  his  men 
to  try  if  they  could  not  take  Pcnobfcott,  for  he  under- 
ftood  the  fort  was  weakly  manned  and  in  want  of  viftual. 
They  went  firft  to  a  farm  houfe  of  D'Aulnay's  about  fix 
miles  off,  and  there  Waverton  and  two  more  went  and 
knocked  at  the  door,  with  their  fwords  and  piftols  ready  : 
one  opens  the  door,  and  another  prefently  (hoots  Waver- 
ton dead,  and  a  third  {hoots  his  fecond  in  the  (boulder, 
but  he  withal  discharged  his  piftol  upon  him  that  (hot 
him,  and  killed  him.  Then  other  of  Waverton's  corn- 
pan  y.came  in  and  took  the  houfe  and  the  two  men  (for 
there  were  no  more)  prifoners,  and  they  burnt  the  hbufe 
and  killed  the  cattle  they  found  there,  and  fo  embarked 
themfelves  and  came  to  Bofton  to  La  Tour.  This  Tho- 
mas Waverton  was  a  ftout  man  and  had  been  a  foldiev 
many  years  :  he  had  lived  very  wickedly  in  whoredom, 
drunkenef*  and  quarrelling,  fo  as  he  had  kept  the  Pifcat.: 
men  under  care  of  him  divers  years  'till  they  came  under 
this  government,  and  fmce  that  he  was  much  restrained, 
and  the  people  freed  from  his  terror.  Me  had  of  late 
came  under  fome  terrors,  and  motions  of  the  fpirit  by 
means  of  the  preaching  of  the  word,  but  ho  had  fhaken 
them  off,  and  returned  to  his  former  diffolute  courfe, 
and  fo  continued  'till  God  cut  him  off  by  this  fudden  ex- 
ecution. But  this  hoftile  action  being  led  on  by  an  etig- 
lifhman  of  our  jurifdi&ion,  it  was  like  to  provoke  D'Aul- 
nay  the  more  again  ft  us. 

There  was  mention  made  before  of  a  pinnace  fent  by 
the  company  of  difcoverers  (3)  g.  to  Delaware  river  with 
letters  from  the  Governor  to  the  Dutch  and  Swedifti  Gov- 
ernors for  liberty  to  pafs*  The  dutch  promifed  to  let 
them  pals,  but  for  maintaining  their  own  interefthemuft 
protefl  againft  them.  When  they  came  to  the  Swedes, 
the  fort  (hot  at  them,  ere  they  came  up  :  whereupon 
they  caft  forth  anchor,  and  the  next  morning,  being  the 

Lord's 


34*  GOVERNOR    W  I  N  T  H  R  O  P's 

1644.  Lo^d'*  day,  the  lieut.  came  aboard  them  and  Forced  them 
•  ->  fall  down  lower  ;  when  Mr.  Afpenwall  cam?  to  the 
Governor  and  complained  of  the  lieutenant's  ill  dealing 
both  in  fhooting  at  them  b^fo^e  he  had  hailed  them,  and 
in  forcing  rhem  to  weigh  anchor  on  the  Lord's  day.  The 
Governor  acknowledged  he  did  ill  in  both,  and  promifed 
all  favor,  but  the  dutch  agefU  being  come  down  to  th« 
Swede  fort,  fhewed  exprefs  order  from  the  dutch  Gov- 
ernor not  to  let  him  pafs.  whereupon  they  returned.  But 
before  they  came  out  of  the  river,  the  Swedifh  lieutenant 
made  them  pay  4q/i  for  that  {hot  which  he  had  unduly 
ina^c.  The  pinnace  arrived  at  Bofton  (5)  20.— 44.  See 
page 

A  dutch  fhip  came  from  the  Weft  Indies  and  brought 
to  Monhatoes  aoo  foldiers  from  CuraCou,  which  was  tak- 
en by  the  Portugal  and  the  Indians  and  800  (lain  of  the 
dutch  part,  as  was  reported. 

23  La  Tour  having  been  with  the  Governor  at  Salem  and 
made  known  his  condition  to  him,  he  was  moved  with 
compaffion  towards  him,  and  appointed  a  meeting  of  the 
magi  ft  rates  and  elders  at  Bofton  this  day.  In  opening 
La  Tour's  cafe  it  appeared  that  the  place  where  his  fort 
was,  had  been  purchafed  by  his  father  of  Sir  William 
Alexander,  and  he  had  a  free  grant  of  it,  and  of  all  that 
part  of  New  Scotland,  under  the  great  feal  of  Scotland, 
and  another  grant  of  a^Scott  Baronet  under  the  fame 
feal;  and  that  himfelf  and  his  father  had  continued  in 
pofie llion  &c.  about  30  years,  and  that  Port  Royal  was 
their's  alTo,  until  D'Aulnay  had  difpofleflcd  him  of  it  by 
force  within  thefe  five  years.  Moft  of  the  magiftrates 
and  fome  of  elders  were  clear  in  the  cafe  that  he  was  to 
be  relieved,  both  in  point  of  charity  as'a  diftrefled  neigh- 
bour, and  alfo  in  point  of  prudence,  as  thereby  to  root 
out,  or  at  leaft  weaken,  an  enemy  or  a  dangerous  neigh- 
bour. But  becaufe  many  of  the  elders  were  abfent,  and 
three  or  four  of  the  magiftrates  diflented,  it  was  agreed 
the  reft  of  the  elders  fhould  be  called  in,  and  that  another 
meeting  (hould  be  at  Salem  the  next  week.  Wrhen  they 
were  met,  the  Governor  propounded  the  cafe  to  them, 
and  it  was  brought  to  the  two  former  queftions.  i. 
Whether  it  were  lawful  for  true  chriftians  to  aid  an  anti- 
chriftian.  t ,  Whether  it  were  fafc  for  us  in  point  of 
prudence.  After  much  difputation,  fome  of  the  magif- 
trates and  elders  remaining  unfatisfied,  and  the  reft  not 
willing  to  conclude  any  thing  in  this  cafe  without  a  full 
confent,  a  third  way  was  propounded  which  all  aflented 


JOURNAL.  a 

unto,  which  was  this,  that  a  letter  fhould  be  fent  to  D*-  1644, 
Aulnay  to  this  effe&,  viz.  That  by  occafion  of  fomecom-  * 
millions  of  his  (which  had  come  to  our  hands)  to  'hi* 
captains  to  take  our  people  &c.  and  not  knowing  any 
juft  occafion  we  had  given  him^  to  know  the  reafon  there- 
of, and  withal  to  demand  fatisfa&ion  for  the  wrongs  he 
had  done  us  and  our  confederates  in  taking  Penoblcott, 
and  our  men  and  goods  at  lile  Sable,  and  threatening  to 
make  prize  of  our  veflels  if  they  came  to  Penobfcott  &c. 
declaring  withal  that  altho'  our  men  which  went  lali 
year  to  aid  La  Tour  did  it  without  any  commiflion  from 
us,  or  any  counfel  or  aft  of  permiflion  of  our  ftate  ;  yet  if 
he  made  it  appear  to  us  that  they  had  done  him  any  wrong 
(which  yet  we  knew  not  of)  we  (hould  be  ready  to  do 
him  juftice  ;  and  requiring  his  exprefs  anfwer  by  the 
bearer,  and  expecting  that  he  fhould  call  in  all  fuch  corn- 
mi  ffions  &c.  We  fubfcribed  the  letter  with  the  hands 
of  eight  of  the  magiftrates,  and  dire&ed  it  to  Mons'r  Df- 
Aulnay  Knight,  General  for  the  King  ot  France  in  L. 
Acady  at  Port  Royal.  We  fent  it  in  Enghfh  becaufe  he 
had  written  to  our  Governor  in  French,  but  underftand- 
ing  that  he  had  been  formerly  fcrupulous  to  anfwer  letter* 
in  englifh,  we  therefore  gave  the  meflenger  a  copy  of  it 
in  French.  We  fent  alfo  in  the  letter  a  copy  of  an  order 
publifhed  by  the  Governor  and  council,  whereby  we  for- 
bad all  our  people  to  ufe  any  acl;  of  hoflility  otherwife 
than  in  their  own  defence,  towards  trench  or  dutch  &c, 
'till  the  next  general  court  &c.  In  our  letter  we  alfo 
mentioned  a  courfe  of  trade  our  merchants  had  entered 
into  with  La  Tour,  and  our  refolution  to  maintain  them 
in  it. 

Before  this  letter  was  fent  we  had  intelligence  from 
the  W.  Indies,  that  D'Anlnay  was  ,met  at  fea  by  fome 
Bifcayers  and  his  (hip  'funk,  yet  being  not  certain 
hereof  when  La  Tour  went  home,  we  fent  the  letter  by  a 
vefTel  of  our  own  which  accompanied  him,  to  be  deliver- 
ed if  occafion  were.  This  news  proved  falfe  and  no 
fuch  thing  was  ;  and  indeed  it  was  fo  ufual  to  have  falfe 
news  brought  from  all  parts,  that  we  were  very  doubtful 
of  themoft  probable  reports. 

At  the  fame  meeting  there  were  three  other  queftiont 
on  foot— the  firft  was  upon  this  occafion. 

Capt.  Stagg  arriving  at  Bofton  in  a  fhip  of  London  of 
24  pieces  ofordonance,  and  finding  there  a  fhip  of  Brif- 
fol  of  100  toni,  laden  with  f.fh  for  Bilboa,  ht  made  no 

fpccch 


GOVERNOR    WIN  THRO  P's 

1644.     fpeeth  of  any  commiflion  he  had,  but  having  put  on  fKons 
'  a  good  part  of  his  lading,  which  was  wine  from  Teneriffe, 
he  {uddenly  weighed  anchor  and  with  the  /failed 

from  before  Bofton  to  Charleftown  and  placed  his 
fhip  be'wen  Charleftown  and  the  Britilh  fhip,  and  mov- 
ed himfelf  aboard  her.  Then  he  called  the  rnafter  of  the 
Britifh  (hip  and  (hewed  him  his  commiflion  and  told  him 
if  he  would  yield,  himfelf  and  all  his  fhould  have  what 
belonged  to  them  and  their  wages  to  that  days  and  turn- 
ing  up  the  -^  hour  glafs,  fet  him  in  his  own  (hip  again, 
requiting  to  have  his  anfwer  by  that  time  ©f  \  an  hour. 
The  mafter  coming  aboard  acquainted  his  men  with  it, 
and  demanded  their  refdlution  :  two  or  three  would 
have  faught,  and  rather  have  blown  up  (hip  than  have 
yielded  ;  but  the  greater  part  prevailed,  fo  (he  was  quietly 
taken,  and  all  the  men  lave  three  fent  to  Bofton,  and 
there  order  was  taken  by  the  captain  for  their  diet.  In 
this  \  hour's  time  much  people  gathered  together  upon 
Windmill  hill  to  fee  the  iffue,  and  lome  who  had  intereft 
in  the  fhip,  efpecially  one  Briftoll  merchant  (a  very  bold 
malignant  perfon)  began  to  gather  company  and  raife  a 
tumult,  but  fome  of  the  people  prefent  laid  hold  of  them 
and  brought  them  to  the  Deputy  Governor,  who  com- 
mitted the  merchant  and  fome  others  who  were  ftrang- 
ers  to  a  chamber  in  an  ominary,  with  a  guard  upon  them  : 
and  others  who  were  town  dwellers  he  committed  to 
prifon,  and  fent  the  conftable  to  require  the  people  to 
depart  to  their  houfes  ;  and  then  hearing  that  the  fhip 
was  taken,  he  wrote  to  the  captain  to  knoto  by  what  au- 
thority he  had  done  it  in  our  harbour,  who  forthwith  re- 
paired to  him  with  his  commiflion  which  was  to  this 
effeft. 

Rbt.  comes  Warwici  &c.  magnus  Admiral  in  Anglia 
&.C.  orb  :  et  cujufcunque  flatus  honoris  &c.  falutum* 
Sciati*  quod  in  regiftro  cuj  :  Adrniralis  &c. — arid  fo  re- 
cites the  ordinance  of  parliament  in  Englifh,  to  this  ef- 
feft.  That  it  fhould  be  lawful  for  all  men  &c.  to  fet 
forth  (hips  and  to  take  all  veflels  in  or  outward  bound  to 
Or  from  Briftoll,  Barnilable,  Dartmouth  &c.  in  hoftility 
againft  the  King  and  parliament,  and  to  vifit  all  (hips  in 
any  port  or  creek  &c.  by  force,  if  they  flaould  refuie  &c. 
&  they  were  to  have  the  whole  prize  to  themfelves  paying 
the  £  10  to  the  Admiral  provided  before  they  went  forth 
they  (hould  give  fecurity  to  the  Admiral  to  obferve  their 
commiflion,  and  that  they  fhould  make  a  tru«  invoice  of 

all 


JOURNAL. 

all  goods,  and  not  break  bulk,  but  bring  the  (hip  to 
the  admiral  and  two  or  three  of  the  officers,  and 
that  they  (hould  not  rob  or  fpoil  any  of  the  parliaments 
friends,  and  fo  concludes  thus.  Stagg  Capitanis  obliga- 
^rit  fe  &c.  in  bis  millc  libris  &c.  In  cujus  rei  teftimonio 
figillum  Admiralis  apponi  feci, 

Dated,  March,  1644. 

Upon  fight  of  this  comrniffion  the  Deputy  appointed 
Capr.  Stagg  to  bring  or  fend  it  to  the  meeting  at  Salem, 
and  the  tumult  being  pacified,  he  took  bond  with  fure- 
ties,  of  the  principal  ftirrers,  to  appear  at  the  meeting  and 
to  keep  the  peace  in  the  mean  time.  The  captain  brought 
his  commiffion  to  Salem  and  there  it  was  read  and  con- 
fidered.  Some  of  the  elders,  the  laft  Lord's  day,  had  in 
their  fermons  reproved  his  proceeding,  and  exhorted  the 
magistrates  &c.  to  maintain  the  people's  liberties,  which 
were,  they  faid,  violated  by  this  aft,  and  that  a  commif- 
fion  could  hot  fuperfede  a  patent  :  and  at  this  meeting 
fome  of  the  magiflrates  and  fome  of  the  elders  were  of 
the  fame  opinion,  and  that  the  captain  fhould  be  forced 
to  reftore  the  fhip.  But  the  greater  part  of  both  were  of 
a  different  judgment — Their  reafons  were  thefe. 

1.  Becaufe  this  could  be  no  precedent  to  bar  us  from 
oppofing  any  commiilion  or  other  foreign  power  that 
might  indeed  tend  to  our  hurt  or  violate  our  liberty  ;  for 
the  parliament  had  taught  us,  that  fains  populi  is  Juprtina 
lex. 

a.  The  King  of  England  was  enraged  againftusand  all 
that  party,  and  all  the  popifh  ftates  in  Europe  :  and  if  we 
fhould  now,  by  oppofing  the  parliament,  caufe  them  to 
forfake  us,  we  could  have  no  protection  or  countenance 
from  any,  but  fhould  lie  open  as  a  prey  to  all  men. 

Q.  We  might  not  deny  the  parliament's  power  in  this 
cale,  unlcfs  we  Ihould  deny  the  foundation  of  our  govern- 
ment by  our  patent  ;  for  the  parliament's  authority  will 
take  place  in  all  peculiar  and  privileged  places  where  the 
King's  writs  or  commiflions  will  not  be  of  force  ;  as  in. 
the  Dutchy  of  Lancaftcr^  the  Cinque  ports,  and  in  Lon- 
don itfelf,  the  parliament  may  fetch  at  any  mart,  even  the 
Lord  Mayor  himfelf,  and  the  reafon  is,  becaufe  what  the 
parliament  doth  is  done  by  themfelves,  for  they  have 
their  burgefles  <&c.  there;  nor  need  they  fear  that  the 
parliament  will  do  any  man  wrong  :  and  we  have  con- 
iented  to  hold  our  land  of  the  manor  of  E.  Greenwich, 
and  fo  fuch  as  are  burgefles  or  knights  for  that  manor,  arc 
X  x  OUT 


6  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'a 

1644.      our  burgeffes  alfo.     This  only   might  help  us,  that  th« 

^ /   King  giving  us  land  which  was  none  of  his,  but  we  were 

forced  to  purchafe  it  of  the  natives,  or  fubdue  it  as  vacuum 
domitillium>  we  ^re  not  bound  to  hold  that  of  him  which 
was  not  his.  Butifweftand  upon  this  plea,  we  muft 
then  renounce  our  patent  and  England's  protection, 
which  were  a  great  weaknels  in  us,  feeing  their  care  feath 
been  to  flrengthen  our  liberties  and  not  overthrow  them : 
and  if  the  parliament  fhould  hereafter  be  of  a  malignant 
fpiritrffec.  then  if  we  have  ftrength  fufBcient,  we  may 
make  ufe  of  Jalus  populi  to  withstand  any  authority  flora 
thence  to  our  hurt, 

4.  Again,  if  we  who  have   fo  openly  declared  our  af- 
fe&ion  lo  the  caufe   of  the   parliament   by  our   prayers, 
fallings  &c.  fhould   now  oppofe  their  authority,  or   do 
any  thing  that  might  make  fuch  an   appearance,  it  would 
belaid  hold  on  by  thofe  in  Virginia  and  the   W.  Indies 
to  confirm  them  in  their  rebellious  courfe  ;  and  it  would 
grieve  all  our  godly  friends  in  England,  or  any   other  of 
the  parliament's  friends. 

5,  Laftly,  if  any  of  our  people  have  any  goods  in  the 
{hip,  it  is  not  to  be  questioned,  but   upon  teftimony,  the 
parliament  will  take  order  for  their  fatisfa&ion. 

It  was  objected  by  fome,  that  our's  is  perfetta  re/publicA 
and  fo  not  iubje£t  to  appeals,  and  consequently  to  no 
other  power  but  among  ourfelves.  It  was  anfwercd, 
that  tho'  our  patent  frees  us  from  appeals  in  cafes  of  ju-^ 
dicature,  yet  not  in  point  of  ftate  ;  for  the  king  of  Eng- 
land cannot  erigere  perfe&am  rempublicam  i  n  fuch  a 
fenfe  :  for  nemo  poteft  plus  jure  in  alios  transjerre  quam  inje 
habtt  ;  he  hath  not  an  abfolute  power  without  the  par- 
liament. 

Upon  thefe  and  other  confidefations  it  was  net  thought 
fit  to  oppofe  the  parliament's  coinmiflion,  but  to  fuffer 
the  captain  to  enjoy  his  price.  But  becaufe  fpme  of  ouf 
merchants  had  put  goods  aboard  her  wherein  they  claim- 
ed property,  they  defired  to  try  their  right  by  aftion,  to 
which  the  captain  confented  to  appear,  fo  a  court  was 
called  of  purpofc,  the  iffue  thereof  follows  after. 

The  third  matter  which  fell  into  consideration  at  the 
faid  meeting  at  Salem  was  about  one  Franklin  who  at  the 
laft  court  of  afliftants  was  found  guilty  of  murder,  but 
fome  of  the  magistrates  doubting  of  the  juftice  of  the  cafe, 
he  was  reprieved  'till  the  next  court  of  afliftants.  The 
cafe  was  this.  He  had  taken  to  apprentice  one  Nathaniel 

Sc- 


JOURNAL.  3 

Sewell  one  of  thofe  children  fent  over  the  lafl  year  for  1644, 
the  country;  the  boy  had  the  fcurvy, and  was  withal  very 
noifome,  and  othervvife  ill  difpofed.  His  matter  ufed 
him  with  continual  rigor  and  unmerciful  correction,  and 
pxpofed  him  many  times  to  much  cold  and  wet  in  the 
winter  feafon,  and  ufed  divers  afts  of  rigor  towards  hirn, 
as  hanging  him  in  the  chimney  &c.  and  the  boy  being  ve- 
ry poor  and  weak,  he  tied  him  upon  an  horfe  and  fo 
brought  him  (fometimes  fitting  and  fometimes  hanging 
down)  to  Bofton,  being  five  miles  off.  to  the  magistrates  ; 
and  by  the  way  the  boy  calling  much  for  water,  would 
give  him  none,  tho*  he  came  clofe  by  it,  fo  as  the  boy  was 
near  dead  when  he  came  to  Bofton,  and  died  within  few 
hours  after.  Thofe  who  doubted  whether  this  were  mur- 
der or  no£,  did  flick  upon  two  reafons  chiefly,  i.  That 
it  did  not  appear  that  the  mafter's  intention  was  to  hurt 
him,  but  to  reform  him.  2.  In  that  which  was  moft  like- 
ly to  be  the  occafion  or  caufe  of  his  death,  he  was  bufied 
about  an  aftion  which  in  itfelf  was  lawful,  viz.  the  bring- 
ing of  him  before  the  magiftrates  ;  and  murder  cannot  be 
committed  but  where  the  aftion  and  intention  both  are 
evil.  To  this  it  was  anfwered — that  this  continual  aft  of 
cruelty  did  bring  him  to  death  by  degrees,  and  the  laft  aft 
was  the  confummation  of  it ;  and  that  this  aft,  in  regard 
to  the  fubjeft,  who  to  the  apprehenfion  of  all  that  faw 
him,  was  more  fit  to  be  kept  in  his  bed,  than  to  be  haled 
to  correftion,  was  apparently  unlaxvful.  As  in  cafe  a 
man  had .  .a  Servant  fick  in  bed  of  the  frnall  pox  newly 
come  forth,  and  that  his  mafler  knowing  and  feeing  thefe 
upon  his  body  fhould,  againft  the  physician's  advice,  hale 
him  forth  of  his  bed  into  the  open  air  in  frofty  weather, 
upon  pretence  that  he  might  eafe  nature  &c.  this  aft  in 
regard  of  the  (late  of  the  fubjeft,  were  utterly  un- 
lawful, and  if  the  fervant  {hould  die  under  his  hand  &c. 
it  were  murder  in  him.  As  for  the  intention,  though 
prima  intentio  might  be  to  reform  him,  yet  fure  proximo 
intentio  was  evil,  becaufe  it  arofe  from  diftem per  of  paf- 
fion  ;  and  if  a  man  in  a  fudden  paflfian  kill  his  dear  friend 
or  child,  it  is  murder,  though  his  prima  intentio  were  to 
inftruft  oradmonifh  him  :  and  in  fome  cafes  where  there 
appears  no  intention  to  hurt,  as  where  a  man  knowing 
his  ox  to  have  ufed  to  pufh,  fhall  not  keep  him  in,  fo  as 
he  kills  a  man,  he  was  to  die  for  it.  though  fo  keep  an  ox 
were  a  lawful  aft,  and  he  did  not  intend  hurt,  but  bccaufe 
he  did  not  what  he  reafonably  ought  to  prevent  c^c, 
therefore  he  was  a  murderer  .-—And  that  in  Exodus 


^8  GOVERNOR    W  I  NTH  R  O  F'» 

1644.  if  a  mafter  flrike  his  fervant  with  a  rod,  which  is  a  law* 
ful  aftion,  and  he  die  under  his  hand  (as  this  fervant  did) 
he  was  to  die  for  it :— And  that  in  Deut.  if  a  man 

ftrike  with    a   weapon   or   with  his  hand,  or  any    thing 
wherewith  he  may  die,  and  he  die,  he  is  a  murderer,— 
{hews  plainly,  that  let  the  means  be  what  it  may,  if  it  be 
voluntarily  applied  to  an  evil  intent,    it   is  murder;  ac- 
cording to  that  judgment  given  againft  her  that 
fave  a  potion  to  one  to  procure  his  love,  and  it  killed 
im,  it  was  adjudged  murder. 

All  the  magiftrates  feeming  to  be  fatisfiedupon  this  con- 
ference, warrant  was  figned  by  the  Governor  for  his  ex- 
ecution a  week  after :  which  was  not  approved  by  fome 
in  regard  of  his  reprieval  to  the  next  court  of  affiftants, 
but  it  was  without  any  good  reafon  :  for  a  condemned 
man  is  in  the  power  of  the  magiftrate  to  be  executed 
when  he  pleafe,  and  the  reprieval  was  no  ftipulation  or 
covenant  with  him,  but  a  determination  among  the  mag- 
iftrates for  the  fatisfa&ion  of  fome  who  were  doubtful, 
which  fatisfaclion  being  attained,  currat  kx  <&c.  Pro.  22. 
JJe  (hall  go  to  the  pit,  let  no  man  hinder  him. 

This  man  had  been  admitted  into  the  church  of  Rox- 
bury  about  a  month  before,  and  upon  this  he  was  caft 
out  ;  but  the  church  in  companion  to  his  foul,  after  his 
condemnation,  procured  licence  for  him  to  come  to  Rox- 
bury,  intending  to  receive  him  in  again  before  he  died,  if 
they  might  find  him  truly  penitent.  But  tho'  prefently 
after  his  condemnation  he  judged  himfelf,  and  juftified 
God  and  the  court,  yet  then  he  quarrelled  with  the  wit- 
neffes,  and  juftified  himfelf,  and  fo  continued  even  to  his 
execution,  profefling  affurance  of  falvation,  and  that  God 
would  never  lay  the  boy  his  death  to  his  charge,  but  the 
guilt  of  his  blood  would  lie  upon  the  country.  Only  a 
little  before  he  was  turned  off  theladder,he  feemed  to  ap- 
prehend fome  hardnefs  of  heart  that  he  could  not  fee  him- 
felf guilty  of  that  which  others  did. 

A  fourth  matter  then  in  confideration  was  upon  a 
fpeech  which  the  Governor  made  to  this  effeft,  viz.  i. 
That  he  could  not  but  bewail  the  great  differences  and 
jarrings  which  were  upon  all  occafions,  among  the  magif- 
trates, and  between  them  and  the  deputies — that  the 
ground  of  this  was  jealoufies  and  mifreports  ;  and  there- 
upon fome  elders  fiding  &c.but  not  dealing  with  any  of 
them  in  a  way  of  God;  but  hearing  them  reproached 
and  palling  it  in  filence  :  alfo  their  authority  queftioned, 
as  if  they  had  none  out  of  court  but  what  mult  be  grant- 


JOURNAL. 

pd  them  by  commiffion  from  the  general  court  &c.— and 
the  way  to  redreis  hereof  was.  that  the  place  and  power 
of  magiftrates  and  deputies  might  be  known  ;  and  io  the 
elders  were  defired  (which  they  willingly  aflented  to)  to 
be  mediators  of  a  thorough  reconciliation,  and  to  go  a- 
fcout  it  prefently,  and  to  meet  at  Bofton  two  or  three  da^s 
before  the  next  court  to  perfect  the  fame.  But  indeed 
the  magiftrates  did  all  agree  very  well  together  except 
two  only,  viz.  Mr.  Bellingham  and  Mr.  Saltonftall,  who 
took  part  with  the  deputies  againft  the  other  ten  magif- 
trates about  their  power,  and  in  other  cafes  where  any 
difference  was.  And  fome  of  the  elders  had  done  no 
good  offices  in  this  matter  thro*  their  mifapprehenfions 
both  of  the  intentions  of  the  magiftrates,  and  alfo  of  the 
matters  ihfmfelves,  being  affairs  of  ftate,  which  did  not 
belong  to  their  calling. 

The  merchants  which  had  to  do  with  the  goods  in  the 
fhip  which  was  feized  by  Capt.  Stagg,  being  defirous  to 
do  their  utmoft  to  fave  their  principals  in  England  from 
damage,  knowing  them  to  be  honeft  men  and  faithful  to 
the  parliament,  intended  to  have  a  trial  at  law  about  it, 
and  procured  an  attachment  againft  the  captain  ;  but  they 
•were  difluaded  from  that  courie,  and  the  Deputy  fent  for 
Capt.  Stagg  and  acquainted  him  with  it,  and  took  his 
word  for  his  appearance  at  the  next  court  which  was 
called  of  purpofe.  When  the  Governor  and  fix  other  of 
the  magiftrates  were  met  (for  the  Governor  did  not  fend 
for  fuch  as  dwelt  far  off)  and  the  jury,  the  merchants 
were  purfuaded  not  to  put  it  to  a  jury,  for  the  jury  could 
find  no  more  but  the  matter  of  faft,  viz.  whofe  the  goods 
were,  whether  the  merchants  in  England  or  theirs  who 
{hipped  them,  in  regard  they  had  not  yet  made  any  con- 
fignment  of  them,  nor  taken  any  bills  of  lading  :  and  this 
the  magiftrates  could  as  well  determine  upon  proof,  and 
certify  accordingly  :  for  it  was  refolved  not  to  ufe  any 
force  againft  the  parliament's  authority  ;  and.  according- 
ly they  certified  the  Lord  Admiral  qf  the  true  ftate  of  the 
cafe  as  they  found  it  upon  examination  and  oath  of  the 
factors. 

The  pinnace  which  went  to  Delaware  upon  difcovery 
returned  with  lofs  of  their  voyage.  The  occafion  was, 
the  Dutch  Governor  made  a  proteft  againft  them,  yd 
promifed  them  leave  to  pafs  &c.  provided  they  lliould 
not  trade  with  the  indians  :  alfo  the  Swedifh  Governor 
gave  them  leave  to  pafs,  but  would  not  permit  them  to 

trade. 


33o  GOVERNOR    WIN  THRO  P's 

1644.  trade  ;  and  for  that  end  each  of  them  had  appointed  a 
pinnace  to  wait  upon  our  pinnace,  but  withal  the  mafter 
of  their  veflel  proved  fuch  a  drunken  fott,  and  fo  com- 
plied with  the  Dutch  and  Swedes  as  they  feared.  When 
they  fhould  have  left  the  veflfel  to  have  gone  up  to  the 
lake  in  a  fmall  boat,  he  would  in  his  drunkennefs  have 
betrayed  their  goods  &c.  to  the  Dutch,  whereupon  they 
gave  over  and  returned  home  ;  and  bringing  their  aftion 
againft  the  mafter  both  for  his  drunkennefs  and  denial  to 
proceed  as  they  required,  and  as  by  charter  party  he  was 
bound,  they  recovered  £200  of  him,  which  was  too  much, 
tho'  he  did  deal  badly  with  them,  for  it  was  very  "proba- 
ble they  could  not  have  proceeded. 

There  fell  out  a  troublefome  bufinefs  at  Bofton,  upon 
this  occafion.  There  arrived  here  a  Portugal  fhip  with 
fait,  having  in  it  two  englifhmen  only.  One  of  thefe hap- 
pened to  be  drunk  and  was  carried  to  his  lodging,  and 
the  conflable  (a  godly  man  and  zealous  againft  fuch  dif- 
orders)  hearing  of  it,  found  him  out,  being  upon  his  bed 
afleep,  fo  he  awaked  him,  and  bade  him  to  the  ftocks, 
there  being  no  magiftrate  at  home.  He  being  in  the  ftocks, 
one  of  La  Tour's  gentlemen  lifted  up  the  ftocks  and 
let  him  out.  The  conftable  hearing  of  it  went  to  the 
frenchman  (being  then  gone  and  quiet)  and  would  needs 
carrv  him  to  the  ftocks  ;  the  frenchman  offered  to  yield 
himfelf  to  go  to  prifon.  but  the  conftable  not  underftand- 
ing  his  language  preffsd  him  to  go  to  the  ftocks  :  the 
frenchman  refuted  and  drew  his  fword — with  that  com- 
pany came  in  and  difarmed  him,  and  carried  him  by  force 
to  the  ftocks,  but  foon  after  the  conftable  took  him  out 
and  carried  him  to  prifon,  and  prefently  after  took  him 
forth  again  and  delivered  him  to  La  Tour.  Much  tu- 
mult there  was  about  this  :  many  frenchmen  were  in 
town,  and  other  ftrangers  which  were  not  fatisfied  with 
this  dealing  of  the  conftable,  yet  were  quiet.  In  the 
morning  the  magiftrates  examined  the  caufe  and  fent  for 
La  Tour  who  was  milch  grieved  for  his  fervants  mifcar- 
riage,  and  alfo  for  the  difgrace  put  upon  him  (for  in. 
France  it  is  a  moft  ignominious  thing  to  be  laid  in  the 
ftocks)  but  yet  he  complained  notof  any  injury,  but  left 
him  wholly  to  the  magiftrates  to  do  with  him  what  they 
pleafed.  The  magiftrates  told  him  they  were  forry  to 
have  any  fuch  occafion  againft  any  of  his  fervants,  but 
they  muft  do  juftice,  and  therefore  they  muft  commit  him 
to  prifon  except  he  could  find  fureties  to  be  forth  coming, 

tq 


JOURNAL.  351 

t0  anfwer  <&c.  and  to  keep  the  peace.  La  Tour's  gentle- 
men offered  to  engage  themfelves  for  him.— They  aniwer- 
cd  they  might  not  take  fecurity  of  ftrangers  in  this 
cafe,  otherwife  they  would  have  defired  no  more  than 
La  Tour's  own  word.  Upon  this  two  englifhmen,  mem- 
bers of  the  church  of  Bofton,  ftanding  by,  offered  to  be 
his  fureties,  whereupon  he  was  bailed  'till  he  fliould  be 
called  for,  becaufe  La  Tour  was  not  like  to  ftay  'till  the 
court.  This  was  thought  too  much  favor  for  i'uch  an 
offence  by  many  of  the  common  people,  but  by  our  law' 
bail  could  not  be  denied  him,  and  befide  the  conftable 
was  the  oecafion  of  all  this  in  tranfgreffing  the  bounds  of 
his  office,  and  that  in  fix  things,  i.  in  fetching  a  man 
out  of  his  lodging  that  was  afleeep  upon  his  bed  and  with- 
out any  warrant  from  authority,  a.  In  not  getting  a 
hook  upon  the  ftocks,  nor  fctting  fome  to  guard  them. 
3.  In  laying  hands  upon  the  Frenchman  that  had  open- 
ed the  ftocks  when  he  was  gone  and  quiet,  and  no  dif- 
turbanceof  the  peace  then  appearing.  4.  In  carrying 
him  to  prilon  without  warrant.  5.  In  delivering  him 
out  of  prifon  without  warant.  6.  In  putting  fuch  a  re- 
proach upon  a  ftranger  and  a  gentleman,  when  there  was 
no  need,  for  he  knew  he  would  be  forthcoming,  and  the 
magiftrate  would  be  at  home  that  evening  :  but  fuch  are 
the  fruits  of  ignorant  and  mifguided  zeal.  It  might  have 
coft  much  blood  and  no  good  done  by  it,  and  juftice 
might  have  had  a  more  fair  and  fafe  way,  if  the  confta- 
ble  had  kept  within  his  own  bounds,  and  had  not  inter- 
fered upon  the  authority  of  the  magiftrate.  But  the  mag- 
iftrates  thought  not  convenient  to  lay  thefe  things  to  the 
Conftables  charge  before  the  affembly,  but  rather  to  ad- 
monifh  him  for  it  in  private  left  they  fhould  have  difcou- 
raged  and  difcountcnanced  an  honcft  officer,  and  given 
occanon  to  the  offenders  and  their  abettors  to  infult  over 
him.  The  conftable  may  re  drain,  and  if*  need  be,  impri- 
fon  in  the  flocks,  fuch  as  he  fees  difturbing  the  peace,  but 
when  the  affray  is  ended  and  the  parties  departed  and  in 
quiet,  it  is  the  office  of  the  magiftrate  to  make  inquiry 
and  to  punifh  it,  and  the  perfons  fo  wrongfully  impri- 
fonedby  the  conftable  might  have  had  their  *&ion  of 
falfe  imprifonment  againft  him. 

About  9  in  the   evening  there  fell  a  great  flame  of  fire    (6)  s6« 
down  into  the  water  towards  Pullen  point ;  it  lighted  the 
air  far  about  :  it  was  no  lightning,  for  the  fky  was  very 
dear, 

AC 


35* 


GOVERNOR    W I  NTH  R  OP's 


1644.  At  Stamford  an  indian  came  into  a  poor  man's  houfe, 
— v '  none  being  at  home  but  the  wife,  and  a  child  in  the  cra- 
dle, and  takng  up  a  lathing  hammer  as  if  he  would  have 
bought  it,th<?  woman  (looping  down  to  take  her  child  out 
of  the  cradle,  he  ft  ruck  her  with  the  (harp  edge  upon  the 
fide  of  her  head,  wherewith  {he  Tell  down,  and  then  hb 
gave  her  two  cuts  more  which  pierqed  into  her  brains, 
and  fo  left  her  for  dead,  carrying  away  fome  deaths 
which  lay  at  hand.  This  woman  after  a  fhort  time  came 
to  herfelf  and  got  out  to  a  neighbours  houfe,  and  told 
what  had  been  done  to  her  and  dcfcribed  the  indian  by 
his  perfon  and  cloaths  &c.  Whereupon  many  indians 
of  thofe  parts  were  brought  before  her,  and  fhe  charged 
one  of  them  confidently  to  be  the  man,  whereupon  he 
was  put  i»  prifon  with  intent  to  have  put  him  to  deathj 
but  he  efcaped,  and  the  woman  recovered,  but  loft  her 
fenfes.  A  good  time  after  the  indians  brought  another 
indian  whom  they  charged  to  have  committed  that  fac\ 
and  he,  upon  examination  confefled  it,  and  gave  the 
reafon  thereof,  and  brought  forth  fome  of  the  cloaths 
which  he  had  ftolen.  Upon  this  the  magiftrates  of  New- 
Haven  taking  advice  of  the  elder*  in  thofe  parts,  and 
fome  here,  did  put  him  to  death.  The  executioner 
would  ftrike  off  his  head  with  a  falchion,  but  he  had  eight 
blows  at  it  before  he  could  effeft  it,  and  the  indian  fat  up- 
right and  ftirred  not  all  the  time, 

(7)  7.  Here  came  a  pinnace  from  Virginia  with  letters  from 
the  Governor  and  Council  there  for  -procuring  powder 
and  fhot  to  profecute  their  war  againft  the  indians,  butw« 
were  weakly  provided  ourfelves,  and  fo  could  not  afford 
them  any  help  in  that  kind. 

€)  Mr.  La  Tour  departed  from  Bofton  ;  all  our  train 
bands  (it  being  then  the  ordinary  training  day)  made  a 
guard  for  him  to  his  boat  ;  and  the  Deputy  Governor  and 
many  others  accompanied  him  to  the  wharf.  When  he 
was  aboard  his  bark  he  weighed  and  fet  fail  and  fhot  off 
all  his  guns,  which  were  fix,  and  our  fmall  fhot  gave  him 
a  volley  and  one  piece  of  ordonance,  and  all  the  fhips, 
viz.  four,  faluted  him,  each  of  them  with  three  pieces. 

At  the  court  of  afliftants,  Thomas  Morton  was  called 
forth  prefently  after  the  lefture,  that  the  country  might 
be  fatisfied  of  thejuftice  of  our  proceeding  againft  him. 
There  was  laid  to  his  charge  his  complaint  againft  us  at 
the  council  board,  which  he  denied,  then  we  produced  the 
copy  of  the  bill  exhibited  by  Sir  Chriftopher  Gardiner  &c. 

where- 


JOURNAL. 

wherein  we  were  charged  with  treafoh,  rebellion  &c. 
wherein  he  was  named  as  a  party  or  witrefs.  He  deni- 
ed that  he  had  any  hand  ih  the  information,  only  was 
called  as  a  witnefs.  To  convince  him  to  be  the  princi- 
pal party,  it  was  fhewed.  i.  That  Gardiner  had  no  oc- 
cafion  to  complain  againft  us,  for  he  was  kindly  ufed,  and 
difmiffed  in  peace,  profefling  much  engagement  For  the 
great  courtfey  h<6  found  here.  2.  Morton  had  fet  forth  a 
book  againft  us,  and  had  threatened  us,  and  had  profecut- 
ed  a  quo  warranto  againft  us,  which  he  did  riot  deny; 
$.  His  letter  was  produced  written  foon  after  to  Mr.  Jcf- 
fery  his  old  acquaintance  and  ihtimate  friend,  in  thefe 
Words; 

My  very  good  Gbflip, 

If  I  fhould   commend  myfelf  to  you,   you  reply  witH 
this  proverb  propria  laus  fondct  in  ore :  but  to  leave  im- 
pertinent falute,  and  really  to  proceed.— .You  fhall   here- 
by underftand  that  altho'  when  I  was  firft  fent  to  England 
to  make  complaint  againft  Ananias   arid  the   brethren,  I 
effefted  the  bufinefs  but  fuperficially  (thro1  the  brevity  of 
time)  I  have  at  this    tirne   taken   more   deliberation   and 
brought  the  matter  tb  a  better  pafs.  And  it  is  thus  brought 
abbut,  that  the  king  hath  taken  the  bufinefs  into  his  owri 
hands.     The  Maffachufetts  Patent,  by  order  of  the  coun? 
cil,  was  brought  in   view — the   privileges  there   granted 
well  {canned  upon  :  and  at  the  council  board  in  public, 
and  in  the  prefenCe  of  Sir  Richard   Saltonftall  and   the 
reft,  it  was  declared,  fbr  manifeft  abufes  there  difcoveredj 
to  be  void.     The  king  hath  reaffumed  the  whole  bufinefs 
into  his  own  hands— appointed  a  committee  of  the  board, 
and  given  order  for  a  general  government   of  the  whole 
territory  to  be  fent  over.     The  commiflibn  is  paffed   the 
privy  feal,  I  did  fee  it,  and  the   fame  was  idth  May  fent 
to  the  Lord  Keeper  to  have  it  pafs  the  great  feal  for  con- 
firmation ;  and  I  now  flay  to  return  with   the  Governor, 
by  whom  all  complainants  fhall  have  relief:  Sothatno^ 
Jonas  being  fet  afnore  may  fafely  cry— Repent  you  cruel 
feperatifts,  Repent :  there  are  as  yet  but  40  days,  if  you 
vouchfafe  to -thunder,  the  Charter  and  kingdom  of  the 
feperatifts  will  fall  afunder.     Repent  you  cruel 
repent.     Thefe  things  have  happened,  and   I   fhall  fee 
(notwithstanding  their  boafting  and  falfe  alarms  in  the 
Maffachufetts  with  feigned  caufe  of  thanfgiving)   their 
mercilefs  cruelty  rewarded,  according  to  the  merit  of  the 
Y  y  fafti 


354 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP'4 


1644.      fa&,  with   condign  punifhment  for  coming  into 

part's  like  Sampfon's  foxes,  with  fire-brands  at  their  tails. 
The  king  and  council  are  really  poffefled  of  their  prepof- 
terous  loyalty  arid  irregular  proceedings  and  are  incenfed 
againfl  them  :  and  altho'  they  be  fo  opppofite  to  the  cath- 
olic opinions,  yet  they  will  be  compelled  to  perform 
them,  or  at  leaft  muft  fufFer  them  to  be  put  in  practice  to 
their  forrpw.  In  matter  of  reftitution  and  fatisfaftion, 
more  than  miftically,  it  rnuft  be  performed  vifibly,  and  in 
fuch'  fort  as  may  be  fubjeft  to  the  fenfes  in  a  very  lively 
image.  My  Lord  Canterbury  having,  with  my  Lord 
Privy  Seal,  caufed  all  Mr.  Craddock's  letters  to  be  view- 
ed, and  his  apology  in  particular  ;  for  the  brethren  here 
protefted  again  (I  him  and  Mr.  Humphry's,  that  they  were 
a  couple  of  impofterous  knaves  ;  fo  that  for  all  their 
great  friends,  they  departed  the  council  chamber  in  our 
view  with  a  pair  of  cold  fhoulders.  I  have  ftaid  long^ 
yet  have  not  loft  my  labour,  altho'  the  brethren  have 
found  their  hopes  fruftrated  j  fo  that  it  follows  by  con- 
fequence,  I  fhall  fee  my  defire  upon  mine  enemies  :  and 
if  Jo  :  Grant  had  not  betaken  him  to  flight  I  had  taught 
him  to  fing  damam  in  the  fleet  before  this  time,"  and  if  he 
return  before  I  depart,  he  will  pay  dear  for  his  prefump- 
tion  ;  for  here  he  finds  me  a  fecond  Perfeus.  I  have  un- 
cafed  Medufa's  head,  and  flruck  the  brethren  into  afton- 
ifhment.  They  find,  and  will  yet  more  to  their  fhame, 
that  they  abufe  the  word  and  are  to  blame  to  prefume  fo 
much — that  they  are  but  a  word  and  a  blow  to  them  that 
are  without.  Of  thefe  particulars  I  thought  good  by 
fo  convenient  a  meflenger,  to  give  you  notice,  left  you 
fliould  think  I  had  died  in  obfcurity,  as  the  brethren 
Vainly  intended  I  fhould,  and  bafely  praclifed,  abufmg 
juftice  by  their  finifter  practices,  as  by  the  whole  body  of 
the  committee,  una  VQCC,  it  was  concluded  to  be  done,  to 
the  dishonor  of  his  mafter.— And  as  for  Ratcliffe,  he  was 
comforted  by  their  lordfhips  with  the  cropping  of  Mr. 
Winthrop's  ears  :  which  (hews  what  opinion  is  held  a- 
mongft  them  of  K.  Winthrop  with  all  his  inventions  and 
his  Amfterdam  fantaftical  ordinances — his  preachings, 
marriages  and  other  abufive  ceremonies,  which  do  ex- 
emplify his  deteftation  to  the  church  of  England,  and  the 
contempt  ol  his  mafter's  authority  and  wholeibme  laws 
which  are  and  will  be  eftablifhed  in  thefe  parts  invita 
Minerva.  With  thefe  I  thought  fit  to  falute  you  as  a 

friend 


JOURNAL.  355 

friend,  by  an  epiftle,  becaufe  I  am  bound  to  love  you,  as      1644. 

a  brother,  by  the  gofpel — refting  your  loving  friend,  v v— — ' 

THOMAS  MORTON. 

Dated  i  mo.  May  1634. 

The  patent  was  called  for  An.  1634.  by  order  of  council. 

Having  been  kept  in  prifon  about  a  year,  in  expefta- 
tion  of  further  evidence  out  of  England,  he  was  again 
called  before  the  court,  and  after  foirie  debate  what  to  do 
with  him,  he  was  fined  £IQQ — and  fet  at  liberty.  ,  He 
was  a  charge  to  the  country,  for  he  had  nothing,  and  we 
tho't  not  fit  to  inflift  corporeal  punifhment  upon  him,  be- 
ing old  and  crazy,  but  thought  bettertd  fine  him  and  give 
him  his  liberty,  as  if  it  had  been  to  procure  his  fine,  but 
indeed  to  leave  him  opportunity  to  go  out  of  the  jurifdic- 
tion,  as  he  did  foon  after,  and  he  went  to  Acomenticus,  *.  'i 

and  living  there  poor  and  defpifed,  he  died  within  two 
years  after. 

Hevc  arrived  a fhip  from  Dartmouth,  fhe  was  imp.refled  (7)  16. 
into  the  king's  fervice,  and  fent  to  fea  in  the  Earl  of 
Marlborough's  fleet,  but  fhe  left  the  fleet  and  took  in 
wine  and  fait  at  the  S.  Iflands  and  went  to  Virginia, 
'where  he  left  his  merchants  and  divers  fof  his  men,  and 
not  putting  off  his  goods  there  he  came  to  Bofton,  where 
the  London  fhip,  Capt.  Balye  commander,  having  com- 
miflion  from  the  parliament,  would  have  taken  him,  but 
he  flood  upon  his  defence,  and  was  able  to  keep  his  Ihip 
againfl  the  other.  But  another  queftion  arofe  about  her 
upon  this-occafion — Our  merchants  of  Bofton  had  let  out 
a  fmall  fhip  worth  ^1500 — which  being  trading  in  Wales 
was  taken  by  the  king's  fhips,  whereupon  the  merchants 
defired  leave  to  feize  this  {hip  for  their  fatisfaciion — on 
the  other  fide,  the  mafter  being  come  under  our  com- 
mand, defired  our  protection.  Our  anfwer  was,  that  if 
he  would  deliver  his  failors  on  fhore  we  would  prole& 
him  'till  the  court  &c.  See  more  next  leaf. 

The  lady  La  Tonr  arrived  here  from  London  in  a  fhip  17 
commanded  by  Capt  Baylye.  They  had  been  fix  months 
from  London,  having  fpent  their  time  in  trading  about 
Canada  £c.  They  met  with  D'Aulnay  near  Cape  Sable, 
and  lold  him  they  were  bound  for  the  Bay,  and  had  (low- 
ed the  lady  and  her  people  under  hatches",  fo  he  not 
knowing  it  was  Capt.  Baylye,  whom  he  erneftly  foughtfor 
to  have  taken  or  funk  him,  he  wrote  by  the  mafter  to  the 
Dep.  Governor  to  this  effcft — Thaf:his  matter  the  king 
of  France  underftanding  that  the  aid  La  Tour  had  here 

the 


356  GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1644.  the  Jaft  year  was  upon  the  commiffion  he  fhewed  from 
the  Vice  Admiral  of  France,  gave  him  in  charge  not  to 
moleit  us  for  it,  but  to  hold  all  good  correfpondency  with 
us  and  all  the  Bnglifh,  which  he  profeffed  he  was  defir- 
ous  of  fo  far  as  might  (land  with  his  duty  to  his  matter, 
and  withal  that  he  intended  to  lend  to  us  fo  foon  as  he 
Jia^d  fettled  his  affairs,  to  let  us  know  what  '"further 
commifliqn  he  had,  and  his  fmcerity  in  the  bufinefs  of 
La  Tour  &c. 

Jiere  arrived  alfo  Mr.  Roger  Williams  of  Providence, 
tnd  with  him  two  or  three  families.  He  brought  with 
him  a  letter  from  divers  lords  and  others  of  the  parlia- 
jnent,  the  copy  whereof  enfueth. 

Our  muck  honored  friends. 

Taking  notice,  lome  of  us  of  long  time,  of  Mr.  Roger 
^Villiams  his  good  affe&ions  and  confcience.  and  of  his 
(ufferings  by  our  common  enemies  and  oppreffors  of 
pod's  people  the  prelate:  as  alfo  of  his  great  induftry 
and  travail  in  his  printed  indian  labours  in  your  par^s, 
the  like  whereof  we  have  not  feen  extant  from  any  part  of 
Ameria,  and  in  which  refpe&  it  hath  pleafed  both  houfes 
of  parliament  freely  to  grant  unto  him  and  friends  with 
him,  a  free  and  absolute  characier  of  civil  govenment  for 
thefe  parts  of  his  abode  :  and  withal  forrowfully  refent- 
ing,  that  amongft  good  men  (our  friends)  driven  to  the 
ends  of  the  world,  exerciled  with  the  trials  of  a  wilder- 
nefs,  and  who  mutually  give  good  teftimony  each  of 
Other,  as  we  obferve  you  do  of  him,  and  he  abundantly 
of  you  ;  there  fhould  be  fuch  a  didance.  We  thought  it 
fit  upon  divers  confideratipns,  to  profefs  our  great  defires 
of  both  your  utmoft  endeavours  of  nearer  cloftng,  and  of 
ready  exprefjing  of  thofe  good  affections,  which  we  per- 
ceive you  bear  each  to  other,  in  the  aciual  performance 
of  all  friendly  offices  ;  the  rather  becaufe  of  thofe  bad 
neighbours  you  are  like  to  find  too  near  unto  you  in 
Virginia,  and  the  unfriendly  vifits  from  the  Weft  of 
England  and  from  Ireland  :  that  howfoever  it  may  pleafe 
the  Moft  High  to  fhake  our  foundations,  yet  the  report  of 
your  peaceable  and  profperous  plantations  may  be  fpm? 
refrelhing  to 

Your  true  and  faithful  friends 
NORTHUMBERLAND,         P.   WHARTON, 
Ro.  HARLYE,  THOI.  BARRINGTON, 

WM.  MASH  AM,  Oa,  St.  JOHN, 


JOURNAL.  3 

Jo.  GORDON^  ISAAC    P«NNINCTON,      1644, 

»        COR.  HOLLAND,  GIL.  PYKERING,          ^  •   v— • 

J.  BLAKISTON,  MILES  CORBET. 

To  the  Right  Worjhipful  the  Governor  and  Affiants  and 
the  reft  of  our  worthy  friends  in  the  plantation  of  Majfa- 
chufetts  Bay,  in  New- England. 

Two  churches  were  appointed  to  be  gathered,  one  at 
Haverill  and  the  other  at  Andover,  both  upon  Merrimack 
river.  They  had  given  notice  thereof  to  the  magiftrates 
and  elders  who  delired,  in  regard  of  their  far  remotenefs 
and  fcarcity  ofhoufing  there,  the  meeting  might  beat  < 
Rowley,  which  they  avfented  unto,  but  being  atlembled, 
moft  of  thofe  who  were  to  join,  refufed  to  declare  how 
God  had  carried  on  the  work  of  his  grace  in  them,  upon 
this  reafon,  becauie  they  had  declared  it  formerly  in  their 
admiflion  into  other  churches  ;  whereupon  the  affembly 
brake  up  without  proceeding  &c. 

The  Governor  and  other  of  the  magiftrates  met  at  Bof- 
ton  upon  two  fpecial  occafions  ;  the  one  was  for  trial  of 
an  a&ion  between  the  Lady  La  Tour  and  Capt.  Baylye 
for  not  carrying  her  &c.  to  her  own  place,  and  for  fome 
injuries  done  her  aboard  his  fhip.  See  more  after. 

The  other  was  upon  the  requeft  of  fome  merchants  of  Bof- 
ton,  who  having  a  fhip  taken  in  Wales  by  the  king's  par- 
ty, defired  recompence  by  a  (hip  of  Dartmouth  riding  in 
our  harbour  ;  whereupon  we  fent  for  the  mafter  of  the 
Dartmouth  fhip,  who  delivered  his  (hip  into  our  hands 
'till  the  caufe  fhould  be  tried,  which  he  did  the  more 
willingly,  for  that  fome  London  {hips  of  greater  force 
riding  alfo  in  our  harbour,  had  threatened  to  take  him; 
and  the  next  morning  Capt.  Richardfon  (having  commif- 
fion  from  the  Lord  Admiral)  fitted  his  fhip  to  take  her, 
notwithstanding  that  he  had  been  forbidden  over  night 
by  the  Dep.  Governor  to  meddle  with  her,  being  under 
our  protection,  and  lying  fo  before  Bofton  as  their  fhot 
mull  needs  do  harm.  Whereupon  the  Governor  and  the 
other  magiftrates  (fetting  then  in  court)  arofe  and  went  to 
take  order  about  it,  and  having  over  night  given  commif- 
fion  to  fome  to  make  feizure  of  the  Dartmouth  fhip,  they 
went  aboard  her  with  their  commiflion*  and  an  officer  " 
was  fent  with  warrant  to  ftay  Capt.  Richardfon,  but  he 
being  then  come  to  anchor  clofe  by  the  other  fhip,  he 
could  not  (or  would  not)  ftay,  but  fuffered  his  men  to  en- 
ter the  other  fhip,  and  the  mafter  coming  aboard  him  at 

his 


GOVERNOR    WINTHRO  P't 

1644.  hi sjeque ft,  4ic  detained  him  prisoner:  whereupon  the 
Governor  &c.  fent  two  other  matters  of  (hips  to  him  to 
command  him  afbore,  but  he  feeing  his  men  fo  unruly, 
and  fearing  they  would  fall  to  fight  or  pillage  in  his  ab- 
icene  (as  he  after  told  us)  excufed  himfelf  for  not  coming 
upon  that  command.  Upon  which  fire  was  given  to  a 
warning  piece  from  the  battery,  which  cut  a  rope  in  the 
head  of  his  fhip  :  and  upon  that  one  of  his  men,  without 
any  command,  ran  down  haftily  to  fire  upon  our  battery ; 
but  it  pleafed  God  that  he  hurt  himfelf  in  the  way,  and  fo 
was  notable  to  go  on.  A  ftranger  alfo  (unbidden)  gave 
fire  to  another  piece  on  the  battery  which  was  levelled 
at  the  bow  of  his  fhip,  but  it  ftruck  againft  the  head  of  a 
bolt  in  the  cut-water  of  the  Dartmouth  (hip,  and  went  no 
further;  Then  we  fent  40  men  armed  aboard  the  Dart- 
mouth fhip,  and  upon  that  Capt.  Richardfon  came  afhore 
and  acknowledged  his  error,  and  his  forrow  for  what  he 
had  done,  yet  with  alledging  fome  reafonsfor  his  excufe  : 
lo  we  only  ordered  him  to  pay  a  barrel  of  powder,  and 
to  fatisfy  the  officers  and  foldiers  we  had  employ- 
ed &c.  and  difmifled  him.  The  reafon  was;  be- 
caufe  (thro'  the  Lord's  fpecial  providence)  there  was  no 
hurt  done,  nor  had  he  made  one  (hot  ;  for  if  he  had,  we 
xvere  refolved  to  have  taken  or  funk  him,  which  we 
might  eafily  have  done,  lying  clofe  under  our  battery,  fo 
as  we  could  have  played  upon  him  with  whole  culverin 
or  demi  culverin  fix  hours  together,  nor  had  he  yet  (hew- 
ed to  us  or  to  the  mafter  of  the  Dartmouth  fhip,  any  com- 
miflion  :  but  after,  he  fliewed  only  an  ordinary  commif- 
fion  from  the  Lord  Admiral,  not  under  the  great  feal,  nor 
grounded  upon  any  ordinance  of  parliament  as  Capt. 
Stagg's  was  :  therefore  we  forbad  him  to  meddle  with 
any  fhip  in  our  harbour,  for  he  could  not  by  that  com- 
miflion  take  a  fhip  in  any  place  exempt  from  the  Admi- 
ral's jurifdi£lion.  Having  thus  feized  this  fhip  we  were 
to  confult  what  to  do  with  her.  Upon  examination  we 
found  that  the  mafter  and  company  were  Dartmouth 
men,  and  that  the  fhip  had  formerly  been  employed  in 
the  parliaments  fervife,  but  Dartmouth  being  taken  by 
the  king,  fhe  had  been  employed  for  taking  a  veffel  or  two 
of  the  parliaments  under  the  fame  mafter,  but  a  captain 
put  over  him,  and  many  foldiers,  and  was  fince  fold  to 

a  merchant  of  P Ifland,  and  by  his  agent  fent  forth 

upon  merchant   affairs   to  divers  places,  and  to  repair  at 
laft  to  St.  Mailoes  in  France  where  the  agent  dwelt,  who 

was 


JOURNAL. 

was  an  englifhman  and  had  ufed  to  trade  at  Dartmouth,  1644,, 
whofe  letter  of  advice  and  the  bill  of  iale  of  the  {hip  were 
produced  by  the  matter.  It  appeared  further  to  us,  that 
Dartmouth  had  been  cordial  to  the  parliament,  and  ftood 
put  feven  days  againft  12,000  men  ;  and  after  it  was  fur* 
rendered  did  generally  refufe  to  take  the  oath  to  the  king, 
and  the  matter  among  others,  and  that  they  had  many 
better  fhips  there  which  lay  ftill  at  home,  and  fuch  as  they 
fent  forth  they  were  not  }o  come  home  but, by  advice* 
Yet  it  appeared  after  by  divers  teftimoriies,  that  fhe  ber 
longed  to  Dartmouth,  and  the  charter  .party  alfo,  and  that 
the  mafter  was  part  owner.  Divers  of  the  elders  being 
called  in  for  advice,  agreed  (near  all)  that  fhe  might  be 
feized  to  fatisfy  for  our  two  Ihips  which  the  king's  party 
had  taken  from  us,  and  accordingly  commiflion  was  giv- 
en by  the  Governor  and  Council  to  the  merchant  to  feize 
and  ufe  her,  giving  fecurity  to  be  refponfible  arid £$>  peif 
100  if  ihe  fhouid  be  lawfully  recovered  within  13  months, 
but  the  company  to  have  their  wages  and  goods. 

While  the  Governor  and  other  of  the  magiftrates  were 
at  Bofton,  a  boat  fent  from  Mr.  D'Aulnay  with  ten  men 
arrived  at  Salem,  hearing  that  the  Governor  dwelt  theref 
There  was  in  her  one  Marie,  fuppofed  to  be  a  fryar,  but 
habited  like  a  gentleman.  He  wrote  a  letter  to  our  Gov- 
ernor by  a  gentleman  of  his  company  to  know  where  he 
fhouid  attend  him  :  and  upon  our  Governor's  anfwer  tcx 
him,  he  came  the  next  day  to  Bofton,  and  with  letters  of 
credence  and  commifiion  from  Mr.  D'Aulnay  ;  he  {hew- 
ed us  the  king  of  France  his  commiflion  under  the  g'-eat 
feal  of  France,  with  the  privy  feal  annexed,  wherein  the 
proceedings  againft  La  Tour  were  verified,  and  he  con- 
demned as  a  rebel  and  traitor  &c.  with  command  for  the 
apprehenfion  of  himfelf  and  lady,  who  had  fled  out  of 
France  againft  fpecial  order,  under  &c.  He  complained 
alfo  of  the  wrong  done  by  our  men  the  year  in  aflifting  of 
La  Tour  &c.  and  profered  terms  of  peace  and  amity. 
We  anfwered  to  the  i.  That  divers  of  the  {hips  and  moft 
of  the  men  were  ftrangers  to  us,  and  had  no  commiflion 
from  us,  nor  any  permiflion  to  ufe  any  hoftility,  and  we 
were  very  forry  when  we  heard  what  had  been  done  : 
this  gave  him  fatis  faction.  To  the  other  propoGtion  we 
anfwered,  that  we  could  not  conclude  any  league  with 
him,  without  the  advice  of  the  commiflionei  s  of  the  unit- 
ed colonies  ;  but  if  he  would  fet  down  his  propositions 
in  writing,  we  would  confider  further  of  them  :  and  with- 
al 


>  GOVERNOR    WINTHkOP's 

644.  al  we  acqainted  him  with  what  we  had  lately  written  to 
Mr.  D'Aulnay,  and  the  injuries  we  had  complained  of 
to  him,  fo  he  withdrew  himltlf  to  his  lodging  at  Mr.  Fow- 
ler's, and  drew  out  both  his  proportions  and  anfwers  to 
our  complaints,  in  French,  and  returned  to  us.  He  add- 
ed two  propfitions  more,  one  that  we  would  aid  him  a- 
gainft  La  Tour,  and  the  other  that  we  would  not  a  (lift 
him,  and  gave  reafonable  anfwer  to  our  dt  marids.  Upon 
thefe  things  we  difcourfed  half  the  day, — ft  metimes  with 
our  Governor  in  french  and  otherwriile  with  the  reft  of 
the  magiftrates  in  latin.  We  urged  much  for  a  recon- 
ciliation with  La  Tour,  and  that  he  would  permit  his  lady 
to  go  to  her  hufband.  His  anfwer  was,  thai  if  1  a  Tour 
would  voluntary  fubmit  and  come  in,  he  would  affure 
him  his  life  and  liberty,  but  if  he  were  taken  he  were  fure 
to  lofe  his  head  iri  France  ;  and  for  his  lady,  fhe  was 
known  to  be  the  caufe  of  his  contempt  and  rebellion, 
and  therefore  they  could  not  let  her  go  to  him,  but  if 
we  (hould  fend  her  in  any  of  our  veffels  he  muft  take  her, 
and  if  we  carried  any  goods  to  La  Tour  he  would  take 
them  alfo,  but  he  would  give  us  fatisfc.£Uon  for  them.  In 
the  end  we  came  to  this  agreement,  which  was  drawn  up 
in  latin  in  thefe  words,v«md  figned  by  the  Governor  and 
fix  other  magiftrates  arid  Mr.  Marie,  whereof  one  copy 
we  kept  and  the  other  he  carried  with  him.  He  came  to 
Bofton  the  6  day  very  late,  and  made  great  hafte  away, 
fo  he  departed  on  the  3  day  following.  We  fufnifhed 
him  with  horfes  andfent  him  to  Salem  well  accompanied, 
and  offered  him  a  bark  to  carry  him  home,  but  he  refufed 
it.  We  entertained  him  with  all  courteous  refpeft,  and 
he  feemed  to  be  furprized  with  his  unexpected  entertain- 
rnent,and  gave  a  very  liberal  teftimony  of  his  kind  accept- 
ance Jhereof  and  affurance  of  Mr.  D'Aulnay's  engage- 
ment to  us  for  it.  The  agreement  between  us  was  this. 

The  agreement  between  Jo:  Endicot,  Efq.  Governor 
of  the  Maflachufetts  in  N.  England  and  the  reft  of  the 
magiftrates  there,  and  Mr.  Marie  commiflioner  of  Mr. 
D'Aulnay  knight,  Governor  and  Lieut.  General  of  his 
rnajefty  the  king  of  France  in  Acadie  a  province  of  N.  F. 
made  and  ratified  at  Bofton  in  the  Maffachufetts  aforefaid, 
8.  die  menfis  8.  An.  Dom.  1644. 

The  Governor  and  the  reft  of  the  magiftrates  do  pro- 
mife  to  Mr.  Marie  that  they  and  all  the  englifh  within 
the  jurifdiftion  of  the  Maflachufetts  aforefaid,  fhall  ob- 
lerve  and  keep  firm  peace  with  Mr,  D'Aulnay  &c.  and 


JOURNAL, 

til  the  french  under  his  command  in  Acadie  :  and  like- 
wife  the  faid  Mr.  Marie  doth  promife  for  Mr.  D'Aulnay, 
that  he  and  all  his  peogle  fhall  alfo  keep  firm  peace  with 
the  Governor  and  magiftrates  aforefaid,  and  with  all  tho 
inhabitants  of  the  jurifdi&ion  of  the  Maflachufetts  afore- 
faid ; — and  that  it  fhall  be  lawful  for  all  men,  both  french 
and  englifh  to  trade  each  with  other  :  fo  that  if  any  oc- 
cafion  of  offence  fhall  happen,  neither  party  fhall  attempt 
any  thing  againft  the  other  in  any  hoftile  manner  before 
the  wrong  be  firft  complained  of,  and  due  fatisfaciion  not 
given.  Provided  always,  the  Governor  and  magiftrates 
aforefaid  be  not  bound  to  reftrain  their  merchants  to 
trade  with  their  fhips  with  any  perfons,  either  french  or 
other,  wherefoever  they  dwell  :  provided  alfo,  that  the 
full  ratification  and  conclufion  of  this  agreement  be  re- 
ferred to  the  next  meeting  of  the  commiffioners  of  the 
united  colonies  of  N.  England,  for  the  continuation  or 
abrogation  of  the  fame  ;  and  in  the  mean  time  to  remain 
firm  and  inviolate.  By  this  agreement  we  Were  freed 
from  the  fear  our  people  were  in  that  Mr.  D'Aulnay 
Would  take  revenge  of  our  fmall  veflelsorout  plantations; 
for  the  harm  he  fuftained  by  our  means  the  laft  year  ;  and 
alfo  from  any  further  queftion  about  that  bufinefs.  We 
were  now  alfo  freed  from  as  great  a  fear  of  war  with  the 
Naraganfetts  ;  for  the  commiffioners  meeting  at  Hart- 
ford, fent  for  Onkus  and  fome  from  Naraganfett  (a  fa- 
chem  and  a  chief  captain  were  fent) :  and  whereas  the 
Naraganfett's  plea  againft  Onkus  was,  that  he  had  put 
their  fachem  to  death  after  he  had  received  a  ranfom  for 
his  life:  it  was  clearly  proved  otherwife,  and  that  the 
things  he  received  were  part  of  them  given  him  for  his 
courteous  ufage  of  the  faid  Miantonamoh  and  thofe  fa- 
chems  which  were  flain  in  the  battle,  and  another  part, 
that  Miantonamoh  might  be  delivered  to  the  englifh.  In 
the  end  it  was  agreed  by  all  parties  that  there  fhould  be 
peace  on  all  fides  till  planting  time  were  over  the  next 
year  ;  and  then  neither  of  them  fheuld  attempt  any  hof- 
tile aft  againft  the  other  without  firft  acquainting  the 
englifh  &c.  therewith. 

The  lady  La  Tour  being  arrived  her®,  cemmenced  her 
a£Uon  againft  Capt.  Baylye  and  the  merchant  (brother 
and  faftor  to  Alderman  Berkley  who  freighted  the  fhip) 
for  not  performing  the  charter  party,  having  fpent  fo 
much  time  upon  the  coaft  in  trading,  as  they  were  near 
fix  months  in  coming  and  had  not  carried  her  to  her  for*: 

Z    Z          -'•  33 


2  GOVERNOR    \VINTH-R  OP's 

644.  as  they  ought  and  might  have  done:  and  upon  a  full 
hearing  in  a  fpecial  court  four  days,  the  jury  gave  her 
^£2,000,  for  had  they  come  in  any  i  eaionable  time  it  might 
have  been  much  more  to  their  advantage  in  their  trade 
and  fafety  againft  D'Aulnay  :  whereas  now  it  was  like 
to  occation  their  utter  ruin  :  for  fhe  knew  not  how  to  get 
home  without  hiring  two  or  three  (hips  of  force. 

La  Tour,  and  a  veflel  of  ours  in  his  company  laden 
with  provifion,  went  hence  with  a  fair  wind,  which  if 
he  had  made  ufe  of,  he  had  met  with  D'Aulnay, — and  af- 
ter he  had  touched  at  divers  places  by  the  way,  and  ftaid 
there  fome  time,  he  pafled  by  Penobfcott  foon  after  D'- 
Aulnay was  gone  into  the  harbour,  and  foefcaped, where- 
as if  he  had  paffed  any  time  many  days  before,  he  muft 
needs  have  been  taken.  This  veflel  of  ours  in  her  return 
was  met  by  D'Aulnay,  who  flayed  her,  and  taking  the 
mafter  aboard  his  fhip,  manned  the  other  with  french- 
men, and  telling  the  mafter  his  intention,  and  affuring 
him  of  all:  good  ufage  and  recompence  for  the  flay  of  his 
veflel  (all  which  he  really  performed)  he  brought  her 
with  him  to  the  mouth  of  St.  John's  river  ;  and  then  her 
boat  with  one  gentleman  of  his  own  to  La  Tour  to  fhew 
his  commiflion,  and  withal  defired  the  mailer  to  write  to 
La  Tour  to  defire  him  to  difmifs  the  meffenger  fafely,  for 
otherwife  D'Aulnay  would  keep  him  for  hoflage  (yet  he 
aflured  him  he  would  not  do  it)  fo  La  Tour  diimiffed  the 
meifenger  in  peace,  which  he  profefied  he  would  not 
have  done  but  for  our  mafler's  fake. — D'Aulnay  carried 
our  catch  with  him  to  Port  Royal,  where  he  ufed  the  maf- 
ter very  courteoufly  and  gave  him  credit  for  fifh  &c.  he 
bought  of  him,  and  recompence  for  keeping  his  veflel  and 
fo  difmifled  him.  Prefently  after  their  return  we  fent  an- 
other  veflel  to  trade  with  D'Aulnay,  and  by  it  the  Dep. 
Governor  wrote  to  D'Aulnay  to  fhew  the  caufe  of  fend- 
ing her,  with  profeflion  of  our  defire  of  holding  good  cor- 
lefpondency  with  him  &c.  and  withal  perfuading  him  by 
divers  arguments  to  entertain  peace  with  La  Tour.  That 
veflel  found  courteous  entertainment  with  him,  and  he 
took  off  all  her  commodities,  but  not  at  fo  good  rates  as 
they  expe6led. 

The  lady  La  Tour  having  arrefled  the  captain  and  mer- 
chant of  the  fhip,  they  were  forced  to  deliver  their  cargoe 
on  fhore  to  free  their  perfons,  by  which  means  fhe  laid  her 
execution  upon  them  to  the  value  of^noo— More  could 

not 
*[&'<$• 


J    O    U     R    N     A     L.  363 

not  be  had  without  unfurnifhing  the  Chip,  which  muft  1644. 
have  been  by  force,  for  otherwife  the  mafter  and  feamen  L— v~«J 
would  deliver  none.  The  mafter  petitioned  the  general 
court  for  his  freight  and  wages,  for  which  the  goods  ftood 
bound  by  charter  party.  The  general  court  was  much 
divided  about  it,  but  the  major  part  voted  that  none  was 
due  her,  nor  the  goods  bound  for  them, — but  the  major 
part  of  the  deputies  being  of  another  judgment,  they  made 
ufe  of  their  negative  vote,  and  fo  nothing  was  ordered. 
Whereupon  the  mafter  brought  his  aftion  at  the  next 
court  of  afliftants  :  when  it  came  to  be  tried,  two  of  the 
afliftants  were  of  opinjon  that  it  ought  not  to  be  put  to 
trial  becaufe  the  general  court  had  the  hearing  and  voting 
of  it  :  but  it  was  anfwered  by  the  reft  (the  Governor  be- 
ing abfent)  that  feeing  the  general  court  had  made  no  or- 
der in  it,  this  court  might  hear  and  determine  it,  as  if  the 
general  court  had  never  taken  cognizance  pf  ft  ;  acc,pr- 
dingly  it  was  put  to  the  jury  upon  this  iffue — Whether 
the  goods  were  fecurity  for  the  freight  &c.  and  the  jury 
found  for  the  defendant,  and  yet  in  the  charter  party  the 
merchants  bound  themfelves,  their  executors  &c.  and 
goods,  as  the  owners  had  bound  their  {hip  &c.  to  the 
merchants.  This  bufinefs  caufed  much  trouble  and  charge- 
to  the  country,and  made  fome  difference  between  the  mer- 
chants of  Charleftown  (who  took  part  with  the  merchants 
and  mafter  of  the  fhip)  and  the  merchants  of  Bofton,who 
a  {lifted  the  lady  (fome  of  them  being  deeply  engaged  for 
La  Tour)  fo  as  offers  were  made  on  both  fides  for  an  end 
between  them.  Thofe  of  Charleftown  offered  fecurity 
for  the  goods,  if  upon  a  review  within  13  months  the 
judgment  were  not  reverfed,  or  the  parliament  in  Eng- 
lartd  did  not  call  the  caufe  before  themfelves.  This  laft 
claufe  was  very  ill  taken  by  the  court  as  making  way  for 
appeals  &c.  into  England,  which  was  not  referved  in  our 
charter.  The  other  offered  them  all  the  goods  fave  ^159 
to  defray  the  lady's  expences  in  town,  and  fecurity  for 
that,  if  the  judgment  was  reverfed,  fo  as  the  other  would 
not  give  fecurity  to  anfwer  the  whole  £z  ooo  if  the  judg- 
ment were  not  reverfed  &c.  The  parties  not  agreeing, 
the  lady  took  the  goods  and  hired  three  fhips  which  lay  (10)  8. 
in  the  harbour,  belonging  to  ftrangcrs,  which  coft  her 
near  £~8oo3  and  fet  fail  for  her  fort  :  and  the  merchants  a- 
gainft  whom  fhchad  execution  for  their  bodies  for  fatisfac- 
tion  of  the  reft  of  the  judgment  gat  into  their  fhip  and  fell 
down  beyond  the  Ciillle,(wherethey  were  out  of  command) 

and 


GOVERNOR    WINTHROP's 

1644.     and  took  aboard  fomo  thirty  paffengers,  and  fo  in  compa- 
ny of  one  of  our  own  fhips  which  carried  about  7opaffen«| 
$ers,they  fet  fail  for  London. 
a6        When  our  fhip   &c.  arrived  at  London, 

Berklye  arrefted  the  goods  of  two  of  the  pafTengers, 


CORRECTIONS. 

Page  35,  line  6,  for  Ludlow,  read  Dudley. 

Page  69,  line  8th  from  bot.  for  Calcourt,  read  Calvtrt» 

Page  76,  line  2t,  forfurni/k,  read  puni/h. 

Page  84,  line  16,  forfurnijh,  read  punijk. 


Page, 

SAILING  and  voyage,  of  the  Maflachufetti  company— •Arrival  at  Salem,  1—19. 

A  churrh  organized,                    .                    .                    .                    ••  20. 

Drinking  healths  difcouraged,                 -                 -                 •                   -  *O. 

Confutation  about  the  place  of  fettlement,  -  - 

A  court  held  at  Bofton,                               •             -                  -   .  <?           •  *5' 

A  general  court  and  choice  of  Governor,                 ••                  -                 -  »6. 

Letters  received  from  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges,                 .                 .  . 

Conference  at  Watertown  upon  an  erroneous  opinion,                 -                 -  28. 

The  Governor  walking  abroad,  loft  his  vray,                 -                 -                 -  ..         29. 

Arrival  of  the.  Governor's  wife,                  ....  30. 

Pifficulties  refpecling  Mr.* Brown's  errors,                 ...  31. 

The  people  at  vVatertown  called  to  account  for  refufing  to  pay  a  tax,             -  3». 

Courts  ordered  to  be  held  monthly,                  -                   -                         -  33* 

Mr.  Dudley's  resignation,  and  confequences,                  -                      -  33 — 34- 

Ele&ionof  Governor  and  Affiftants  new  modled,                    .                   -  36. 

Mr.  Dudley's  refignation  voted  void — his  re-acceptance,                  -  ,              36. 

Reprefentativs  from  towns  permitted,                                                        ^  ~  36. 

Strife  at  Watertown— Combat  of  the  monfe  and  fnake— Mr.  Wilfoa's  interpreta- 
tion—Mr. Dudley's  uneafmefs— Conference  upon  this  fubjecl,             -  -         3*. 

Church  at  Bofton  built,                 -                                                                  -  4Z* 

Mr.  Eliot  called  to  Roxbury •— Mr.  Brown  ofWatertown  difmifled,             -  45. 

Piracy  at  Pemaquid,                                                                                 -  4^« 

Settlement  of  the  Freneh  near  Cape  Sable,                 -                 .                 .  47. 

Mr.  Winflow  chofen  Governor  of  Plimouth,                 .                 .  47. 

Petition  of  Sir  Chriftopher  Gardener,  Sec.                 ...  49. 

Refufal  of  Dep.  Gov.  to  fubfcribe  the  anfwer  to  the  fame,                 -  -             52. 

Capt.  Stone  fined,                                                  -                         -  54- 

Trade  to  Connecticut  and  N.  York,                    -                     .  .54. 

A  trading  houfe  built  at  Hartford,                     -  55. 

Mr.  Cotton  chofen  teacher  at  Bofton,                     -                                      •  56. 

Regulation  of  prices,                 -  ',4'- K.                     "  57- 

Machi as  taken  by  the  French,                          -                         »  57. 

Capt.  Stone  and  his  party  cut  off  by  the  Indians,                 »  €o. 

Market  erected  at  fiofton,                                                  -  61. 

Firft  meeting  of  Deputies  in  place  of  the  Freemen,                 -  63. 

Quarrel  at  Pemaquid,  and  death  of  Hofkin,                      .  64. 

Newtowa  (Cambridge)  people  look  for  new  fettlement— Mr.  Dudley  chofen  Gov- 
ernor—New arrangement  of  Courts.  65. 

Acccounts  from  Bermuda— a  Scotchman  caft  out  the  devil,  66. 

Letters  received  from  Mr.  Livingftone,                      .                 .  6tf. 

Conference  refpe&ing  the  difpute  at  Pemaquid,  6/« 

Debates  in  General  Court  refpecling  the  removal  of  Newtown  people— Laws  made 

againft  fmoking  tobacco,                          -  70. 

Number  of  weekly  lectures  reduced  from  fonr  to  two,               .  71, 

Hichard  Davenport  arrefted  for  defacing  the  red  crofs  in  the  flag,  73. 

Proceedings  with  the  Pequod  Indians,  74. 

Origin  ofSeleftmgn  in  Bofton,                               -                              .  77. 

Opinion  of  the  Clergy  refpecTring  the  General  Governor, 

Mr  Haynes  chofen  Governor, 

Mr.  Endicott  queftioned  refpec"ring  the  crofs  in  the  enfign,  ST. 

Refolution  te  frame  abody  of  fundamental  Laws,  ?2. 

Newbury  fettled, 

A  bark,  fent  by  Mr.  R.  Saltonftall  to  plant  Connecticut-. -arrives, 

Pr occediiigs  with  Mr.  Williams  of  Salem, 


C    0    N    T    £    N    T    S. 

Page. 

Dorchefter  men  fettle  at  Connecticut,  -  -  *  86. 

Firftnrand  Tury,  -  -  -  -  86. 

Arrival  of  Mr.  John  Winthrop,  with  commiflion  to  plant  Connecticut,  .  88. 

Controverfy  with  Mr    Williams,  -  -  .  83. 

Difference  between  "*r.  Winthrop  and  Mr.  Dudley  adjufted,  «•  93—9*. 

Controvrfy  between  Mr.  Simes  and  his  congregation,  -  -  97.  "*• 

A  new  church  gathered  at  Dorchefter,  -  *  .-  98.* 

Magistrates  chofen  for  life,  *•  -  99« 

Troubles  with  Mr.  Williams,  -  -  -  99«  A 

Requeft  of  Mr.  Peters— 'Mr.  Vane  elected  Governor,  «  •  loo, 

Mr.  Hooker's  removal  to  Connecticut,  -  lea* 

Complaint  refpefting  the  king'*  colors,  -  -  *oi.  •. 

Relation  of  Mr.  Oldham's  death,  -  -  I°2- 

Expedition  againft  the  Indians,  ...  105,    V 

Miantonomoh  Sachem  of  Naraganfett  concludes  a  peace  with  the  colony,  109. 

Mrs.  Hutchinfon's  errors,  -  -  -  HI.  A   v 

A  church  gathered  at  1/ynn,  -  -  "3* 

D'Aulnr.y's  anfwer  to  the  Governor,  -  •  3I5« 

Cov.  Vane's  return  to  England,  -  -  "5- 

Diffraction  in  the  churches,  •  -  njA 

Decifion.  in  Gen.  Court  refp  cling  the  powers  of  the  court  in  ecclefiaftical  matters,      122,*      • 

Proceedings  with  refpecl  to  Mr.  Wheelwright,  -  •»  123. 

Mr.  Haynes  removes  to  Connecticut,  -  -  124. 

Application  from  Plimouth  refpe&ing  a  war  with  the  Pequods,  *  124, 

Mr.  Winthrop  elected  Governor— Serjeants  lay  down  their  Halberts,  .  126. 

Attack  and  defeat  of  the  Pequods,  -  -  129. 

Arrival  of  Mr.  Davenport,  Mr.  Eaton  and  Lord  Ley,  -  -  131, 

CommidSon  for  the  government  of  Gorges  province,  -  •  *32. 

Purfuit  of  the  Indians  to  Quinipiack  (N.  Haven)  «.  «  133, 

Synod  or  Aflembly  atNewtown,  -  -  137. 

Leafe  of  Charleftown  ferry  for  405.  a  year  rent,  -  -  142. 

Mr.  >4fpen wall  disfranchifed  and  banifhed,  -  »  M3«^ 

3ifmi<Iion  of  Mr.  Wheelwright,  »  '44»s 

Banifhing  of  Mrs.  Hutchinfon,  and  difarming  of  others,  -  144-k 

Seft'ement  at  Taunton,  -  «  147. 

Sequel  of  Mrs.  Hutchinfon's  erron,  -  -  147 — 148, 

Order  refpecting  the  fe"  tiers  at  Providence,  •  -  149. 

Committee  to  compile  a  body  of  laws,  «  •  I..9. 

Mr.  Davenport  and  Mr.  Eaton  fettle  at  N.  Haven,  -  -  151. 

Settlement  at  Yarmouth,  -  .  -  -  152. 

Mr.  Coddington  remo\ie  to  Rhode-Ifland  -  Mr.  Winthrop  re-elected  Governor  — 

Newtown  called  Cambridge,  -  355. 

Proceedings  refpecting  a  Quo  Warranto,  -  -  358.. 

•Capt.  TJnderhill's  petition  for  300  acres  of  land,  -  358. 

Parent  required  to  be  fenr  to  England,  -  -  i6r. 

.etter  from  Governor  to  Pifcataqua  fettlers  refpecting  limits  of  jurifdiction,  163- ' 
Difturbance* raifed  by  the  Devil,                                                                         366—167* 

Attempt  tocompromife  differences  between  Maflachufetts  and  Connecticut,  169. 

Priming  begun  at  Cambridge,  -          .  -  -  171. 

••Settlement  of  Salifbury  and  Hampton,  -  -  172. 

Difference  between  Maflachufetts  and  Pifcat.  -  -  173. 

Devil  deals  five  Indians  at  a  Pawwaw,  -  •  174. 

Mr.  Rogers  begun  a  Plantation,  -  -  175. 

Popular  jealoufies,  „  «  -  i75.Nv 


C    0    N    T    £    N    T    S. 

Page, 

Eaton's  cafe, 

Robert  Kaine  fined  for  taking  more  than  5x  pence  in  the  (hilling  profit, 
Rules  for  trading, 

New  church  erected  in  Bofton,  *9l> 
1  he  fettlers  at  Dover  place  themfclves  Under  the  jurifdiftion  of  MaiTachufeUs, 

butfoonrepent, 

Contention  between  the  Governor  and  Treafurer,                 »  i9x« 
taws  published, 

Cufioin  of  drinking  healths  abolished,                      -  J9  5* 

Proceedings  to  leffen  the  troubles  of  lectures,  J9°> 

Mr.  Kanferd  iCnolles  denied"  refidcnce  in  Maflachufetts,  197. 
Capt.  Underbill's  Confeffion, 

Deputation  to  Newport  on  religious  points,                                                    -  2t>o.*» 
Mr.  Chauncey  the  Baptift, 

Mr.  Dudley chofen  Governor,                               -  a°3' 

Linne  people  attempt  a  fettlement  at  Long-Ifland,  204, 
Mr.  Collins  and  Mr.  Hale  arrive, 

Mr.  'I  homa»  Gorge  arrives  with  eommiflion,  ao6. 

The  Mary  R  rfe  blown  up  in  Charlefton  River,  207. 

Capt.  Underhill's  humiliation,  209-. 

Mr.  Rogers  moves  the  court  to  enlarge  the  limits  of  Rowley,                   •  21 :. 

Mr.  Vv'inthrop's  common  prayer  book  eaten  by  mice,                                     -  214. 

Errors  of  N'T.  Hurre  of  Dorchefter,                          -                        .     -  216, 

New  church  built  at  Bofton,                          -                                      -  217. 

Propofal  to  fend  a  deputation  to  England,                           •                           :  218.- 

Troubles  at  Pifcataqua,  occafioned  by  Mr.  Larkham,  22,0. 

Mr.  Bellingham  elected  Governor,                         -  223. 

A  deputation  to  England,                           -                                        -  223. 

Troubles  with  the  Dutch  at  Hartford,                         •  224. 

Diforders  at  Newport,                                  -                                      *  229. 

M  aflachufetts  patent  confirmed,                              -  232. 

Settlers  at  Pifcataqua  come  under  Maflf.  jurifdiction,  ^S'. 

Singular  marriage  of  Gov.  Bellingham,                         -  233. 

Contentions  in  Gen.  Court,                              -  235. 

Body  .of  Liberties ,  eftabiifhed,  237. 

Mr.  Hathorn's  propofal  againft  lying,  &c,                      •  238. 

Mr.  Afpenwall's  fubmiflion,                          -  242. 

Mr.  \Vinthrop  chofen  Governor,  • 

Darby  Field  afcends  the  White  Hill,                          -                       -  247. 

Propofal  for  a  r  ynod  in  England,  2. 54, 

Three  Clergymen  chofen  to  preach  to  the  people  in  Virginia,  256, 

Alarm  from  Connecticut,                         ,  -  256, 

Miantonomoh  viiits  Maflachufetts,  259. 

Difertions  of  the  colony,                          -^>  -63. 

Frft  Commencement  at  Combridge,  264. 

Account  of  the  White  hills,  265. 

Propofitions  refpecling  government, 

\Varbetween  the  Dutch  and  Indians, 

Ordinance  of  the  Commons  in  favor  of  the  colony, 

Meeting  of  Commiflioners  and  articles  of  Confederation, 

La  Tour  arrives  at  Bofton, 

Complaints  of  bacononoco  and  Pumham>  with  their  curious  infwcrs  'o  the  t?rm> 
propofed  to  them  by  the  colony, 

Continuation  of.  account  refp«^ing  La  Tour, 

. 


CONTENTS. 

.  Page. 

Kiws  of  Indian  war  in  Conne&icut  between  OnkusandSejuaflbn,  *              303. 

Letters  from  the  Dutch  refpefling  injuiici  at  Hartford,  •                       303. 

Miantonomoh  taken  by  the  Mohegans,                     •  -                     305. 

Shin,                                      -  -                            3°6. 

Skirmifti  with  D'Aulnay,                             -                              -  307. 

Affembly  of  Elders  at  Cambridge,                        •                         •  308. 

Affairs  at  I'atuxet,                               -                                        -  309. 
Letters  to  the  Swedifh  Governor  refpe&ing  the  New-Haven  fettlcrs  on  Delaware,      310. 

Proceedings  refpecling  Gorton  aad  company,                               .  31*. 

Governors  of  Cambridge  College  appointed,                  .       «  •                   31$. 

Mr.  Kigby's  purcb^c  and  commiffion  toMr.  Ciearej,  •                        323. 

Order  to  fortify  Cattle  Ifland,                                                         -  325. 

Anfwer  of  the  Swedes  and  Dutch  to  the  Commiffioneff,  »                     3»5. 

Two  perfons  condemned  and  executed  for  adulteay,  »                             326. 

General  Court  divided  into  two  houfes,                          •  -                          328. 

Attempt  to  difcover  the  great  Lake,                           -  -                         328. 

jMr.  Wheelwright's  letter  to  the  Governor,                                -  329. 

Mafiacre  in  Virginia,                              -                                   -  332. 

Letter  from  Pefecus  and  Canonicui,                          I  •                       332. 

t'refident  of  College  whips  two  fcholars,                              •  -                333. 

Iflex  plans  a  removal  of  the  government,  -                  333. 

Contention  about  the  powers  of  the  Governor  and  Affiftuntt,  t                  335. , 

La  Tour  arrives  at  Bofton,                          .A                         -  339, 

Factions  at  Hampton,                                        «  -                           34®. 

Death  of  Waverton  at  Penobfcof,                         .  -                            341. 

Letter  from  the  Magiftrates  to  D«^\ulnay,                         -  •                      343. 

Affair  of  Capt.  Stagg,                                  .                                .  343. 

State  of  Franklin's  cafe,                          .                      .  .« '"•  .                     34-6, 

Imprifonment  of  a  drunken  feaman  without  warrant,                 .  •                350. 

Thomas  Morton's  cafe.                          t  ••'•-+                               .  •                       35*« 

Letter  from  Morton  to  Mr.  JcfFery,                       -4   »•  •                        '    353- 

Letter  from  divers  Lords,                       .                              ,  ,                      156. 

Taking  of  the  Dartmouth  Ship,                     *                     .  ,                    357. 

Eaibafly  from  D*  Aulnay,                    •'  *                 '  *  ";  •                         359- 

Agreement  with  D'Aulnay,                      .                      »  •                          360. 

La  Tour's  lady  arrives  and  brings  a  fult  againft  Capt.  Baylye,  i          ,            361. 


• 


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